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006 - Indian Troubles During Construction · Story of the First Trans-Continental Railroad

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  Speaker 1: Section six of the Story of the First Transcontinental Railroad
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  Speaker 1: by William Francis Bailey. This LibriVox recording is in the
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  Speaker 1: public domain. Recording by Paul Harvey. Indian troubles during construction
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  Speaker 1: history of eighteen sixty four, eighteen sixty five, eighteen sixty six,
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  Speaker 1: eighteen sixty seven, eighteen sixty eight, and eighteen sixty nine
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  Speaker 1: government posts established. Major North and his Pawnees ex soldiers
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  Speaker 1: Ogalala Plum Creek, Sydney Battle at Jewlesburg. The country through
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  Speaker 1: which the Union Pacific Railroad was built was the hunting
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  Speaker 1: grounds of the Pawnee, Sioux, Arapahos, Crows, Blackfeet, Bannock, Snake
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  Speaker 1: and Shashawanees, the first three on the plains and the
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  Speaker 1: others to the west. These were among the most warlike
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  Speaker 1: tribes of the West, and during the construction of the
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  Speaker 1: road they were the occasion of serious trouble, not to
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  Speaker 1: speak of the annoyance and delay, as well as the
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  Speaker 1: extra expense occasioned. The following summarizes the conditions existing on
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  Speaker 1: the plains during the time the road was under construction.
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  Speaker 1: During the summer of eighteen sixty four, the whole line
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  Speaker 1: of the Oberland Stage from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Salt
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  Speaker 1: Lake City was subject to Indian depredations, so much so
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  Speaker 1: that Ben Holiday, its proprietor, asked the government for five
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  Speaker 1: soldiers at each of the stage stations and two to
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  Speaker 1: accompany each coach. Without these, he stated he would discontinue
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  Speaker 1: the line. The year eighteen sixty five was known as
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  Speaker 1: the Bloody Year on the Plains and its history as
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  Speaker 1: one constant account of attacks, skirmishes, depredations, and murders by
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  Speaker 1: the Indians. Notwithstanding the peace conference at Laramie in May,
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  Speaker 1: the year eighteen sixty six was not much better, and
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  Speaker 1: the relations between the Whites and the Indians were kept
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  Speaker 1: at a fighting point, culminating in a massacre by the
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  Speaker 1: Indians at Fort phil Kearney of eighty one regular soldiers.
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  Speaker 1: The year eighteen sixty seven opened with troubles all along
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  Speaker 1: the line. The government inspectors reporting Indian depredations have caused
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  Speaker 1: some serious embarrassment to the locating, construction and operation of
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  Speaker 1: the line. Constant and persistent attacks have occasioned great delay
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  Speaker 1: and expense. The government, aroused to the dangers of temporizing,
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  Speaker 1: pushed a large number of troops into the field, restored
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  Speaker 1: old and built many new posts. This, together with the
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  Speaker 1: ease of communication resulting from the rapidly extending railroad, had
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  Speaker 1: a deterrent effect on the Indians. Eighteen sixty eight was
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  Speaker 1: a repetition of the preceding year. A peace conference at
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  Speaker 1: Fort Laramie called for April, was not attended by the
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  Speaker 1: Indians until November. Numerous attacks were made by them on
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  Speaker 1: the whites in the country kept in a turmoil during
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  Speaker 1: the fall. There was desperate fighting, and the army, assisted
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  Speaker 1: by citizen soldiers, punished the Indians as they had never
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  Speaker 1: been punished before, resulting in a much better condition of affairs.
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  Speaker 1: During eighteen sixty nine and thereafter, nearly all the Indian
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  Speaker 1: troubles occurred on the plains and east of Cheyenne West thereof,
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  Speaker 1: either owing to better organization on the part of the
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  Speaker 1: railroad and military, or else to the intimidation of the tribes,
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  Speaker 1: there was but little annoyance from this source. The surveying
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  Speaker 1: parties were, as a rule accompanied by a small detachment
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  Speaker 1: of regulars, and to this fact may be attributed their
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  Speaker 1: comparative small loss of life. While they lost but few
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  Speaker 1: of their number, still they were compelled to work at
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  Speaker 1: great disadvantage and frequently brought to a full stop by
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  Speaker 1: the presence of war parties and numbers too great to
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  Speaker 1: be ignored. They the surveying and engineering parties were not
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  Speaker 1: so strong numerically as the grating outfits and did not
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  Speaker 1: have their resources. The different parties not only were frequently
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  Speaker 1: driven in, but a number of them were obliged to
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  Speaker 1: fight for their lives. The station Hilldale, Wyoming, perpetuates the
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  Speaker 1: name of one engineer, mister Hill, who was killed near
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  Speaker 1: this place by the Indians while locating the road. Another
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  Speaker 1: victim of the Indians was Colonel Percy, in charge of
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  Speaker 1: an engineering party on the preliminary survey, He was surprised
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  Speaker 1: by a party of them twenty four miles west of
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  Speaker 1: Medicine Bow, Wyoming. Retreating to a cabin, he stood them
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  Speaker 1: off for three days, at the end of which time
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  Speaker 1: they managed to set fire to the building, and when
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  Speaker 1: the roof fell in, he was compelled to get out,
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  Speaker 1: whereupon he was attacked and killed. This took place near
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  Speaker 1: Hanna Station, Wyoming, which was originally called Percy in memory
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  Speaker 1: of the colonel. Realizing the necessity of military to protect
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  Speaker 1: the construction forces. The government established numerous forts or posts
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  Speaker 1: along the line, viz. Fort Macpherson, Nebraska, originally called Cantonment McKean,
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  Speaker 1: then Cottonwood Springs Cantonment, established February eighteen sixty six. Fort Sedgwick, Colorado,
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  Speaker 1: about four miles from the town of Jewlesburg, Colorado. Fort
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  Speaker 1: Mitchell near Scott's Bluff, Nebraska, a temporary proposition occupied only
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  Speaker 1: during the construction period. Fort Morgan, Wyoming, not far from Sydney, Wyoming,
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  Speaker 1: established May eighteen sixty five, abandoned May eighteen sixty eight.
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  Speaker 1: Fort d A. Russell near Cheyenne, Wyoming, established July eighteen
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  Speaker 1: sixty seven, still occupied as an army post. Fort Sanders, Wyoming,
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  Speaker 1: near Laramie, established June eighteen sixty six. Fort fred Steel,
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  Speaker 1: fifteen miles east of Rawlins established June eighteen sixty eight.
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  Speaker 1: Fort Halleck, twenty two miles west of Medicine Bow, abandoned
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  Speaker 1: eighteen sixty six. General Sherman had prophesied that the influx
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  Speaker 1: of greaters Heapsters with their following, would bring enough whiskey
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  Speaker 1: into the country to kill off all the Indians, and
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  Speaker 1: that the only good Indians were the dead ones. One
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  Speaker 1: of the most valuable forces during the building of the
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  Speaker 1: road was a battalion of four companies of Pawnee Indians
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  Speaker 1: mustered into the United States Service under the command of
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  Speaker 1: Major Frank Jane North January thirteenth, eighteen sixty five. This
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  Speaker 1: action being taken at the insistence of General Custer. They
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  Speaker 1: proved most effective, notwithstanding their somewhat ludicrous appearance. They were
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  Speaker 1: furnished the regular soldier's uniform, which they were permitted to
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  Speaker 1: modify to suit their individual ideas and taste. As a rule,
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  Speaker 1: their head dress was the customary Indian one of feathers.
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  Speaker 1: Their arms were the regulation carbine and revolver of the cavalry,
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  Speaker 1: to which they added on their own accord, hatchet, knife, spear,
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  Speaker 1: et cetera. And when fighting was to be done, they
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  Speaker 1: would strip down to the buff or rather the copper skin.
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  Speaker 1: The construction forces at this time were being annoyed by
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  Speaker 1: the Cheyennes and Sioux, both of whom were the bitter
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  Speaker 1: foes of the Pawnees. Fort Kearney was the headquarters of
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  Speaker 1: Major North and his Pawnees, and their duty was to
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  Speaker 1: protect the construction forces while at work, as illustrating conditions
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  Speaker 1: existing The following is of interest. A large body of
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  Speaker 1: Indians appeared on the scene near Julesburg. Major North and
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  Speaker 1: forty of his pawnees started from Fort Kearney to the
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  Speaker 1: scene of the anticipated trouble. On the way he found
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  Speaker 1: the bodies of fourteen white men who had been killed
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  Speaker 1: by the Indians, and their bodies mutilated beyond recognition, their
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  Speaker 1: scalps torn off, tongues, cut out, legs, and arms hacked off,
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  Speaker 1: and their bodies full of arrows. On arriving at Jewlesburg,
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  Speaker 1: he found the place besieged. Falling on the Sioux. He
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  Speaker 1: put the whole band to fight, killing twenty eight in
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  Speaker 1: the transaction. This party of Indians had but a few
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  Speaker 1: days before surprised a party of fourteen soldiers, killing them all.
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  Speaker 1: Soon after this trouble broke out with the Cheyennes, Major
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  Speaker 1: North and a party of twenty of his pawnees started
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  Speaker 1: to look into the matter, and while out struck a
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  Speaker 1: band of twelve Cheyennes taking after them. The Major was
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  Speaker 1: the only one who could get near them. On account
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  Speaker 1: of his men's horses being tired out, but being better mounted,
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  Speaker 1: he was able to get within gunshot and killed one
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  Speaker 1: of the Cheyennes. Seeing his pawnees were some distance in
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  Speaker 1: the rear, the whole party turned on Major North. He
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  Speaker 1: shot his horse, and, using its body for a breastwork,
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  Speaker 1: fought the whole party, killing or wounding nine of them,
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  Speaker 1: and held them at bay until his men were able
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  Speaker 1: to come up. This fight was considered one of the
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  Speaker 1: most daring on the plains, and added greatly to the
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  Speaker 1: fame of the Major and his pawnees. After the completion
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  Speaker 1: of the road, Major North retired and, in company with W. F.
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  Speaker 1: Cody Buffalo Bill, went into the cattle business near North Platte.
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  Speaker 1: As has been stated, many of the officers and men
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  Speaker 1: engaged on the work were ex soldiers accustomed to the
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  Speaker 1: use of arms. The construction trains and in fact all
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  Speaker 1: of the workers were liberally supplied with arms, principally rifles,
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  Speaker 1: and it was the boast that ten minutes any time
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  Speaker 1: was long enough to transform a gang of graters or
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  Speaker 1: track layers into a battalion of infantry. Every man on
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  Speaker 1: the work was armed, and it was the custom for
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  Speaker 1: the greater to carry their guns to and from their work,
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  Speaker 1: keeping them stacked within easy distance. Well at actual work,
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  Speaker 1: the front was seldom bothered. As a rule, there were
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  Speaker 1: too many at hand to make an attack attractive. It
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  Speaker 1: was the little, detached parties or single individuals that were
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  Speaker 1: most often molested. After the rails were down, the trains
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  Speaker 1: passing to and from the front, and the employees at
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  Speaker 1: the isolated stations, and most especially the section gangs, were
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  Speaker 1: in constant danger. Among the first serious experiences was that
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  Speaker 1: of a construction train near Ogolawala, Nebraska. A party of
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  Speaker 1: Sioux decided to capture it and compel it to stop.
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  Speaker 1: They masked their ponies on the track, with the result
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  Speaker 1: that there were some twenty or more dead horses without
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  Speaker 1: damage of any consequence to the train. DayMen used their
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  Speaker 1: guns and pistols to good advantage, resulting in a number
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  Speaker 1: of the Indians being killed. Later on, one of the
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  Speaker 1: siouxs of the party, on being interviewed, said, smoke wagon
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  Speaker 1: big chief ah no good. At another time, the Indians
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  Speaker 1: succeeded in capturing a freight train near plum Creek and
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  Speaker 1: held it and its crew in their possession. General Dodge,
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  Speaker 1: the chief engineer, with a number of men. Train crew
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  Speaker 1: discharged men et cetera was running special returning from their
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  Speaker 1: front to Omaha when the news reached them, and to
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  Speaker 1: quote the General's own words, they the man on his
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  Speaker 1: special train were all strangers to me. The excitement of
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  Speaker 1: the capture and the reports coming by telegraph brought all
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  Speaker 1: of them to the platform. And when I called on
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  Speaker 1: them to fall in and go forward and retake the
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  Speaker 1: captured train, every man on this special went into line,
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  Speaker 1: and by his position showed he had been a soldier.
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  Speaker 1: We ran down slowly until we came in sight of
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  Speaker 1: the train. I gave the order to deploy as skirmishers,
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  Speaker 1: and at that command they went forward as steadily and
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  Speaker 1: in as good order as we had seen. The old
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  Speaker 1: soldiers climbed the face of the Kennesaw under fire. The
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  Speaker 1: train was quickly recaptured. Another incident occurred in the same locality,
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  Speaker 1: four miles west of Plum Creek in July eighteen sixty seven.
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  Speaker 1: A band of Southern Cheyennes under Chief Turkey Leg took
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  Speaker 1: up the rails and ties over a dry ravine. It
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  Speaker 1: so happened that the train was preceded by a hand
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  Speaker 1: car with three section men. Encountering the break, the car
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  Speaker 1: and men fell into the ravine, and one of their
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  Speaker 1: men was captured. And scalped. In his agony, he grabbed
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  Speaker 1: a scalp and got away in the darkness, as had
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  Speaker 1: his two more fortunate companions. The engineer discovered the break
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  Speaker 1: by the light of his headlight, but not in time
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  Speaker 1: to stop his train, and the engine and two car
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  Speaker 1: loads of brick immediately following it toppled into the ravine,
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  Speaker 1: with the balance of the train box cars loaded with
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  Speaker 1: miscellaneous freight piling up and roundabout. The engineer and firemen
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  Speaker 1: were caught and killed in the wreck. The conductor, discovering
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  Speaker 1: the presence of the savages, ran back and flagged the
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  Speaker 1: second section following, which was backed up to Plum Creek station.
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  Speaker 1: In the morning, the inhabitants of Plum Creek, together with
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  Speaker 1: the train crews sallied out to give battle with the Indians,
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  Speaker 1: but found they had departed from the cars. They had
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  Speaker 1: thrown out boxes and bales, taking from them whatever had
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  Speaker 1: struck their famis. Bolts of bright colored flannels and calicoes
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  Speaker 1: had been fastened to their ponies, which streamed in the
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  Speaker 1: wind or dragged over the prairies. Major North and his
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  Speaker 1: pawnees were at the front, scattered in small detachments between
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  Speaker 1: Sydney and Laramie within twenty four hours. They arrived on
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  Speaker 1: the scene in a special train. Following the trail in
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  Speaker 1: about ten days, they fell upon the Cheyennes, one hundred
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  Speaker 1: and fifty in number, and killed fifteen, taking two prisoners,
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  Speaker 1: one of them the nephew of Turkey Leg, their chief.
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  Speaker 1: Another occurrence took place in April eighteen sixty eight near
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  Speaker 1: Elm Creek station. A band of Sioux attacked, killed, and
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  Speaker 1: skelped a section gang of five, and on the same
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  Speaker 1: day attacked the station of Sydney, coming out on the
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  Speaker 1: bluff above it and firing down on the town. At
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  Speaker 1: the time of the attack, two conductors were fishing in
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  Speaker 1: lodge Pole Creek, a little way below the station. They
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  Speaker 1: were discovered by the Indians, who charged on them and
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  Speaker 1: shot one, who fell forward as if killed. The other
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  Speaker 1: happened to have a pistol on his person, with which
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  Speaker 1: he kept them at a distance until he reached the station,
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  Speaker 1: where he arrived with four arrows sticking in him and
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  Speaker 1: some four or five other bullet and arrow wounds, none
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  Speaker 1: of which proved serious. His companion also recovered. Another serious
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  Speaker 1: attack was made on a train near Ogolola station, in
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  Speaker 1: September eighteen sixty eight, the ends of two opposite rails
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  Speaker 1: were raised so as to penetrate the cylinders, the engine
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  Speaker 1: going over into the ditch and the cars piling up
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  Speaker 1: on top of it. The fireman was caught in the
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  Speaker 1: wreck and burned to death. The engineer and forward brakemen
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  Speaker 1: riding on the engine escaped unhurt. The train crew and passengers,
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  Speaker 1: being armed, defended the train, keeping the Indians off until
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  Speaker 1: a wrecking train and crew arrived. Word being sent to
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  Speaker 1: Major North, who was at Willow Island with one company
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  Speaker 1: of his pawnees. He came to the scene, followed the
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  Speaker 1: Indians and overtaking them, two were killed, the balance escaping.
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  Speaker 1: The following month, the same party attacked a section gang
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  Speaker 1: near Potter Station, driving them in and running off a
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  Speaker 1: bunch of twenty horses and mules. About fifteen of Major
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  Speaker 1: North's pawnees started in pursuit, overtook and killed two, and
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  Speaker 1: recovered the greater part of the stolen stock. The Great
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  Speaker 1: Battle of Construction Days occurred near Julesburg in July eighteen
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  Speaker 1: sixty nine. The regulars under General Carr and the pawnees
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  Speaker 1: one hundred and fifty under Major North had put in
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  Speaker 1: two months scouting for several bands of Cheyennes and Sue
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  Speaker 1: that had been raiding through the Republican and Solomon Valleys,
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  Speaker 1: attacking settlements, the burning houses, killing and scalping men, women
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  Speaker 1: and children, and raising cane generally. They ran them to
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  Speaker 1: earth near Summit Springs, where they were encamped. On July eleventh,
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  Speaker 1: they surprised and attacked the Indians, who were under the
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  Speaker 1: leadership of Tall Bull, a noted Cheyenne chief. One hundred
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  Speaker 1: and sixty warriors were slain among them Tall Bull. He
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  Speaker 1: was seen as the attack was made, mounted upon his
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  Speaker 1: horse with a squaw and a child behind him. Trying
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  Speaker 1: to escape being headed off, he rode into a draw
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  Speaker 1: or pocket in the side of a ravine where some
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  Speaker 1: fifteen other warriors had taken refuge. He had been riding
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  Speaker 1: on a very fine horse. This he took to the
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  Speaker 1: mouth of the draw and shot. He then sent a
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  Speaker 1: squaw and child out to give themselves. This they did,
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  Speaker 1: the squaw approaching Major North with hands raised in token
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  Speaker 1: of submission. She then advised the Major there were still
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  Speaker 1: seven warriors alive in the draw and treating that their
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  Speaker 1: lives be spared as the Indians were shooting at every
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  Speaker 1: man they caught sight of. It was impossible to save them,
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  Speaker 1: and they were finally shot down. Among the prisoners taken
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  Speaker 1: was a white woman who had been captured by the
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  Speaker 1: Indians on one of their raids. She had been appropriated
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  Speaker 1: by Tall Bull as his squaw, and when the village
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  Speaker 1: had been attacked, he had shot her and left her
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  Speaker 1: in his teepee, supposedly dead. Soon after the fight commenced,
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  Speaker 1: she was found by one of the officers who entered
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  Speaker 1: in the lodge saw her in a sitting position with
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  Speaker 1: blood running down her waist. She was a German, unable
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  Speaker 1: to speak English, and up to this time had supposed
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  Speaker 1: the fight was between Indians. On realizing that white men
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  Speaker 1: were in the vicinity and thinking when he started to
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  Speaker 1: leave her that she was about to be deserted, she
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  Speaker 1: clasped him around his legs and in the most pitiful manner,
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  Speaker 1: begged him by signs and with tears not to leave
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  Speaker 1: her to the savages. After the fight, she was taken
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  Speaker 1: to Fort Sedgwick, where she recovered and in a few
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  Speaker 1: months afterwards married a soldier whose time had expired. During
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  Speaker 1: the fight, the troops captured nearly six hundred head of
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  Speaker 1: horses and mules, together with an immense amount of miscellaneous plunder,
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  Speaker 1: including nineteen hundred dollars and twenty dollar gold pieces that
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  Speaker 1: had been taken from the German woman's father at the
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  Speaker 1: time he had been killed and she captured. Of this sum,
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  Speaker 1: nine hundred dollars was turned over to the woman, six
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  Speaker 1: hundred dollars by the pawnees, and a balance by the regulars.
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  Speaker 1: Had the latter been as generous as the scouts when
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  Speaker 1: the appeal for its restoration was made, every dollar would
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  Speaker 1: have been returned. The above incidents are but a few
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  Speaker 1: out of thousands that occurred during the stormy construction days.
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  Speaker 1: They illustrate the trials and dangers encountered by the hardy pioneers.
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  Speaker 1: It was not only at the front the trouble was incurred,
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  Speaker 1: but after the building had proceeded, the section men, station
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  Speaker 1: employees and train crews were in constant danger. At the stations,
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  Speaker 1: it was a rule to build sawed forts connected by
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  Speaker 1: underground passage with the living quarters, to which retreat could
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  Speaker 1: be had in case of Indian attacks. For some time,
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  Speaker 1: small squads of soldiers were stationed at every station and
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  Speaker 1: section house along the line, being quartered in Sawd Barracks.
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  Speaker 1: With the completion of the road and the establishment of
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  Speaker 1: regular train service, emigration soon poured in to such an
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  Speaker 1: extent as to make the settlers numerous enough to protect themselves,
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  Speaker 1: and it was not long until Low, like the Buffalo,
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  Speaker 1: was only a memory. End of section six recording by
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  Speaker 1: Paul Harvey