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How The Internet Solved A 35 Year Old Cold Case · The conspiracy

• 0:00
  Speaker 1: For over three decades, a nameless girl haunted the fields
• 0:03
  Speaker 1: of upstate New York. She was known only by the
• 0:06
  Speaker 1: place where she was found, a small farming community that
• 0:10
  Speaker 1: would never forget her.
• 0:11
  Speaker 2: This is the story of how a chance.
• 0:13
  Speaker 1: Discovery in nineteen seventy nine launched one of America's most
• 0:17
  Speaker 1: enduring mysteries, and how a new generation of investigators and
• 0:22
  Speaker 1: Internet sloths refused to let her be forgotten.
• 0:25
  Speaker 2: Crime conspiracy, cults, terdo, killers, and.
• 0:29
  Speaker 1: Murder all things that I love to consume and I
• 0:31
  Speaker 1: know you do too, You sick, twisted, intellectually, beautiful minded.
• 0:37
  Speaker 1: Today we are talking about a crazy cold case that
• 0:41
  Speaker 1: once again Internet sloths swooped in and did some incredible work.
• 0:47
  Speaker 2: So, without further ado, let's unbuckle our.
• 0:49
  Speaker 1: Seatbelts, go mat fact on the highway, slam on the rights,
• 0:51
  Speaker 1: and buster this windshield into this cold case. Together, on
• 1:08
  Speaker 1: a brisk autumn morning in nineteen seventy nine, a quiet
• 1:11
  Speaker 1: farming community in upstate New York awoke to a harrowing
• 1:14
  Speaker 1: discovery in a rain soaked cornfield. Just off Us wrote
• 1:18
  Speaker 1: twenty outside the village of Caledonia, a local farmer checking
• 1:23
  Speaker 1: the fields stumbled upon what he first thought was perhaps
• 1:26
  Speaker 1: a trespassing hunter in a red jacket, but as he
• 1:29
  Speaker 1: drew closer, his heart sank because it was the lifeless
• 1:33
  Speaker 1: body of a girl, face down amid the cornstalks, and
• 1:37
  Speaker 1: she had no identification on her, and it was immediately
• 1:40
  Speaker 1: clear she had met a violent and and the farmer
• 1:44
  Speaker 1: phone the Livingstone County Sheriff's office, setting in motion a
• 1:47
  Speaker 1: mystery that would haunt the region for decades. So a
• 1:50
  Speaker 1: police arrived at the scene on what would later be
• 1:53
  Speaker 1: recorded as November tenth, nineteen seventy nine.
• 1:56
  Speaker 2: They noted that the.
• 1:57
  Speaker 1: Girl was young, but they didn't know what her age
• 2:00
  Speaker 1: was exactly at this point, and they knew that she
• 2:03
  Speaker 1: had been shot. And this girl died by two gunshot wounds.
• 2:07
  Speaker 1: One was a shot to her right eye and another
• 2:11
  Speaker 1: to her upper back, and the positioning of the wounds
• 2:14
  Speaker 1: and a large blood spot by the roadside suggested a
• 2:18
  Speaker 1: grim sequence, and that sequence would be that she was
• 2:21
  Speaker 1: most likely first shot by the road, then dragged roughly
• 2:25
  Speaker 1: twenty feet into the cornfield, and shot again in the back.
• 2:29
  Speaker 1: And the girl's pockets were turned inside out as if
• 2:32
  Speaker 1: someone had rifled through them to remove any form of identification,
• 2:36
  Speaker 1: and in the dirt beneath her body, investigators recovered a
• 2:39
  Speaker 1: single thirty eight caliber bullet slug evidence of the murder
• 2:43
  Speaker 1: weapon that had been used to end her life. So
• 2:46
  Speaker 1: sheriff's deputies secured the crime scene, combing through the muddy
• 2:49
  Speaker 1: field and adjacent roadside for any physical evidence, and rain
• 2:53
  Speaker 1: had fallen very heavily during the night, and officers quickly
• 2:56
  Speaker 1: realized that crucial clues might have been literally washed away
• 3:00
  Speaker 1: by the storm, and the downpour had likely obliterated any
• 3:03
  Speaker 1: sort of footprints or tire tracks and any trace of
• 3:06
  Speaker 1: DNA that the killer might have left on the victim's
• 3:09
  Speaker 1: body or clothing. Despite the challenging conditions, though investigators did
• 3:12
  Speaker 1: recover some evidence and noted several key details. They found
• 3:17
  Speaker 1: no purse, wallet, or documents on the girl, nothing to
• 3:21
  Speaker 1: indicate who she was, and the fact that her pant
• 3:24
  Speaker 1: pockets were pulled inside out suggested the killer had perhaps
• 3:28
  Speaker 1: taken her money and id with them, and this was
• 3:31
  Speaker 1: a strong indication of an attempted cover up of her identity,
• 3:35
  Speaker 1: because other than that, the girl was fully clothed and
• 3:38
  Speaker 1: showed no signs of s or obvious struggle. Aside from
• 3:43
  Speaker 1: the gunshot wounds obviously, so it was robbery or personal
• 3:47
  Speaker 1: motive that might have been the driving factor in murder,
• 3:50
  Speaker 1: and as mentioned, a thirty eight caliber slug was recovered
• 3:53
  Speaker 1: beneath the body, and ballistic experts would later determine it
• 3:57
  Speaker 1: likely came from a handgun of that caliber, and the
• 4:00
  Speaker 1: medical examiner confirmed the cause of death was massive hemorrhaging
• 4:04
  Speaker 1: from the two gunshot wounds, and the shot over her
• 4:07
  Speaker 1: eye appeared to have been fired at very close range. Tellingly,
• 4:12
  Speaker 1: the victim had not even flinched or turned away, indicating
• 4:16
  Speaker 1: she might have been caught completely by surprise when the
• 4:19
  Speaker 1: trigger was pulled, and the second shot into her back
• 4:23
  Speaker 1: seemed to have been fired after she was already down,
• 4:26
  Speaker 1: so investigators scoured the area for anything the killer might
• 4:29
  Speaker 1: have left behind. Beyond the bullet, there was two peculiar
• 4:33
  Speaker 1: items found with the body that offered faint hints about
• 4:36
  Speaker 1: the victim's recent travels because attached to the victim's belt
• 4:39
  Speaker 1: loops were two metal keychains. One was heart shaped with
• 4:43
  Speaker 1: a keyhole and inscribed with the phrase he who holds
• 4:47
  Speaker 1: the key can open my heart, and the other was
• 4:50
  Speaker 1: the matching key meant to fit that heart, which.
• 4:53
  Speaker 2: Is so sad.
• 4:56
  Speaker 1: These cheap trinket keychains were later traced to vending machines
• 5:00
  Speaker 1: means along the New York State Throughway, a major highway
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  Speaker 1: cutting across New York, and this suggested that the victim
• 5:06
  Speaker 1: and likely the killer, had traveled along the through Way,
• 5:10
  Speaker 1: recently picking up the souvenir at a rest stop vending machine.
• 5:14
  Speaker 1: And it was a small clue, but it was interesting nonetheless,
• 5:17
  Speaker 1: because perhaps the pair had been on the road passing
• 5:20
  Speaker 1: through New York when this town became the end of
• 5:23
  Speaker 1: the line for the young woman. And the other item
• 5:26
  Speaker 1: that was found on the victim was a necklace. She
• 5:28
  Speaker 1: wore a delicate silver necklace with three small turquoise stones,
• 5:33
  Speaker 1: and the necklace had a handmade Southwestern look, resembling Native
• 5:38
  Speaker 1: American style jewelry, and this style isn't common in Rule
• 5:42
  Speaker 1: New York, leading investigators to wonder if the necklace and
• 5:46
  Speaker 1: the girl herself came from somewhere in the American Southwest,
• 5:50
  Speaker 1: like it's extremely popular here in Texas to wear that
• 5:53
  Speaker 1: type of jewelry, So coupled with the Throughway keychains, the
• 5:56
  Speaker 1: necklace hinted at long distance travel before death, so perhaps
• 6:01
  Speaker 1: a road trip that started in a far warmer place
• 6:03
  Speaker 1: than western New York, and as forensic teams collected what
• 6:07
  Speaker 1: evidence they could, detectives canvassed the local area for leads
• 6:11
  Speaker 1: and also given the contents of the victim's stomach, the
• 6:14
  Speaker 1: coroner determined she had eaten a meal not long before
• 6:17
  Speaker 1: she was killed, and potatoes, sweet corn, and ham were
• 6:20
  Speaker 1: found undigested, so this pointed to a classic diner style dinner,
• 6:26
  Speaker 1: and remarkably, a waitress from a small diner in the
• 6:29
  Speaker 1: nearby town of Lima or Lima Sorr if I'm saying
• 6:31
  Speaker 1: that wrong, believed she had served this girl the night
• 6:34
  Speaker 1: of November ninth, nineteen seventy nine, because the young woman
• 6:38
  Speaker 1: had been in the diner at around eleven thirty pm
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  Speaker 1: with an older male companion who paid for their meals,
• 6:45
  Speaker 1: and the waitress noted nothing alarming At the time, the
• 6:48
  Speaker 1: pair seemed like any other customer and companion rabbing a
• 6:51
  Speaker 1: late meal. But this was a crucial lead because the
• 6:54
  Speaker 1: victim had been seen alive just hours before her death
• 6:57
  Speaker 1: in the company of a man who might well be
• 6:59
  Speaker 1: her killer, and from the waitress's account, police obtained a
• 7:02
  Speaker 1: description of this unknown man, and he was described as
• 7:06
  Speaker 1: a white male around five eight to five nine, with
• 7:09
  Speaker 1: black wire rimmed glasses and curly hair, and he drove
• 7:13
  Speaker 1: a tanned station wagon that night. So two investigators, this
• 7:17
  Speaker 1: man immediately became a person of interest and perhaps the
• 7:21
  Speaker 1: last person seen with the victim while she was alive,
• 7:24
  Speaker 1: So if they could find and identify him, they might
• 7:27
  Speaker 1: solve this case. So police circulated a composite sketch of
• 7:31
  Speaker 1: this curly haired man and an alert for any tann
• 7:34
  Speaker 1: station wagons matching the description. So, whoever this mystery man was,
• 7:38
  Speaker 1: he had willingly bought the girl dinner, then less than
• 7:41
  Speaker 1: an hour later, she was executed and left in a field.
• 7:45
  Speaker 1: And as the waitress, Marge Bradford later wondered in horror,
• 7:49
  Speaker 1: why would you buy somebody dinner and then kill them
• 7:52
  Speaker 1: forty five minutes later and throw them in a corn field?
• 7:55
  Speaker 1: So it was a very chilling question that investigators were
• 7:58
  Speaker 1: determined to answer. So as the initial investigation unfolded, the
• 8:02
  Speaker 1: victim herself remained a Jane Dough and a full autopsy
• 8:07
  Speaker 1: was conducted, building a detailed profile of the young woman
• 8:10
  Speaker 1: in hopes of eventually matching her to a missing persons
• 8:13
  Speaker 1: report and they estimated the girl's age between thirteen and
• 8:17
  Speaker 1: nineteen years old. She was petite, about five feet three
• 8:20
  Speaker 1: inches tall and weighed around one hundred and twenty pounds,
• 8:24
  Speaker 1: and she had an athletic, tanned build, not typical for
• 8:28
  Speaker 1: someone from the chilly Northeast. In November when the exam
• 8:31
  Speaker 1: noted pronounced tan lines in the pattern of a haltertop
• 8:35
  Speaker 1: or bikini on her upper body, and this meant she
• 8:39
  Speaker 1: had likely been in a sunny climate not long before
• 8:41
  Speaker 1: her death, and tanning beds were virtually unheard of in
• 8:45
  Speaker 1: the nineteen seventies, and upstate New York certainly hadn't been
• 8:48
  Speaker 1: warm enough for sunbathing in late October, so the tan
• 8:52
  Speaker 1: lines were an early red flag that the victim was
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  Speaker 1: not a local girl. And the girl's hair was a
• 8:57
  Speaker 1: light brown color, wavy and shoulder length, and the front
• 9:00
  Speaker 1: locks had been highlighted about four months prior to her
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  Speaker 1: death and the darker roots were starting to grow out,
• 9:07
  Speaker 1: and her eyes were a soft brown, and the medical
• 9:09
  Speaker 1: examiner also noted some acne on her face and chest
• 9:13
  Speaker 1: and freckles dusting.
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  Speaker 2: The back of her shoulders.
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  Speaker 1: So in terms of distinguishing marks or old injuries, Jane
• 9:19
  Speaker 1: Doe had no tattoos, no scars, and no healed broken
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  Speaker 1: bones that might have been recorded in hospital records, and
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  Speaker 1: it appeared she hadn't received much medical or dental care
• 9:30
  Speaker 1: in her entire life, a fact that could hint into
• 9:33
  Speaker 1: her background, because her teeth specifically were in poor shape,
• 9:37
  Speaker 1: and she had multiple untreated cavities, including one tooth so
• 9:40
  Speaker 1: decayed that only the roots remained, and one source mentioned
• 9:44
  Speaker 1: there was signs of a bit of dental work that
• 9:47
  Speaker 1: was done which appeared substandard, noting it might have been
• 9:50
  Speaker 1: performed outside the US given its unusual technique, and the
• 9:54
  Speaker 1: girl had no fillings or orthodontic work typical of American teens,
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  Speaker 1: reinforcing the idea that she might have come from a
• 10:01
  Speaker 1: less privileged background or had been a transient and not
• 10:04
  Speaker 1: under regular medical care.
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  Speaker 2: And none of her wisdom.
• 10:07
  Speaker 1: Teeth had come through yet, consistent with a young age,
• 10:11
  Speaker 1: likely under eighteen, and the blood type was determined to
• 10:14
  Speaker 1: be a negative, though without a living person to match,
• 10:18
  Speaker 1: that fact was mostly filed away for future reference, and crucially,
• 10:22
  Speaker 1: the clothing on the victim provided further clues, because at
• 10:25
  Speaker 1: the time of discovery, she was fully dressed and every
• 10:28
  Speaker 1: day attired that would not have been out of place
• 10:31
  Speaker 1: for a nineteen seventies teenager, perhaps that some items were
• 10:35
  Speaker 1: ill fitted or quote unquote masculine. She wore ten corduroy
• 10:40
  Speaker 1: pants women's size seven and multicolored plaid button up shirt
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  Speaker 1: with a collar and over the shirt was the most
• 10:47
  Speaker 1: eye catching item, and that was a red windbreaker jacket
• 10:50
  Speaker 1: with black stripes down the arms men's style labeled auto
• 10:55
  Speaker 1: sports products ink on the inside, so it looked like
• 10:59
  Speaker 1: a racing or automotive jacket, and investigators tried to trace it,
• 11:03
  Speaker 1: but they soon learned it had been a promotional item,
• 11:05
  Speaker 1: produced in limited quantity and not traceable to any particular owner.
• 11:10
  Speaker 1: And on her feet were brown shoes with ripple soles.
• 11:13
  Speaker 1: She also was wearing blue knee high socks, a white
• 11:16
  Speaker 1: brawl and blue underwear, and everything she wore seemed to
• 11:19
  Speaker 1: have been purchased off the rack, so it was nothing
• 11:22
  Speaker 1: bespoke or extremely distinctive save the red jacket and the
• 11:26
  Speaker 1: personalized key chain charms. But the overall impression was that
• 11:30
  Speaker 1: of a normal American teen or young woman of the
• 11:33
  Speaker 1: late seventies, perhaps one who was traveling or had run
• 11:36
  Speaker 1: away wearing practical clothes for comfort, and one by one,
• 11:40
  Speaker 1: each piece of physical evidence was cataloged and photographs of
• 11:44
  Speaker 1: the girl's face were taken because her facial features were
• 11:47
  Speaker 1: still mostly intact despite her near eye wound. Police even
• 11:51
  Speaker 1: released a retouch to post barnum photo and a sketch
• 11:55
  Speaker 1: to the media in hopes someone would recognize her. But
• 11:58
  Speaker 1: in those first days, no immediate matches came back, and
• 12:02
  Speaker 1: the local authorities checked all missing persons reports in New
• 12:06
  Speaker 1: York State and the surrounding areas for any teenage girl
• 12:09
  Speaker 1: fitting her description, but none matched Jane Doe, and they
• 12:12
  Speaker 1: also sent her fingerprints to the FBI's national database, but unfortunately,
• 12:16
  Speaker 1: the prince turned up nothing, and she had never been
• 12:19
  Speaker 1: fingerprinted by law enforcement or any government agency that reported to.
• 12:23
  Speaker 2: The FBI, so she had no record.
• 12:25
  Speaker 1: So the initial phase of the investigation presented a giant puzzle.
• 12:30
  Speaker 1: Here was a young woman with tan lines suggesting a
• 12:33
  Speaker 1: life in sunny climates, found dead far from home, wearing
• 12:37
  Speaker 1: a mishmash of clothes and carrying trinkets from roadside stops,
• 12:42
  Speaker 1: and she shared a humble last meal with a stranger
• 12:45
  Speaker 1: who might also have been her executioner. And there were
• 12:48
  Speaker 1: no immediate answers, only questions echoing in the minds of
• 12:52
  Speaker 1: investigators and townspeople alike. Who was Jane Doe and how
• 12:57
  Speaker 1: did she come to be in Caledonia and who murdered
• 13:00
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  Speaker 1: So from the very start, the Caledonia Jane Doe case
• 15:29
  Speaker 1: weighed heavily on the hearts of investigators involved, and one
• 15:32
  Speaker 1: man in particular would become the steadfast guardian of Jane
• 15:36
  Speaker 1: Doe's memory. John York, a Livingston County Deputy sheriff who
• 15:40
  Speaker 1: was one of the first officers on the scene that
• 15:42
  Speaker 1: November morning. John York was deeply moved by the site
• 15:46
  Speaker 1: of the murdered girl and the tragedy of her anonymity,
• 15:49
  Speaker 1: and as the years went on, York's career advanced and
• 15:52
  Speaker 1: he was elected Livingston County Sheriff in the nineteen eighties
• 15:55
  Speaker 1: and he held that office until twenty thirteen. And throughout
• 15:59
  Speaker 1: those years he were refused to let that Jane Doe
• 16:01
  Speaker 1: case fade away, and Sheriff Yorke made sure that Calli
• 16:05
  Speaker 1: Doe remained an active investigation. She was called Calli Doe
• 16:08
  Speaker 1: because of where she was found, reminding his department and
• 16:11
  Speaker 1: the public that this girl was never forgotten. And York's
• 16:15
  Speaker 1: dedication was both professional and deeply personal, and he often
• 16:19
  Speaker 1: visited that unidentified girl's grave, talking to her in his
• 16:22
  Speaker 1: thoughts and asking her for forgiveness that they haven't found
• 16:25
  Speaker 1: the name of her killer.
• 16:27
  Speaker 2: Saying, quote, what did we forget? What did we overlook?
• 16:31
  Speaker 2: Here's a child shot, dumped roadside, shot again, stripped of identification.
• 16:36
  Speaker 2: Somebody has to give that.
• 16:38
  Speaker 1: Child justice unquote, he would remark, emphasizing the sense of
• 16:42
  Speaker 1: obligation he felt, and in his words, quote you don't
• 16:46
  Speaker 1: think that kid deserves some justice unquote. So the case
• 16:50
  Speaker 1: was a promise he meant to keep, and in the
• 16:52
  Speaker 1: earliest years after nineteen seventy nine, York and the investigative
• 16:56
  Speaker 1: team pulled out all the stops to identify the girl
• 16:59
  Speaker 1: and hunt down them murderer, but with no name to
• 17:01
  Speaker 1: start from, the first priority was giving Cali do back
• 17:05
  Speaker 1: her identity, since one of the biggest parts of solving
• 17:08
  Speaker 1: this case is knowing the victim, as Sheriff Thomas Daughtry
• 17:12
  Speaker 1: would say, and in nineteen seventy nine and the early
• 17:15
  Speaker 1: nineteen eighties, this meant painstakingly checking missing persons reports by hand,
• 17:20
  Speaker 1: reaching out to departments near and far, and appealing in
• 17:23
  Speaker 1: the media for anyone who knew the girl who vanished
• 17:26
  Speaker 1: to come forward, and leads poured in by the dozens
• 17:29
  Speaker 1: and then hundreds, and according to Sheriff Yorke, over ten
• 17:32
  Speaker 1: thousand tips and leads would ultimately be examined in the
• 17:36
  Speaker 1: course of the investigation, which is a staggering figure that
• 17:39
  Speaker 1: illustrates just how many possibilities the team had to consider
• 17:42
  Speaker 1: and how determined they were to chase down any hint
• 17:45
  Speaker 1: of a clue, and early on, investigators prepared flyers detailing
• 17:49
  Speaker 1: the girl's description and clothing and mailed them to police
• 17:52
  Speaker 1: departments all across the United States, Canada, and even overseeks.
• 17:56
  Speaker 2: So this was a.
• 17:57
  Speaker 1: Massive pre Internet outreach effort to see if any agency
• 18:01
  Speaker 1: had a similar cold case or a missing girl who
• 18:04
  Speaker 1: might match, and John York's law enforcement students even assisted
• 18:07
  Speaker 1: in stuffing envelopes and addressing them, learning firsthand how a
• 18:11
  Speaker 1: real case was pursued with dogged determination, and the team
• 18:15
  Speaker 1: compared notes with missing persons databases. But the late nineteen
• 18:19
  Speaker 1: seventies and eighties lacked a digital, centralized national system, so
• 18:23
  Speaker 1: it was like searching for a needle in a haystack
• 18:25
  Speaker 1: by candlelight. Sadly, none of the countless inquiries produced a
• 18:29
  Speaker 1: name for Cali Doe, and realizing the killer might not
• 18:33
  Speaker 1: be a local either, investigators scored truck stops, rest areas,
• 18:37
  Speaker 1: and highway records because Caledonia sits not far from the
• 18:40
  Speaker 1: Interstate Highway and the Throughway, so if the victim and
• 18:44
  Speaker 1: her killer were traveling, maybe a trucker or gas station
• 18:47
  Speaker 1: attendant had seen something. So the canvas diners and gas
• 18:51
  Speaker 1: stations asking if anyone were called the curly haired girl
• 18:54
  Speaker 1: or the man with glasses, and some promising information did emerge.
• 18:59
  Speaker 1: A few long hall truck drivers reported possibly seeing a
• 19:02
  Speaker 1: teen girl hitchhiking along the highway in that area around
• 19:06
  Speaker 1: the time of the murder, and this fuel the theory
• 19:08
  Speaker 1: that Jane Doe had been hitchhiking her way through New York,
• 19:11
  Speaker 1: which fit the narrative of a runaway or a traveler. However,
• 19:14
  Speaker 1: without confirmation of who she was, these sightings remained frustratingly
• 19:19
  Speaker 1: vague leads and they suggested a scenario, but not a name.
• 19:23
  Speaker 1: So by the end of nineteen eighty the case had
• 19:26
  Speaker 1: gone cold in terms of identifying the victim because despite
• 19:29
  Speaker 1: the extensive efforts, no family had come forward to claim her,
• 19:33
  Speaker 1: and no missing persons reports in any database matched her
• 19:37
  Speaker 1: unique combination of characteristics. So it was just heartbreaking and
• 19:42
  Speaker 1: it seemed as if no one was looking for this girl,
• 19:44
  Speaker 1: at least not in the right places. So with great reluctance,
• 19:48
  Speaker 1: Livingstone County authorities arranged for Kelly Doe's burial about a
• 19:52
  Speaker 1: year after her death, so in nineteen eighty she was
• 19:55
  Speaker 1: laid to rest in Greenmount Cemetery under a headstone that
• 19:58
  Speaker 1: read les Forget Unidentified Girl, November nineteen seventy nine and
• 20:04
  Speaker 1: flights of Angels sing thee to thy rest. The beautiful
• 20:07
  Speaker 1: Shakespearean sentiment on the stone was a promise that although
• 20:11
  Speaker 1: her name was unknown, she would not be forgotten by
• 20:14
  Speaker 1: this community. And a handful of locals and law enforcement
• 20:17
  Speaker 1: officers attended her funeral, and they were just strangers, really
• 20:21
  Speaker 1: moved by the plight of this lost girl, and John York,
• 20:25
  Speaker 1: for one, took it to heart that Caledonia had adopted
• 20:28
  Speaker 1: this nameless teenager in death and that as long as
• 20:31
  Speaker 1: he was around, she would have someone advocating for her.
• 20:34
  Speaker 1: So throughout the nineteen eighties and nineteen nineties, the Sheriff's
• 20:37
  Speaker 1: office continued to grind away at this case, checking every
• 20:41
  Speaker 1: conceivable lead, because if a teenage girl went missing anywhere
• 20:44
  Speaker 1: in the country that even remotely fit the time frame
• 20:47
  Speaker 1: and description, The team compared dental records, descriptions, just anything
• 20:51
  Speaker 1: available to see if it could be matched to Kelly
• 20:53
  Speaker 1: Joe and thousands of law enforcement agencies were contacted over
• 20:57
  Speaker 1: the years, and the case file bulged with correspondence and
• 21:01
  Speaker 1: reports from all corners of the US and even abroad,
• 21:05
  Speaker 1: as Interpol and Canadian police were alerted just in case
• 21:08
  Speaker 1: the victim was from outside the country. But still every
• 21:12
  Speaker 1: promising lead seemed to hit a dead end, and not
• 21:15
  Speaker 1: a single missing person's report lined up with Caledonia's Jane Doe.
• 21:19
  Speaker 1: It was as if she had never officially been reported
• 21:23
  Speaker 1: missing at all, which is a deeply unsettling thought that
• 21:26
  Speaker 1: implied she might have come from a troubled home or
• 21:29
  Speaker 1: transient life where no one realized or cared that she
• 21:34
  Speaker 1: was gone. But investigators didn't give up, and the case
• 21:37
  Speaker 1: even received some national media attention. A segment of the
• 21:41
  Speaker 1: Caledonia Jane Doe aired on the popular TV program America's
• 21:45
  Speaker 1: Most Wanted, and though America's Most Wanted usually focused on fugitives,
• 21:50
  Speaker 1: they sometimes featured Jane or John Doe cases to drum
• 21:53
  Speaker 1: up tips and the exposure would lead to a flurry
• 21:56
  Speaker 1: of calls and armchair detectives and psychics alike. None provided
• 22:00
  Speaker 1: the key to unlock Jane Doe's identity, so years went by,
• 22:04
  Speaker 1: and by the early two thousands, the Caledonia Jane Doe
• 22:07
  Speaker 1: case was the most extensive and expensive case in Livingston
• 22:11
  Speaker 1: County's history, having occupied countless man hours and resources, and
• 22:16
  Speaker 1: Sheriff John Yorke, true to his word, never closed the
• 22:20
  Speaker 1: case and his team carefully preserved all the evidence, from
• 22:23
  Speaker 1: the red jacket and clothing to the bullet slug and
• 22:26
  Speaker 1: the necklace, and these items remained in storage, awaiting any
• 22:30
  Speaker 1: advancement that could help solve the mystery. And one persistent
• 22:34
  Speaker 1: heartache was the idea that somewhere, surely this girl had
• 22:38
  Speaker 1: family or friends who missed her. How could it be
• 22:41
  Speaker 1: that in all these years no relative had come forward.
• 22:44
  Speaker 1: So this led to much speculation. Perhaps she had been
• 22:48
  Speaker 1: a runaway for a long time and her family assumed
• 22:52
  Speaker 1: she was living independently. Perhaps she had fallen through the
• 22:55
  Speaker 1: cracks of a foster system or had no close kin
• 22:59
  Speaker 1: to miss her. It was even possible that she might
• 23:02
  Speaker 1: have not even been from the US originally, and she
• 23:05
  Speaker 1: could be a foreign team brought to the States. So
• 23:08
  Speaker 1: investigators considered every single scenario, and they kept Kelly Do's
• 23:13
  Speaker 1: dental records and later DNA profile on file, ready to
• 23:17
  Speaker 1: compare against any new missing persons entries that might appear
• 23:20
  Speaker 1: in the evolving national database.
• 23:22
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• 23:25
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• 23:32
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• 23:50
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• 25:26
  Speaker 1: As the murder investigation dragged on without a suspect, detectives
• 25:30
  Speaker 1: also weighed the possibility that the killer might have been
• 25:33
  Speaker 1: an interstate serial offender because the late nineteen seventies and
• 25:37
  Speaker 1: early nineteen eighties saw numerous serial killers operating across the
• 25:41
  Speaker 1: country as we know, and many targeting young women and runaways.
• 25:46
  Speaker 1: And it was only natural to question if Calli Doe
• 25:48
  Speaker 1: had crossed paths with one of these predators. And in
• 25:51
  Speaker 1: nineteen eighty four, a startling development occurred, and that was
• 25:55
  Speaker 1: Henry Lee Lucas, a drifter turned notorious serial killer or
• 26:00
  Speaker 1: self proclaimed serial killer, and he confessed to murdering an
• 26:03
  Speaker 1: unidentified girl in upstate New York, a story that seemingly
• 26:08
  Speaker 1: matched the Caledonia case, and Lucas, at the time was
• 26:11
  Speaker 1: making headlines for confessing two hundreds of murders nationwide. He
• 26:16
  Speaker 1: had been arrested in Texas and in custody was unloading
• 26:20
  Speaker 1: tail after tale of homicidal exploits, some credible and many
• 26:25
  Speaker 1: others fantastical. Let me know if you want me to
• 26:27
  Speaker 1: go into Henry Lee Lucas on a different deep dive,
• 26:29
  Speaker 1: because my God, is he special And by special I
• 26:33
  Speaker 1: mean just a horrifying human being. So when Lucas mentioned
• 26:38
  Speaker 1: killing a girl in a cornfield in New York, investigators
• 26:42
  Speaker 1: had to check it out. And he even roped in
• 26:45
  Speaker 1: his companion Otis tool, which again I will deep dive
• 26:48
  Speaker 1: on him as well as Henry Le Locas climbing. They
• 26:51
  Speaker 1: were together when they picked up a girl hitchhiking near
• 26:53
  Speaker 1: Philadelphia and later shot her in a New York Cornfield's.
• 26:57
  Speaker 1: On a surface, it sounded like it could fit. Tool
• 27:00
  Speaker 1: and Lucas were known to have traveled together and had
• 27:03
  Speaker 1: been spotted in upstate New York in nineteen seventy nine,
• 27:06
  Speaker 1: So could these two infamous killers have been responsible for
• 27:09
  Speaker 1: Caledonia's jaint doe? But upon investigation, authorities found Lucas's confession
• 27:13
  Speaker 1: to be dubious at best, because Lucas was a known
• 27:17
  Speaker 1: attention seeking piece of shit who often fabricated stories to
• 27:21
  Speaker 1: gain favor or notoriety, and in this case, he failed
• 27:24
  Speaker 1: to provide specific details that weren't already public knowledge, and
• 27:29
  Speaker 1: law enforcement could not place Lucas or Tooled definitively in
• 27:33
  Speaker 1: the Caledonia area at the right time, nor find any
• 27:37
  Speaker 1: evidence beyond Lucas's own words to tie them to the crime.
• 27:40
  Speaker 1: And many of Lucas's confessions were just outright lives and
• 27:44
  Speaker 1: he was actually dubbed the confession Killer after it came
• 27:47
  Speaker 1: to light he had been falsely claiming credit for murders
• 27:50
  Speaker 1: he could not have committed, so the Texas Rangers eventually
• 27:53
  Speaker 1: had to rescind many of the two hundred plus cases
• 27:56
  Speaker 1: that they thought Lucas saw upon realizing he had been
• 27:59
  Speaker 1: fed case details and was fabricating stories altogether. In Caledonia's
• 28:04
  Speaker 1: Jane Doe was one of those false confessions, and Henry
• 28:07
  Speaker 1: Lee Lucas did not kill her, and investigators officially ruled
• 28:10
  Speaker 1: his claims not credible by the mid nineteen eighties, So
• 28:14
  Speaker 1: the brief hope that the case was solved just evaporated,
• 28:18
  Speaker 1: leaving frustration in its wake. But another serial predator that
• 28:22
  Speaker 1: came under scrutiny was Christopher Wilder, a serial killer in
• 28:26
  Speaker 1: nineteen eighty four who went on a multi state spree
• 28:29
  Speaker 1: abducting and murdering young women across the US. Now Wilder
• 28:34
  Speaker 1: had ties to both Florida and New York and was
• 28:36
  Speaker 1: known for his interest in car racing, and Sheriff York
• 28:40
  Speaker 1: at one point speculated about Wilder because the victim's racing
• 28:43
  Speaker 1: style jacket was a type Wilder might own or distribute,
• 28:48
  Speaker 1: and Wilder was actually hiding out in upstate New York
• 28:51
  Speaker 1: in mid nineteen seventy nine evading law enforcement on other charges,
• 28:56
  Speaker 1: and it's important to note that Wilder was indeed in
• 28:59
  Speaker 1: the region around the time of the murder, and the
• 29:01
  Speaker 1: scenario a pretty teen girl potentially lured by a terming
• 29:04
  Speaker 1: older man was not unlike Wylder's known modus operande. In
• 29:09
  Speaker 1: later years, however, Wilder could not be conclusively linked to
• 29:14
  Speaker 1: the Caledonia case, and tragically or conveniently, Wilder was killed
• 29:20
  Speaker 1: in a shootout with police in nineteen eighty four, which
• 29:23
  Speaker 1: meant investigators never got the chance to directly question him
• 29:26
  Speaker 1: about the case. So the Wilder angle remained speculative, intriguing,
• 29:31
  Speaker 1: but unproven and just not enough evidence. So when all
• 29:35
  Speaker 1: allegedly over sixty known serial killers and murderers were considered
• 29:40
  Speaker 1: and investigated in connection with the case, and this includes
• 29:43
  Speaker 1: the likes of Lucas and toul and numerous other violent
• 29:47
  Speaker 1: offenders who happened to be active around nineteen seventy nine,
• 29:50
  Speaker 1: and each time a serial killer was caught, the team
• 29:53
  Speaker 1: behind Calido would check their timelines, habits and known victims
• 29:56
  Speaker 1: against the details of the Cornfield murder. So every possi
• 30:00
  Speaker 1: disability was run down, and by the early two thousands,
• 30:03
  Speaker 1: after a quarter century, the case remained unsolved and the
• 30:06
  Speaker 1: victim unnamed, but it was not shelved, and investigators both
• 30:10
  Speaker 1: old and new continued to feel a sense of duty
• 30:13
  Speaker 1: about Calli Doe. In in two thousand and five, a new
• 30:16
  Speaker 1: opportunity arose because advances in forensic science were emerging that
• 30:20
  Speaker 1: had the potential to do what old fashioned detective work
• 30:23
  Speaker 1: could not, So the team prepared to leverage cutting edge
• 30:26
  Speaker 1: techniques to finally crack the identity of their Jane Doe,
• 30:30
  Speaker 1: even as a search for her killer remained a daunting challenge.
• 30:34
  Speaker 1: So by the mid two thousands, technology had caught up
• 30:37
  Speaker 1: in ways that just breathed new life into many cold cases,
• 30:41
  Speaker 1: including that of Caledonia's Jane Doe, and investigators made a
• 30:45
  Speaker 1: pivotal decision, and that was to exhume the remains of
• 30:48
  Speaker 1: Jane Doe from her grave for advanced forensic testing. So,
• 30:52
  Speaker 1: with a court order in hand, the young girl's body
• 30:54
  Speaker 1: was carefully disinterred from Greenmount Cemetery, and it had been
• 30:58
  Speaker 1: twenty six years since her burial. But modern science offered
• 31:02
  Speaker 1: capabilities that had been science fiction in nineteen seventy nine,
• 31:06
  Speaker 1: and the goal was twofold, extract a viable DNA profile
• 31:10
  Speaker 1: from her remains and apply new forensic analysis techniques like
• 31:13
  Speaker 1: isotope and pollen analysis to glean clues about her life
• 31:18
  Speaker 1: and origins, and the exhumation was successful and using bone
• 31:22
  Speaker 1: and tooth samples, forensic experts managed to extract DNA from
• 31:26
  Speaker 1: the victim's remains and this was a major breakthrough as
• 31:29
  Speaker 1: at last they had a genetic fingerprint of the girl,
• 31:33
  Speaker 1: and while this didn't instantly reveal her identity by any means,
• 31:36
  Speaker 1: it laid the groundwork for a potential future match. And
• 31:40
  Speaker 1: it also meant that if a relative of hers ever
• 31:43
  Speaker 1: entered their DNA, the system could connect the dots. So
• 31:46
  Speaker 1: having her DNA on file was lighting a beacon in
• 31:49
  Speaker 1: the darkness, basically, and now there was hope that one
• 31:53
  Speaker 1: day it might signal a match. And another advanced technique
• 31:56
  Speaker 1: applied was forensic palaeonology, the analysis of pollen and spores trapped.
• 32:02
  Speaker 2: In the victim's clothing.
• 32:04
  Speaker 1: In two thousand and six, the girl's garments, which had
• 32:07
  Speaker 1: been preserved in evidence all those years good on the cops,
• 32:10
  Speaker 1: were sent to a laboratory at Texas A and M
• 32:13
  Speaker 1: University for pollen testing, and a palinology expert examined the
• 32:17
  Speaker 1: microscopic pollen grains embedded in the fabric and the results
• 32:21
  Speaker 1: were fascinating because among the pollen types identified were oak, spruce,
• 32:26
  Speaker 1: and birch, as well as Cassarina, which is Australian pine
• 32:30
  Speaker 1: and oak trees are widespread, but spruce and birch pollen
• 32:34
  Speaker 1: was notable because those particular species are common in the
• 32:37
  Speaker 1: mountainous regions of California, not in western New York. And
• 32:42
  Speaker 1: none of the spruce or birch pollen found on her
• 32:45
  Speaker 1: was present in a control sample from the cornfield itself,
• 32:49
  Speaker 1: meaning she picked it up elsewhere. And the biggest clue
• 32:52
  Speaker 1: of all was the Australian pine pollen, because this invasive
• 32:56
  Speaker 1: tree grows in only a few places in the US,
• 33:00
  Speaker 1: pecifically South Florida, parts of South Texas, and three areas
• 33:04
  Speaker 1: of California, North Bay, San Luis, Obispo.
• 33:08
  Speaker 2: And San Diego. Deifa said any of that wrong.
• 33:11
  Speaker 1: An Australian pine cannot survive the winters in New York
• 33:14
  Speaker 1: at all, so there was no doubt the victim had
• 33:17
  Speaker 1: been in one of those warmer regions not long before
• 33:19
  Speaker 1: she died. So the pollen evidence led researchers to construct
• 33:22
  Speaker 1: a possible travel narrative, and I theorized that Jane Doe
• 33:26
  Speaker 1: may have spent a considerable amount of time in southern
• 33:29
  Speaker 1: California or Florida. Given the Australian pine pollen and the
• 33:33
  Speaker 1: presence of spruce and birch that match California mountain species,
• 33:36
  Speaker 1: suggested she might have traveled through the Sierra Nevada region
• 33:40
  Speaker 1: at some point, perhaps heading east. So the investigators imagined
• 33:44
  Speaker 1: a journey maybe starting near the San Diego area, then
• 33:48
  Speaker 1: moving through high altitude areas, picking up spruce and birch,
• 33:52
  Speaker 1: and eventually ending up in New York. Alternatively, Florida was
• 33:56
  Speaker 1: still on the table, given Australian pine flourish as there
• 34:00
  Speaker 1: and her notable sun tan lines, and in twenty twelve,
• 34:03
  Speaker 1: a re examination of the pollen data reconfirmed that only California,
• 34:07
  Speaker 1: Arizona or Florida made sense as points of origin. In fact,
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: science was echoing what the tan lines had first whispered,
• 34:15
  Speaker 1: and that was that this girl came from far away,
• 34:18
  Speaker 1: and alongside pollen, isotopic analysis was performed on her teeth
• 34:22
  Speaker 1: and bones, and this technique analyzes chemical signatures like ratios
• 34:27
  Speaker 1: of oxygen isotopes embedded in one's body that vary according
• 34:30
  Speaker 1: to regional water supplies and diet, which is extremely interesting,
• 34:35
  Speaker 1: and the early isotope tests on her tooth enamel indicated
• 34:38
  Speaker 1: she likely spent her early childhood in the southern or
• 34:41
  Speaker 1: southwestern United States, and later bone isotope analysis further supported
• 34:46
  Speaker 1: that her life history included significant time in a warm
• 34:50
  Speaker 1: climate region. So these subtle chemical clues aligned neatly with
• 34:54
  Speaker 1: the pollen findings, pointing investigators to look west or south
• 34:58
  Speaker 1: of New York when considering her identity. But the two
• 35:01
  Speaker 1: thousand and five to two thousand and six forensic push
• 35:03
  Speaker 1: didn't stop there, and the Sheriff's office also engaged a
• 35:07
  Speaker 1: forensic artist to help with a new facial reconstruction of
• 35:11
  Speaker 1: Jane Doe, and in twenty ten, an artist named Carl
• 35:14
  Speaker 1: Kopelman volunteered his skills to draw a lifelike reconstruction of
• 35:19
  Speaker 1: the girl's face, and Copelman used the Morgue photos and
• 35:22
  Speaker 1: autopsy measurements to create a color portrait that captured how
• 35:26
  Speaker 1: Jane Doe might have looked in life, a pretty teen
• 35:29
  Speaker 1: with feathered, light brown hair, soft features, and a slight smile.
• 35:34
  Speaker 1: And he even drew her wearing a red jacket and
• 35:36
  Speaker 1: turquoise necklace, as she had been found to jog recognition.
• 35:41
  Speaker 1: So this reconstruction was uploaded to the online databases, including
• 35:45
  Speaker 1: non US, which by twenty ten had become a crucial
• 35:49
  Speaker 1: tool for matching missing and unidentified cases, and non US
• 35:52
  Speaker 1: allowed the public in law enforcement to access case profiles.
• 35:56
  Speaker 1: So for the first time, Kelly Doe's information, physical staff charts,
• 36:00
  Speaker 1: DNA availability, and Calli's new portrait were all there on
• 36:05
  Speaker 1: the Internet where anyone could stumble upon it and potentially
• 36:08
  Speaker 1: make a connection. So these forensic advancements were a huge
• 36:12
  Speaker 1: leaps forward, and by twenty ten, investigators knew much more
• 36:16
  Speaker 1: about Jane Doe. She was almost certainly from a sunny
• 36:20
  Speaker 1: southern or southwestern state, had likely traveled cross country, and
• 36:24
  Speaker 1: had DNA and facial images available in national systems. But still,
• 36:29
  Speaker 1: for all this progress, she frustratingly remained nameless. She was
• 36:34
  Speaker 1: a girl with a story written in her bones and clothes,
• 36:38
  Speaker 1: but her name was still missing from the narrative. And
• 36:40
  Speaker 1: what the Sheriff's Department could not have predicted was that
• 36:43
  Speaker 1: the final pieces of the puzzle would come not just
• 36:46
  Speaker 1: from science, but from the emergence of a new kind
• 36:49
  Speaker 1: of detective. Because while the forensic experts were hard at
• 36:53
  Speaker 1: work in the labs, a parallel effort was growing on
• 36:56
  Speaker 1: message boards and websites, where amateur crime buffs took up
• 37:00
  Speaker 1: the case of identifying Jane Doe. So the stage was
• 37:03
  Speaker 1: set for the worlds of law enforcement and crowdsourced slothing
• 37:07
  Speaker 1: to collide, and by the early two thousands, as the
• 37:10
  Speaker 1: Caledonia Jane Doe investigation embraced new forensic techniques, another powerful
• 37:16
  Speaker 1: tool was coming into play, and that was the Internet,
• 37:19
  Speaker 1: and true crime forums and online communities were forming and
• 37:22
  Speaker 1: bringing together enthusiasts and amateur detectives from around the world,
• 37:26
  Speaker 1: and these web sloths found each other on sites like
• 37:30
  Speaker 1: webslues dot com, Doe Network and later on Reddit, pooling
• 37:34
  Speaker 1: information on cold cases in unidentified remains, and the mystery
• 37:38
  Speaker 1: of Calido naturally drew the attention of the growing community,
• 37:42
  Speaker 1: and her case became one of the most talked about
• 37:44
  Speaker 1: unsolved Jane Doe cases online, captivating a generation of armchair
• 37:48
  Speaker 1: detectives determined to help where official investigations had stalled. So
• 37:53
  Speaker 1: on websluth dot com, a massive thread dedicated to Caledonia
• 37:57
  Speaker 1: Jane Doe case was started as early as the early
• 37:59
  Speaker 1: two thousands, and over the years it grew to over
• 38:02
  Speaker 1: one hundred pages of discussion, theories and painstaking research, and
• 38:07
  Speaker 1: users poured over every available detail, the clothing, the key chains,
• 38:12
  Speaker 1: the dinner sightings, the forensic clues, and the forum members
• 38:16
  Speaker 1: collaborated to generate hypotheses about Jane Doe's identity and background,
• 38:21
  Speaker 1: and one of the most dedicated contributors was Karl Kopelmann
• 38:24
  Speaker 1: and Copelelman discovered the Cali Dough case through web sluice
• 38:27
  Speaker 1: in the late two thousands and became fascinated. He was
• 38:31
  Speaker 1: a professional accountant by day, but he volunteered countless hours
• 38:34
  Speaker 1: to help identify missing persons and does and the web
• 38:37
  Speaker 1: sluice community also kept the case alive in the public
• 38:40
  Speaker 1: eye and it was a remarkable crowdsourcing effort years before
• 38:44
  Speaker 1: crowdsourcing became a buzzword. And what made the web sluice
• 38:47
  Speaker 1: era special was not only the theorizing, but the bridge it
• 38:51
  Speaker 1: formed between the public and law enforcement. Was By the
• 38:54
  Speaker 1: twenty tens, some investigators were watching these forums and in
• 38:58
  Speaker 1: certain cases even to directly engaging or seeking help from
• 39:02
  Speaker 1: citizen sleuths, and the Doe network worked in parallel logging
• 39:06
  Speaker 1: the Caledonia Jane Doe as case file one, UF and Y.
• 39:12
  Speaker 1: So the synergy of official forensic data and crowd driven
• 39:15
  Speaker 1: research created an environment ripe for a breakthrough. So the
• 39:19
  Speaker 1: case that had languished for so long was about to
• 39:21
  Speaker 1: be cracked open by the unlikeliest of alliances, a persistent
• 39:26
  Speaker 1: high school friend with an aching question, a volunteer web
• 39:30
  Speaker 1: sleuth with an eye for faces, and detectives willing to listen.
• 39:33
  Speaker 1: So the online community's collaborative efforts produced several compelling theories
• 39:38
  Speaker 1: about Jane Doe's identity and life history, many of which
• 39:41
  Speaker 1: we have briefly discussed. First, that she was a Florida
• 39:44
  Speaker 1: runaway from a troubled home. Many noted the victims deep
• 39:47
  Speaker 1: tan lines of bikini lines and posited that she came
• 39:50
  Speaker 1: from a warm, sunny state like Florida. Next, that she
• 39:54
  Speaker 1: was from California or a West Coast traveler, given the
• 39:57
  Speaker 1: pollen evidence of Australian pine and mountain spruces, and some
• 40:00
  Speaker 1: sleuths believed she had spent time on the West Coast.
• 40:03
  Speaker 1: Also that she was a victim of opportunity versus a
• 40:07
  Speaker 1: known assailant, as debate raged whether her killer was a
• 40:10
  Speaker 1: stranger like a trucker or serial killer picking up a
• 40:13
  Speaker 1: random hitchhiker or someone she knew, like a travel companion
• 40:17
  Speaker 1: or a boyfriend. But the fact that she ate dinner
• 40:20
  Speaker 1: with the man and seemed at ease suggested to some
• 40:23
  Speaker 1: that she might have trusted him, at least initially, but
• 40:26
  Speaker 1: others argued that hitchhikers often accept meals from kind strangers,
• 40:30
  Speaker 1: so it could still have been a chance encounter turned deadly,
• 40:34
  Speaker 1: and the lack of obvious defensive wounds or made the
• 40:37
  Speaker 1: motive a mystery, and the Web sleus floated ideas from
• 40:41
  Speaker 1: a botched robbery to the man making in advance she rejected,
• 40:45
  Speaker 1: leading to rage. And then there's the failed identification due
• 40:48
  Speaker 1: to reporting lapses, because some of the savvier Web sleuth
• 40:51
  Speaker 1: members began to suspect that the reason Jane Doe hadn't
• 40:55
  Speaker 1: been identified was that no official missing person's report was
• 40:59
  Speaker 1: active for her, and this was possible as families don't
• 41:02
  Speaker 1: report a runaway because they assume she left intentionally, or
• 41:05
  Speaker 1: reports get lost in the shuffle, and this theory would
• 41:08
  Speaker 1: prove incredibly predictive. Essentially, they were searching for someone who
• 41:12
  Speaker 1: should have been reported missing but wasn't, so This was
• 41:15
  Speaker 1: an ambitious and difficult task, finding a void rather than
• 41:19
  Speaker 1: a record. But through all of this, the web sleuth's
• 41:21
  Speaker 1: community kept the case alive and in some ways prepared
• 41:25
  Speaker 1: the ground for the final breakthrough because they had a
• 41:28
  Speaker 1: mass a wealth of knowledge, and a list of possible names,
• 41:32
  Speaker 1: and one name in particular was about to emerge from
• 41:35
  Speaker 1: obscurity brought up by those who knew and cared for
• 41:38
  Speaker 1: the girl back when she was alive, and the collaborative
• 41:42
  Speaker 1: spirit of the Internet slews was about to intersect with
• 41:45
  Speaker 1: a very real missing person search initiated by someone from
• 41:49
  Speaker 1: the victim's past, proving that the boundary between amateur and
• 41:52
  Speaker 1: professional detective work can sometimes blur to great effect. So
• 41:57
  Speaker 1: the long awaited breakthrough in the case began with someone
• 42:00
  Speaker 1: who remembered and missed the girl who had vanished so
• 42:03
  Speaker 1: many years ago. And in the early twenty tens, a
• 42:06
  Speaker 1: woman named Laurel now Well started wondering about her old
• 42:09
  Speaker 1: high school friend in her Nando County, Florida, and the
• 42:13
  Speaker 1: friend's name was Tammy. Joe Alexander and Laurel and Tammy
• 42:17
  Speaker 1: had been close in their early teens, but Tammy had
• 42:19
  Speaker 1: dropped out of sight by the end of the seventies,
• 42:22
  Speaker 1: and Laurel searched for Tammy on Facebook and other sites,
• 42:25
  Speaker 1: but found nothing, so concern grew. Could her bubbly, adventurous
• 42:30
  Speaker 1: friend from youth really have just disappeared on the face
• 42:33
  Speaker 1: of the earth. So Laurel reached out and eventually connected
• 42:36
  Speaker 1: with Pamela Dyson, Tammy Joe's half sister, who still lived
• 42:39
  Speaker 1: in Florida, and Laurel discovered something shocking. No one in
• 42:44
  Speaker 1: Tammy's family had heard from her since the late nineteen seventies,
• 42:48
  Speaker 1: and Pamela had long assumed Tammy had simply run away
• 42:51
  Speaker 1: to start a new life. Since Tammy had a history
• 42:54
  Speaker 1: of short disappearances, maybe she had gotten married, or maybe
• 42:58
  Speaker 1: she had kids somewhere and their mother, Barbara, had apparently
• 43:01
  Speaker 1: told police Tammy was missing back around nineteen seventy nine,
• 43:05
  Speaker 1: but because Tammy was known to hitchhike and vanish, local
• 43:09
  Speaker 1: police didn't take it seriously, and Pamela and Laurel's inquiries
• 43:12
  Speaker 1: in twenty fourteen uncovered a bureaucratic failure because the Hernando
• 43:17
  Speaker 1: County Sheriff's office had no record of any missing person
• 43:21
  Speaker 1: report or Tammy Joe. It seemed any initial report had
• 43:25
  Speaker 1: been lost or never properly logged. In essence, Tammy was
• 43:29
  Speaker 1: never officially listed as a missing person anywhere, so, realizing
• 43:34
  Speaker 1: this egregious oversight, in August twenty fourteen, the Hernando County
• 43:37
  Speaker 1: Sheriff's Office filed a fresh missing person's report for Tammy
• 43:41
  Speaker 1: Joe Alexander, and this marked the first time her name
• 43:44
  Speaker 1: entered the national database as a missing teen. And now
• 43:48
  Speaker 1: at last, Tammy was on the radar of systems like
• 43:51
  Speaker 1: non US and NCIC, albeit many years too late. But
• 43:56
  Speaker 1: fate and internet slews soon intertwined, and when Tammy's new
• 44:00
  Speaker 1: missing person's profile, complete with an old high school yearbook photo,
• 44:04
  Speaker 1: was added to non US in late twenty fourteen, it
• 44:06
  Speaker 1: caught the eye of Carl Kopelman, who again had been
• 44:10
  Speaker 1: deeply involved in the Caledonia Jane Doe case and had
• 44:13
  Speaker 1: sketched Calli Doe's portrait years prior, and at the time
• 44:17
  Speaker 1: he was not only a web sluice moderator but also
• 44:20
  Speaker 1: actively monitoring non US for new cases. God bless this man,
• 44:25
  Speaker 1: and in September twenty fourteen, Carl saw Tammy's listening a
• 44:29
  Speaker 1: teen missing from Florida since nineteen seventy nine and froze
• 44:32
  Speaker 1: in recognition. The high cheekbones, the curve of the eyebrows,
• 44:36
  Speaker 1: the wavy, light brown hair, or the hint of highlights.
• 44:39
  Speaker 1: It all looked strikingly like the Cali do he had drawn,
• 44:44
  Speaker 1: and Carl later said, quote the very moment I saw
• 44:47
  Speaker 1: her photo, it clicked that was Caledonia Jane Doe unquote.
• 44:52
  Speaker 1: All those hours studying Jane Doe's features for the reconstruction
• 44:56
  Speaker 1: had paid off, and Carl Copleman didn't waste second and
• 45:00
  Speaker 1: on September twentieth, twenty fourteen, he emailed his contacts at
• 45:04
  Speaker 1: the Livingston County Sheriff's office alerting them that the newly
• 45:07
  Speaker 1: listed missing girl from Florida, Tammy Joe Alexander, was their
• 45:11
  Speaker 1: long identified Caledonia victim, and he c sed non US
• 45:15
  Speaker 1: regional administrators and the Hernando County authorities in Florida, effectively
• 45:20
  Speaker 1: connecting all the necessary parties, and in his message, Carl
• 45:24
  Speaker 1: likely laid out the key resemblances and circumstantial fits. Tammy's
• 45:29
  Speaker 1: age sixteen in nineteen seventy nine, matching Jane Doe's estimated
• 45:33
  Speaker 1: age for disappearance timeframe Spring nineteen seventy nine, which fits
• 45:37
  Speaker 1: her death in November of nineteen seventy nine, for Florida
• 45:40
  Speaker 1: origin aligning with ten lines and pollen hints, and the
• 45:43
  Speaker 1: high school photo that looked just like a younger version
• 45:47
  Speaker 1: of Calli Doe. The law enforcement officials on both ends
• 45:51
  Speaker 1: took this tip very seriously, and after thirty five years
• 45:54
  Speaker 1: of dead ends, it seemed almost unbelievable that a volunteer
• 45:58
  Speaker 1: web sleuth might have solved it, but the logic was compelling,
• 46:02
  Speaker 1: and Livingston County Sheriff's Thomas Daughtry's team contacted Pamela Dyson,
• 46:07
  Speaker 1: Tammy's half sister, and arranged to collect a DNA sample
• 46:10
  Speaker 1: for comparison, and by late twenty fourteen, that sample was
• 46:13
  Speaker 1: sent to a lab to perform a mitochondrial DNA test
• 46:17
  Speaker 1: or mt DNA, which can confirm maternal line relatives, and meanwhile,
• 46:22
  Speaker 1: investigators pieced together Tammy's path and family confirmed she had
• 46:26
  Speaker 1: run away from home sometime in nineteen seventy nine and
• 46:29
  Speaker 1: never returned, and an ex boyfriend verified the last time
• 46:33
  Speaker 1: he saw her was in the spring of nineteen seventy nine,
• 46:36
  Speaker 1: and she essentially vanished after that, and all of it
• 46:39
  Speaker 1: fit with the timeline of Callie Doe showing up dead
• 46:42
  Speaker 1: in New York in November that year, so as twenty
• 46:44
  Speaker 1: fifteen donned, anticipation built, and in January of twenty fifteen,
• 46:49
  Speaker 1: the results finally came in and the mitochondrial DNA from
• 46:53
  Speaker 1: Jane Doe matched Pamela Dyson's DNA, so the unidentified girl
• 46:58
  Speaker 1: was indeed Tammy Joe all Xander. The long lost teenager
• 47:02
  Speaker 1: had her name restored, and authorities kept the news under
• 47:05
  Speaker 1: wraps for a few days to notify family and prepare,
• 47:09
  Speaker 1: and on January twenty sixth, twenty fifteen, former Sheriff York
• 47:12
  Speaker 1: held a press conference and delivered the incredible news Caledonia's
• 47:17
  Speaker 1: Jane Doe had a name, and after over thirty five years,
• 47:21
  Speaker 1: one of the nation's most enduring Jane Doe mysteries was
• 47:24
  Speaker 1: solved and the room filled with triumph and poignancy. An investigators,
• 47:29
  Speaker 1: some on the case since day one, felt relief and emotion,
• 47:33
  Speaker 1: and Sheriff Daughtry voiced what everyone felt, quote to be
• 47:37
  Speaker 1: able to put a name on her, I can't even
• 47:40
  Speaker 1: tell you what it means. We've always said one of
• 47:42
  Speaker 1: the biggest parts of solving this case is knowing the
• 47:45
  Speaker 1: victim unquote. So at long last they knew the victim
• 47:49
  Speaker 1: Tammy Joe Alexander, a sixteen year old girl from Florida.
• 47:52
  Speaker 1: So with the DNA confirmation in hand, the authorities could
• 47:55
  Speaker 1: finally close the chapter on Jane Doe and open a
• 47:59
  Speaker 1: new one sent on Tammy Joe Alexander. And for Tammy's
• 48:03
  Speaker 1: family and friends, the revelation was bittersweet, and Pamela Dyson
• 48:07
  Speaker 1: and Laurel now Well, the sister and friend who had
• 48:10
  Speaker 1: initiated the search, were grateful for answers, but devastated by
• 48:14
  Speaker 1: the reality of Tammy's fate. And Pamela had spent years
• 48:17
  Speaker 1: holding on to a hopeful image that Tammy was out
• 48:20
  Speaker 1: there just living a happy life, and the truth that
• 48:23
  Speaker 1: Tammy had been dead the entire time, killed brutally as
• 48:28
  Speaker 1: a teenager was crushing, and Pamela would say, quote, I'm
• 48:32
  Speaker 1: truly glad for the closure, but it hurts to know
• 48:34
  Speaker 1: she died that way. It's terrible. Nobody should have to
• 48:37
  Speaker 1: be shot and dragged out into the woods unquote. So
• 48:41
  Speaker 1: Livingston County officials swiftly moved to give Tammy the dignity
• 48:44
  Speaker 1: and death she had been denied for so long, and
• 48:47
  Speaker 1: the humble grave in Dansville that had borne the inscription
• 48:51
  Speaker 1: un identified girl was finally going to carry Tammy's name,
• 48:54
  Speaker 1: and a local funeral home actually donated a new headstone
• 48:57
  Speaker 1: with her full name and dates nineteen sixty three to
• 49:00
  Speaker 1: nineteen seventy nine, and on June tenth, twenty fifteen, a
• 49:03
  Speaker 1: ceremony was held where the new Tammy Joe Alexander headstone
• 49:08
  Speaker 1: was unfailed and about one hundred people attended, including family members, townsfolk,
• 49:12
  Speaker 1: and law enforcement, symbolizing how Tammy had bridged communities thousands
• 49:17
  Speaker 1: of miles apart, and the sheriff's deputies and townspeople who
• 49:20
  Speaker 1: had cared for their Jane Doe all those years were
• 49:24
  Speaker 1: finally able to address her by name and formally pay
• 49:27
  Speaker 1: their respects. And Carl Koppelman even flew out from California
• 49:31
  Speaker 1: to attend, and he felt a profound connection to Tammy
• 49:34
  Speaker 1: and was honored to stand by as her name was
• 49:37
  Speaker 1: rightfully returned. And Tammy's family expressed a deep gratitude toward
• 49:41
  Speaker 1: the Livingston County community for never forgetting her, and they
• 49:44
  Speaker 1: thanked officers like John York and Thomas Daughtry and the
• 49:47
  Speaker 1: citizens who kept flowers on her grave and kept her
• 49:50
  Speaker 1: story alive. And Pamela Dyson became an advocate for missing persons,
• 49:55
  Speaker 1: urging families of missing loved ones to enter their information
• 49:58
  Speaker 1: into non US and others databases, and she emphasized that
• 50:02
  Speaker 1: the database was critical in achieving her sister's identification, but
• 50:06
  Speaker 1: her message was powerful. Had Laurel and Pamela not realized
• 50:09
  Speaker 1: Tammy wasn't listed anywhere and taken action, she might still
• 50:13
  Speaker 1: be a Jane Doe today. So their initiative, combined with
• 50:16
  Speaker 1: the Internet and Carl's sharp eyes, had finally broken the
• 50:19
  Speaker 1: case and the repel effects of Tammy's identification were felt
• 50:23
  Speaker 1: far and wide, and the FBI and law enforcement hoped
• 50:26
  Speaker 1: that the high profile success would encourage more collaboration with
• 50:29
  Speaker 1: amateur sleuth communities and Saint John Fisher College residence scholar
• 50:34
  Speaker 1: in Media Thomas Paretti noted that without the Internet and
• 50:38
  Speaker 1: social media, this case might never have been solved, saying quote,
• 50:42
  Speaker 1: I really do think this played a critical role in
• 50:44
  Speaker 1: putting the pieces together, because, as you know, cold cases
• 50:47
  Speaker 1: each day get more and more difficult to solve. It's
• 50:50
  Speaker 1: kind of like they're two icebergs going in the opposite direction.
• 50:54
  Speaker 1: What social media allowed this to do is bring the
• 50:57
  Speaker 1: two icebergs back together unquote, re saying how Tammy's Missing
• 51:01
  Speaker 1: Persons listing and the Jane Doe case converged online and
• 51:05
  Speaker 1: the case became a shining example of the positive power
• 51:08
  Speaker 1: of social media and crowdsourced investigations in solving cold cases. However,
• 51:13
  Speaker 1: while one mystery, Tammy's identity, was resolved, another part of
• 51:17
  Speaker 1: the squary was far from over was who killed Tammy
• 51:21
  Speaker 1: Joe Alexander. And with her name known and her background
• 51:24
  Speaker 1: coming to light, investigators redoubled their efforts on the homicide itself,
• 51:29
  Speaker 1: and Sheriff Daughtry noted that identifying the victim is a
• 51:32
  Speaker 1: huge part of solving a murder, but now they had
• 51:35
  Speaker 1: to find the killer, so the focus shifted from who
• 51:38
  Speaker 1: is she to who was she and who did this
• 51:41
  Speaker 1: to her? So the investigation entered a new phase, buoyed
• 51:45
  Speaker 1: by fresh leads that emerged once Tammy's past was uncovered
• 51:49
  Speaker 1: and the clock had been turned back to nineteen seventy nine,
• 51:52
  Speaker 1: reconstructing Tammy's final months on Earth, and the hope was
• 51:56
  Speaker 1: that clues from her life in Florida and her journey
• 51:58
  Speaker 1: north could point to a suspect who had remained hidden
• 52:01
  Speaker 1: all this time. So, with Tammy Joe Alexander's identity now known,
• 52:06
  Speaker 1: a troubling story of her life began to emerge, one that,
• 52:10
  Speaker 1: in hindsight, made it perhaps less surprising that she slipped
• 52:13
  Speaker 1: through the cracks for so long. So Tammy's background was
• 52:16
  Speaker 1: marked by instability, heartbreak, and yearning for escape, which tragically
• 52:22
  Speaker 1: set the stage for her fateful journey. So Tammy was
• 52:25
  Speaker 1: born on November two, nineteen sixty three, in Atlanta, Georgia,
• 52:29
  Speaker 1: and her early childhood in Georgia is less documented, but
• 52:33
  Speaker 1: by the mid nineteen seventies she was living in Brooksville, Florida,
• 52:36
  Speaker 1: a small town about fifty miles north of Tampa, and
• 52:39
  Speaker 1: Tammy's family life was, by all accounts, tumultuous. Her mother,
• 52:43
  Speaker 1: Barbara Jenkins, struggled with severe personal issues. She was addicted
• 52:47
  Speaker 1: to prescription drugs and had intense emotional problems described as volatile,
• 52:53
  Speaker 1: erupting into temper tantrums. And Tammy's biological father was not
• 52:57
  Speaker 1: in the picture at all, and Barbara remarried, giving Tammy
• 53:01
  Speaker 1: a stepfather in the home and Tammy had an older
• 53:04
  Speaker 1: half sister, Pamela Pamela Dyson, but Pamela had a different
• 53:08
  Speaker 1: father and left to live with her paternal grandmother when
• 53:10
  Speaker 1: Pamela was around eleven, So this means by about nineteen
• 53:14
  Speaker 1: seventy two or nineteen seventy three, Pamela was out of
• 53:17
  Speaker 1: the household and young Tammy was left essentially as an
• 53:21
  Speaker 1: only child in a very unhealthy home environment, and Pamela
• 53:25
  Speaker 1: later said that their mother put Joan Crawford to shame
• 53:29
  Speaker 1: in terms of anger and referencing the allegedly notoriously abusive
• 53:35
  Speaker 1: Hollywood mother depicted in Mommy Dearest. So it just paints
• 53:38
  Speaker 1: a picture of how Tammy growing up in a home
• 53:41
  Speaker 1: where love was scarce and chaos was plenty. And given
• 53:45
  Speaker 1: these conditions, it's not surprising that Tammy had a history
• 53:48
  Speaker 1: of running away during her teenage years. She was just
• 53:51
  Speaker 1: searching for freedom and adventure and likely just peace away
• 53:56
  Speaker 1: from this turmoil. And when she was around fifteen, Tammy
• 53:59
  Speaker 1: and her close friend Laurel now Well started doing what
• 54:03
  Speaker 1: many restless teens did in Florida, and that was hitchhiking
• 54:06
  Speaker 1: rides with truckers and traveling to see the rest of
• 54:10
  Speaker 1: the world, and in one incredible episode, Laurel and Tammy
• 54:14
  Speaker 1: daringly thumbed their way all the way to California in
• 54:17
  Speaker 1: nineteen seventy eight and two fifteen year old girls on
• 54:20
  Speaker 1: the road crossing the country. It's unfathomable, especially nowadays, but
• 54:26
  Speaker 1: it happened, and when they reached Los Angeles, Laurel became
• 54:29
  Speaker 1: scared and called her parents back in Florida, and her
• 54:32
  Speaker 1: shocked parents bought plane tickets for both girls to fly home,
• 54:35
  Speaker 1: bringing that runaway adventure to an end. That incident shows
• 54:39
  Speaker 1: both Tammy's courageous, impulsive spirit and the lack of strong
• 54:43
  Speaker 1: parental anchors because other people's parents had to wheel them
• 54:47
  Speaker 1: back in and back in Florida. Tammy didn't remain put
• 54:50
  Speaker 1: for long. She worked as a waitress at a truck
• 54:53
  Speaker 1: stop cafe with her mother during her midteens, and this
• 54:56
  Speaker 1: truck stop connection is significant as it put Tammy in
• 55:00
  Speaker 1: daily contact with truck drivers and travelers crisscrossing the country,
• 55:04
  Speaker 1: and she likely heard stories of distant places and had
• 55:08
  Speaker 1: ample opportunity to catch rides or plan escapes. And according
• 55:12
  Speaker 1: to secondary sources citing the New York Daily News, Tammy
• 55:15
  Speaker 1: Joe Alexander was described as being an experienced hitchhiker by
• 55:19
  Speaker 1: age fifteen and having caught rides with long haul truckers
• 55:23
  Speaker 1: while working at a truck stop cafe near home.
• 55:26
  Speaker 2: So by nineteen seventy nine.
• 55:27
  Speaker 1: Tammy had both the itch to leave and the network
• 55:30
  Speaker 1: truckers and fellow runaways to facilitate it, and multiple accounts
• 55:35
  Speaker 1: from family and friends described Tammy as a friendly, outgoing
• 55:38
  Speaker 1: girl despite her home life. Quote, people were just rawn
• 55:41
  Speaker 1: to her unquote. Laurel recalled remembering Tammy's bright smile and
• 55:46
  Speaker 1: bubbly personality, but behind the warmth was a desperation to
• 55:50
  Speaker 1: get away from her mother's boots, and Pamela Dyson, the
• 55:53
  Speaker 1: half sister, summarized it, quote, I believe Tammy left to
• 55:57
  Speaker 1: escape a turbulent household unquote. And indeed Pamela felt guilt later,
• 56:02
  Speaker 1: wondering if she'd stayed in home longer, could she have
• 56:06
  Speaker 1: protected Tammy or convinced her to stick out. But Pamela
• 56:10
  Speaker 1: had been just a kid herself, which she fled to
• 56:12
  Speaker 1: her grandma's house. So by early nineteen seventy nine, Tammy
• 56:15
  Speaker 1: was fifteen going on sixteen and seemingly reaching a breaking point,
• 56:20
  Speaker 1: and at one stage that year, records show Tammy ended
• 56:23
  Speaker 1: up at the Rainbow Youth Ranch, also referred to as
• 56:26
  Speaker 1: a prison Ministry in Young Harris, Georgia, and this was
• 56:31
  Speaker 1: essentially a Christian residential program in the mountains of northern
• 56:34
  Speaker 1: Georgia aimed at helping troubled teens or those who had
• 56:37
  Speaker 1: brushes with the law. And it's not entirely clear how
• 56:40
  Speaker 1: Tammy got there, but one theory is that juvenile court
• 56:44
  Speaker 1: or social service placed her there to get her away
• 56:47
  Speaker 1: from the bad environment, perhaps after a runaway incident or
• 56:51
  Speaker 1: minor delinquency, or her family might have sent her hoping
• 56:54
  Speaker 1: it would help reform her.
• 56:56
  Speaker 2: And the stay at the.
• 56:57
  Speaker 1: Ranch was in the summer of nineteen seven, and we
• 57:01
  Speaker 1: know this because of the remarkable audio tapes that surfaced later,
• 57:05
  Speaker 1: because in July nineteen seventy nine, Tammy recorded a cassette
• 57:08
  Speaker 1: tape of messages and songs, which she mailed it to
• 57:12
  Speaker 1: her boyfriend back home in Florida while she was at
• 57:15
  Speaker 1: the Georgia Ministry, and on that tape, Tammy's voice is
• 57:19
  Speaker 1: upbeat and hopeful, and she sounds, as her sister later said,
• 57:22
  Speaker 1: like she still had a positive attitude and warmth despite everything,
• 57:28
  Speaker 1: and it's heartrending to listen knowing what fate awaited her
• 57:32
  Speaker 1: just months later.
• 57:33
  Speaker 4: Hiyaa now, so you take care and be careful. So
• 57:40
  Speaker 4: that's cool, And I canna post called it does moon
• 57:45
  Speaker 4: over Miami, the alarum lute beauty of moonrise, shimmering of
• 57:51
  Speaker 4: the Atlantic Ocean in Florida. That two palm trees, the moon,
• 57:57
  Speaker 4: the ocean and a girl now like shirt but can't
• 58:02
  Speaker 4: anna ed moon beautiful beautiful. Yeah.
• 58:12
  Speaker 1: So by the end of the summer of nineteen seventy nine,
• 58:15
  Speaker 1: she either returned to Florida or left the ranch on
• 58:18
  Speaker 1: her own accord. And what we know is that at
• 58:20
  Speaker 1: some point in autumn of nineteen seventy nine, Tammy Joe
• 58:24
  Speaker 1: Alexander shruck out on the road again, and this time
• 58:28
  Speaker 1: were good and her exact movements are still a bit
• 58:30
  Speaker 1: of a jigsaw puzzle, but investigators have pieced together some
• 58:34
  Speaker 1: of it. And at sixteen, Tammy had her whole life
• 58:36
  Speaker 1: ahead of her, but she chose to take a chance
• 58:39
  Speaker 1: at a different life than the one she'd known, and
• 58:42
  Speaker 1: it appears Tammy left Brooksville likely in early fall of
• 58:45
  Speaker 1: nineteen seventy nine, and her high school boyfriend, a young
• 58:48
  Speaker 1: man named Kevin. The ones who kept her tapes last
• 58:52
  Speaker 1: saw her in the spring of seventy nine, so by
• 58:55
  Speaker 1: the new school year she wasn't around and perhaps after
• 58:58
  Speaker 1: turning sixteen in November of nineteen seventy nine, she had
• 59:01
  Speaker 1: hoped to celebrate freedom, but instead, by early November, she
• 59:04
  Speaker 1: had somehow traveled roughly eleven hundred miles from Florida to
• 59:07
  Speaker 1: upstate New York. So how did Tammy go from Florida
• 59:11
  Speaker 1: to New York? But as mentioned before, given her history,
• 59:14
  Speaker 1: the most plausible scenario is she hitchhiked rides with truckers
• 59:18
  Speaker 1: or other travelers heading north, and it's possible she might
• 59:22
  Speaker 1: have made a friend or met someone maybe even a
• 59:25
  Speaker 1: boyfriend type, at the Georgia Ranch or elsewhere who was
• 59:28
  Speaker 1: traveling and she just joined them. And Tammy is believed
• 59:31
  Speaker 1: by police to have had a last meal at the
• 59:34
  Speaker 1: Lima Diner on November ninth, nineteen seventy nine, with an
• 59:37
  Speaker 1: unknown man, and she likely arrived in the region not
• 59:40
  Speaker 1: long before, so it's conceivable she was making her way
• 59:44
  Speaker 1: toward the big city, maybe Boston or Canada. Given the
• 59:48
  Speaker 1: hitchhiking to Boston mentioned and just happened to cross paths
• 59:52
  Speaker 1: with a predator, or maybe she had some plan to
• 59:55
  Speaker 1: stay with someone that fell through. We might never know
• 59:58
  Speaker 1: for sure why Tammy was in Caledonia, but tragically, within
• 1:00:03
  Speaker 1: perhaps twenty four hours of being in that area, she
• 1:00:06
  Speaker 1: was killed. And one heartbreaking detail that came out after
• 1:00:10
  Speaker 1: Tammy was identified was that her mother, Barbara Jenkins, died
• 1:00:14
  Speaker 1: in nineteen ninety eight at the age of fifty six,
• 1:00:17
  Speaker 1: and in Barbara's obituary, the family listed Tammy Joe Alexander
• 1:00:21
  Speaker 1: as deceased and that had no proof, but by then,
• 1:00:25
  Speaker 1: almost twenty years after Tammy's disappearance, they assumed she must
• 1:00:29
  Speaker 1: have died because she never contacted anyone, And it's unclear
• 1:00:34
  Speaker 1: if Barbara truly believed that or if it was a
• 1:00:37
  Speaker 1: way to find closure, and Barbara went to her grave
• 1:00:40
  Speaker 1: not knowing for sure what happened to her daughter. It's
• 1:00:44
  Speaker 1: a tragic footnote in a tragic story, and a troubled
• 1:00:47
  Speaker 1: mother who lost her troubled daughter and never got answers
• 1:00:51
  Speaker 1: for Pamela. She said until identification, she held onto a
• 1:00:55
  Speaker 1: fantasy that Tammy found what they never had At home
• 1:00:58
  Speaker 1: and that was stability and love and learning the truth
• 1:01:01
  Speaker 1: in twenty fifteen just shattered that dream, but at least
• 1:01:04
  Speaker 1: it ended the uncertainty and allowed the family to properly
• 1:01:07
  Speaker 1: mourn Tammy. So Tammy's background is one of a girl
• 1:01:11
  Speaker 1: failed by those who should have protected her, who then
• 1:01:14
  Speaker 1: took her fate into her own hands with youthful bravado,
• 1:01:18
  Speaker 1: and she chased freedom and adventure, but unfortunately ran headlong
• 1:01:22
  Speaker 1: into deadly danger. So her story resonates as a cautionary
• 1:01:26
  Speaker 1: tale of the era, and the nineteen seventies had many
• 1:01:29
  Speaker 1: lost teens like Tammy who ran from bad homes only
• 1:01:34
  Speaker 1: to face worse on the road, and it just underscores
• 1:01:38
  Speaker 1: why in the wake of Tammy's case, systems for reporting
• 1:01:41
  Speaker 1: and tracking missing children have improved, and in nineteen seventy
• 1:01:45
  Speaker 1: nine there was no National Missing Kids Network, no Amber alerts,
• 1:01:48
  Speaker 1: no nom us. But today one hopes a girl like
• 1:01:52
  Speaker 1: Tammy would not fall through the cracks so easily, and
• 1:01:55
  Speaker 1: with a fuller picture of who Tammy Joe Alexander was,
• 1:01:59
  Speaker 1: investigators could now refocus on the biggest unanswered question, and
• 1:02:02
  Speaker 1: that is who took the life of Tammy Joe. So
• 1:02:05
  Speaker 1: the identification sparked new leads as police tracked Tammy's final
• 1:02:09
  Speaker 1: steps and companions, and now armed with her name and history,
• 1:02:13
  Speaker 1: they began the renewed hunt for a killer that, for
• 1:02:16
  Speaker 1: all anyone knew might still be out there, perhaps even
• 1:02:19
  Speaker 1: watching the news that the Jane Doe they thought would
• 1:02:22
  Speaker 1: never be identified now had a name. So the identification
• 1:02:25
  Speaker 1: of Tammy Joe Alexander was a monumental step forward, but
• 1:02:28
  Speaker 1: it was not the end of the case. Rather, it
• 1:02:31
  Speaker 1: was the beginning of an active homicide investigation with a
• 1:02:34
  Speaker 1: clear direction, and with Tammy Joe's background uncovered, now detectives
• 1:02:38
  Speaker 1: could retrace her path and contacts in nineteen seventy nine
• 1:02:41
  Speaker 1: to hunt for suspects, and new leads poured in after
• 1:02:44
  Speaker 1: the twenty fifteen announcement as people across the country realized
• 1:02:47
  Speaker 1: that the long ago missing Brooksville girl and the famous
• 1:02:50
  Speaker 1: Caledonia Jane Doe were one and the same, and the
• 1:02:54
  Speaker 1: FBI joined local law enforcement in a fresh push for information,
• 1:02:58
  Speaker 1: and in early twenty fifteen, the FBI put up billboards
• 1:03:01
  Speaker 1: nationwide featuring Tammy's photo and details of the case, asking
• 1:03:05
  Speaker 1: for the public's help to find the killer, and this
• 1:03:07
  Speaker 1: campaign led to a surge of tips, and by the
• 1:03:10
  Speaker 1: end of February twenty fifteen, the Livingston County Sheriff's Office
• 1:03:13
  Speaker 1: reported that they received many new leads enough to start
• 1:03:16
  Speaker 1: developing a working theory of Tammy's travels in her final days,
• 1:03:20
  Speaker 1: and while they did not release that scenario publicly in full,
• 1:03:24
  Speaker 1: they indicated that they had a better sense of how
• 1:03:27
  Speaker 1: she might have arrived in Caledonia, and one intriguing lead
• 1:03:30
  Speaker 1: came from a trucker in Tennessee who contacted authorities after
• 1:03:34
  Speaker 1: hearing Tammy's story on a radio broadcast, and he remembered
• 1:03:38
  Speaker 1: a young girl matching Tammy's description from that time. I
• 1:03:41
  Speaker 1: we don't have the exact details of the sighting, but
• 1:03:44
  Speaker 1: police called it significant, implying Tammy was indeed spotted on
• 1:03:48
  Speaker 1: the road during her odyssey, and although specifics were not disclosed,
• 1:03:52
  Speaker 1: we can speculate perhaps this truck driver recalled giving a
• 1:03:55
  Speaker 1: ride to a girl he now believes was Tammy, or
• 1:03:58
  Speaker 1: he saw Tammy with someone suspicion at a truck stop
• 1:04:01
  Speaker 1: in late nineteen seventy nine, and Tennessee lies on a
• 1:04:04
  Speaker 1: route between Florida and New York, so if Tammy hitchhiked
• 1:04:07
  Speaker 1: up the I seventy five or I ninety five and
• 1:04:10
  Speaker 1: then west or north, passing through the Appalachians. It's plausible
• 1:04:14
  Speaker 1: a trucker out of Tennessee had encountered her, and this
• 1:04:18
  Speaker 1: kind of eyewitness account, even decades old, can be surprisingly detailed.
• 1:04:23
  Speaker 1: Truckers often remember unusual passengers or events vividly, and investigators
• 1:04:28
  Speaker 1: likely followed up rigorously on this, trying to corroborate times
• 1:04:31
  Speaker 1: and places that matched Tammy's known timeline. Then there was
• 1:04:35
  Speaker 1: a matter of Tammy's time at the Young Harris George
• 1:04:38
  Speaker 1: Ministry that summer. As in March of twenty fifteen, the
• 1:04:41
  Speaker 1: Sheriff's Department revealed that they discovered Tammy had ties to
• 1:04:44
  Speaker 1: a former prison ministry in Georgia that worked with youth
• 1:04:47
  Speaker 1: on probation or parole, and this is clearly referencing the
• 1:04:50
  Speaker 1: Rainbow Youth Range. And they noted that the ministry was
• 1:04:53
  Speaker 1: defunct and the founder's deceased, which was a dead end
• 1:04:57
  Speaker 1: in terms of directly interviewing staff. However, or they did
• 1:05:00
  Speaker 1: track down some individuals connected to it, and the key
• 1:05:03
  Speaker 1: question was did Tammy meet someone at the ranch who
• 1:05:07
  Speaker 1: could have harmed her or taken her on the road,
• 1:05:10
  Speaker 1: and the investigators learned that the program often dealt with
• 1:05:13
  Speaker 1: troubled young men and women, and perhaps one of them
• 1:05:16
  Speaker 1: left around the same time Tammy did, and records from
• 1:05:19
  Speaker 1: the ranch might have listed fellow attendees or visitors, and
• 1:05:22
  Speaker 1: the mention of individuals on probation or parole suggest an angle.
• 1:05:26
  Speaker 1: Could a newly paroled or probated person from the area
• 1:05:30
  Speaker 1: have been traveling north and crossed paths with Tammy. Maybe
• 1:05:34
  Speaker 1: an ex convict volunteer or someone affiliated with the ministry
• 1:05:38
  Speaker 1: offered Tammy a ride, And in early twenty sixteen, the
• 1:05:41
  Speaker 1: police disclosed they had identified three male persons of interest
• 1:05:44
  Speaker 1: who had known Tammy before her death, and they didn't
• 1:05:47
  Speaker 1: publicly name these men, but it was said that they
• 1:05:50
  Speaker 1: were part of Tammy's life or circle back then, and
• 1:05:53
  Speaker 1: it's likely these included perhaps a boyfriend or acquaintance from Florida,
• 1:05:57
  Speaker 1: maybe someone from the Georgia Ranch, or maybe a trucker
• 1:06:00
  Speaker 1: or friend of a friend who had been in contact.
• 1:06:03
  Speaker 1: And investigators worked to locate these persons of interests decades later,
• 1:06:06
  Speaker 1: and impressively they did find them, and they collected DNA
• 1:06:10
  Speaker 1: samples from all three men to any forensic evidence from
• 1:06:12
  Speaker 1: Tammy's case, and this was a major step was getting
• 1:06:16
  Speaker 1: these men's DNA on record would allow police to either
• 1:06:18
  Speaker 1: include or exclude them if any DNA from the crime
• 1:06:21
  Speaker 1: scene existed, And by November twenty sixteen, the FBI reported
• 1:06:25
  Speaker 1: that none of the three persons of interest DNA matched
• 1:06:29
  Speaker 1: the sample taken from Tammy's clothing. In other words, those
• 1:06:32
  Speaker 1: three men were not the source of the unknown male
• 1:06:35
  Speaker 1: DNA found in this case. So this presumably cleared those
• 1:06:39
  Speaker 1: individuals of direct involvement in her murder, or at least
• 1:06:42
  Speaker 1: they weren't the ones who left trace evidence. So the
• 1:06:45
  Speaker 1: elimination of those suspects might seem like a setback, but
• 1:06:49
  Speaker 1: it was actually progress and it narrowed the field, and
• 1:06:52
  Speaker 1: their interviews might still have provided useful context even if
• 1:06:55
  Speaker 1: they weren't the killer, perhaps one of the new Tammy's
• 1:06:58
  Speaker 1: plans or last companions, because after Tammy was identified in
• 1:07:01
  Speaker 1: twenty fifteen, investigators publicly said they were revisiting witnesses and leads,
• 1:07:06
  Speaker 1: and reporting identifies that Lima Diner waitress Marge Bradford as
• 1:07:10
  Speaker 1: the last known person to see Tammy alive, and she
• 1:07:13
  Speaker 1: described the teen's male companion, tanned station wagon, black wire
• 1:07:17
  Speaker 1: rimmed glasses, and the meal that they shared that night,
• 1:07:21
  Speaker 1: and they revisited the original scene and evidence with fresh
• 1:07:23
  Speaker 1: eyes and modern forensic labs re examined Tabby's clothing, the bullet,
• 1:07:27
  Speaker 1: and any other items for hints that might have been missed.
• 1:07:31
  Speaker 1: And one big advantage of identifying Tammy was being able
• 1:07:34
  Speaker 1: to chart her movement from Florida to Georgia, perhaps some stopovers,
• 1:07:39
  Speaker 1: and then New York where she was murdered, So investigators
• 1:07:43
  Speaker 1: likely checked if any other crime occurred along a path
• 1:07:46
  Speaker 1: Tammy might have taken around late nineteen seventy nine that
• 1:07:49
  Speaker 1: could be related, For instance, was there a pattern of
• 1:07:52
  Speaker 1: hitchhikers or any similar shootings of women. Because they had
• 1:07:56
  Speaker 1: already looked at serial killers earlier, but now with Tammy's
• 1:07:59
  Speaker 1: known journey, certain suspects might become more or less likely,
• 1:08:03
  Speaker 1: and so far law enforcement has not publicly named any
• 1:08:07
  Speaker 1: prime suspect, though, but they emphasized that the case is
• 1:08:10
  Speaker 1: very much active and that the original man, furly haired
• 1:08:14
  Speaker 1: glasses wearing in a station wagon remains at the center
• 1:08:17
  Speaker 1: of the investigation, and over the years, composite sketches of
• 1:08:21
  Speaker 1: him have been circulated and they hope someone might recognize
• 1:08:25
  Speaker 1: him and if you do, please call your local authorities.
• 1:08:28
  Speaker 1: And one of the most promising angles in the search
• 1:08:30
  Speaker 1: for Tammy's killer is the DNA evidence gathered from the crime.
• 1:08:34
  Speaker 1: It was back in nineteen seventy nine, they likely didn't
• 1:08:36
  Speaker 1: have the ability to recover much from the body due
• 1:08:38
  Speaker 1: to the rain and lack of evidence. However, it appears
• 1:08:43
  Speaker 1: that with modern methods, investigators managed to find some male
• 1:08:46
  Speaker 1: DNA on Tammy's clothing when they re examined it in
• 1:08:49
  Speaker 1: post identification, and they haven't publicly clarified what kind of
• 1:08:53
  Speaker 1: DNA it could be touch DNA like skin cells on
• 1:08:57
  Speaker 1: her jacket or pants, or perhaps fluid like a bit
• 1:09:01
  Speaker 1: of sweat or saliva, but it's enough to have a
• 1:09:04
  Speaker 1: mail profile which they've been actively analyzing, and by twenty twenty,
• 1:09:08
  Speaker 1: officials announced that they were leveraging cutting edge forensic genealogy
• 1:09:11
  Speaker 1: techniques to try to identify the source of that mail DNA.
• 1:09:15
  Speaker 1: And this is the same approach that famously caught the
• 1:09:17
  Speaker 1: Golden State killer, which I did review in one of
• 1:09:21
  Speaker 1: my older videos. But using genealogical databases to find relatives
• 1:09:25
  Speaker 1: of the unknown DNA profile and build a family tree.
• 1:09:28
  Speaker 3: To a suspect.
• 1:09:30
  Speaker 1: So the FBI was reported to be testing the DNA
• 1:09:32
  Speaker 1: against national databases in search of a familial link to
• 1:09:36
  Speaker 1: the killer. In Sheriff's office, Captain Brian Aplan confirmed we
• 1:09:40
  Speaker 1: have been and are exploring DNA avenues in the case,
• 1:09:44
  Speaker 1: including the ancestral DNA angle. No new information available on
• 1:09:48
  Speaker 1: that at this time, but the syndicates they've likely uploaded
• 1:09:51
  Speaker 1: the suspect's DNA profile to genealogical services with law enforcement
• 1:09:56
  Speaker 1: access like ged match or family Tree DNA, and as
• 1:10:00
  Speaker 1: of the latest updates, no match or close familial hints
• 1:10:04
  Speaker 1: have been announced, meaning the killer's relatives either aren't in
• 1:10:07
  Speaker 1: those databases or the connections are too distant so far.
• 1:10:11
  Speaker 1: But this work is ongoing and it can take time,
• 1:10:14
  Speaker 1: especially if the suspect came from a lineage not well
• 1:10:17
  Speaker 1: represented in the databases. And it's worth noting that DNA
• 1:10:21
  Speaker 1: technology is advancing very quickly, so if the team hasn't
• 1:10:25
  Speaker 1: found a match yet, a future improvement or database growth
• 1:10:28
  Speaker 1: could suddenly make a difference. And additionally, the FBI has
• 1:10:31
  Speaker 1: offered a twenty thousand dollars reward for information that leading
• 1:10:34
  Speaker 1: to the killers arrest, and they hope that even decades later,
• 1:10:38
  Speaker 1: someone who knew something might feel compelled or financially motivated
• 1:10:42
  Speaker 1: to speak up, and perhaps a killer confided in a
• 1:10:44
  Speaker 1: friend or family member at some point, or witnesses who
• 1:10:47
  Speaker 1: stayed silent might finally break their silence. So Tammy Joe
• 1:10:51
  Speaker 1: Alexander's story is not over yet, and the dedicated individuals
• 1:10:55
  Speaker 1: pursuing her case will not rest until the question that
• 1:10:58
  Speaker 1: has echoed since nineteen seventy nine is answered, and that
• 1:11:01
  Speaker 1: is who killed Tammy Joe.
• 1:11:04
  Speaker 2: But if you have.
• 1:11:05
  Speaker 1: Any information on this case, please contact local authorities. I
• 1:11:11
  Speaker 1: hope to God this case gets solved so any family
• 1:11:16
  Speaker 1: members can can have peace from it and to get
• 1:11:19
  Speaker 1: a killer off the streets. It's extremely scary and an
• 1:11:22
  Speaker 1: extremely devastating story, but it's incredible that detectives and internet
• 1:11:27
  Speaker 1: slews were able to at least give Tammy her name back.
• 1:11:31
  Speaker 1: I think that's incredibly special. But I hope this case
• 1:11:35
  Speaker 1: gets solved. If you guys want me to go over
• 1:11:37
  Speaker 1: any other cases, let me know. I always read the
• 1:11:40
  Speaker 1: comments and until then I will see your beautiful face. Okay,
• 1:11:43
  Speaker 1: stay safe,