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The First ‘Thanksgiving’ and the Theology of Gratitude · Theology Made Podcast

• 0:05
  SPEAKER_01: Welcome to The Theology Made Podcast.
• 0:07
  In today's episode,
• 0:08
  we're going to look at the first Thanksgiving and the theology
• 0:11
  of gratitude.
• 0:15
  SPEAKER_01: Close your eyes and picture the scene.
• 0:18
  SPEAKER_01: Now you've seen it in a thousand paintings.
• 0:20
  SPEAKER_01: A long wooden table, pilgrims in black coats, and buckled hats.
• 0:24
  Native Americans in feathered headdresses,
• 0:27
  everyone bowing their heads over a roasted turkey.
• 0:30
  SPEAKER_01: That seems like it came right out of the oven.
• 0:32
  SPEAKER_01: It's calm,
• 0:33
  SPEAKER_01: peaceful,
• 0:34
  SPEAKER_01: kind of familiar,
• 0:35
  SPEAKER_01: almost like a Norman Rockwell painting dropped into the 1600s.
• 0:40
  SPEAKER_01: But here's the problem.
• 0:41
  SPEAKER_01: That picture is almost entirely myth.
• 0:44
  The real first Thanksgiving looked nothing like the holiday we
• 0:46
  know today.
• 0:47
  SPEAKER_01: The pilgrims didn't wear buckles,
• 0:49
  SPEAKER_01: there wasn't a neat roll of chairs,
• 0:50
  SPEAKER_01: the food was not pumpkin pie and mashed potatoes,
• 0:53
  SPEAKER_01: and they weren't playing Charlie Brown.
• 0:55
  SPEAKER_01: And most importantly,
• 0:57
  the theology that shaped the pilgrims' gratitude was radically
• 1:00
  different than our
• 1:01
  SPEAKER_01: modern understanding of Thanksgiving.
• 1:03
  To grasp the first Thanksgiving,
• 1:05
  you have to step inside the minds of the pilgrims.
• 1:08
  SPEAKER_01: Their covenant theology,
• 1:09
  SPEAKER_01: their sense of providence,
• 1:10
  their belief that every hardship was God's test and every
• 1:12
  blessing his mercy.
• 1:14
  SPEAKER_01: And you also have to consider the Native Americans who sat beside them,
• 1:17
  whose spirituality and worldview clashed and intertwined with
• 1:20
  Puritan faith.
• 1:22
  This is the true story of the first Thanksgiving and the
• 1:24
  theology of gratitude that shaped it.
• 1:27
  SPEAKER_01: The pilgrims didn't set out to create a holiday.
• 1:29
  SPEAKER_01: They weren't thinking about family traditions or future parades.
• 1:32
  SPEAKER_01: The story begins with desperation, not celebration.
• 1:36
  SPEAKER_01: In November of 1620, the Mayflower anchored off Cape Cod.
• 1:40
  SPEAKER_01: After more than two months at sea,
• 1:42
  SPEAKER_01: the passengers,
• 1:43
  SPEAKER_01: separatists,
• 1:44
  SPEAKER_01: seeking religious freedom alongside others,
• 1:47
  SPEAKER_01: chasing economic opportunity.
• 1:49
  SPEAKER_01: They were exhausted.
• 1:50
  They had hoped to reach the warmer climate of Virginia,
• 1:53
  but storms forced them north.
• 1:55
  SPEAKER_01: And what awaited them was not fertile farmland,
• 1:57
  SPEAKER_01: but the barren,
• 1:58
  SPEAKER_01: rocky coast of New England,
• 2:00
  SPEAKER_01: with winter already closing in.
• 2:03
  SPEAKER_01: The first winter in Plymouth was devastating beyond imagination.
• 2:07
  SPEAKER_01: The pilgrims had arrived too late in the season to plant crops.
• 2:10
  SPEAKER_01: They faced bitter cold, inadequate shelter, and scarce food.
• 2:14
  Disease spread quickly in the cramped,
• 2:16
  unsanitary conditions of their hastily built houses.
• 2:20
  SPEAKER_01: Scurvy, malnutrition, sickness cut through the company.
• 2:24
  SPEAKER_01: Of the 102 passengers who had left England, half were dead within months.
• 2:29
  SPEAKER_01: Entire families perished,
• 2:30
  SPEAKER_01: husbands buried wives,
• 2:32
  SPEAKER_01: parents buried children,
• 2:33
  SPEAKER_01: children buried parents.
• 2:35
  The colony was reduced to a handful of survivals struggling to
• 2:38
  care for the sick
• 2:39
  SPEAKER_01: while burying the dead.
• 2:40
  William Bradford,
• 2:41
  who would later serve as governor,
• 2:43
  remembered with grim brevity.
• 2:45
  SPEAKER_01: Of the hundred and odd persons, scarce 50 remained.
• 2:49
  So desperate was their situation that they buried their dead at
• 2:52
  night quietly and
• 2:53
  SPEAKER_01: in secret so that nearby native tribes would not see how few remained.
• 2:58
  SPEAKER_01: The fear of attack was constant.
• 3:00
  Every grave hidden,
• 3:01
  every body concealed was a measure of protection against
• 3:04
  potential enemies.
• 3:06
  SPEAKER_01: And in that crucible of suffering, theology wasn't an abstract luxury.
• 3:10
  SPEAKER_01: It was the only lens through which they made sense of reality.
• 3:13
  SPEAKER_01: Every meal felt like borrowed grace.
• 3:15
  SPEAKER_01: Every sunrise seemed like an undeserved gift.
• 3:17
  SPEAKER_01: Every breath of survival was interpreted as the providence of God.
• 3:22
  SPEAKER_01: And then came spring.
• 3:23
  Survival,
• 3:23
  they quickly learned,
• 3:24
  would not depend solely on their wits or resilience.
• 3:27
  SPEAKER_01: It depended on the mercy of neighbors they had once feared.
• 3:31
  SPEAKER_01: For the Wampanoag,
• 3:32
  SPEAKER_01: weakened themselves by recent epidemics and threatened by rival tribes,
• 3:36
  SPEAKER_01: their allegiance was more strategic.
• 3:38
  SPEAKER_01: For the pilgrims, it was life-saving.
• 3:41
  SPEAKER_01: And at the heart of this alliance was one remarkable figure,
• 3:45
  SPEAKER_01: Tisquantum,
• 3:46
  SPEAKER_01: or you might know him as Squanto.
• 3:48
  SPEAKER_01: Years earlier,
• 3:49
  SPEAKER_01: Squanto had been kidnapped by English traders,
• 3:52
  SPEAKER_01: sold into slavery in Spain,
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  SPEAKER_01: and eventually made his way to England.
• 3:55
  SPEAKER_01: There he learned the language,
• 3:56
  SPEAKER_01: worked in London,
• 3:57
  SPEAKER_01: and eventually returned to his homeland,
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  SPEAKER_01: only to find his village wiped out by disease.
• 4:01
  SPEAKER_01: He was a man caught between two worlds,
• 4:03
  SPEAKER_01: fluent in English,
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  SPEAKER_01: familiar with European ways,
• 4:06
  SPEAKER_01: yet still a child of the soil of Massachusetts.
• 4:09
  SPEAKER_01: For the pilgrims, his appearance was nothing short of miraculous.
• 4:12
  Here was someone who could interpret,
• 4:14
  mediate,
• 4:15
  and teach them how to survive.
• 4:16
  Squanto showed them how to plant corn in mounds,
• 4:19
  fertilize with fish to enrich the soil.
• 4:21
  SPEAKER_01: He taught them where to find edible plants,
• 4:23
  SPEAKER_01: how to navigate rivers,
• 4:23
  SPEAKER_01: how to fish the waters,
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  SPEAKER_01: and hunt the forests.
• 4:26
  Bradford would later write with awe that Squanto was a special
• 4:29
  instrument sent of
• 4:30
  SPEAKER_01: God for their good beyond their expectation.
• 4:33
  SPEAKER_01: To Puritanize,
• 4:34
  SPEAKER_01: Squanto wasn't just a helpful neighbor,
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  SPEAKER_01: he was Providence embodied,
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  SPEAKER_01: God's sovereign hand reaching into their desperation to deliver them.
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  SPEAKER_01: By the fall of 1621, the tide had turned.
• 4:45
  SPEAKER_01: The colonists had endured their first full year.
• 4:47
  SPEAKER_01: Crops grew in their newly cleared fields,
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  SPEAKER_01: corn filled their storehouses,
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  SPEAKER_01: and the immediate threat of starvation receded.
• 4:56
  SPEAKER_01: And the alliance with their new friends, though tenuous, held.
• 5:00
  SPEAKER_01: And for the first time since leaving England,
• 5:02
  SPEAKER_01: they faced the winter with food in reserve and hope in their hearts.
• 5:05
  SPEAKER_01: To them, this was not coincidence.
• 5:07
  SPEAKER_01: It's not luck.
• 5:08
  SPEAKER_01: It wasn't chance.
• 5:09
  SPEAKER_01: It was providence.
• 5:10
  God's hand guiding them through the valley of death into the
• 5:13
  land of survival.
• 5:14
  SPEAKER_01: Every sheaf of corn was a sign of covenantal faithfulness.
• 5:17
  SPEAKER_01: Every breath of life,
• 5:20
  proof that they were God's people chosen and preserved in a new
• 5:24
  wilderness.
• 5:24
  SPEAKER_01: In that sense,
• 5:25
  SPEAKER_01: that survival itself was grace,
• 5:27
  SPEAKER_01: was the soil out of which the first Thanksgiving grew.
• 5:30
  SPEAKER_01: So what actually happened that autumn?
• 5:33
  SPEAKER_01: Strip away the myths and the paintings,
• 5:34
  and you're left with one of the most remarkable and
• 5:37
  misunderstood episodes in early
• 5:39
  SPEAKER_01: American history.
• 5:40
  SPEAKER_01: The harvest of 1621 was cause for celebration.
• 5:43
  SPEAKER_01: After the crushing famine of the previous year,
• 5:45
  SPEAKER_01: the pilgrims had food stored,
• 5:47
  SPEAKER_01: fields harvested,
• 5:48
  SPEAKER_01: and game from the forest to supplement their supplies.
• 5:51
  For a people who had nearly starved,
• 5:53
  this was nothing short of miraculous.
• 5:55
  SPEAKER_01: They were alive, and to give thanks, they decided to hold a feast.
• 5:59
  SPEAKER_01: One of the best sources comes from Edward Winslow,
• 6:02
  SPEAKER_01: a leader among the colonists who later wrote,
• 6:05
  SPEAKER_00: Our harvest being gotten in,
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  SPEAKER_00: our governor sent four men on fowling,
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  SPEAKER_00: that so we might,
• 6:12
  SPEAKER_00: after a more special manner,
• 6:15
  SPEAKER_00: rejoice together.
• 6:17
  SPEAKER_00: after we had gathered the fruit of our labors.
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  Those four hunters returned with enough wild fowl to feed the
• 6:23
  colony for days.
• 6:25
  It was likely ducks and geese rather than turkeys,
• 6:28
  which were harder to catch in large numbers.
• 6:30
  And to mark the occasion,
• 6:31
  the pilgrims also fired muskets and cannons in festivity.
• 6:35
  SPEAKER_01: That gunfire, however, startled their Wampanoag neighbors.
• 6:39
  Massasoit appeared with about 90 men,
• 6:41
  nearly double the number of surviving pilgrims.
• 6:44
  SPEAKER_01: So imagine being there,
• 6:46
  SPEAKER_01: fragile colony,
• 6:47
  SPEAKER_01: barely established,
• 6:48
  SPEAKER_01: suddenly surrounded by nearly 100 armed Native men.
• 6:51
  SPEAKER_01: The tension, to say the least, would have been palpable.
• 6:54
  SPEAKER_01: But instead of conflict, something remarkable happened.
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  SPEAKER_01: The Wampanoag brought five freshly killed deer as gifts.
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  SPEAKER_01: They joined the feast,
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  SPEAKER_01: and for the next three days,
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  SPEAKER_01: the two groups shared food,
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  SPEAKER_01: games,
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  SPEAKER_01: and hunting.
• 7:06
  SPEAKER_01: The menu is not what modern Thanksgiving tables hold.
• 7:09
  SPEAKER_01: Alongside venison and wildfowl,
• 7:11
  SPEAKER_01: alongside venison and ducks,
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  SPEAKER_01: there was maize,
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  SPEAKER_01: beans,
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  SPEAKER_01: squash,
• 7:16
  SPEAKER_01: berries,
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  SPEAKER_01: nuts,
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  SPEAKER_01: and seafood,
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  SPEAKER_01: mussels,
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  SPEAKER_01: clams,
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  SPEAKER_01: maybe even lobster.
• 7:20
  SPEAKER_01: They may have had pumpkins, but it wouldn't have been in pie form.
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  SPEAKER_01: The food was a fusion of English methods and native ingredients,
• 7:27
  SPEAKER_01: eaten not at one long table,
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  SPEAKER_01: but spread across outdoor gatherings,
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  SPEAKER_01: fires,
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  SPEAKER_01: and makeshift seating.
• 7:33
  SPEAKER_01: It was less a single meal than a harvest festival,
• 7:36
  SPEAKER_01: a rhythm both cultures understood,
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  SPEAKER_01: even if it was for different reasons.
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  SPEAKER_01: But beneath the shared celebration was a fragile reality.
• 7:45
  SPEAKER_01: This alliance was not built on friendship alone.
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  SPEAKER_01: It was strategic.
• 7:49
  The Wampanoag had been devastated by disease brought by earlier
• 7:53
  European contact.
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  SPEAKER_01: Some estimates suggest the population had been cut in half.
• 7:58
  Surrounded by rival tribes and threatened by a powerful tribe
• 8:01
  in the West,
• 8:02
  SPEAKER_01: the Nassasoit saw the armed English as potential allies.
• 8:06
  For the pilgrims still too weak to stand on their own,
• 8:09
  the Wampanagas support men's survival.
• 8:11
  SPEAKER_01: So gratitude was real, but so was suspicion.
• 8:14
  To the pilgrims,
• 8:15
  the feast was proof of God's providence,
• 8:17
  a covenantal blessing after suffering.
• 8:19
  SPEAKER_01: To the Wampanoag,
• 8:20
  SPEAKER_01: it was both hospitality and a political gesture,
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  SPEAKER_01: a way of reinforcing alliances in a dangerous new order.
• 8:28
  SPEAKER_01: So the first Thanksgiving was not a storybook picture of harmony.
• 8:30
  SPEAKER_01: It was a truce, exchange of gifts, and a moment of shared humanity.
• 8:34
  And within a generation,
• 8:36
  relations would sour into distrust,
• 8:38
  conflict,
• 8:38
  and more.
• 8:39
  SPEAKER_01: But in the fall of 1621,
• 8:40
  SPEAKER_01: for three days,
• 8:41
  SPEAKER_01: former strangers,
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  SPEAKER_01: potential enemies,
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  SPEAKER_01: sat side by side,
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  SPEAKER_01: ate from the same harvest,
• 8:45
  SPEAKER_01: gave thanks,
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  SPEAKER_01: each in their own way,
• 8:48
  SPEAKER_01: for survival.
• 8:49
  SPEAKER_01: For the pilgrims, gratitude wasn't a vague seasonal sentiment.
• 8:52
  It wasn't about pumpkin pies,
• 8:54
  family gatherings,
• 8:55
  or even a general sense of optimism.
• 8:57
  SPEAKER_01: Gratitude was covenantal, theological, obedience.
• 9:01
  Puritan theology had trained them to read every single event as
• 9:04
  a message from the hand of God.
• 9:06
  SPEAKER_01: They lived in a world saturated with providence.
• 9:09
  SPEAKER_01: Storms at sea,
• 9:10
  SPEAKER_01: not accidents of weather,
• 9:11
  but deliberate tests from the Almighty designed to strengthen
• 9:14
  their faith.
• 9:15
  SPEAKER_01: the death of half their company,
• 9:16
  either God's righteous judgment or his mysterious providence
• 9:19
  working through
• 9:19
  SPEAKER_01: suffering in ways they could not fully see,
• 9:22
  SPEAKER_01: the survival of the rest,
• 9:23
  SPEAKER_01: pure mercy,
• 9:24
  SPEAKER_01: undeserved grace,
• 9:25
  SPEAKER_01: keeping them alive when all odds were against them,
• 9:28
  SPEAKER_01: and the harvest of 1621,
• 9:29
  SPEAKER_01: not just agricultural success,
• 9:31
  SPEAKER_01: but the very provision of God,
• 9:33
  SPEAKER_01: covenant blessings poured out in response to their faithfulness.
• 9:36
  SPEAKER_01: For the pilgrims, there was no such thing as coincidence.
• 9:38
  SPEAKER_01: Nothing was random.
• 9:39
  SPEAKER_01: Everything,
• 9:40
  SPEAKER_01: every breath,
• 9:41
  SPEAKER_01: every illness,
• 9:41
  SPEAKER_01: every stock of corn,
• 9:42
  SPEAKER_01: every drop of rain was interpreted through the lens of covenant theology.
• 9:46
  And that shaped their understanding of gratitude because
• 9:48
  gratitude was not an
• 9:49
  SPEAKER_01: optional emotion you felt when things happened to go your way.
• 9:53
  SPEAKER_01: It was an act of obedience, covenant duty.
• 9:56
  SPEAKER_01: To be ungrateful was to break faith with God.
• 9:58
  To give thanks was to acknowledge his sovereignty and renew
• 10:00
  their trust in his promises.
• 10:02
  SPEAKER_01: That's why their celebrations were framed not just by food, but prayer.
• 10:06
  SPEAKER_01: In England,
• 10:07
  SPEAKER_01: long before they ever crossed the Atlantic,
• 10:08
  SPEAKER_01: Puritans had practiced days of thanksgiving.
• 10:11
  These were special worship services appointed after God
• 10:13
  delivered them from some
• 10:14
  SPEAKER_01: particular crisis.
• 10:16
  SPEAKER_01: Maybe it was deliverance from famine,
• 10:17
  SPEAKER_01: recovery from plague,
• 10:18
  SPEAKER_01: victory in war,
• 10:19
  SPEAKER_01: or rescue from disaster.
• 10:21
  A day of Thanksgiving wasn't set on the calendar like Christmas
• 10:23
  or Easter.
• 10:24
  SPEAKER_01: It was appointed in response to God's action in history.
• 10:28
  SPEAKER_01: In other words, Thanksgiving was their reflex to providence.
• 10:31
  SPEAKER_01: When God acted, his people gave thanks.
• 10:33
  SPEAKER_01: That rhythm shaped the way pilgrims saw the 1621 feast.
• 10:37
  SPEAKER_01: They didn't invent Thanksgiving out of thin air.
• 10:39
  They carried with them an inherited Puritan habit of
• 10:42
  interpreting history as God's
• 10:43
  SPEAKER_01: theater and responding with gratitude whenever he moved.
• 10:46
  SPEAKER_01: For them, the feast wasn't just about survival.
• 10:49
  SPEAKER_01: This was a theological declaration.
• 10:52
  It was a way of saying publicly together,
• 10:54
  we survived because God willed it.
• 10:56
  SPEAKER_01: We harvested because God provided it.
• 10:59
  SPEAKER_01: Therefore, he deserves our praise.
• 11:01
  SPEAKER_01: In their minds, Thanksgiving was a kind of covenant renewal ceremony.
• 11:04
  SPEAKER_01: It wasn't simply about feeling grateful.
• 11:07
  SPEAKER_01: It was about reaffirming that God was their Lord,
• 11:09
  SPEAKER_01: that they were his people,
• 11:11
  SPEAKER_01: and that his providence was the only explanation for their existence.
• 11:14
  SPEAKER_01: That's the pilgrim lens on gratitude,
• 11:15
  SPEAKER_01: a view of life where nothing is wasted,
• 11:17
  SPEAKER_01: everything is meaning,
• 11:19
  SPEAKER_01: and thanksgiving is the rightful response to both hardship and blessing.
• 11:22
  SPEAKER_01: But what about the Wampanoag?
• 11:24
  SPEAKER_01: Their worldview was profoundly different.
• 11:26
  SPEAKER_01: For them, the land was sacred.
• 11:28
  SPEAKER_01: Every harvest was an act of balance with the natural world.
• 11:30
  SPEAKER_01: Gratitude was directed not only to a creator spirit,
• 11:33
  SPEAKER_01: but to the earth,
• 11:34
  SPEAKER_01: animals,
• 11:34
  SPEAKER_01: and cycles of nature that sustained it.
• 11:36
  SPEAKER_01: Sharing food was an active community and respect, not just survival.
• 11:40
  SPEAKER_01: And when they sat with the pilgrims,
• 11:42
  SPEAKER_01: they weren't entering into a covenant with the Christian God.
• 11:45
  SPEAKER_01: They were extending hospitality and reinforcing political alliance.
• 11:48
  SPEAKER_01: For them, gratitude was woven into daily life and seasonal rhythms.
• 11:53
  SPEAKER_01: The table of 1621 was therefore more than a meal.
• 11:56
  SPEAKER_01: It was a collision of worldviews,
• 11:58
  SPEAKER_01: covenant theology,
• 11:59
  SPEAKER_01: and cyclical spirituality,
• 12:01
  SPEAKER_01: providence,
• 12:02
  SPEAKER_01: nature,
• 12:03
  SPEAKER_01: divine sovereignty,
• 12:04
  SPEAKER_01: ecological balance.
• 12:06
  SPEAKER_01: And over time, the memory of this feast was reshaped.
• 12:09
  SPEAKER_01: By the 19th century,
• 12:10
  writers and politicians turned the first Thanksgiving into a
• 12:13
  national myth,
• 12:15
  SPEAKER_01: an image of peaceful coexistence,
• 12:17
  SPEAKER_01: a foundation story of America.
• 12:20
  Lincoln in 1863 proclaimed Thanksgiving a national holiday in
• 12:23
  the midst of the
• 12:23
  SPEAKER_01: Civil War,
• 12:25
  SPEAKER_01: hoping gratitude could heal a divided nation.
• 12:27
  SPEAKER_01: But behind the myth is something richer.
• 12:29
  The Pilgrim's theology of gratitude reminds us that
• 12:32
  Thanksgiving is not about
• 12:33
  SPEAKER_01: comfort,
• 12:34
  SPEAKER_01: but survival.
• 12:35
  SPEAKER_01: It's about seeing God's hand in the storm as well as the harvest.
• 12:38
  And the Wampanoag perspective reminds us that gratitude is also
• 12:41
  about connection to
• 12:42
  SPEAKER_01: the land,
• 12:42
  SPEAKER_01: community,
• 12:43
  SPEAKER_01: and the cycles of life.
• 12:44
  SPEAKER_01: The modern holiday often flattens these truce into turkey and football.
• 12:48
  But the theology of gratitude behind the first Thanksgiving was
• 12:51
  weighty,
• 12:52
  raw,
• 12:52
  and hard won.
• 12:53
  SPEAKER_01: So next time you sit at a Thanksgiving table, remember the real story.
• 12:57
  Remember the pilgrims who buried half their company before they
• 12:59
  ever feasted.
• 13:00
  SPEAKER_01: Remember the Wampanoag whose hospitality made survival possible.
• 13:04
  And remember that gratitude in its truest sense is forged in
• 13:07
  suffering and
• 13:08
  SPEAKER_01: sustained in covenant.
• 13:10
  SPEAKER_01: The first Thanksgiving was not the birth of an American holiday.
• 13:12
  SPEAKER_01: It was an act of theology,
• 13:13
  SPEAKER_01: an embodied declaration that even in loss,
• 13:16
  SPEAKER_01: in wilderness,
• 13:17
  SPEAKER_01: in uncertainty,
• 13:17
  SPEAKER_01: God provides.
• 13:19
  SPEAKER_01: And that's the theology of gratitude,
• 13:20
  SPEAKER_01: not sentimental thanks for abundance,
• 13:22
  SPEAKER_01: but covenantal trust in the God who sustains his people through scarcity,
• 13:26
  SPEAKER_01: trial,
• 13:27
  SPEAKER_01: and grace.
• 13:30
  SPEAKER_01: Thanks for listening to the Theology Made Podcast.
• 13:31
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• 13:33
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• 13:35
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• 13:36
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• 13:38
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• 13:39
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