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23. Diet for Brain Health in Senior Pets · Senior Pet Talk | for dogs + cats

• Amanda Steffen: You are listening to Senior Pet Talk, the show where we combine Western and Chinese medicine to give senior dog and cat parents the knowledge, the clarity, and the confidence to make sure that your pets' senior years are their best years yet. I'm Dr. Amanda Stefan. Let's get started. Did you know that 28% of dogs and cats over the age of 11 have dementia? This is just like Alzheimer's and dementia in people. That number unfortunately goes up to over 50% of dogs and cats who are the over the age of 15 are going to have some aspect of Alzheimer's or doggy or kiddie dementia. The good news is there is something that you do every single day that you can tweak a little bit in order to help their brain health. Welcome back to Senior Pet Talk. If you are new here, I am Dr. Amanda Stefan. I am an integrative veterinarian who focuses on senior dogs and cats. I run an in-home practice in the Ohio area, and I bring all of that information here to you online so that the whole world can know about it and everyone can help their senior pet a little bit. The idea that I want to talk to you about today is nutrition and diet related to appropriate brain health. When we talk about health for our senior pets, one of the biggest trigger areas becomes diet. And I think that is because we don't always have one exact answer. And in my opinion, every pet deserves a different diet. I think they all deserve a personalized diet tailored to them and what they like and what they need. Based on their joint health, their brain health, you know, their organ function, those types of things. So today I want to break down a couple different diet options that are available as like a pre-made packaged type of product. And then I also want to talk to you about the ingredients in those products that make them good for brain health, because I think that is very important to know as well. I see on a lot of clients who give like a senior multivitamin. And that's not wrong, but it's not always necessary either if we are tailoring their diet appropriately to what they need. Another important caveat I want to put here is senior diets or quote unquote a senior diet is not always a simple blanket answer because it doesn't really have specific guidelines on what has to be in that diet to make it a senior diet. Okay. So I did talk in a previous episode a about protein requirements for senior dogs and cats and how those are higher. And then in dogs, we typically are going to need fewer calories as they get older, but higher protein in cats, we often need to have higher calories and higher protein. But again, we discussed that this is specific for every single pet, right? Because some cats are overweight prone, some dogs are underweight prone. And we need to make sure that we're getting the right amount of calories for that patient. So always have that conversation with ⁓ someone you trust, specifically your veterinarian, about what recommendation is for your pet. And don't always listen to the grifters on the internet, because even if They have the best intentions in mind, which I believe everyone does. What works for their pet may not be what works for your pet. Same thing I tell people in my practices, what I feed my dogs does not need to be the thing that you consider the gold standard. It's just what works for my dogs. My dogs have allergies, they have arthritis, they have some anxiety. There's a specific concoction of things that I do for them. as opposed to what will be needed for your pet. I'm also going to touch on supplements today because I do believe that these are also pushed and fear-mongered onto people a little bit. You see something and it says that it's going to make your pet live longer or live better. And you honestly kind of feel like if I don't do this, I'm not doing everything I can for my pet. And I really Want to just take a moment here to say, please understand that some stranger on the internet or some product on the internet does not know your pet. So you can definitely take some information from that context of things and that commercial or that ad. And you can then take that into your pet's. lifestyle and regimen and veterinarians and talk about whether that's appropriate for your pet. So the first thing that I want to talk to you about is prescription diets. When we are talking about prescription diets, we're talking about something that is going to have additional products in it that make it required to have a prescription in order to get it. So this is usually something you're going to get from your veterinarian. Are you going to have to get a prescription from your veterinarian? And the reason is because it is not always something we need to be giving to growing animals or to younger animals. There are very specific reasons we're giving it to these patients with a prescription in hand. We're gonna start talking about the dog prescription diets, and then we will go over to cat options. One of the dog prescription diets, and I have some personal experience with a couple of these. So If you don't know Molly's story, I had a wonderful senior chow chow. I had her from the time I was 12 until I was 29. So she was in my life for 17 years and she taught me a lot about senior pets. And she did have some dementia symptoms. And I noticed when I put her on a specific prescription diet that she actually did seem to be a little bit more cognitively alert and less anxious. So at the time, this was nine years ago. No, I guess it was probably 10 or 11 years ago now. keep getting older. And the prescription diet is Hill's prescription BD or brain diet. I think they now have a G D, which is like a geriatric diet, and they also have some mixed diets where you can mix like senior and cardiac and and different things like that. But the brain diet, I really noticed an improvement with her. And I want to go through some of the products that are in that just so you can know if I don't want to do this prescription diet or it may not be right for my pet, or I have a cat because I'm gonna be honest with you again, there are not a lot of prescription brain diet options for cats because cats are unfortunately the women of veterinary medicine, and we are working very hard to change that. I have a couple friends who are in the feline veterinary medicine space, and they are just paving the way for feline medicine becoming its own entity and not using information from dogs to give us our information for cats. I'm so proud of them and I'm so happy for where that's going to be going. So make sure you keep an eye out for those things. There's something now called cat friendly. They're the Feline veterinary practitioners, boards, and things like that. There's a lot of different places to get information specifically for your cat. However, when we're talking about these brain diets so far, there's not a lot specifically for cats. So I'm gonna go through the ingredients that are in the brain diet so that we can talk about them being appropriate potentially for something you're adding in for your cat, like a multivitamin or something. In the B D or brain diet, it has vitamin E, it has vitamin C. So vitamin E and vitamin C work. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant and it protects what we call the neuron cells. So the membrane or the outside of the neuron cells. Neurons are basically just like nerve cells. It's just brain cells, right? So the vitamin E is gonna help to protect those, the membrane or the outside casing, the skin of the brain cells, basically. Vitamin C really Has to go hand in hand with vitamin E. So the two together work and then create this really good antioxidant team. So vitamin C is water soluble instead of fat soluble, and it's going to help regenerate the vitamin E. So these two work again as a really good synergistic team. The other products in that would be selenium. So selenium is a cofactor for the brain's antioxidant enzymes. So it helps us to make those antioxidants for the brain. And if you something I guess we should talk about here is there there are a lot of different ways that dementia can show up. Unfortunately, in veterinary medicine, we don't get all of the opportunities that we get in human medicine. So in human medicine, if you're diagnosed with dementia or they're concerned about dementia, you're going to get all these tests to rule out other things. You're going to get a brain scan, And they're gonna look at that and see, okay, do you have like what we call beta plaque formation or do you have a vascular injury that's causing this? Is your brain actually shrinking, which can happen and that's causing it? What is the cause of the Alzheimer's or dementia? And then that gets further fleshed out into different types of Alzheimer's or dementia. Unfortunately, with animals, most people are not able to go do. An MRI of our pets and MRI or CT scan of these senior pets' brains. And a lot of times it's a risk, right? Because we have to put them under general anesthesia for that. So it's not always worth it just to get a diagnosis or to find out what exactly is going on. Because unfortunately, the treatment is kind of always the same. We don't have a lot of Alzheimer's medications right now for pets. So even if we did go in and diagnose a patient with. A beta plaque formation of Alzheimer's, it's not going to change a lot of our treatment protocol. So in that regard, we don't have as much fleshed out information as there is in human medicine, human medicine, but we do know based on the scans that we have that there are different types. So there is like plaque formation types, there are vascular vessel types, there are, you know, gray matter, white matter changes that are causing these things. And that is important to understand. Because sometimes what we're going to see is an improvement with one thing and not with another. And that may be because it depends on the type of Alzheimer's that your pet is dealing with or what changes are happening in that pet, right? So one of the things that can happen with the dementia is an oxidative buildup. So there's a buildup of these damaging free radicals and they damage the the brain cells themselves. So when we talk about antioxidants, we're talking about things that help to clear out those free radicals and improve brain health. You will hear me use antioxidant a lot. So I just wanted to explain that a little bit more in detail to you. Another thing and you know I love a fish oil, fish oils. So these do get broken down into DHA and EPA, especially when we're talking about brain health and joint health. So DHA is the major structural fat and support system for the membrane of the neurons. So it is really important for brain health this self, that DHA component of things. The EPA more is going to help with inflammation of the brain. Another thing that's in this BG diet is carnitine. So carnitine helps to support aging brain cells and it basically takes these like fatty acids and turns them into mitochondria to create more energy and to allow for more energy to be produced for these guys. Alcarnitine is also something that I have played around with as a kind of weight maintenance or weight loss thing that we can add in for some pets, but it just depends. It's in a pretty small amount on this BD diet. So it's not something that's going to cause weight loss per se. And I think on its own, isn't a strong one to do that anyways, but just something to bear in mind with that. And then we have our lipoic acid. And basically this is again, if you are not a science nerd, you may have not heard this, but mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, right? So we're talking about these types of cell, we're talking about brain cells. So this is the lipoic acid is a mitochondria antioxidant that works in conjunction with the L-carnitine. The important factor to know about lipoic acid is that we don't typically give this in cats, especially not in larger amounts, because it can be toxic in cats at certain amounts. There have been some clinical studies on this BD diet to show improved learning and memory tasks performed in senior dogs versus controls. So it is a promising option for people to talk to their veterinarian about. Some people don't even know that there are. Brain diets available to just buy. So that is important to know. The other one is Purianapur Plan. They have something called neurocare. The difference in the neurocare, they do have a lot of these antioxidants, vitamins, EPA, DHA, all these types of things. However, the other thing about the neurocare diet that I really like is that it has medium-chain triglycerides. So MCT oil, and it's actually at a prescription tier. So it's like 6.5% medium chain triglyceride oil. And MCT oil is essentially we think about the brain as needing energy, right? So it's gonna have a hard time using glucose to create that energy, but it needs something to create energy. So the medium chain triglycerides actually provide ketones as like an alternative fuel for the brain if it can't use glucose or doesn't have the glucose it needs to use. If the body doesn't have something to use to make this, then it will just start to break down the brain tissue itself. So it's really important that we give it some source of fuel or some way to energize and use things. So I I do really appreciate this MCT oil. And that is in this neurocare. There was a trial done. It was only done over three months. So it's a little hard to say long term on these things, but it did say that they improved across six of the dementia categories. So the dish all V versus only four of six on a controlled diet. So it is a really important and strong clinical trial that shows some promising results there as well. Kirina also makes an over-the-counter version of this product called Bright Minds. This does also have MCT oil in it. It's a lower than the prescription, so it's 5% or 5.5% MCT oil. It also has some of those additional antioxidants and vitamins and things like that in it as well. So that is the main like prescription diets that are available as of right now for dogs. So I am not saying that you need to feed one of these. I'm not saying that you should feed one of these. I am just letting you know that they are available to you and what is included in them because sometimes people will get this type of a diet and then they'll also add a multivitamin on top of it, right? And that's not really necessary. You're just paying for expensive pee then. And It's probably not gonna do any harm, but there are some vitamins that if we're giving too much of it, it can cause things like blood thinning or GI distress and things like that. So it is important to make sure we do account for everything that goes into our pet, even supplements, even diet. We are very cautious of medications, and I think that's appropriate. But sometimes with supplements and herbs and and foods, we're just like, ⁓ just, you know, this seems like a great thing. Let's just give them five of them instead of one of them. And there is a reason that we need to keep an eye on that because it can cause some dysregularity and some problems for them. And if you guys are not familiar with the clinical signs of dementia in senior dogs and cats, I really urge you to go back and listen to episode four where we talked about that more detail as far as how to know ⁓ there is an acronym that I use called Dishal V and I find that really helpful. It's kind of a modification of a couple different versions, but that is something that can help you to know like, does my pet have any signs of dementia? Regardless of whether they do or they don't, I think getting them ahead of the game with some of these supplements and things like that can still be extremely helpful. Some other things that we find inside of these aging diets are arginine, which helps to support blood flow to the brain and the neurotransmitters are the things that kind of fire off our nerve cells. And then also B vitamins, which support the creation of our neurons. And B vitamins lower something called homocysteine, which is linked to cognitive decline. So that can be really helpful as well. Now, something really interesting that just came out, and I am intrigued to see where this continues to go, is a research study done out of one of the top veterinary schools. And this has been done in partnership with a fresh food company called the Farmer's Dog. So it is gonna be funded by them. But again, most things are going to be funded by the company whose product it is, because why would some random person fund something about a product they're not invested in, right? So it doesn't mean that there are things that are fibbed in this entity that is things just to be aware of. But these this research found that senior dogs that were on a fresh food actually had higher levels of protective antioxidants that did link it to a reduced cognitive decline and lower levels of aging related compounds versus dogs who were fed kibble. This is really, really interesting. I Am familiar with a company that I work with called Amobiome, and they do a lot of research in this spectrum. They do gut microbiome, and I'll talk about that in another episode. But they have been doing some studies on the gut microbiome in relation to dementia. And that is an interesting entity. The other thing that I talked about earlier is these beta plaque formations that happen, or if we get this like Plaque buildup on the brain, there is some concern that that plaque formation could be from a kibble-based diet or carbohydrate-based diet. And I'm not telling you that your pet needs to eat a fresh diet, or if you don't feed them a fresh diet, that you're somehow giving them dementia. Please don't take those things out of context. It is just newer data that we have and we're studying it and we're trying to figure out what it means. And is there truly a link or did it just happen to exist on these 10 patients that were fed kibble or not? But there is some really interesting research going on with this right now. So I am intrigued to see where this continues to go. There is some research too on raw diets that are going through. I am not someone who reaches for raw diet, especially for senior pets, because from a Chinese medicine perspective, they have to cook that food in their belly and they often can't do that. So raw diets are often Not ideal for senior pets, but you know, it is something I'm so open-minded to because there are a lot of dogs and cats who do well on this. And if it can be something that's more beneficial for our pets, we just really have to weigh all of our risks and benefits associated with that, right? The caveat of this research was that these parameters that they were measuring were done in healthy dogs, not cognitive testing and dogs that actually had cognitive dysfunction syndrome. So that being said, just because they had higher levels of protective antioxidants doesn't always mean that's going to play across into a lower risk of cognitive dysfunction, right? Things that exist in research don't always play out exactly how we would expect them to in real life. So for senior cats, there is a Prescription diet option. It is actually a joint diet. So it's called Hill's JD. This is originally an arthritis diet, but it does have the antioxidants, it has the omega-3s, and it has the L-carnitine that is shown to benefit the brain as well. So interestingly enough, there was a study done with this specific food for cats. And it said 70% of cats in a study showed improvement on their cognitive decline signs. while on this diet. So it is an option, even though it's not labeled JD means joint diet, even though it's not a labeled brain diet, it is something that could be used if your cat likes a kibble-based diet. Other things for cats, you know, we talked about all those other vitamins and supplements. Those can all be done ⁓ except for the lipoic acid in cats as well. But another thing, you know, still talking about these omega-3s, ⁓ EPA DHA components of things. And making sure that we are talking with our veterinarian about these options. There are a couple fresh diets now available for cats. I'm really excited that we're starting to have more options for it. One of the companies I tend to push people towards is called Nine and Line. And it is a fresh cat food company. They are a really good company who does a good job with their products. And I do appreciate they have some like, Early kidney disease, some late kidney disease, different things like that as well. You will not find a lot of people for cats who are going to help you formulate a home diet. And if you do find someone, please, please, please ask for their credentials. A nutritionist program, just going out and getting like dog nutrition degree or cat nutrition, unless you actually went to get a bachelor's or a master's in that. Just an online course or program that gets you to label that is not appropriate. There are a lot of things that go into an appropriate nutritional outlook for dogs and cats. And especially for cats, because I always tell people you can mess up dog diets and, you know, leave some stuff out for probably years before you're going to see any major organ organ damage or problems like that. Cats, you cannot mess that up. There are a lot of things that they cannot miss out on, especially like taurine is the big trigger word now recently. Taurine has been supplemented in cat foods since the 80s. So it's not something that all these cats are going around deficient in tarine. That's not real. But it does have to be supplemented externally into their diet. So if you are not and you're doing a home cooked diet, then they can go into heart failure and have some major issues with it. So just know that if you decide that you want to do a home cooked diet for a cat, there is going to be very specific things you need to monitor and make sure they are getting. And you're probably going to be doing a lot of like organ meat and things like that. So make sure you're comfortable with those types of things. Other things that I want to talk to you about are supplementation. There are a lot of supplements available on the market for these guys, and there's some that Have decent research behind them, and there's some that don't. Anytime we talk about a disease like dementia or arthritis, this is a progressive disease, right? So it is going to be hard to see improvements over a period of time with anything because it is a disease that slowly gets worse, right? And we're trying to look in a study and say, They're getting better. And there's always the thing that maybe we can stagnate it and not have them get any worse. And that sometimes is the win that we're going for. Not always that we're trying to reverse the cognitive decline that we're seeing. Maybe we are just hoping for stagnation of that decline. And that can be a win. That is something to think about too when we're looking at ⁓ these changes that can happen and these supplementations. Okay. So, one of the ones I want to talk to about in the UK, it's called Activate. In the US, we have a product called Solini Life, which are very similar. This is basically a blend of like DHA, phosphatidyl serine, curcumin, B vitamins, and antioxidants. The Activate itself has a clinical trial showing some great benefits. It is one of the ones that I do like and I do think has. Some positive results to it. I have had some clients have positive results with Selene Life. And then I've had some people that say they don't notice a difference. And typically, again, I'm gonna test it for one to two months, and then we're gonna say, did we see improvement? Did we not? And we'll we'll just kind of go from there, right? The Seleni Life is slightly different than the Activate. So it does have the phosphatidyl serine in it. It also has ginkgo boloba extract and has tocopherol in it. So It does have a study that was done as well that showed a highly significant improvement, but it just had the dogs and there was no placebo group associated with it. It was just eight patients that they put on the product. Anytime we have studies, we have to look at the whole picture. Is it something that we're seeing a large improvement? Is there a control group? Is it placebo? Is it blinded? There are a lot of details. So there is this placebo effect, and up to 40% of people can claim that they see an improvement with a placebo. So with something that's not even the actual medication. So it is important to make sure that you've written down some key factors that you're monitoring for and potentially have done some sort of a dementia checklist or gotten a value from that or arthritis checklist or whatever it may be to compare to in a month or two. So that you are not being a bystander of that placebo effect group. I don't want you to pay for something that's not gonna help and that's not, you know, actually benefiting your pet. And it's not worth a lot of times, it's hard to get them to take a bunch of additional things. So it's not worth affecting that quality of life either if it's not actually helping. So we do need to try and test these things and see are we actually noticing an improvement? And is it necessary that we continue to do that? Have you ever left the vet with more questions than answers? And then you drive home and you go straight on to Google. Yeah, I hear that a lot. And honestly, it's exactly why I created my senior pet virtual consultations. Imagine we have 45 minutes where we go through everything, your pet's full history, their specific challenges, their daily life, no rushing. We're gonna cover nutrition, integrative options, whole modifications, and quality of life. And I send you a personalized plan after so that nothing slips through the cracks here. But don't just take my word for it. Chelsea called it a senior pup therapy session and said she felt so much better afterwards. Adiba got recommendations her own vet had never thought to suggest, and Denise said that the consult was incredibly informative and helpful, giving her many options to help her dog Loki feel better. This is the conversation that your senior pet deserves. And honestly, The one you deserve too. The link is in the description. I'd love to help you. Now, I did talk about this a little bit earlier, but omega-3s are something that you can give externally outside of a diet as well in just like a supplement formulation. And these have shown to show cognitive benefits, especially at higher doses. I tend to use a slightly higher dose than the bottle uses for omega-3s for dogs and cats. We just have to slowly work up to that, right? But they have so shown cognitive benefits that EPA DHA are the main things you're looking for. So that's really important. Again, back to the MCT oil. If you're not using something that has MCT oil in it, like a supplement or a CBD product or a food, then you can just use MCT oil by itself. A lot of people like to use coconut oil. It's not the same. So we want to use like true MCT oil. Dr. Busby's makes a brain boost that is the only one that has been specifically formulated for dogs. at this time. So that's something definitely to look into as well. Other things that I want to touch on are there's a product called Leap Years. So this is what we call an NAD plus precursor plus what we call a synolytic. And basically what this product does, and I do ⁓ you know, work with this company a little bit too, just full disclosure, because I do, I do appreciate what they're doing and I do think that they're doing a really good job with their products. And essentially what this is is basically something that helps to break down these, like your brain gets these zombie cells as as they get dementia. And the idea with this is that it's going to go in there and it's going to kind of prevent formation of those zombie cells or like dead cells. And then it also helps to scrap out the zombie cells so that they don't like infect other cells into zombie cells, right? Kind of like a zombie apocalypse happened and This zombie touches the next one and it's gonna create that one into a zombie. So this is the way that that works is supposed to help to prevent that breakdown of the brain cells and then also to clear out the bad ones that are in there so they don't touch the other ones and make them sick. This study, they do have a study, and I will say this company does a good job of not like overstepping in the supplement world. They're not going to say things that are not true, they're not gonna like fluctuate. Or inflate what they say with their product. Like I see a lot of products doing on ads, which I appreciate a lot about them. They do get a lot of really positive feedback from people. But as far as their actual studies, they did a study at North Carolina State on 70 dogs, and they did have a mild to moderate impairment as far as like some cognitive decline. And they had a placebo, they had a low dose and they had a full dose. At three months, they scored different between those groups, but the biggest improvement was in that full dose group. They had a almost 90%, so 88.9% improved versus 60% on the placebo. So again, placebo effect is real. You're not gonna be immune to it. So make sure you're writing things down. But by six months, they didn't see a significant difference. Again, this is something that progresses. So Does that mean that it's not working? In my opinion, no. It means that if we're stalling things that we're doing a good job. I use leap years with my pets. I like it. My pets don't have any major symptoms of dementia at this time, but I'm trying to help prevent that. Another product, and this is something that we have available in the US. I've done virtual consultations. I did one with someone from Australia last week, which was really cool. And It's interesting to learn different places and what you can get places and not. So we have the availability here in the US to get CBD. And it's actually something you can buy over the counter. So there's a company called El Evet, E-L-L-E-VET. And then I also look at like Dr. Hemp Dog. A lot of people like to use locals. And I'm not saying that's wrong, but I am saying they don't have studies on their products on animals for the most part. So be aware of that. CBD is something that we can use. Ellivet, I really like that they are actually conjugated with this MCT oil. So it's nice because you don't have to add extra MCT oil. It's kind of already got it conjugated in there. It's a nice little thing that they do with it. And there are certain doses of CBD that may be able to help with dementia changes. I use this more so in like my anxiety patients, and it can be beneficial. I know in the UK, I believe that that was. They were just completely told there's no C BD allowed there. So I don't think that you, you guys that are there can get it. And one of the supplements saved the best for last year. One of my favorite supplements for dementia is interesting. And a lot of people don't know this. There's a product called denimarin, which is Sammy and Milk Thistle. And it actually, the Silbicin component, the milk thistle part. does have a lot of studies in ⁓ Chinese medicine and Western medicine that show improvement in cognitive decline with this milk thistle. We typically use denimarin as a liver support, so something that helps to support the liver. But they did have a dog trial and the the milk thistle is thought to have a brain protective ⁓ rationale behind it. So there was a study done in a mouse model, and they had two months and it significantly attenuated their cognitive deficits and three memory tests. And it also reduced that amyloid plaque disposition that that was noted for them too. So again, this is more so in mice and not always something that's been extrapolated across. I love denimarin because it's good for liver health and also it's good for brain health. So why not? The caveat with denimirin, unfortunately, is that has to be done in an empty stomach. Typically that specific component of it. So if you want to just do milk thistle, that's something you could talk to your veterinarian about. Okay. We covered a lot of things. I really think it's worthwhile to look into some of these supplements. I think that the big thing here is to know that each pet is going to be different in what they need and what they can handle and what works best for them. And anyone that tells you this one thing is perfect for every senior pet may not know any better because even fish oil, and I love fish oil, even fish oil isn't appropriate in some patients and in certain cases. So we do have to take each patient into account or each pet into account when we talk about these things. I am not licensed in nutrition. I am not licensed in food therapy. I learn a lot about it and I try to keep as up to date with it as I can. But there are veterinary licensed nutritionists, there are veterinary licensed food therapists you can always contact about formulating like a home cooked diet for your pet if that's something that you're interested in. These are some things that I wanted to give you information about. I think breaking down what ingredients are actually in these diets that make them good for brain health. is really interesting and important for us to know, especially when we're looking again in like a multivitamin or something like that as well. I hope this helped you out. I want you to know that you're doing a fantastic job. I hope this gave you a little bit more information about how to better feed and supplement your senior pet for good mental health and for good cognitive health. And understand that you were doing a fantastic job. I am so proud of you. And thank you for joining me and spending your time with me on another episode of Senior Pet Talk. Have a beautiful day. That's it for today. If this episode helped you, please leave a review or rate this podcast so we can get the word out to more pet parents who need to hear that they are doing a good job. And if you're interested in working more with me, you can find me on social media or at senior petconnection.com because we all need to stay connected. Remember that you are doing a great job with the information that you have in this moment. And I am just here to give you more of it. See you next week.