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The Isdal Woman: A Stranger in Ice Valley · Midnight Signals: History, Folklore and Unexplained Mysteries

• 0:01
  Russ Chamberlin: On the last Sunday of November nineteen seventy, a man was walking with his two young daughters in a valley above the city of Bedingen on the West Coast of Norway. It was cold and the path climbed through birch and scree beneath the mountain. One of the girls noticed a smell of burning. Among the rocks, a little way off the path, they found a woman. She was lying on her back, her hands clenched in front of her.
• 0:27
  Much of her body had been burned. Around her, scattered on the stones, were the remains of her belongings. Someone had taken the trouble to make sure that none of them could tell anyone who she was. This is Midnight Signals. The valley is called Istalen, in English, the Ice Valley.
• 0:47
  It lies only a short walk from the city, behind Mount Ulrichen, and in summer, people come up from Wergen to hike there. In winter it is gray and wet and almost always empty. People in Wergen had another name for it. Some called it Death Valley because over the years a number of people had gone up there and not come back. Bergen in 1970 was a busy port city, ringed by seven mountains and famous for its rain.
• 1:14
  Fishing boats and ferries crowded the harbor. Oil had just been discovered in the North Sea and the city was about to become one of the busiest offshore bases in Europe. Foreigners came and went all the time. A woman traveling alone, speaking German, would not have stood out for long. The police arrived within hours.
• 1:35
  What they found puzzled them from the start. The fire had been fierce at the front of the body. Her face had been burned beyond recognition, and her clothing had burned away across her chest and legs. Around her lay an empty bottle of a Norwegian liqueur called Saint Hovard, two plastic water bottles, and a melted plastic passport holder with no passport in it. There was an umbrella, a scarf, nylon stockings, a pair of rubber boots, a woolen jumper, a purse, a box of matches, a watch, earrings, and a ring.
• 2:09
  A fur hat lay nearby. It smelled of petrol. The officers noticed something about the clothing that did not survive the fire. On every item that could be examined, the labels had been removed. The tags had been cut out.
• 2:24
  The maker's marks had been rubbed away. Even the watch had been stripped of anything that might trace it to a buyer. The autopsy was carried out at the University of Bergen. It found that the woman had swallowed a large number of sleeping pills, a barbiturate sold under the name Phenomol. More pills were found at the scene, unswallowed.
• 2:45
  There was soot in her lungs. She had been alive and breathing when she burned. The pathologist put her age at somewhere between 25 and 40. She was about five foot four with dark brown hair. She had small brown eyes.
• 3:01
  Her teeth were unusual. They had been extensively worked on, with gold crowns and a style of dental work that the Norwegian dentists did not recognize. They thought it might have been done in South America or in Southern Or Central Europe. The teeth would become important, but not for nearly fifty years. Three days later, the police found her luggage.
• 3:24
  Two suitcases had been left in the left luggage office at the Bergen Railway Station. When they were opened, the officers knew at once that they belonged to the woman in the Valley. There were wigs, several of them. There was makeup and an eczema cream, again with the labels removed. There were maps and train timetables, a pair of glasses with plain lenses that did not correct anyone's sight, and a pair of sunglasses.
• 3:49
  On the glasses were her fingerprints. There was money. 500 Deutsche Marks in 100 mark notes and smaller amounts of Norwegian, Belgian, British and Swiss currency. There were clothes, carefully folded, and every one of them had been stripped of its labels. And there was a small notebook with a list of entries written in what appeared to be a code.
• 4:12
  Letters and numbers in short groups, row after row. The police began the slow work of tracing her movements. They checked the registration cards at hotels in Bergen and across the country. They found her almost at once. She had stayed in hotels in Oslo, Trondheim, Stavanger, and Bergen, sometimes more than once.
• 4:34
  She had used a different name almost every time. Investigators eventually counted at least eight identities: Genevieve Lancier, Claudia Tilt, Vera Jard, Fenella Loch, Alexia Zaarne Merchez, Elizabeth Linhauer, Claudia Nielsen. On every registration card, she gave her nationality as Belgian. The forms were filled in in German or in French. None of the names led to a real person.
• 5:03
  The notebook code, once the police understood that she had been moving between cities, began to make sense. It appeared to record dates and places, matching the cities and hotels where she had stayed. Whoever she was, she had been keeping careful track of her own journeys. It was a strange thing to do. A person trying to vanish does not usually keep a written record of where she has been unless the record was meant for someone else.
• 5:30
  Unless she expected, one day, to have to account for her movements. Hotel staff remembered her. She was attractive, polite, and well dressed. She kept mostly to her room. She seemed, one employee said, to be on her guard.
• 5:46
  She often asked to change rooms after checking in. At one hotel, staff overheard her speaking German with a man. One witness remembered that she smelled faintly of garlic. She spoke German and some French, a little Flemish, and broken English. No one could say what her native language was.
• 6:05
  Her last known hotel was the Hordeheimen in Bergen. She stayed in Room 407. On the November 23, she checked out, paid in cash and asked for a taxi. Six days later, she was found in the Valley. Nobody knows where she spent those six days.
• 6:25
  The more investigators learned, the more deliberate her journeys seemed. She had arrived in Norway from abroad, traveled up and down the country by train and by plane, and returned to Bergen more than once. In Stavanger, a shoe salesman remembered selling her a pair of rubber boots. They appear to have been the boots found beside her body in the valley. The Norwegian police sent her description and fingerprints abroad through Interpol.
• 6:52
  They contacted the authorities in Belgium, where she had claimed to come from, and in other countries across Europe. No one recognized her. No missing person report matched her. It was as though no one, anywhere, had noticed that she was gone. The circumstances suggested an obvious idea, and in 1970 it was not a strange one.
• 7:15
  Norway sat on the edge of the Cold War. It shared a border with the Soviet Union, and its coast was watched closely by both sides. That year, the Norwegian military had been carrying out secret trials of a new anti ship weapon, the Penguin missile, along the coast near Stavanger. When investigators compared the woman's travel dates with the dates of the missile tests, some of them appeared to line up. A fisherman later said he had seen a woman matching her description near the area where the tests took place.
• 7:46
  Some researchers have also pointed to other unexplained deaths and disappearances in Norway in the same period, close to military sites. None of them has ever been officially connected to her. A woman with eight passports, a coded notebook, a collection of wigs, and a habit of watching the coast. To many people in Bergen, the answer seemed clear. She was a spy.
• 8:11
  The police were cautious. Officially, the case was closed as a suicide. The woman had taken an overdose of pills and had died in a fire she had probably set herself, out of some private despair. But almost no one who studied the case was comfortable with that answer. Why would a woman planning to take her own life remove every label from every belonging she owned?
• 8:34
  Why would she burn herself after taking the pills? Why would she come to a remote valley in November with a bottle of liqueur and a fur hat soaked in petrol? And where was her passport? On the 02/05/1971, the woman was buried in the Murundal Cemetery in Wernigan. Because she had used the names of saints on some of her registration forms, the police assumed she was Catholic and she was buried with Catholic rites.
• 9:03
  16 police officers attended. No one else came. Her coffin was made of zinc so that her remains would be preserved and so that she could be easily brought up again one day if anyone ever discovered who she was. The officers photographed the service in case a relative should one day want to see it. Her grave was marked with a number.
• 9:26
  For more than forty years, nothing changed. In 2016, Norway's public broadcaster, NRK, reopened the case. Working with police and scientists, and later with the BBC, journalists went back through the files, tracked down witnesses who were still alive, and sent the surviving evidence for new tests. Some of the original material, including samples of her jaw and teeth, had been kept. The most important test was on her teeth.
• 9:55
  As a child grows, the enamel of their teeth takes in traces of the water and food around them. Different regions leave different chemical signatures, measured as ratios of isotopes of elements like oxygen and strontium. By reading those signatures, scientists can estimate where a person spent their earliest years. The results were remarkable. The woman had probably been born around 1930, give or take four years, and the chemistry of her earliest teeth pointed to a particular part of Europe.
• 10:27
  She had most likely been born in or near Nuremberg, in Southern Germany. The later teeth told a second part of the story. At some point in her childhood, she seems to have moved west toward France or the border between France and Germany. Handwriting experts who examined her registration cards believed she had been taught to write in a French speaking school. A girl born in Bavaria around 1930, raised in French speaking Europe through the years of war.
• 10:57
  That was not an identification, but it was the first time in nearly half a century that anyone could say where she had begun. If the chemistry is right, she began her life near the same city where, a hundred years earlier, a boy had appeared in a square with a letter in his hand and no past at all. Caspar Hauser spent his short life trying to find out where he came from. The woman in the Ice Valley seems to have spent hers making sure that no one could. One had nothing but a name, the other had eight names, and none of them was hers.
• 11:32
  And for both of them, the only answers that have ever come back have come from inside their bodies, long after they were gone. The investigators commissioned new portraits too. A forensic artist worked from the old photographs and the measurements of her skull to produce a set of sketches showing how she might have looked, with different hairstyles and wigs. They were shown to the surviving witnesses and published across Europe. People recognized her expression.
• 11:59
  Nobody recognized her name. Other clues followed. In 2019, DNA extracted from her remains revealed her maternal line, which pointed to ancestry in Southeastern Europe or Western Asia. Witnesses came forward. A man in Bergen said that days before the body was found, he had seen a woman dressed too lightly for the weather walking up the hillside, ahead of two men who did not look Norwegian.
• 12:25
  He said she looked as though she had given up. He said he had told the police at the time and had been advised to forget about it. From France came another account. A man said that in the late 1960s he had known a woman who matched her description. She spoke many languages, he said.
• 12:43
  She received telephone calls from abroad at fixed times. And when he asked her where she came from, she would not say. None of these leads has produced a name. The woman in the Ice Valley remains officially unidentified. Her grave is still in the Myrndal Cemetery.
• 13:00
  For decades, it carried no name. Visitors to Bergen sometimes go looking for it. The zinc coffin lies where it was placed in 1971, waiting, as the police intended, for the day someone comes to claim her. There are, in the end, three stories that people tell about her. In the first, she was a spy, an agent of some Cold War power, sent to watch the Norwegian coast and killed when her work was done or her cover was blown.
• 13:29
  It would explain the passports, the code, the wigs, the labels, the missile tests. It would also explain the police caution and the advice to a witness to forget what he had seen. In the second, she was something more ordinary and more sad. A woman living on the edges of society, moving from city to city under false names, perhaps working as an escort, perhaps involved in smuggling, Perhaps simply running from someone. Some researchers have argued that her travel patterns look less like espionage and more like a woman who earned her living from strangers in hotel rooms.
• 14:06
  In that story, the men she met were not her handlers. They were her danger. In the third story, she took her own life, as the police concluded. Perhaps she wanted to vanish so completely that no one would ever trace her family. Perhaps she wanted to protect someone.
• 14:24
  Perhaps she was the one who cut out every label and burned her own face and left her passport somewhere no one would ever look. None of the three explains everything. A spy would not usually carry a notebook recording her own movements, and a code simple enough for the local police to read. A woman working in hotels would not usually need eight forged identities, or a reason to stand near secret missile tests. And a woman who wanted to die quietly would not usually need to take sleeping pills, carry petrol up a mountain, and set herself alight in the open on a cold afternoon, a short walk from a city.
• 15:03
  Each explanation fits some of the facts and has to explain away the rest. Tonight's signal, it is the labels, the clothes, the cream, the glasses, the watch, every brand, every tag, every maker's mark removed by hand. It must have taken hours. Whoever did it was not in a hurry and was not afraid of being interrupted. They did it carefully, item by item, until there was nothing left to say where any of it had come from.
• 15:34
  It is the work of someone who knew exactly how people are found. And it worked. Except for one thing that no one can cut out. The water a little girl drank in Bavaria around 1930, still written in her teeth. Next time on Midnight Signals, we go back to England, to a Gloucestershire village in the spring of eighteen seventeen.
• 15:57
  A young woman appears at a cottage door wearing a black turban, speaking a language nobody has ever heard. Within weeks, the gentry of the county will be convinced she is a princess from a faraway island, and she will have every one of them exactly where she wants them. This has been a broadcast by Midnight Signals. I'm Russ Chamberlain, guiding you through the shadows where history meets mystery. Visit midnightsignals.net to continue the conversation, explore more episodes, and say hello.
• 16:27
  If you enjoyed tonight's journey, please like, subscribe, and drop a review. Until next time, stay vigilant, seek the hidden, and remember, in every silence there is a signal, and in every signal a story waiting to be told.