Latest / Mythmakers / Sidecast - LOTR: An Author's Journey, Book 2 Chapter 7

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Sidecast - LOTR: An Author's Journey, Book 2 Chapter 7 · Mythmakers

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  Hello and welcome to Mythmakers. Mythmakers is the podcast for fantasy fans and fantasy
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  creatives brought to you by the Oxford Centre for Fantasy and this is one of our sidecasts
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  where we take an author's look reading our way through the Lord of the Rings and today
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  we have reached chapter seven of book two which many of you will know is the chapter called
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  the Mirror of the Ladriel. It's not one of the longer chapters but it certainly packs a punch.
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  So looking at it it falls into three parts. We first of all have the meeting where the fellowship
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  encounter, Kellaborne and Galadriel for the first time and then there is an interlude which is
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  the sort of time passing moment but it also gives a chance for the members of the fellowship to
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  reflect on the loss of Gandalf. And then the final part is the Mirror of the title where Frodo
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  and Sam go and talk with Galadriel and see some elf magic. Well let's start back at the first of
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  those sections. We actually arrive we're still in the company of Haldeer making our way down to
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  the city if such a thing is perhaps it happened well settlement it might be a better term because
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  it doesn't feel very city-like. Anyway the the main settlement in Lothlorian which is
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  Karas Galathon. I was saying in the last chapter that in the film they gave the speech about it
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  being the heart of Elbundum on earth here when actually that was referring to a place the film
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  doesn't visit which is Karin Amroth. Karin Amroth the place where the flowers, Eleanor and
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  Nimrafil were spotted that is the spring-like green place and by contrast we arrive at Karin
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  we arrive at Karas Galathon got to get my Elbund cities right in the twilight and this is
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  significant because that little movement Tolkien is very deathly gesturing to the fact that we've
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  passed the spring of the elves and we are now in the twilight and that is a theme that Galadriel
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  herself will pick up later on in this chapter. So the elves are in their twilight the fellowship
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  arrive at that time of day. What I like about the approach to Karas Galathon is it's very specific
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  entrance. Have a look at the chapter again you'll see that Haldir says why they can't walk straight
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  in. It is a fortified place unlike the more open hilltop of Karin Amroth. So there is a sense of
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  the elves having retreated and they have these grass banks which defend the city.
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  There are quite a few fortifications like this not as beautiful but there is earthworks left over
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  from previous civilizations in English countryside. Iron Age Hill forts for example and they
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  are fortified by grassy banks so it's not hard to sort of imagine it as a forest version of one
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  of those. When I was reviewing this I was thinking about how this struck me when I very
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  read it at the very first time or a first few times of reading. I remember finding myself really
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  drawn to Lothlorian. I wanted to go there wanted to be there it cast a spell over me which I've been
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  looking for to see how Tolkien does it and I'm finding it a bit like catching a glimpse of something
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  I can't quite see out the corner of my eye. I can't put my finger on how the spell is cast over
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  I think it's probably an accumulative effect of course. I also now being a bit older I'm less
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  interested in having my holiday in Lothlorian wonderful though that would be. I think I'd prefer
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  Rivendell these days maybe I'm getting a bit like Bilbo but anyway I think Lothlorian is a place
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  that changes in your mind as you come back to it and I'll be interested to hear from any of you if
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  you still find the power as strong as when you first read it. And thinking about that sort of
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  glimpses that add up to a powerful spell about a place I think that in this chapter we can think
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  of Tolkien painting in watercolours rather than in oils. Let me explain what I mean by that it's
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  partly because there are colours that run into each other muted colours look at the number of times
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  the colours are described as silver grey and white in this chapter it's as though there's a
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  wash of colour in this twilight of these of these particular colours and as they climb up to the
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  talan which is the wooden described as like a deck of a ship we get a little bit of colour
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  which is the green background but what we've actually been what the watercolour is there to set
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  off is the two jewels at its heart. Kellabawn with his silver hair and Galadriel with her
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  golden famous golden blonde hair and if you sort of know anything about digging into the backstory
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  about her hair we'll talk about this in the next chapter in the gift giving but her hair has a
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  history all the way back through the Silmarillion or the earlier ages and both of them are described
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  as grave and beautiful. I think it's worth mentioning here that Tolkien is very deliberately
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  rewriting your expectation of elves he was coming out of a high high tide of Victorian fairy tales
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  of the little people diminutive the kind of flower fairy beautiful children's pictures but of tiny
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  creatures more like the fairies not the main characters but the fairy helpers in a midsummer night
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  stream moth piece bottom those ones and so he is trying to reclaim as grandeur and a seriousness
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  about elves and this is where he does it in these kind of descriptions there is a change of pace
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  when the elves start speaking they have a stately cadence and a beautiful
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  biblical resonance to what they say which we'll look at in a minute but first of all let's think
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  about Kellabawn who is he he's given more weight in this passage than he is in the film of course
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  the film version had to make choices about how much they were going to include
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  and Kellabawn only very briefly appears he gets a little bit more time in the extended version but
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  he's outacted out performed by Kate Blanchett as Galadriel of course and I suppose that is also true
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  here he is the prince prince consort to the queen because of his history that he is not one of the
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  elves who came over from the undying lands like his partner wife that seems the wrong
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  wrong term for an elf but anyway his partner in life so he is playing second fiddle to her in
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  some ways but he is more interesting when you dig back into his past talking wrote the story of
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  Kellabawn and Galadriel a couple of times and took a couple of directions with it and it's not
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  clear what the final version of that would have been I know the rings of power are struggling with
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  this that interpretation of the story because they've sort of dropped Kellabawn entirely in order to
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  have Galadriel as a free agent technically she was already married by then or already his partner by
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  then in most versions of this story but perhaps he's going to pop up again later on in that narrative
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  we'll have to see but he is a king in his own right a bit like Thrandriel is with the
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  woodland elves and he's been leading the peoples of Lothlothlorean for many many centuries
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  but he is silver to the gold and just like in the Olympics the gold medal is Galadriel
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  and it's notable that she starts in silence and thinking about how you project power
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  if you're thinking about your characterization the person who can remain silent often
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  is the one with the greatest power if you think about it it's not an enforced silence it's a chosen one
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  and she waits for the right moment to speak so there's sort of a dignity a waiting for
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  the the big act after the warm-up with Kellabawn. Kellabawn's greetings form a very useful
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  perform a very useful function and that is he is describing the arrivals as people successively
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  get up off the ladder and without needing any sort of narrative description to tell us who is
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  coming so it's a great way an economical way of setting the scene and it is interesting that the
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  first thing Galadriel really says is about the limits of her knowledge she's not claiming
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  she's not explaining all the power she has she's holding it back but she's also aware of her
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  limitations and that is really important because it's her recognition of the limits that she has been
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  given to remain Galadriel is actually the keynote of this chapter so it's clever that it's dropped
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  in here in reference to she can't see Gandalf there's a limit to what she knows about going on
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  in the world outside her borders and the announcement that Gandalf has fallen into shadow
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  which Arrigal makes as the leader of the company is doesn't go down well to say the least
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  and Kellabawn is so stung by it also shocked that he lapses into Elvish which is not a polite
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  thing to do in a room where you have strangers and it's notable here that Legolas is the one
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  who interrupts to bring it back into the common speech and and there's like a sort of interesting
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  passing it down the line of the fellowship they're taking responsibility together for breaking
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  this news Frodo gives a summary and Gimli also admits that it was Duin's bane and Arrigal
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  does the heavy lifting of actually explaining what happened to Gandalf so you get a sense of the
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  fellowship working together there when they're breaking this news now have you thought
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  how few married couples there are outside of the Shire in Lord of the Rings married couple as in
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  committed to each other we've got of course Tom Bombadil and Goldbury who are actually strange
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  echoes of the Kellabawn and Galadriel there's something about Goldbury and Galadriel like the way
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  they're described but anyway that's one successful equal partnership and here we've got another
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  with Kellabawn and Galadriel and I don't think we see another married couple until the very end
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  when you get the wedding bells and everybody else is either widowed or well yes there's
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  lots of widowers in fact or the parents have already died so there have been sent away so it's rare
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  so let's see what Tolkien does with his married couple he lets them argue in a very dignified way
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  but Galadriel actually gently reprimands her partner for his not understanding of the grief
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  of the company before them and Kellabawn is in fact you know so made not made encouraged to
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  we say to apologise and we see Galadriel's greatness here in this speech giving the dwarven names
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  for the places which no doubt have their own Elvish names Kedad Saram Casadum and it's that coming
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  over to Gimli's side the empathy for the other which marks out the good people in this story
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  good people can imagine what it's like to be the other evil can only imagine itself
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  and Kellabawn also by accepting and admitting he was wrong also shows that he has greatness
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  so that's it's even harder to admit you're wrong isn't it that's probably one of the most
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  challenging things in a marriage so we get a sense that their partnership has worn itself into a
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  not boring but equal give and take there's a wonderful line break here where Gimli
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  bows to Galadriel after her courteous answer and says yet more fair is the living land of
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  lorian and the lady Galadriel is above all the jewels that lie beneath the earth now that's being
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  polite in the home of your host but it's also really significant that a dwarf will think the
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  most valuable thing are not jewels but a person Galadriel herself and that is really a massive
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  turning point for Gimli because jewels and riches don't have a grip on him in fact
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  the ones who escape the grip of the desire to possess are the ones who come through this
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  quest the best and this is the moment where Gimli presents that about himself
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  and significantly there is a line break here which encourages you as the reader to
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  appreciate that moment because there isn't a scene change it's just a pause in the narrative
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  in fact it's a silence even so Kellaborne admits that he haven't thought about
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  the feelings of Gimli and he makes up for it by being very courteous and offering hospitality
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  particularly to Frodo the one of the little folk who bears the burden now in this give and take
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  notice that Galadriel in her speech is putting the spotlight on Kellaborne she says for the lord
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  of the Galathrim is accounted the wisest of the elves of middle earth I suppose Elrond is half
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  elven and she came maybe she isn't counting herself in that anyway it's very nice to say that
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  about her husband and a giver of gifts beyond the power of kings he has dwelt in the west since
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  the days of dawn and I have dwelt with him years uncounted for air the fall of Nagathron and
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  Gondolin I passed over the mountains and together through the ages of the world we have fought the
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  long defeat there's a lot packed into that one speech these names which you can look up in the
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  appendices or in the Silmarillion are the glimpses of the vistas which Tolkien doesn't explain that
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  sense of depth in his world but also significant is that she presents their existence in middle
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  earth as fighting the long defeat this is the northern air of the story the Ragnarok that
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  the the long defeat the twilight of the gods it's all those things that Tolkien loved which
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  he's putting into his elven culture and I would say that if you were thinking of what is the mood
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  music for middle earth it is Elojai it is melancholy and so even somewhere as beautiful as
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  Lothlorian has that about it the Shire by contrast actually seems a bit more upbeat and hopeful
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  but that's possibly because that is a part of a particular part of the world of men but this
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  world of the elves is passing she also uses this moment to set out the stakes as a writer it's
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  good to keep reminding if you're going to have a pause like this in a in a place which is a
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  respiter haven keep reminding that the drumbeat of urgency is running underneath and she does this
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  by very vividly telling them that the quest stands upon the edge of a knife stray but a little and
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  it will fail to the ruin of all the stakes couldn't be higher but yet she also says hope remains
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  while all the company is true and she searches their hearts by holding them in her gaze
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  and this is where we get the sense of her quiet power that sees into the heart of things
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  and then that particular encounter and that scene comes to an end with a very biblical cadence
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  if you in fact everything they say has a sort of stately pace about it it's like sung almost like
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  song it's got a beautiful beautiful rhythm but the refrain do not let your hearts be troubled
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  which Galadriel says versions of that several times is of course echoing things like what
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  angels say in the Bible do not be afraid Mary there's a sense of they are these creatures of
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  command and able to grant peace which gives them a sort of higher stature and is part of creating
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  the spell of Reston peace that is Lothlorian so that's the first section the company don't get to see
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  our Kellaborn and Galadriel very much they then spend the next part on their own resting
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  and here there's some lovely details to sort of highlight in this section and first of all they
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  discuss what it was like to be under the gaze of Galadriel and this is a way of taking the
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  temperature of all the characters reminding us of of their own character asks some of course
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  is the frankest he felt like he didn't have any clothes on but he's also the most innocent because
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  he will just blur that out Mary says I felt like that too but he's also guarded he starts speaking
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  there is a sort of maturity arising in Mary that he isn't so ready to give everything away
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  he's sort of between Sam and Frodo on the Hobbit scale and we've got Boramir who gives himself away
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  despite himself because he says it's almost as if she was offering and he's suspicious about her
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  purposes so obviously it's hard to remember what it felt like to do that read this the first time
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  but there's a sense here that he's got this fixation this desire this thirst for something
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  obviously the ring that is taking a grip of his heart and notably Frodo keeps his council
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  he is beginning to remove himself he knows that he is set apart by his quest and he makes decisions
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  on his own and increasingly including the one that comes at the end of this book and it's notable
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  here in terms of character arcs and taking the temperature of what's going on in the fellowship
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  that yet again we see Aragon top the words of Boramir or exert his control the king versus the
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  steward's son he says speak no evil of the Lady Galadriel so he gets the final word
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  in the in the balance of power between Boramir and Aragon it is an interesting thought experiment
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  to work out what would have happened as they somebody actually raises later in the book if Boramir
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  had lived and both Aragon and he were in Minnes Tirith what would have happened
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  he's very unlikely to be as accommodating as Faramir is he so as we hear about the rest time in
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  Lothlorian we also get the surprising news that Gimli has become
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  Legolas's companion as they go about the country which has been brewing but I think there's been
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  a number of things that have pushed it this way first of all there was Gandalf's appeal to them
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  to be friends or to help each other but clearly Gimli's astounding response to Galadriel
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  has also changed things with Legolas and this is the moment at which their friendship they become
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  an inseparable duo which is rather beautiful and lovely we've lost Gandalf
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  and all of us readers and the fellowship are grieving his loss when you read it the first time you
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  may well think he is gone for good and so it's good that there's a pause here and a chance for
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  a reflection on what it means and this is done as it so often is in Tolkien in poetry and unusually
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  it is Frodo who composes the poem he is Bilbo's nephew so we know he knows a thing or two about
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  poetry but it said he normally uses the words of others and what he actually composes here is
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  a quite simple ballad style poem simple meter alternate rhymes and it has some fine touches in it
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  in the BBC audio version you might be interested to hear how they do this because Bilbo
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  played by Ian Holmes sort of chants it very quickly and almost embarrassedly as if he's
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  ashamed of the standard of his verses not living up to his grief that's an interesting interpretation
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  of it but they're actually there's something quite fine about it a deadly sword a healing hand
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  a back that bent beneath its load a trumpet voice a burning brand a weary pilgrim on the road
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  that sort of sketching out of the different aspects of Gandalf the old man in a battered hat
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  lovely and of course Sam still being open and honest comes up with his own little verse of the cuff
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  about Gandalf's fireworks and what this tells us about Sam is his mind always goes back to the
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  Shire because Gandalf is synonymous with fireworks in the Shire despite the experience of what's
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  happened on the road that's where Sam's mind goes which is rather sweet and it prepares us for
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  what he is going to see in Galadriel's mirror because of course he is the one who sees the vision
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  of the Shire and now we reach the final third of this chapter which is about Galadriel's mirror
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  it starts with a conversation between Frodo and Sam where we get a sense of Sam's growing
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  perception of the world around him because he he's thinking about the different natures of
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  magic and he makes a very interesting observation that they're elves and elves of course there are
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  whether they've made the land or the lands made them it's hard to say it's wonderfully quiet here
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  nothing seems to be going on and nobody seems to want it to if there's any magic about it it's
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  right deep down so he's feeling his way to understand this mysterious place and he says that
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  the elves belong here even more than the Hobbits do in the Shire that's a very interesting
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  perception from him because of course many people lived in the Shire before the Hobbits
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  now Galadriel approaches them at this point when they've just been talking about elves and their
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  magic and she takes them to her del this is done another twilight scene in a dark
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  down going going down into a darker place a quiet place on their own the film chose to drop Sam
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  out of this which you can see why they did it for dramatic purposes but I think it really fits
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  that Sam is party to this because Sam of course is arguably co-hero in this tale and what he sees
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  here is an important part of him committing himself to the quest again the mirror which Galadriel
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  refuses well she finds it hard to describe what elven magic is for her it's just what she does
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  natural to her but she describes it like prophecy Tolkien as a Catholic would have been aware of the
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  number of ways the Old Testament prophecies are applied to the New Testament and it seems a bit like
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  that when you listen to the description of elven magic he says cryptically that the mirror shows things
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  that were things that are and things that yet may be but which it is he sees even the wisest cannot
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  always tell it's not an easy thing looking into the mirror of Galadriel anyway Sam is always up for
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  a challenge and he wants to use it to look at what's going on at home and of course it gives him
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  his heart's desire but not with the result he wants it's clear on the second reading what he's
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  seeing we can see through the riddles but reading it for the first time we don't know at what point
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  these things are happening in the shower if they're happening at all it's dreamlike it's
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  it's not comfortable everything Sam sees is like a very bad dream of disjointed going upstairs
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  finding Frodo cold and pale on the ground and so on and he gets angrier and angrier particularly
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  as he sees what is going on the shower and it culminates the page break with him declaring that when
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  he gets back someday if I it turns out to be true someone is going to catch it hot and there's a
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  line break but what's important here is that it follows on for his testing at the first meeting
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  where he was offered to go home and here is a moment where he speaks out loud his resolution that
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  he has to go on he's got something he has to do I'm going home by the long road with Mr Frodo on
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  or at all and of course that's very heroic of him and very very brave when when Sam first says I
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  must go home Galadriel says if you do that those things may come true you can't avoid you can't change
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  what you do on the strength of what you think is being prophesied and anyone with a
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  understanding of classical myths knows that's the kind of thing that Eidipus tried to do he tried
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  to avoid triggering the curse on his family but that very action of leaving is what made it all
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  happen so that's like a classical trope there which Tolkien is dropping in you can't avoid
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  what's coming even if you can sort of see that it might be coming down the line for you
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  now turning to Frodo what's interesting about Frodo in this chapter in particular is
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  he often turns it back on Galadriel because he asks that do you advise me to do this he asks the
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  same of Gildor back in the Shire when he met the elves for the first time and was told then go
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  not to the elves for council they don't give a straight answer but here he actually manages to get
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  something approaching of a straight answer which is that Galadriel says I think you have the
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  courage and wisdom enough for the venture but it's your choice do as you will and his vision is
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  different from Sam's of course and if you're going to do a repeated spell like this it's good to
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  make sure they're very distinct where as Sam's was fretful and dreamlike and frustrated
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  Frodo's is more like a vast pageant of history glimpses of parts of the history
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  but it has a sort of almost elegic end because we hear we see the very end of the story
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  oddly enough in the middle of this we get the sun went down in a burning red that faded into a
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  gray mist and into the mist a small ship passed away twinkling with lights so that's the end of
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  the story just dropped in here subtly and then of course the eye takes over so we've gone through
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  this pageant of history and then it's all in this big black void with the slit pupiled eye of
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  Sauron look for a chance to bring in your villain talking is doing something unusual in this tale
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  because his villain isn't present it is Sauron doesn't come out of Baradur his presence is felt
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  like this in visions in dreams in confrontations in the Palantir through the action of his
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  minions so it's always good to have the moments where you can to bring the evil into the story to
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  remind us what we're fighting against and note too that Galadriel calmly has the power to resist
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  that she's able to block Sauron seeing any further so you get the sense of who is ranged
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  against who though she does say that that is only a temporary thing while the rings remain hidden
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  and she talks about how even if they destroy the ring that she will have the choice then
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  either to dwindle or depart middle earth again this twilight theme but then comes the absolute
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  crunch of this chapter which is clever old Frodo turning it back on Galadriel again
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  she tests she tested them on first meeting he now tests her in the deepest way that he could
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  he offers her the ring freely temptation and how people respond to temptation of the ring is
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  absolutely key to Lord the Rings it's how we know what's in the hearts of everybody
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  and the way she responds is wonderfully dramatic because she can imagine herself as that person
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  she has the understanding to project what would happen if she took the ring and we get a glimpse
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  of it it's done in this wonderful soaring language in place of the dark Lord you will set up a queen
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  and I shall not be dark but beautiful and terrible as the morning and the night fair as the sea
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  and the sun and the snow upon the mountain dreadful as the storm and the lightning stronger than
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  the foundations of the earth or shall love me and despair a wonderful dichlamatory stuff
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  and for a moment we glimpse that but her greatness is that she knows that's the wrong choice
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  just as Gandalf knew it was the wrong choice just as Aragon knows it's the wrong choice
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  and she passes the test and she has this wonderful sad but triumphant line I pass the test I will
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  diminish and go into the west and remain gladriel that could have been the end the chapter but there's
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  a little coder I think is how it works as a reader is it is it lets us decompress emerge from
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  this key moment and part of the decompression is the slight glint of humour which Sam often provides
• 36:47
  because he cannot see the thoughts of the others wearing the rings and gladriel says
• 36:55
  you can't because you haven't tried but also the ring gives power according to the stature
• 37:02
  of the wearer but already Frodo perceptions are sharper than before and Sam couldn't see what was
• 37:11
  going on and then Sam gives a little bit of his own hobbit sense he says to tell you the truth
• 37:20
  I wondered what you were talking about I saw a star through your finger but if you pardon me speaking
• 37:25
  out I think my master was right I wish you'd take his ring you've put things to write you'd stop
• 37:31
  them digging up the gaffer and turning him a drift you'd make some folk pay for their dirty work
• 37:38
  and this is the sort of this is where it lands this chapter I would she said that is how it would
• 37:44
  begin but it would not stop with that alas we will not speak of it more let us go so it's a little
• 37:53
  refrain a reprise of the main elements of this last third the things going wrong in the shy
• 38:00
  the desire to put it right but also that's not how it's going to get put right there isn't a quick fix
• 38:07
  to the problems of middle earth they've got to go the long route to mount doom to fix things
• 38:13
  and to do that they have to leave La Florian
• 38:23
  thanks for listening to MythMakers podcast brought to you by the Oxford Centre for Fantasy
• 38:30
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• 38:37
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• 38:44
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