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50 - Winston Churchill - The Paradoxical Prime Minister · Who Did What Now With Katie Charlwood

• 0:00
  Speaker 1: You're listening to an airwave media podcast.
• 0:17
  Speaker 2: Hi, everybody, welcome to Who Did What Now? The history
• 0:20
  Speaker 2: podcast that's not your history class with me, your host KERRYE. Charlwood,
• 0:25
  Speaker 2: History Harlot and reader of books brought Do you buy
• 0:29
  Speaker 2: your wave Media? Did I need to make a weird
• 0:35
  Speaker 2: trumpet noise with my hand? No? Did I do it anyway? Yes?
• 0:40
  Speaker 2: Did I enjoy it? Absoluckingly? I did? Because why shouldn't
• 0:44
  Speaker 2: we have trumpets blaring for the fiftieth episode. I don't
• 0:51
  Speaker 2: know why I'm giving like strange Yiode theme music to this.
• 0:55
  Speaker 2: I don't know why. It just seems appropriate. Clearly, I've
• 0:57
  Speaker 2: been up too long, and do you have a favorite?
• 1:00
  Speaker 2: To ask all of you? But I'm gonna put it
• 1:01
  Speaker 2: at the end of the show because let's I'm gonna
• 1:04
  Speaker 2: talk too much here. But this is the fiftieth episode,
• 1:08
  Speaker 2: and I wanted to do something big and well, it
• 1:13
  Speaker 2: is the fiftieth episode. I really should go bold and
• 1:16
  Speaker 2: brash and somebody who's really well known, like one of
• 1:20
  Speaker 2: the most famous people in history for a variety of
• 1:24
  Speaker 2: reasons in a variety of locations. But before we get
• 1:29
  Speaker 2: into all of that, update on me my voice hasn't
• 1:33
  Speaker 2: fully healed, and my voice is still craggly and croquet.
• 1:37
  Speaker 2: And you know what I need.
• 1:39
  Speaker 3: Remember Matthew Lillard who played Shaggy on Scooby Doo the movies, Well,
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  Speaker 3: he would like scream himself hoarse and they would make
• 1:48
  Speaker 3: him these like special drinks to sew his throat and
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  Speaker 3: like protect his larynx.
• 1:54
  Speaker 2: I must find out that recipe because that's what I need.
• 1:57
  Speaker 2: That's what I need. Luckily, though, my voice is much
• 2:01
  Speaker 2: better than it was. I can actually talk for lengths
• 2:03
  Speaker 2: of time now. Before I could probably muster like thirty seconds,
• 2:07
  Speaker 2: and I was just down. I was out. There was
• 2:10
  Speaker 2: no more coming out. It was getting pretty difficult for
• 2:13
  Speaker 2: a couple of days. But dinner right now, we're just
• 2:15
  Speaker 2: gonna We're gonna go through. That being said, it wasn't
• 2:20
  Speaker 2: the only sort of shit to happen to me over
• 2:22
  Speaker 2: the last couple of weeks. So I took a tumble
• 2:25
  Speaker 2: last Saturday. I was walking into work one morning and
• 2:29
  Speaker 2: I had my headphones in, glasses on, sun was glaring.
• 2:34
  Speaker 2: Didn't have my sunglasses because for some reason, I don't
• 2:37
  Speaker 2: own prescription sunglasses this year. But whatever, So I'm trotting
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  Speaker 2: down the street, got my headphones in the sun is shining.
• 2:45
  Speaker 2: I'm singing along to stick It to the Man from
• 2:47
  Speaker 2: the school Rock soundtrack because it's a bop. And I'm
• 2:51
  Speaker 2: on my merry way and there was this portable street
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  Speaker 2: signing that I do not fucking see. But one of
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  Speaker 2: the feet is like straight and the other one is
• 2:59
  Speaker 2: like bent up. So I step over the first step,
• 3:02
  Speaker 2: but I get caught on the second one and I
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  Speaker 2: start flying through the air very ungracefully, I might add,
• 3:09
  Speaker 2: and both of my palms head off the ground, and
• 3:14
  Speaker 2: I somehow twist my right hand because it's still holding
• 3:18
  Speaker 2: my iPhone, and I'm like, not the fawn, protect the fawn.
• 3:22
  Speaker 2: And while I do that, somehow I managed to flip
• 3:26
  Speaker 2: myself onto my back, thus making sure my head isn't
• 3:30
  Speaker 2: hit off the ground, hooray. But my back somehow lands
• 3:34
  Speaker 2: on the feet of this portable sign. I lie there
• 3:41
  Speaker 2: on the ground and I'm like, well, this is embarrassing.
• 3:44
  Speaker 2: I actually said that out loud. I did, And I
• 3:46
  Speaker 2: look over and there's two people sitting on a fence
• 3:48
  Speaker 2: just watching me lying there.
• 3:51
  Speaker 4: So I get up to create myself off.
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  Speaker 2: There's like dust and dirt and both of my hands
• 3:58
  Speaker 2: are scraped in the When I had to sterilize my
• 4:01
  Speaker 2: hands at work, it was not a pleasant experience, let
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  Speaker 2: me tell you. And like my hip was a wee
• 4:07
  Speaker 2: bit sore, my knee was a wee bit sore. So
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  Speaker 2: you know, which was fine. I can handle that, And
• 4:12
  Speaker 2: for most of the day I was absolutely grand. Butin
• 4:14
  Speaker 2: like an hour before closing, I start getting these pains
• 4:19
  Speaker 2: so like up my forearms, up my thighs and my back,
• 4:23
  Speaker 2: like my neck. I was just so sore. And when
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  Speaker 2: I got home, I was kind of really stiff when
• 4:30
  Speaker 2: I was having trouble moving, and then during the week
• 4:35
  Speaker 2: it's kind of reduced itself to what I can only
• 4:37
  Speaker 2: describe as a stinging pain in the back of my ribs.
• 4:42
  Speaker 2: But everything else seems to be functioning thine, So I
• 4:45
  Speaker 2: like to think I'm basically good now, But yeah, I
• 4:50
  Speaker 2: wasn't feeling great. So between the voice and the entire
• 4:53
  Speaker 2: fucking body being fucked about, there was no way I
• 4:56
  Speaker 2: was going to be fit to record anything like it
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  Speaker 2: just wasn't happening. Oh and before we go any further,
• 5:02
  Speaker 2: I want to dedicate this episode to Ruth and jan
• 5:05
  Speaker 2: from Prince Bishops, who brought to an event what I
• 5:08
  Speaker 2: can only describe as the most perfect bingo card, and
• 5:13
  Speaker 2: it really made my night. It's my favorite thing ever.
• 5:16
  Speaker 2: And so this episode is dedicated to you, ladies. But
• 5:21
  Speaker 2: I know what you're thinking. You're thinking quite your gibber
• 5:23
  Speaker 2: chavert in fact me, In fact you I will. But
• 5:26
  Speaker 2: first we've got to get our source on. And our
• 5:29
  Speaker 2: sources are many, lots, so many. My Early Life by
• 5:37
  Speaker 2: Winston Churchill. In Search of Churchill by Martin Gilbert Churchill
• 5:42
  Speaker 2: and Secret Service by David Stafford. In Command of History Churchill,
• 5:47
  Speaker 2: Fighting and Writing the Second World War by David Reynolds.
• 5:51
  Speaker 2: The Iron Curtain Churchill, America and the Origins of the
• 5:54
  Speaker 2: Cold War by Fraser J. Harbert Churchill. The End of
• 5:59
  Speaker 2: Glory by John Harmly. Rethinking Churchill by Shashy. The Rule
• 6:04
  Speaker 2: a feeling. I have pronounced that wrong. War Office Files
• 6:08
  Speaker 2: W zero one eighty eight British National Archives. I'm not
• 6:13
  Speaker 2: referencing code name bananas just because it does mention Churchill.
• 6:17
  Speaker 2: Though you are correct, you are correct war it it
• 6:24
  Speaker 2: does have the war and it does mention Churchill. You're
• 6:26
  Speaker 2: absolutely correct. Okay, now you put down code name bananas. Okay,
• 6:30
  Speaker 2: we're gonna read that tonight afterwards after a movie Changing direction.
• 6:34
  Speaker 2: British Military Planning for post war Strategic Defense nineteen forty
• 6:38
  Speaker 2: two to forty seven. Echoes of Experiment in Unleashing a
• 6:42
  Speaker 2: Demon by Robert McNeil Churchill and The Bomb and War
• 6:46
  Speaker 2: and Cold War by Kevin Ruin Operation Unthinkable, Its significance
• 6:50
  Speaker 2: and development of the Cold War by Sam Hines. We
• 6:53
  Speaker 2: also have the National Archives dot gov dot UK, the
• 6:58
  Speaker 2: Historypress Upcode dot UK and Winston Churchill dor Org Churchill
• 7:03
  Speaker 2: and the Tony Pande Riots by Anthony More O'Brien Churchill,
• 7:07
  Speaker 2: Troops and Strikers by Richard Langworth, Churchill's Secret War, The
• 7:10
  Speaker 2: British Empire and the Ravaging of India during World War
• 7:13
  Speaker 2: II by Majusrie Muker g Id Totally Pronounced That Wrong.
• 7:19
  Speaker 2: Famine in the twentieth Century by Stephen de Vereux. Taste
• 7:23
  Speaker 2: of War World War Two in the Battle for Food
• 7:25
  Speaker 2: by Lizzie Collingham, Ingredients of Famine, Analysis, Availability and Entitlements
• 7:30
  Speaker 2: by Amartya Sen. The Famine Inquiry Commission of nineteen forty five.
• 7:35
  Speaker 2: How British rule changed India's economy, The paradox of the
• 7:38
  Speaker 2: Raj by Turtanker Roy India at War, the Subcontinent in
• 7:42
  Speaker 2: World War Two by Yasmin Khan, Gallipole by Peter Hart
• 7:47
  Speaker 2: Gardens of Hell, Battles of the Galipoly Campaign by Patrick
• 7:50
  Speaker 2: Garieppe Galipole, the End of the Myth Robin Pryor. I
• 7:56
  Speaker 2: was told that you pronounce it Galipoly and not Gallipoli.
• 8:00
  Speaker 2: But in the current Sandman series Charles Dance pronounced it Gallipoli,
• 8:05
  Speaker 2: So so why am I getting called out? Not Charles
• 8:08
  Speaker 2: Dance just saying the War of the World, History's Age
• 8:12
  Speaker 2: of Hatred by Niall Ferguson. Civilization and Frightfulness. Air Control
• 8:16
  Speaker 2: in the Middle East Between the Wars by Charles Townsend,
• 8:19
  Speaker 2: A conditional norm chemical warfare from colonialism to contemporary civil
• 8:22
  Speaker 2: wars by Dorin Horshik and whuns Murat tis Kurr. I'm gonna,
• 8:29
  Speaker 2: like a puff apologize people for not pronouncing things even
• 8:33
  Speaker 2: remotely properly. So on top of that, we have history.
• 8:38
  Speaker 2: I think that's all of the sources. I have a
• 8:40
  Speaker 2: feeling that I've missed one or two. But you'll be fine.
• 8:44
  Speaker 2: So are you sitting comfortably good? Then let's begin hold
• 8:52
  Speaker 2: on to your bonnets and riches. It's time to talk
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  Speaker 2: about Winston Churchill. So Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born
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  Speaker 2: on the thirtieth of November eighteen seventy four at Blenham Palace,
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  Speaker 2: which was like his family's ancestral home in Oxfordshire. He
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  Speaker 2: was born to Lord Rudolph Churchill, a Tory MP, and
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  Speaker 2: Jenny Spencer Churchill formerly Jenny Jerome, who was an American
• 9:21
  Speaker 2: born British socialite. Basically, his dad was polished and his
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  Speaker 2: mum was rich. When Churchill is two years old, his
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  Speaker 2: paternal grandfather, John Spencer Churchill, he gets appointed as the
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  Speaker 2: Viceroy for Ireland because at that time Ireland was still
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  Speaker 2: under British rule, and his dad, Randolph, he becomes his
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  Speaker 2: grandfather's private secretary because nepotism, and they end up relocating
• 9:45
  Speaker 2: to Dublin. So Winston's brother, Jack, his younger brother. He
• 9:49
  Speaker 2: is actually born in Dublin in eighteen eighty and perhaps
• 9:53
  Speaker 2: as many Churchill as we get, you get those two
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  Speaker 2: and then you're done. They have an heir and a
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  Speaker 2: spare after this. Jenny and Randolph, who I am desperately
• 10:04
  Speaker 2: trying not to call Ridolph I'm so tempted, and I
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  Speaker 2: feel like I may have already done it. So they
• 10:09
  Speaker 2: become estranged and Winston and Jack they get raised by
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  Speaker 2: a nanny, Elizabeth Everest, which in fairness isn't really unusual
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  Speaker 2: for the era. I mean, it's Edwardian. You know, they
• 10:22
  Speaker 2: had nannies and maids and all that jazz. You know,
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  Speaker 2: that was just part of the part. But Elizabeth Everest,
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  Speaker 2: she is quite probably the closest thing to a maternal
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  Speaker 2: or familial figure that Winston and Jack have. The closest
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  Speaker 2: thing they have to an affectionate family member is someone
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  Speaker 2: they paid But again, social standing, posh people in the past,
• 10:48
  Speaker 2: not surprising. When Turchall was seven, he gets sent to
• 10:52
  Speaker 2: boarding school over to Saint George's and Ascott Ascott Well,
• 10:58
  Speaker 2: as we did back then, once the boy at a
• 11:00
  Speaker 2: certain age, they get shipped off to boarding school and
• 11:02
  Speaker 2: become someone else's problem for like three quarters of the year.
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  Speaker 2: So he goes to the school and things do not
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  Speaker 2: go well. Academically he's subpar and behavior wise he's kind
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  Speaker 2: of shitty. But by the time he's ten they send
• 11:17
  Speaker 2: him off to another school where his academics improve just
• 11:21
  Speaker 2: a wee bit, and then when he has to do
• 11:23
  Speaker 2: his entrance exam into secondary school, he barely passes, like
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  Speaker 2: he just makes it. He skins.
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  Speaker 4: Like, he just about makes it into the school.
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  Speaker 2: Honestly, I think some golden handshakes were involved in that
• 11:40
  Speaker 2: to just get him through, to be honest. So during
• 11:43
  Speaker 2: his school years it became very clear that he was
• 11:46
  Speaker 2: not going to be some amazing academic. So his last
• 11:50
  Speaker 2: three years of school were like an army form. It's
• 11:55
  Speaker 2: like teenage Soldier Army Training mg TE Night Soldier Army Training,
• 12:02
  Speaker 2: TU Night Soldier Army Training, teen Night Soldier Army Training.
• 12:07
  Speaker 2: They're coming after you. Now, pretty good, bar, I regret nothing.
• 12:11
  Speaker 2: That was ridiculous, and I don't even know if I'll
• 12:13
  Speaker 2: keep that in. So anyway, he applies for the military
• 12:17
  Speaker 2: Academy at Sandhurst and he fails, and so he applies
• 12:22
  Speaker 2: a second time, and he fails again, and then he
• 12:26
  Speaker 2: applies a third time in this time, this time he
• 12:29
  Speaker 2: actually makes it in third time, lucky. Third time is
• 12:33
  Speaker 2: a charm. That's fine, that's fine. So yeah, he gets
• 12:37
  Speaker 2: accepted as a cadet in the cavalry. And so he's
• 12:40
  Speaker 2: at Sandhurst and he graduates in January of eighteen ninety five,
• 12:44
  Speaker 2: and then in February his dad dies, which isn't great.
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  Speaker 2: On the plus side, though, he gets commissioned as a
• 12:52
  Speaker 2: second lieutenant in the Fourth Queen's Own Hussar's Regiment of
• 12:55
  Speaker 2: the British Army, based an Aldershot. But of course he
• 12:59
  Speaker 2: isn't happy kicking altar shot. Oh No, he wants to
• 13:02
  Speaker 2: go out into the world. He wants to see real
• 13:04
  Speaker 2: military action. He is chomping at the bit and so
• 13:08
  Speaker 2: he does what any nepotism baby would do and uses
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  Speaker 2: his mum's connections to get him a posting.
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  Speaker 5: In his own words, he was scurrying about the world
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  Speaker 5: from one exciting scene to another in the good old
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  Speaker 5: days when England had a lot of jolly little walls
• 13:27
  Speaker 5: against Barber's peoples.
• 13:30
  Speaker 2: Yes, that is gonna be my Winston Churchill voice for
• 13:32
  Speaker 2: the rest of it. Every time I use a quote
• 13:34
  Speaker 2: from him, I'm gonna do it in that shitty, shitty impression.
• 13:38
  Speaker 2: You're just gonna have to deal with it, my friends. Right.
• 13:41
  Speaker 2: So Churchill and his mate they bugger off to Cuba
• 13:44
  Speaker 2: in the autumn of eighteen ninety five to observe the
• 13:48
  Speaker 2: War of Independence. Although it's less observing and more joining
• 13:54
  Speaker 2: the Spanish troops to crush freedom fighters. So yeah, he's
• 14:01
  Speaker 2: jaunting about in the army. He's going from place to place.
• 14:03
  Speaker 2: He goes to Bombay and Egypt and Sudan. He's kicking
• 14:07
  Speaker 2: about all the while writing articles and sending them back. See,
• 14:12
  Speaker 2: Churchill didn't think that his military wages were quite enough.
• 14:15
  Speaker 2: They weren't enough to satisfy his particular needs, and so
• 14:19
  Speaker 2: he needed to earn more money. So what he did
• 14:22
  Speaker 2: is he had a weside hustle as a journalist, so
• 14:25
  Speaker 2: he would write about all the places he went to
• 14:27
  Speaker 2: and the stuff that happened to Winston Churchill made his
• 14:30
  Speaker 2: money on the side by being a war correspondent. Granted,
• 14:34
  Speaker 2: he was less than factually correct because everything he wrote
• 14:41
  Speaker 2: was twisted with his own particular upper class bias. So Churchill,
• 14:48
  Speaker 2: he goes from Cuba to the States kiss He let's
• 14:50
  Speaker 2: face it, it's not that far a journey. So he
• 14:53
  Speaker 2: goes over there and he's writing back to his mummy.
• 14:54
  Speaker 2: He has a great time there, and he writes back
• 14:57
  Speaker 2: and he says to her.
• 14:58
  Speaker 6: What an extraordinary the Americans are.
• 15:02
  Speaker 2: Yeah, he's liking it. He's having a good time. So
• 15:04
  Speaker 2: after that he heads back to Bombay. Then he's based
• 15:08
  Speaker 2: in Bangaloa and he's based in India for like nineteen
• 15:13
  Speaker 2: months with his regiment. And while he's there, he's like,
• 15:15
  Speaker 2: I need to learn more shit, because he's like, I
• 15:19
  Speaker 2: don't know enough shit. I need to know more shit.
• 15:22
  Speaker 2: So he gets his mom to send him books. He's
• 15:26
  Speaker 2: reading Darwin and Plato and all this stuff, and he
• 15:29
  Speaker 2: gets his mom to send him books about politics and
• 15:33
  Speaker 2: even copies of the Annual Register. And this is like
• 15:38
  Speaker 2: the Bible of politics, like Who's who, what's happening? You know,
• 15:42
  Speaker 2: how the tide is turning? All this shit. So we
• 15:46
  Speaker 2: start learning about politics. And as he does this, he
• 15:49
  Speaker 2: declares himself a liberal in all but nome because he
• 15:55
  Speaker 2: and you're never gonna fucking believe this, he believed that
• 15:59
  Speaker 2: his and his personal beliefs were very liberal. That's right,
• 16:07
  Speaker 2: you heard me, Winston Churchill. The Winston Churchill believed that
• 16:14
  Speaker 2: he was a liberal politician, but without the label of liberal,
• 16:22
  Speaker 2: like not aligned with the Liberal party. And here's the thing.
• 16:25
  Speaker 2: The reason he wasn't aligned, and the reason he was
• 16:29
  Speaker 2: not aligned with the liberals was because they supported Irish
• 16:35
  Speaker 2: Home Rule. So, just in case you didn't know, Home
• 16:38
  Speaker 2: Rule or the Irish Home Rule movement was a campaign
• 16:43
  Speaker 2: for Ireland to be self governing, for it to be
• 16:45
  Speaker 2: its own state and not be under British rule. Like
• 16:49
  Speaker 2: they wanted to be independent of Britain that had colonized it.
• 16:53
  Speaker 2: It didn't want to be part of that, and Churchill
• 16:57
  Speaker 2: was like, no, we should absolutely control you one hundred percent. So,
• 17:03
  Speaker 2: because Churchill is incredibly opposed to the concept of Ireland
• 17:09
  Speaker 2: self governing and not being under the control of the
• 17:12
  Speaker 2: country that colonized it, he allies himself with the fucking Doories.
• 17:18
  Speaker 2: In eighteen ninety seven, Churchill is on leave from India
• 17:21
  Speaker 2: and he gives his very first public speech and who
• 17:25
  Speaker 2: is it for the Conservative Party for their Primrose League?
• 17:30
  Speaker 2: Mm hmm. And what was in this speech? Well, I'm
• 17:33
  Speaker 2: glad you asked, because I'll tell you. He is supporting
• 17:37
  Speaker 2: non denominational education, which is good, like the church should
• 17:42
  Speaker 2: not be ruling your education system. That's just not a
• 17:44
  Speaker 2: good thing, and that's fine. What's not so good is
• 17:49
  Speaker 2: the fact that he is strongly opposing women's suffrage, the
• 17:54
  Speaker 2: entire suffrage movement and women's right to vote. Nah, not
• 17:59
  Speaker 2: into that at all. When he gets back to India,
• 18:02
  Speaker 2: Churchill volunteers to join General S. A. Binden Blood's campaign
• 18:06
  Speaker 2: against the momanned rebels in North India and he gets
• 18:09
  Speaker 2: accepted on the condition that he has assigned as a journalist. This,
• 18:15
  Speaker 2: of course inspires him to write his first book, The
• 18:18
  Speaker 2: Story of the Malagan Field Force, and you know, it's
• 18:22
  Speaker 2: received pretty well. And after this he writes his only
• 18:27
  Speaker 2: fiction book was and I Shit You Not a romance novel,
• 18:33
  Speaker 2: a Ruitanian romance called Savrola, which, for some undeniable reason,
• 18:39
  Speaker 2: I have an incredible urge to read because I don't
• 18:44
  Speaker 2: know what kind of romance novel Winston Churchill would write,
• 18:49
  Speaker 2: but I am incredibly intrigued to see what his concept
• 18:52
  Speaker 2: of this no After this, Churchill manages to latch himself
• 18:59
  Speaker 2: onto the General Kitchener's campaign in Sudan. So Churchill wasn't
• 19:04
  Speaker 2: keen on Kitchener. He found him to be unnecessarily cruel.
• 19:09
  Speaker 2: I'm gonna give you a moment to let that sink in.
• 19:13
  Speaker 2: After this campaign in Sudan that Churchill decides he's going
• 19:17
  Speaker 2: to leave the Army. He's done now, thanks very much,
• 19:20
  Speaker 2: because he wants to leave the army and get into politics.
• 19:24
  Speaker 2: So when he sails back to Blytie, he has determined
• 19:27
  Speaker 2: that he wants this career in politics. He wants to
• 19:29
  Speaker 2: be a politician. So he goes to the Conservative Party
• 19:32
  Speaker 2: and he starts speaking at meetings, and he starts campaigning
• 19:35
  Speaker 2: and promoting himself, and what do you know, Churchill is
• 19:39
  Speaker 2: selected to be one of the Conservative Parties to parliamentary
• 19:43
  Speaker 2: candidates for the June eighty ninety nine by election in Oldham,
• 19:49
  Speaker 2: which he loses to the Liberals. Seeing as he's got
• 19:53
  Speaker 2: to wait at least another year for the next by election,
• 19:56
  Speaker 2: Churchill decides the best thing to do is pop off
• 19:59
  Speaker 2: to South Africa because there's probably another war bearing there
• 20:03
  Speaker 2: was the Second Boer War. If the Second Boer War
• 20:07
  Speaker 2: sounds familiar to you in any way, it's probably because
• 20:10
  Speaker 2: that is the place where Britain created concentration camps. Remember
• 20:16
  Speaker 2: that bit earlier where I said Churchill wasn't exactly factually
• 20:19
  Speaker 2: correct and in vernous. He doesn't really have a lot
• 20:22
  Speaker 2: of journalistic integrity, But there you go. When he's reporting
• 20:27
  Speaker 2: on the camps, his assessment is that the camps were
• 20:32
  Speaker 2: responsible for a relative minimum of suffering. Minimum suffering. To
• 20:40
  Speaker 2: put this into perspective, around twenty six thousand women and
• 20:46
  Speaker 2: children died in those camps. Twenty six thousand. Anyway, back
• 20:52
  Speaker 2: to the man himself. In October, he's traveling to this
• 20:55
  Speaker 2: conflict zone when his train is shelled by the Boers,
• 20:59
  Speaker 2: causing it to derail and resulting in his capture and
• 21:04
  Speaker 2: interment in a prisoner of war camp, where he says
• 21:08
  Speaker 2: he was actually treated pretty fairly. After two months of
• 21:11
  Speaker 2: being in the camp, he escapes. He stows above a
• 21:15
  Speaker 2: freight train and then hides in a mine before eventually
• 21:19
  Speaker 2: making it to safety. Naturally, being the man he was,
• 21:23
  Speaker 2: he wrote about it and it did get a good
• 21:26
  Speaker 2: fucking junk of publicity, because of course it does. This
• 21:29
  Speaker 2: whole incident it inspires him to rejoin the army and
• 21:33
  Speaker 2: get involved in the Boer War, and not just you know,
• 21:36
  Speaker 2: write about it all the while writing about every siege
• 21:39
  Speaker 2: and surrender and British factory to the Morning Post. After
• 21:43
  Speaker 2: he resigned as lieutenant and heads back to England, he
• 21:46
  Speaker 2: gets a flat in Mayfair, London. Some of you may
• 21:50
  Speaker 2: know Mayfair as the most expensive property on the monopoly board,
• 21:57
  Speaker 2: which is how I would know it it's the dark
• 21:59
  Speaker 2: blue one that everyone always really wanted because you could
• 22:02
  Speaker 2: make so much rent from it. But anyway, that is
• 22:05
  Speaker 2: where Churchill is, that's where he's staying, and that is
• 22:07
  Speaker 2: his base of operations for like the next six years
• 22:11
  Speaker 2: or so, because for him, this is a prime location
• 22:14
  Speaker 2: for him to really boost his political career. And you
• 22:18
  Speaker 2: know what, it works for him because in nineteen hundred
• 22:21
  Speaker 2: he gets elected as an MP with the Conservative Party.
• 22:25
  Speaker 2: He gains a seat in the House of Commons. Yeah,
• 22:29
  Speaker 2: and in the very same month he becomes a member
• 22:31
  Speaker 2: of Parliament, he publishes his book Ian Hamilton's March, which
• 22:35
  Speaker 2: is all based on his time in South Africa and
• 22:38
  Speaker 2: everything that happened there. So when he goes on a
• 22:41
  Speaker 2: lecture tour in November that year from Britain to the
• 22:45
  Speaker 2: US and Canada, like this is like the main focus.
• 22:48
  Speaker 2: And what's really interesting about this is the money that
• 22:53
  Speaker 2: he was making when he landed this seat. The money,
• 22:58
  Speaker 2: the fucking money. He was earning ten thousand pounds for
• 23:02
  Speaker 2: these lectures, like not in today's money, and then money
• 23:09
  Speaker 2: passed money in today's money, it was a million a
• 23:13
  Speaker 2: million pounds. That's fucking ridiculous. That's fucking ridiculous. Now, I
• 23:19
  Speaker 2: understand that at the time being a member of Parliament,
• 23:23
  Speaker 2: being an MP was not a paid position. You did
• 23:26
  Speaker 2: not receive a wage, which is one of the reasons
• 23:29
  Speaker 2: why so many politicians were lords and ladies and people
• 23:33
  Speaker 2: with vast incomes. H I understand you didn't get money
• 23:39
  Speaker 2: for this, but a million pounds a million pounds like
• 23:48
  Speaker 2: what what? Like? This whole thing was a sort of
• 23:52
  Speaker 2: word robois for him because as he was going around,
• 23:56
  Speaker 2: he was talking about himself and his own exploit and
• 24:00
  Speaker 2: everything that happened to him. So he was promoting himself
• 24:04
  Speaker 2: and earning money for it, like he was earning money
• 24:09
  Speaker 2: to be his own advertisement, which is just it's fucking
• 24:13
  Speaker 2: funny to me to see. At this point Churchill isn't
• 24:16
  Speaker 2: really anything yet. The only thing he is is a
• 24:20
  Speaker 2: celebrity who's known for being a celebrity, and this tour
• 24:25
  Speaker 2: is like the ye old equivalent of doing everything to
• 24:28
  Speaker 2: promote yourself short of going on Love Island. Like it's everything.
• 24:34
  Speaker 2: So back to the actual politics. Shit.
• 24:37
  Speaker 4: So nineteen oh one, he's got a seat in the
• 24:38
  Speaker 4: House of Commons. He's a member of the Conservative Party,
• 24:41
  Speaker 4: but he ends up in this faction I'm called the Heughligans.
• 24:46
  Speaker 2: In fact, I was not really going to bring up
• 24:48
  Speaker 2: but I just really wanted to use the.
• 24:49
  Speaker 4: Pun Hewligan, a play on Lord Hugh Saysil and the
• 24:54
  Speaker 4: word hooligan, because apparently this group's parliamentary manners where eh
• 25:01
  Speaker 4: not great. Basically, there were backbenchers who didn't quite support
• 25:04
  Speaker 4: like the leader of the party's you know, views and plans.
• 25:08
  Speaker 4: Basically because Churchill he wasn't really happy with the Conservatives
• 25:12
  Speaker 4: plan for funding with things like the army budget.
• 25:15
  Speaker 2: He thought more money should go to the navy, and
• 25:17
  Speaker 2: he was really against economic protectionism. Basically, the Toy Party
• 25:23
  Speaker 2: wanted to raise taxes and tariffs on all goods imported
• 25:26
  Speaker 2: and exported, as opposed to goods that were grown, produced,
• 25:30
  Speaker 2: made within Britain and sold within Britain, which is working
• 25:34
  Speaker 2: hilarious when you think that today Britain is known as
• 25:36
  Speaker 2: a nation of tea drinkers and that the most popular
• 25:41
  Speaker 2: dish in Britain today is a tika massala. May. I
• 25:45
  Speaker 2: don't know where you think you got those.
• 25:47
  Speaker 4: Ingredients from, but all right, because Churchill is so vocal
• 25:51
  Speaker 4: about his disagreements with the political party it's clear that
• 25:55
  Speaker 4: he is not going to progress.
• 25:56
  Speaker 2: He's not going to be in the cabinet. He's nobody's
• 25:58
  Speaker 2: rout a man. He's just there. So the Tories were
• 26:02
  Speaker 2: good for getting him a seat in the House of Commons,
• 26:05
  Speaker 2: but he wasn't going to go up in the world
• 26:06
  Speaker 2: in the politics there, He's like, fuck this for a
• 26:09
  Speaker 2: game of soldiers. So he does something very dramatic in
• 26:12
  Speaker 2: nineteen oh four he crosses the floor. That's right, he.
• 26:17
  Speaker 4: Leaves the Conservative Party and then joins the Liberals on
• 26:21
  Speaker 4: the other side of the House of Commons. As a
• 26:23
  Speaker 4: member of the Liberal Party, he gets branded a radical
• 26:26
  Speaker 4: because he's constantly attacking government policy, publishes.
• 26:30
  Speaker 2: His father's biography.
• 26:31
  Speaker 4: Conveniently, the very same month an election is held and
• 26:34
  Speaker 4: he wins his seat in Manchester North. Also in addition, furthermore,
• 26:38
  Speaker 4: another member of the Liberal Party releases a biography about Churchill.
• 26:43
  Speaker 2: In One on one. So yeah, the Liberals have a
• 26:45
  Speaker 2: majority government and Churchill requests and receives the position of
• 26:50
  Speaker 2: the Undersecretary for the Colonial Office surprise or prize. He
• 26:54
  Speaker 2: does a lot of work in South Africa, including the
• 26:57
  Speaker 2: Transphile Constitution. Of course, helping for government in the ORANUV
• 27:01
  Speaker 2: rise to that. Another thing he does is announce the
• 27:04
  Speaker 2: phasing out of Chinese indentured laborers. Now this has to
• 27:10
  Speaker 2: be a gradual phasing out because he felt that an
• 27:14
  Speaker 2: outright ban so like banning indentured servitude and this very
• 27:20
  Speaker 2: low cost labor, would completely destroy the area economically, So
• 27:25
  Speaker 2: of course that had to be taken into consideration, and
• 27:27
  Speaker 2: not the people who were being used and abused. So
• 27:32
  Speaker 2: nineteen oh eight, pretty big Yearver Churchill, so Asquith Herbert Asquith,
• 27:36
  Speaker 2: he becomes the Prime Minister because the previous Prime Minister
• 27:39
  Speaker 2: was terminally up.
• 27:41
  Speaker 4: Asqu you may know as the great grandfather of modern
• 27:45
  Speaker 4: actress Helena Bonham Carter. One fact, Churchill, he's thirty three
• 27:50
  Speaker 4: at this point and he is the youngest cabinet member
• 27:53
  Speaker 4: since like the eighteen sixties, and he is appointed President
• 27:57
  Speaker 4: of the Board of Trade.
• 27:59
  Speaker 2: He loses seat in Manchester, so they move them to
• 28:02
  Speaker 2: Dundee because it's pretty safe. They know they're gonna win,
• 28:04
  Speaker 2: so like it's okay, we'll move you here, so you know,
• 28:08
  Speaker 2: helping you out mate to worry about it. Later that
• 28:11
  Speaker 2: year he gets married Huzza to Clementine.
• 28:15
  Speaker 4: Hosier they get married on the twelfth of September nineteen
• 28:18
  Speaker 4: o eight in Westminster and they go on this fantastic
• 28:21
  Speaker 4: honey Then they're two running around Italy. They're Invenna, they're
• 28:25
  Speaker 4: in Venice. They even go to Chechia and stay in
• 28:28
  Speaker 4: fucking castles, because.
• 28:29
  Speaker 2: Of course they do. It's gorgeous. By the way. I
• 28:32
  Speaker 2: love fucking love a week castle. I would though i'd
• 28:35
  Speaker 2: get if I ever got married. Sidebar, if I ever
• 28:38
  Speaker 2: got married, I would love to get married just in
• 28:40
  Speaker 2: a wee castle.
• 28:42
  Speaker 4: Like, not a big castle, not like a palace that
• 28:44
  Speaker 4: doesn't have to be massive, just like a.
• 28:46
  Speaker 2: Wee week castle. I feel like it wouldn't be too
• 28:49
  Speaker 2: much to rent a week castle. When you think of
• 28:51
  Speaker 2: how which fucking weddings cost the best of times, I
• 28:54
  Speaker 2: feel like you probably save money, haven't it in a
• 28:56
  Speaker 2: week castle. Just fucking love castles. Anyway, back to politics,
• 29:01
  Speaker 2: So as the President of the Board of Trade, he's
• 29:04
  Speaker 2: actually doing pretty well. He's pretty decent. Actually. He creates
• 29:08
  Speaker 2: a Standing Court of Our Petrition to deal with industrial disputes.
• 29:11
  Speaker 2: He works on social reform with Lloyd George. They bring
• 29:15
  Speaker 2: forth stuff like the Mine's eight Hours Bill, which meant
• 29:18
  Speaker 2: that mind, workers could not work any more than eight
• 29:21
  Speaker 2: hours in a shift, which is like produces the Trade
• 29:25
  Speaker 2: Boards Bill, which created trade boards which could prosecute employers
• 29:29
  Speaker 2: if they were exploiting their workforce, which then leads to.
• 29:32
  Speaker 4: The establishing of a minimum wage. He then proposes the
• 29:36
  Speaker 4: Labor Exchanges Bill, which would provide assistance for people who
• 29:39
  Speaker 4: were unemployed and create an insurance fund for unemployed people
• 29:44
  Speaker 4: until they could find work, so like job seekers job
• 29:47
  Speaker 4: seekers Allowance. But of course, in order to implement social
• 29:50
  Speaker 4: reforms and put forward the people's budget, Lloyd, George and
• 29:53
  Speaker 4: Churchill needed the fucking money. So what they wanted to
• 29:57
  Speaker 4: do was to reduce naval spending. They didn't on an
• 30:00
  Speaker 4: expansion of the navy.
• 30:02
  Speaker 2: And you've got McKenna there, who's very adamant that war
• 30:07
  Speaker 2: with Germany is inevitable. He's like, listen, there's going to
• 30:10
  Speaker 2: be a war coming. We need to be prepared. I'm
• 30:12
  Speaker 2: telling it. And they're like, no, you're wrong, you're wrong.
• 30:17
  Speaker 2: So it's nineteen ten and Churchill is promoted to Home
• 30:20
  Speaker 2: Secretary and this is where the shit actually starts to
• 30:24
  Speaker 2: hit the fan, and like it starts off so well,
• 30:27
  Speaker 2: because as Home secretary, he has control over police and
• 30:31
  Speaker 2: prison services, so he actually starts implementing these prison reforms.
• 30:37
  Speaker 2: He makes distinctions between criminal prisoners and political prisoners, so
• 30:42
  Speaker 2: that prison rules are more relaxed for political prisoners, that
• 30:46
  Speaker 2: they're treated, you know, not as badly as criminal prisoners.
• 30:51
  Speaker 2: He also abolishes the automatic imprisonment of people who cannot
• 30:55
  Speaker 2: pay fines, so like if you had a fine for
• 30:58
  Speaker 2: something when you were supposed to pay it and you
• 31:00
  Speaker 2: couldn't pay it on that day, they'd shove you in
• 31:02
  Speaker 2: the clink. Young offenders so under the age of twenty one,
• 31:06
  Speaker 2: they wouldn't automatically be imprisoned unless it was for like
• 31:10
  Speaker 2: a serious offense. So like if you murdered someone, yeah
• 31:13
  Speaker 2: you're gonna go to jail, But if you like stoke
• 31:16
  Speaker 2: some sweets out the shop, they're not gonna shove you
• 31:19
  Speaker 2: in the big house. He relaxes the rules on solidary
• 31:22
  Speaker 2: confinements so they're not so fucking horrific, and he brings
• 31:27
  Speaker 2: in education and entertainment, so there are libraries and prisoners
• 31:31
  Speaker 2: get to put on a show like four times a year,
• 31:35
  Speaker 2: which is all to do with, you know, keeping them occupied,
• 31:38
  Speaker 2: because if they're doing other things, they're less likely to
• 31:41
  Speaker 2: shank a bitch, you know what I mean. But like,
• 31:44
  Speaker 2: regardless of the motivations behind it, the prison reform was
• 31:48
  Speaker 2: a good thing. It was a good idea. It was
• 31:51
  Speaker 2: so like at this point as well, the women's suffrage movement,
• 31:54
  Speaker 2: it is really gaining steam. In Churchill is of the
• 31:57
  Speaker 2: official opinion that, eh, he doesn't really mind if women
• 32:01
  Speaker 2: have the vote as long as the male electric agree,
• 32:05
  Speaker 2: which is shitty for a couple of reasons, one being
• 32:08
  Speaker 2: that it's just a fancy way of sitting on the fence,
• 32:12
  Speaker 2: and two that not all men could vote, Like forty
• 32:17
  Speaker 2: percent couldn't vote because it was like sixty percent of householders.
• 32:22
  Speaker 2: So you had to either pay an annual rental of
• 32:25
  Speaker 2: ten pounds or you had land worth ten pounds, so
• 32:31
  Speaker 2: it was yeah, you had to not be poor effectively.
• 32:36
  Speaker 2: But anyway, the Tony Pandy riots. Now this is mismanagement
• 32:42
  Speaker 2: and an absolute shit show from the get go. So
• 32:45
  Speaker 2: these coal miners in the Rhonda Valley, they are striking
• 32:49
  Speaker 2: because of their adverse working conditions. There is a cartel
• 32:53
  Speaker 2: of mine owners and they are deliberately keeping the wages
• 32:56
  Speaker 2: low in this incredibly deprived region of Wales, and so
• 33:00
  Speaker 2: the workers are like fuck this for a game of
• 33:03
  Speaker 2: soldiers and they strike. So the striking leads to like
• 33:08
  Speaker 2: looting and rioting, but only damaging properties that are owned
• 33:13
  Speaker 2: by the pit owners. So the Glamorgan Chief Constable he's
• 33:17
  Speaker 2: like shit and starts requesting trips, and Churchill he he
• 33:23
  Speaker 2: has the trips adjacent, so he has them in Swindon, no, yes,
• 33:27
  Speaker 2: Swindon and Cardiff, so that they are you know, adjacent,
• 33:32
  Speaker 2: close by. But he doesn't want to send the trips
• 33:34
  Speaker 2: on right away because sending a punch of armed military
• 33:38
  Speaker 2: into a small area in Wales does seem a little
• 33:43
  Speaker 2: bit like overcolor, wouldn't you say, And you know, for
• 33:46
  Speaker 2: your optics, it doesn't really look that good when you're
• 33:49
  Speaker 2: sending the military to attack your own people. AnyWho, he
• 33:54
  Speaker 2: sends in two hundred and seventy police officers, who you know,
• 33:59
  Speaker 2: they get their trunk and stuff, which if you've ever
• 34:02
  Speaker 2: been hit with a truncheon, they are not pleasant. It's
• 34:05
  Speaker 2: like being hit within teeny weeny baseball bat. It's fucking solid.
• 34:09
  Speaker 2: It's unpleasant. He's not just regular police officers he sends down.
• 34:14
  Speaker 2: He also has like the cavalry, so mounted on fucking horses.
• 34:20
  Speaker 2: I don't know about you, but if I'm striking and
• 34:22
  Speaker 2: I see a fucking horse coming towards me, no, I
• 34:26
  Speaker 2: will not be happy. I will be terrified, and I'll
• 34:29
  Speaker 2: be swinging every which way but up like no, bye bye.
• 34:33
  Speaker 2: The funniest thing about the looting though, is that you
• 34:36
  Speaker 2: know they're fucking up all the shops and they're stealing
• 34:38
  Speaker 2: shit with all the stuff owned by pit owners. But
• 34:41
  Speaker 2: like there's a chemist or something which is owned by
• 34:44
  Speaker 2: this like Welsh International, like rugby player or like ex
• 34:47
  Speaker 2: player where is love with their rugby. But uh, like
• 34:51
  Speaker 2: it's not just men that are out like routing, routing, looting, riding, picketing.
• 34:56
  Speaker 2: There's like women and kids there as well, and it's
• 34:59
  Speaker 2: kind of like the weird festival atmosphere happens because they're
• 35:02
  Speaker 2: like parading around town and like clothes and shit, and
• 35:06
  Speaker 2: then you've cut all these like massive police force showing
• 35:10
  Speaker 2: up and then after the police show up, the fucking
• 35:14
  Speaker 2: army comes in and it is an absolute fucking shit show.
• 35:19
  Speaker 2: In Churchill's complaining that both sides, that both the miners
• 35:24
  Speaker 2: and the fucking cartel which is deliberately keeping the wages
• 35:28
  Speaker 2: down are both being unreasonable like that, that's his opinion
• 35:34
  Speaker 2: on it. And like the papers, like the English papers
• 35:37
  Speaker 2: of the time, they're complaining that Churchill should have sent
• 35:41
  Speaker 2: in the troops quicker. And then you've got the labor
• 35:44
  Speaker 2: party who's like, what the fuck were you doing? You
• 35:48
  Speaker 2: should have supported the trade unions, should have supported the workers.
• 35:52
  Speaker 2: Like considering his like initial part of his career was
• 35:56
  Speaker 2: based on that, you think he'd be more inclined, but no,
• 36:00
  Speaker 2: now everything he does is Home Secretary. Still in the
• 36:03
  Speaker 2: year nineteen ten is he writes to other Home Office
• 36:07
  Speaker 2: officials asking them, you know, to consider sterilizing and preventing
• 36:13
  Speaker 2: the marriage of people with mental illnesses and learning disabilities,
• 36:18
  Speaker 2: and I quote.
• 36:19
  Speaker 6: The multiplication of the feeble minded is a very terrible
• 36:23
  Speaker 6: danger to the race.
• 36:26
  Speaker 4: The Siege of Sydney Street. So there were three Latvan
• 36:29
  Speaker 4: burglars and they are hold up on a house on
• 36:31
  Speaker 4: Sydney Street. They are surrounded by police officers and they've
• 36:35
  Speaker 4: already managed to kill a few. So the house goes
• 36:39
  Speaker 4: on fire and Churchill stops prevents the fire brigade from
• 36:45
  Speaker 4: entering the building and quitling the blaze. By the time
• 36:48
  Speaker 4: the fire dies down. Two of the men are found dead,
• 36:52
  Speaker 4: and Churchill responds.
• 36:53
  Speaker 6: With thought, it was better to let the house burn
• 36:57
  Speaker 6: down rather than spend good British life.
• 37:00
  Speaker 2: I was in risk room those four rascals. He does
• 37:03
  Speaker 2: a couple of good things the next year, though, He
• 37:05
  Speaker 2: introduces the coal Miner's Bill, Shops Bill, the National Insurance Act,
• 37:09
  Speaker 2: all of which improves the lives of you know, the
• 37:12
  Speaker 2: working people in Britain. And in personal news, his second
• 37:16
  Speaker 2: child is born, Randolph. Also in nineteen eleven there was
• 37:20
  Speaker 2: the Liverpool General Transport Strike, so this include dockers, railway workers,
• 37:25
  Speaker 2: sailors and like a punch of other trades people, and
• 37:28
  Speaker 2: Churchill sends in trips. We also have the National Railway
• 37:33
  Speaker 2: Strike of nineteen eleven, which Churchill, surprisingly enough was totally against.
• 37:39
  Speaker 2: He also gets another promotion in nineteen eleven, so he
• 37:42
  Speaker 2: gets appointed to First Lord of the Admiralty, and he
• 37:45
  Speaker 2: gets to live in Admiralty House, which is by the way,
• 37:48
  Speaker 2: super fucking fancy. And he gets like his own naval
• 37:51
  Speaker 2: war staff. So he starts expanding the navy. He's rebuilding it,
• 37:56
  Speaker 2: he's boosting it up. Germany passes the nineteen twelve Naval
• 38:00
  Speaker 2: Law which increases its warship production, and Churchill decides that
• 38:05
  Speaker 2: for every battleship they build, Britain's gonna build too. So
• 38:10
  Speaker 2: he's like traveling around like naval stations and docks, you know,
• 38:13
  Speaker 2: to boost morale. But not only does he go down
• 38:16
  Speaker 2: and talk about how great, you know, the British Navy is,
• 38:19
  Speaker 2: he's just shit talking Germany, Like everywhere he goes, he's
• 38:23
  Speaker 2: like fuck them. So he is increasing production of submarine
• 38:27
  Speaker 2: seaplanes like he's increasing and focusing on the British Naval
• 38:31
  Speaker 2: Air Force like all of it. But of course expanding
• 38:35
  Speaker 2: the navy was and the only thing he was into.
• 38:37
  Speaker 2: In nineteen twelve. He also brings forth the Mental Deficiency
• 38:41
  Speaker 2: built into the House of Commons because he was worried
• 38:45
  Speaker 2: that the feeble minded and the mental defectives were a
• 38:49
  Speaker 2: danger to society and had to be stopped. Not only
• 38:54
  Speaker 2: did he want to like ban marriages for them or
• 38:56
  Speaker 2: sterilize them, he wanted to introduce pulsory labor camps for
• 39:02
  Speaker 2: mental defectives. If you're thinking this sounds a lot like eugenics, well,
• 39:07
  Speaker 2: Churchill did attend the first International Eugenics Conference in London,
• 39:13
  Speaker 2: not even remotely surprised, not even a little bit. So.
• 39:15
  Speaker 4: One of the biggest issues in British politics at that time.
• 39:19
  Speaker 2: Was Irish Home Rule, so they wanted to establish a
• 39:22
  Speaker 2: government in Dublin that would rule.
• 39:24
  Speaker 4: All of Ireland, and also Unionists were obviously very opposed
• 39:29
  Speaker 4: to this and the Home Rule Act. It gets past,
• 39:33
  Speaker 4: but before anything can actually happen, a bigger issue arises,
• 39:41
  Speaker 4: the Great War also known as World War One.
• 39:44
  Speaker 2: As First Lord of the Admiralty, this is Churchill's fucking
• 39:47
  Speaker 2: time to shine. He is using the Navy transport troops
• 39:51
  Speaker 2: to France, He's implementing blockades on gym ports, He's sending
• 39:56
  Speaker 2: submarines to the Baltic Sea.
• 39:58
  Speaker 4: To help the Russian Navy.
• 40:00
  Speaker 2: So expanding the navy is one thing, actual military strategy
• 40:04
  Speaker 2: is quite another. So he's visiting Belgium with it's a
• 40:07
  Speaker 2: city that's under siege by the Germans and he announces
• 40:12
  Speaker 2: that they're going to send in British troops as reinforcements.
• 40:16
  Speaker 2: They don't, and the city is completely crushed and he
• 40:19
  Speaker 2: gets absolutely slammed in the press. After this, Lloyd George
• 40:24
  Speaker 2: he creates this War Council, So you've got Lloyd George
• 40:26
  Speaker 2: you've got Edward Gray, You've got Kitchener and Churchill. Kitchener
• 40:32
  Speaker 2: and Churchill are on this War Council together, and Churchill
• 40:36
  Speaker 2: fucking hates Kitchener. He really does, to the point where
• 40:40
  Speaker 2: when Kitchener requests more like ammunition and stuff for his troops,
• 40:46
  Speaker 2: he is denied by Churchill, like he refuses to approve
• 40:50
  Speaker 2: it because Kitchener asked, fuck, imagine disliking someone so much
• 40:58
  Speaker 2: that you were willing to let thousands of men die,
• 41:01
  Speaker 2: men who are serving you, like okay? AnyWho? Churchill wants
• 41:07
  Speaker 2: to relieve pressure on Russia by attacking Turkey. Now does
• 41:12
  Speaker 2: he want to help an ally or does he want
• 41:14
  Speaker 2: to crash the remains of the Ottoman Empire as a
• 41:17
  Speaker 2: means of British superiority. Whom's to say?
• 41:20
  Speaker 4: The plan is to use the navy alone and storm
• 41:23
  Speaker 4: the beach at Gallipoli and destroy the weekend Ottoman.
• 41:26
  Speaker 2: Empire and take the Germans from the south. Unfortunately it
• 41:30
  Speaker 2: was less of the military thing operation and more of
• 41:33
  Speaker 2: a massacre. So he knows he needs a fuck to
• 41:36
  Speaker 2: on more ships and a fuck to on more troops,
• 41:38
  Speaker 2: and he requests them from the British War Office and
• 41:40
  Speaker 2: they refuse, so he's like, fuck it, I'm going to
• 41:43
  Speaker 2: do it anyway.
• 41:44
  Speaker 7: And all of the British warships bar one are all
• 41:47
  Speaker 7: old coal powered ones like okay. Luckily, he does have
• 41:52
  Speaker 7: the ANZAC forces on site, so he's got the Australians
• 41:55
  Speaker 7: and the New Zealanders, but even so he does not
• 41:59
  Speaker 7: have enough bodies in enough ships for this attack.
• 42:03
  Speaker 2: Then he has to contend with the weather, which is,
• 42:05
  Speaker 2: you know, everyone's worst enemy, and they take so long
• 42:09
  Speaker 2: trying to reach the beach that the enemy manages to
• 42:14
  Speaker 2: gain a fucton of reinforcements and it's just a massive slaughter,
• 42:20
  Speaker 2: losing forty five thousand men. It was a cataclysmic failure
• 42:25
  Speaker 2: which resulted in Churchill being demoted and it almost derailed
• 42:30
  Speaker 2: his entire political career. In nineteen fifteen, he is still
• 42:35
  Speaker 2: an MP, but he resigns from the government and the
• 42:38
  Speaker 2: Prime Minister.
• 42:38
  Speaker 4: He rejects his request to become the Governor General of
• 42:42
  Speaker 4: British East Africa.
• 42:44
  Speaker 2: Churchill decides to take some time out by joining the
• 42:47
  Speaker 2: army for a year. He gets a sweet temporary promotion there,
• 42:51
  Speaker 2: but then when the companies are like merged, he loses
• 42:55
  Speaker 2: this promotion and he gets like de ranked, So he
• 42:58
  Speaker 2: leaves the Army and goes back to the House of Commons,
• 43:01
  Speaker 2: where he starts making a lot of fucking noise about
• 43:03
  Speaker 2: the war. He wants soldiers to be given steel helmets,
• 43:06
  Speaker 2: which you know, fair enough. He wants a greater recognition
• 43:08
  Speaker 2: of soldiers bravery, also fair enough, but he also wants them.
• 43:13
  Speaker 4: To extend conscription to the Irish.
• 43:16
  Speaker 2: Halfway through the Great War, asked with resigns and Lloyd
• 43:20
  Speaker 2: George succeeds him, and with this little move Churchill gets
• 43:25
  Speaker 2: appointed Minister of Munitions. A lot of it seems to
• 43:28
  Speaker 2: be him dealing with munitions factories. So there's a couple
• 43:31
  Speaker 2: of strikes and he quells one of the cloud and
• 43:34
  Speaker 2: then he stops another one by informing the strikers that
• 43:38
  Speaker 2: if they continue to do so, they will be conscripted
• 43:42
  Speaker 2: into the army. Now, I don't know if you know,
• 43:46
  Speaker 2: but the majority of workers of munitions factories were women.
• 43:51
  Speaker 2: So he was telling women who did not have the
• 43:54
  Speaker 2: right to vote, that if they don't continue working in
• 43:57
  Speaker 2: these horrific conditions, but he was going to force them
• 44:02
  Speaker 2: to join the army. Nineteen eighteen, World War One ends
• 44:07
  Speaker 2: four days after the armistice, his fourth child, Marigold, is born.
• 44:12
  Speaker 2: Also that year, Churchill votes in favor of the Representation
• 44:16
  Speaker 2: of People at nineteen eighteen, which gave all men who
• 44:19
  Speaker 2: were over the age of twenty one and all married
• 44:25
  Speaker 2: women over the age of thirty who owned property the
• 44:29
  Speaker 2: right to vote. In nineteen nineteen, Churchill has moved to
• 44:32
  Speaker 2: the War Office as the Secretary of State for War
• 44:36
  Speaker 2: and Air. The Anglo Irish War, also known as the
• 44:41
  Speaker 2: Irish War of Independence, it's it's still running because the
• 44:46
  Speaker 2: home rule thing never happened and Ireland is still very
• 44:49
  Speaker 2: much under Britain's thumb. So Churchill thinks this is the
• 44:54
  Speaker 2: best town, you know. Instead of supporting, you know, a
• 44:58
  Speaker 2: country's right to govern itself, he decides to send in
• 45:02
  Speaker 2: the Royal Irish Constabulary, the RIIC, also known as the
• 45:07
  Speaker 2: Black and Tans. Now, the Black and Tans are named
• 45:11
  Speaker 2: so because of their uniforms, so they didn't have enough
• 45:15
  Speaker 2: uniforms to go round, so they would just mix and match,
• 45:19
  Speaker 2: just black and tan so they would be recognizable. And
• 45:25
  Speaker 2: there was lots of rumors about who the Black and
• 45:27
  Speaker 2: Tans were. They're like, oh, it's people from prisons, and yeah, yeah, no,
• 45:32
  Speaker 2: these were unemployed soldiers who had returned home from World
• 45:37
  Speaker 2: War One. Because giving weapons and unlimited power to people
• 45:41
  Speaker 2: who are suffering from PTSD and unresolved trauma, that's gonna
• 45:46
  Speaker 2: work out really fucking well for you. Because the Black
• 45:49
  Speaker 2: and Tans they're given fucking full reign. They get to
• 45:51
  Speaker 2: do whatever the fuck they want most of the time.
• 45:54
  Speaker 2: Because the Black and Tans were brought in to fight
• 45:57
  Speaker 2: the IRA, the Irish Republican Army, who at that point
• 46:00
  Speaker 2: were very much freedom fighters who were just vehemently opposed
• 46:03
  Speaker 2: to British rule.
• 46:05
  Speaker 4: They wanted Irish home rule. And the problem is when
• 46:09
  Speaker 4: you've got something like the IRA.
• 46:11
  Speaker 2: Is that it is a gorilla.
• 46:13
  Speaker 4: It's guerrilla warfare, but of course roots run deep, so
• 46:17
  Speaker 4: you've got ordinary civilians up to politicians who are aiding
• 46:22
  Speaker 4: and abetting the IRA.
• 46:25
  Speaker 2: The Black and Tans committed violent atrocities and horrific crimes
• 46:28
  Speaker 2: throughout Ireland to civilians, and Churchill never denounced them. He
• 46:34
  Speaker 2: stood by his decision and was admired that it was
• 46:38
  Speaker 2: the right thing to do. But the Emeraldal wasn't the
• 46:40
  Speaker 2: only place Churchill was having issues. So in Mesopotamia, which
• 46:44
  Speaker 2: is modern day Iraq, it was under British occupation and
• 46:50
  Speaker 2: there was what something that referred to as an uprising,
• 46:53
  Speaker 2: and without sort of any hesitation whatsoever, Churchill requested use
• 47:00
  Speaker 2: of mustard gas. It wasn't used, by the way, but
• 47:04
  Speaker 2: he also authorized the use of sneezing gas. Not to
• 47:08
  Speaker 2: be confused with tear gas, because it's they're both a
• 47:11
  Speaker 2: lacrical gas. What the fuck is sneezing gas? Well, I'm
• 47:15
  Speaker 2: glad you asked, because I will tell you. It's a
• 47:18
  Speaker 2: gas that not only causes excruciating pain, but causes you
• 47:21
  Speaker 2: to vomit blood. Now, I've had so many people argue
• 47:26
  Speaker 2: with me about this. They're like, oh, he only wanted
• 47:28
  Speaker 2: to tease tear gas. Firstly, tear gas in nineteen twenty
• 47:33
  Speaker 2: was very different to tear gas now. It is much worse. Secondly,
• 47:38
  Speaker 2: it was sneezing gas, which again worse than tear gas.
• 47:42
  Speaker 2: Not sure about you, but I feel like vomiting and
• 47:44
  Speaker 2: choking up blood not really a good thing. And the
• 47:48
  Speaker 2: worst thing was this would have been used indiscriminately against
• 47:52
  Speaker 2: Kurdish tribes. So it doesn't matter if you were involved
• 47:55
  Speaker 2: in the uprising or not. If there were civilians men, women, children,
• 48:00
  Speaker 2: Fuck it. He was happy for chemical weapons to be
• 48:04
  Speaker 2: used on civilians.
• 48:06
  Speaker 6: He said, I am strongly in favor of using poison
• 48:11
  Speaker 6: guests against uncivilized tribes.
• 48:14
  Speaker 2: So in nineteen twenty one he gets promoted to Secretary
• 48:17
  Speaker 2: of State for the Colonies. And while he's in this position,
• 48:21
  Speaker 2: there is an exhibition of his paintings. Yes, he made art.
• 48:27
  Speaker 2: There was an exhibition of his paintings in Paris under
• 48:31
  Speaker 2: a false name. So things are going well for him.
• 48:34
  Speaker 2: He's got a new job, he's got a fun hobby
• 48:37
  Speaker 2: that I'm sure he's making money out of some way.
• 48:40
  Speaker 2: And tragedy strikes. So his mom dies, and then a
• 48:44
  Speaker 2: little while later his youngest child, Marigold, she dies from septocemia. Unsurprisingly,
• 48:51
  Speaker 2: he threw himself into his work, and first things up
• 48:55
  Speaker 2: was negotiations with Shinfein for the Anglo Irish treaty, which,
• 48:59
  Speaker 2: i'll be honest to you, feels like less of a
• 49:01
  Speaker 2: negotiation because Britain was ready and was clear about it
• 49:06
  Speaker 2: that if Ireland did not agree to the terms, if
• 49:09
  Speaker 2: the talks fell through, that they were ready to bring
• 49:14
  Speaker 2: in martial law like they had it set up and
• 49:17
  Speaker 2: ready to go The next thing he had to do
• 49:20
  Speaker 2: was put people in power that he wanted in power.
• 49:23
  Speaker 2: So in Iraq he installed Faisal the First and in
• 49:28
  Speaker 2: Jordan Abdullah the First. He traveled to Palestine and denied
• 49:35
  Speaker 2: the Palestinian request to restrict Jewish migration into Palestine. Nineteen
• 49:41
  Speaker 2: twenty two was a really busy year for him because
• 49:44
  Speaker 2: Turkish forces are threatening to occupy a neutral zone that
• 49:47
  Speaker 2: the British are protects. So Lloyd George and him they
• 49:51
  Speaker 2: want to use like British forces resistance and the conservative
• 49:55
  Speaker 2: part of the government don't want to do that, so
• 49:58
  Speaker 2: the Tories go and they get out.
• 50:01
  Speaker 4: And this triggers a general election.
• 50:04
  Speaker 2: So while the election, the run up to the election
• 50:06
  Speaker 2: is happening, his fifth daughter, Mary is born and that's
• 50:10
  Speaker 2: his last kid. And then a month later he.
• 50:15
  Speaker 4: Suffers appendiciris and has to go into hospital.
• 50:18
  Speaker 2: So while he's in hospital, you know, he loses his
• 50:21
  Speaker 2: seat in Dundee to a prohibitionist, So he loses his seat.
• 50:24
  Speaker 2: He's in hospital recovering from appendiciris, there's a one month
• 50:28
  Speaker 2: baby at home, and he's just been told that he
• 50:31
  Speaker 2: doesn't have a job anymore.
• 50:33
  Speaker 4: This would be a prime time for a midlife crisis
• 50:36
  Speaker 4: for Churchill.
• 50:37
  Speaker 2: But you know, he buffs off to the South of
• 50:39
  Speaker 2: France and he gets into painting and he writes some
• 50:43
  Speaker 2: memoirs and he's just there for about six months and
• 50:46
  Speaker 2: then another general election is held. So whether ten, nineteen
• 50:50
  Speaker 2: twenty four comes around, he tries to go in as
• 50:53
  Speaker 2: an independent antisocialist candidate and he is defeated. See the
• 50:59
  Speaker 2: thing is Churchill really fucking hates the Labor Party. He
• 51:03
  Speaker 2: hates them and he really despises the fact that the
• 51:07
  Speaker 2: Liberal Party is in support of labor.
• 51:10
  Speaker 4: So he goes to a Conservative Party meeting in Liverpool
• 51:13
  Speaker 4: and he says that the Liberal Party has no space
• 51:16
  Speaker 4: in British politics.
• 51:18
  Speaker 2: And after this he joins the Conservative Party. So when
• 51:22
  Speaker 2: the Conservatives get into power at the next general election,
• 51:25
  Speaker 2: he is appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, even though he
• 51:30
  Speaker 2: has absolutely no economic or financial background, like no, but
• 51:36
  Speaker 2: he's the guy in charge of the money. What. As
• 51:40
  Speaker 2: Chancellor of the Exchequer, he brings back the gold standard, which, surprise, surprise,
• 51:46
  Speaker 2: caused deflation and unemployment and it really fucked up the
• 51:50
  Speaker 2: coal industry. It wasn't completely bad. He did reduce the
• 51:54
  Speaker 2: pension age from seventy down to sixty five, so that
• 51:57
  Speaker 2: was good. He did though for someone father whole reason
• 52:01
  Speaker 2: reduced taxes on luxury items. So in nineteen twenty six,
• 52:05
  Speaker 2: Churchill is editing the British Gazette, which was the government's
• 52:10
  Speaker 2: anti strike propaganda newspaper, because of course, if there is
• 52:14
  Speaker 2: a general strike going on, you want to be able
• 52:16
  Speaker 2: to go against it, and like, after the strike ends,
• 52:19
  Speaker 2: he becomes like an intermediary between like miners and their
• 52:23
  Speaker 2: employers because coal miners were still being fucked over for wages.
• 52:29
  Speaker 2: Who could have known that this thing that was an
• 52:31
  Speaker 2: issue sixteen years ago is still going to be an
• 52:33
  Speaker 2: issue now. This does, however, lead Churchill to call for
• 52:37
  Speaker 2: the introduction of a mandatory minimum wage, so like legally
• 52:41
  Speaker 2: binding full on minimum wage for workers. The next year,
• 52:46
  Speaker 2: Churchill goes to Italy, he visits Rome and he meets Miscellani,
• 52:51
  Speaker 2: whom he praises Churchill Winston Churchill praised Miscellany. Two years later,
• 52:57
  Speaker 2: there's another general election. Churchill keeps his seat, but the
• 53:00
  Speaker 2: Conservative Party they are voted out and Labor are in.
• 53:05
  Speaker 2: So Churchill he's not feeling good. He's got the black dog.
• 53:09
  Speaker 2: See Churchill was prone to bouts of depression, and he
• 53:13
  Speaker 2: referred to it as his black Dog depression. It was depression.
• 53:18
  Speaker 2: So in order to kind of counteract this, he would
• 53:20
  Speaker 2: throw himself into like painting and writing, and because he
• 53:23
  Speaker 2: was out of office, that's what he did again. He
• 53:25
  Speaker 2: started writing volumes on a biography of his ancestor, John Churchill,
• 53:31
  Speaker 2: the first Duke of Marlborough. It's a right about this
• 53:34
  Speaker 2: time he starts drinking more and he's reported to be
• 53:37
  Speaker 2: kind of a heavy drinker. So he tries to create
• 53:40
  Speaker 2: a conservative liberal coalition to like fight the Labor Party,
• 53:44
  Speaker 2: but he ends up resigning from the Shadow Cabinet because
• 53:48
  Speaker 2: the Labor government want to brant dominion status to India
• 53:52
  Speaker 2: and the Conservative Party are supporting this, and he doesn't agree.
• 53:57
  Speaker 2: So he resents because he thinks that if India has
• 54:00
  Speaker 2: own rule, then soon enough it's gonna want independence, just
• 54:04
  Speaker 2: like Ireland did.
• 54:05
  Speaker 4: So one of the discussions about India ruling itself was
• 54:09
  Speaker 4: to provide it with universal suffrage, so that everybody have
• 54:12
  Speaker 4: the right to vote.
• 54:13
  Speaker 2: And Churchill said, while.
• 54:15
  Speaker 6: The moment shall be false upon the unchilded races of India,
• 54:20
  Speaker 6: that very system, the inconveniences of which are now found
• 54:23
  Speaker 6: even in the most highly doubled donations the United States, Germany, France,
• 54:29
  Speaker 6: and an England it surf.
• 54:31
  Speaker 2: He also really hated Gandhi, calling him a seditious Middle
• 54:37
  Speaker 2: Temple lawyer now posing as a fakure. So the Tories
• 54:41
  Speaker 2: they win the next general election and Churchill he gets elected.
• 54:45
  Speaker 2: He gets a seat, but he doesn't get a ministerial position.
• 54:49
  Speaker 4: It really gets bad to worse for Churchill here, so
• 54:52
  Speaker 4: he tries.
• 54:53
  Speaker 2: To divide the House over this dominion status of India,
• 54:57
  Speaker 2: and only forty three MP's back him. He then loses
• 55:01
  Speaker 2: a fucked ton of money in the Wall Street crash,
• 55:03
  Speaker 2: so he decides he's going to do a lecture tour
• 55:05
  Speaker 2: of the USA North America because he's going to try
• 55:09
  Speaker 2: and scramble back some money. Also, prohibition is very much
• 55:14
  Speaker 2: still happening in the USA, so Churchill brings a doctor's
• 55:18
  Speaker 2: note with him saying that he has medically required alcohol.
• 55:23
  Speaker 2: So Churchill, he's in New York. He's crossing Fifth Avenue
• 55:26
  Speaker 2: and then blam, he gets hit by a car and
• 55:30
  Speaker 2: he gets a pretty nasty head wound which results in
• 55:33
  Speaker 2: new ritis. So he and Clementine they go on away
• 55:36
  Speaker 2: trip to NASA, you know, hopefully for him to recoup,
• 55:39
  Speaker 2: but he just is just fucking depressed. He's like, I've
• 55:42
  Speaker 2: lost so much money, I'm injured, my jobushery, it's not
• 55:45
  Speaker 2: going well. So when he's feeling away bit better, they
• 55:49
  Speaker 2: head back up to the States and he finishes his tour.
• 55:52
  Speaker 2: After this, Churchill goes to Germany. He wants to visit
• 55:55
  Speaker 2: his ancestors battlegrounds, and so he heads to Munich, where
• 55:59
  Speaker 2: are of a friend wants to introduce him to one
• 56:03
  Speaker 2: Adolf Hitler. Hitler did not come to the hotel to
• 56:08
  Speaker 2: meet Churchill. Some say it's because Churchill was like Hitler,
• 56:12
  Speaker 2: is he the fellow who doesn't like Jews? And Hitler
• 56:16
  Speaker 2: took offense at that, and the other side say that
• 56:19
  Speaker 2: Hitler said Churchill isn't in office, and of such is
• 56:22
  Speaker 2: of no consequence either way, they didn't meet. So Churchill
• 56:26
  Speaker 2: visits Blenheim and then a few days later he's struck
• 56:29
  Speaker 2: down with power typhoid fever and he gets put in
• 56:32
  Speaker 2: a sanatorium in Salzburg. So he thinks he's fully recovered,
• 56:36
  Speaker 2: and so he heads back to England and then if
• 56:39
  Speaker 2: he's going for a wee leisurely stroll. One day, Bam,
• 56:42
  Speaker 2: his ulcer hemorrhages and he collapses, so he.
• 56:45
  Speaker 4: Gets taken into hospital and then he has to stay
• 56:47
  Speaker 4: in a London.
• 56:48
  Speaker 2: Nursing home for a wee while. Skip forward to nineteen
• 56:51
  Speaker 2: thirty three and Hitler is in power in Germany and
• 56:55
  Speaker 2: Churchill he isn't too happy about this because he knows
• 56:59
  Speaker 2: that Germany is reb their air force and he has
• 57:02
  Speaker 2: some kind of idea that the Luftwaffa being created and
• 57:05
  Speaker 2: Britain had regiced its air force, and he's like, no, no,
• 57:09
  Speaker 2: we need to get more. In nineteen thirty four, Churchill
• 57:12
  Speaker 2: goes on to the radio in a national broadcast and
• 57:15
  Speaker 2: raises his concerns about you know, Nazis and Nazi Germany.
• 57:20
  Speaker 2: And around about this time Churchill also.
• 57:22
  Speaker 6: Said this, those who have met her Hitler face to
• 57:26
  Speaker 6: face have found a highly confident, cool, well informed functionary
• 57:30
  Speaker 6: with an agreeable manner, a disarming smile, and few have
• 57:33
  Speaker 6: been unaffected by a subtle personal magnetism.
• 57:37
  Speaker 2: Hitler and his Nazis had surely shown their patriotic ardor
• 57:41
  Speaker 2: and love of country. He also said that he had admiration.
• 57:45
  Speaker 6: For Hitler and that the courage the puzzle ruins and
• 57:49
  Speaker 6: the vital force which enabled him to overcome all the
• 57:51
  Speaker 6: resistances which barge his bath.
• 57:54
  Speaker 2: And also on the whole miscellany thing. He's like praising
• 57:58
  Speaker 2: him because antisocialism, but he opposes Italy's invasion of Obscenia
• 58:05
  Speaker 2: as it was a primitive, uncivilized nation. Fun fact Italy lost.
• 58:11
  Speaker 2: So King George the fifth he dies, and obviously Edward
• 58:15
  Speaker 2: is next in line to the throne. That's Edward the eighth.
• 58:18
  Speaker 2: I think one second, yes, Edward the eighth, when in
• 58:22
  Speaker 2: doubt sing the monarch song for more blessteris William, William, Henry,
• 58:27
  Speaker 2: Stephen Henry, Richard, john Oi, Henry, ed ed Edwards two
• 58:30
  Speaker 2: with d Moore, Henry's Johnson, Edward, rich Henry, Henry ed again,
• 58:34
  Speaker 2: Mary one good Queen, Miss Jamie, Charles and Charles and
• 58:37
  Speaker 2: then Jim will Mary, Anna, Gloria, George, George, George, George,
• 58:42
  Speaker 2: will Victoria, Edward, George, Edward George six and Queen lives
• 58:47
  Speaker 2: to complete the mags. You can really hear that my
• 58:53
  Speaker 2: voice hasn't come back. Fuck wow. So yeah, Edward the eighth.
• 58:58
  Speaker 2: He wants to marry the love of his life, divorcee
• 59:02
  Speaker 2: Wallace Simpson sorry American divorce, Wallace Simpson and the farm,
• 59:08
  Speaker 2: and all his advisors are like, you can't marry her
• 59:11
  Speaker 2: and be king. So he abdicates and George the sixth
• 59:15
  Speaker 2: succeeds him. Churchill pleasures his allegiance to the new king,
• 59:20
  Speaker 2: but he says the abdugation crisis was bring a drawn,
• 59:24
  Speaker 2: probably quite unnecessary. In nineteen thirty seven, Baldwin the Prime Minister,
• 59:29
  Speaker 2: he resigns and he is succeeded by Nevill Chamberlain, and
• 59:32
  Speaker 2: Churchill is really welcoming to this at first, He's like,
• 59:34
  Speaker 2: really happy, he's on board. But this quickly sours when
• 59:38
  Speaker 2: Neville implements an appeasement policy for Missolini, which he plans
• 59:42
  Speaker 2: to extend to Germany. This may shock you, but Churchill
• 59:46
  Speaker 2: was very anti appeasement. He wanted to have a show
• 59:51
  Speaker 2: of force, if nothing else, at the very least a
• 59:54
  Speaker 2: show forth. But he was hoping to launch an offensive.
• 59:57
  Speaker 2: But the government was using appeasement as a way to pacify,
• 1:00:01
  Speaker 2: you know, the opposing forces, because they weren't ready. They
• 1:00:05
  Speaker 2: had to buy time. There was no way they would
• 1:00:08
  Speaker 2: have survived launching an offensive so early on. And remember
• 1:00:12
  Speaker 2: the Great War was still fresh in the minds of
• 1:00:15
  Speaker 2: so many, Like Britain still bore the scars of it.
• 1:00:20
  Speaker 4: It hadn't fully healed, it hadn't regained itself. From that point,
• 1:00:24
  Speaker 4: they weren't ready for another grand scale war, and by appeasement,
• 1:00:28
  Speaker 4: they were hoping to either buy time or hopefully avoid
• 1:00:32
  Speaker 4: getting involved in anything. Plus, Britain had other things to
• 1:00:35
  Speaker 4: focus on, like and deciding the right to rule over
• 1:00:38
  Speaker 4: the fate of Palestine. As we know, Churchill wasn't super
• 1:00:43
  Speaker 4: into will any group of indigenous people laying claim to
• 1:00:47
  Speaker 4: their own land, So at the Palestine Royal Commission in
• 1:00:53
  Speaker 4: nineteen thirty seven, Churchill testified that Britain had the right
• 1:00:59
  Speaker 4: to Palestine's destiny. He states, actually, wait, I don't want
• 1:01:05
  Speaker 4: to say this now, you know what it's It's better
• 1:01:09
  Speaker 4: I say this than not say it. I'm not gonna
• 1:01:11
  Speaker 4: I'm not gonna censor it because.
• 1:01:13
  Speaker 2: I don't like the phrasing. But yeah, this is a
• 1:01:16
  Speaker 2: quote from Churchill at this commission.
• 1:01:20
  Speaker 6: I do not admit that a great wrong has been
• 1:01:23
  Speaker 6: done to the Red Indians of America or the black
• 1:01:26
  Speaker 6: people of Australia.
• 1:01:28
  Speaker 2: I do not admit that a wrong has been done
• 1:01:30
  Speaker 2: to these people by the fact that a strong old base,
• 1:01:34
  Speaker 2: a higher grade race, a more worldly wise race, has
• 1:01:39
  Speaker 2: come in and taken their place. What a preck.
• 1:01:44
  Speaker 4: Anyway, next year, Churchill has constantly given out about appeasement.
• 1:01:48
  Speaker 2: He's worn in the government. It's the wrong way to go.
• 1:01:50
  Speaker 2: He's not into it. It's just a bad idea. Churchill
• 1:01:53
  Speaker 2: goes to Chamberlain and he tells them to threaten war
• 1:01:56
  Speaker 2: if the German forces invade the sedate in Land, which
• 1:02:00
  Speaker 2: is part of Czechoslovakia, which is inhabited by German speaking peoples,
• 1:02:06
  Speaker 2: or it was once inhabited by German speaking peoples, one
• 1:02:10
  Speaker 2: or the other. Instead of declaring war, Chamberlain signs the
• 1:02:13
  Speaker 2: Munich Agreement allowing Germany to enter Sudate Inland, which Churchill
• 1:02:20
  Speaker 2: called or Jordling or modigod dvout. I know that some
• 1:02:24
  Speaker 2: people believe that Britain was believing Hitler's bullshit about only
• 1:02:28
  Speaker 2: wanting to unite German speaking peoples. I think it's more
• 1:02:32
  Speaker 2: of a hope for the best, expect the worst scenario,
• 1:02:35
  Speaker 2: Like they're hoping they don't have to go to war,
• 1:02:37
  Speaker 2: but they are very much expecting to go to war
• 1:02:41
  Speaker 2: because all of these European countries, they have alliances with
• 1:02:45
  Speaker 2: one another. So Germany has the sedate in land and
• 1:02:48
  Speaker 2: that's supposed to be then that's supposed to be done.
• 1:02:50
  Speaker 2: No more. You've got to be a bit of land,
• 1:02:52
  Speaker 2: your grand And then they start encroaching on the rest
• 1:02:55
  Speaker 2: of Czechoslovakia and Britain's like, as sure, you're pushing it.
• 1:03:01
  Speaker 2: And when they invade Poland on the first of September
• 1:03:03
  Speaker 2: nineteen thirty nine, they're.
• 1:03:05
  Speaker 4: Like, ah, now, lads, you've got a bit far.
• 1:03:08
  Speaker 2: So on the third of September in nineteen thirty nine,
• 1:03:11
  Speaker 2: Britain declares war on Germany. Churchill gets reappointed to Lord
• 1:03:16
  Speaker 2: of the Admiralty even after the massive fuck up last time.
• 1:03:20
  Speaker 2: But yeah, he's first Lord of the Admiralty and he's
• 1:03:23
  Speaker 2: part of the war cabinet. So like, there's this eight
• 1:03:26
  Speaker 2: month period at the beginning of World War Two where
• 1:03:29
  Speaker 2: it's called the phony War because nothing really happens. There
• 1:03:33
  Speaker 2: isn't a large military offensive. There's like one thing, one
• 1:03:37
  Speaker 2: naval battle that happens and I think one little land assault,
• 1:03:40
  Speaker 2: but the majority of it is more like an economic warfare.
• 1:03:44
  Speaker 2: They're like trying to do like naval blockades to like
• 1:03:47
  Speaker 2: prevent Iron getting to Germany. So because there's this like
• 1:03:52
  Speaker 2: one naval victory, there's a lot of commotion and promotion
• 1:03:55
  Speaker 2: in the press regarding Churchill, and he is eating it up,
• 1:04:00
  Speaker 2: and they're trying to avoid Germany invading Norway. But they
• 1:04:04
  Speaker 2: fail because the Warrank Cabinet could not agree with the
• 1:04:08
  Speaker 2: French government.
• 1:04:10
  Speaker 4: So because the Allies fucked up and prevented the occupation
• 1:04:13
  Speaker 4: of Norway by German forces, the Norway Debate happens in
• 1:04:18
  Speaker 4: the House of Commons, and this is like one of
• 1:04:20
  Speaker 4: the most important events ever to happen in like the
• 1:04:23
  Speaker 4: history of Parliament, probably up there with you know, guy
• 1:04:27
  Speaker 4: Fox trying to blow it up. So there was a
• 1:04:29
  Speaker 4: vote of no confidence in Chamberlain and his government and
• 1:04:33
  Speaker 4: Churchill he's actually got quite good support at this time,
• 1:04:37
  Speaker 4: you know, because the Way naval battle and because the
• 1:04:39
  Speaker 4: press is bigging him up, and of course his speeches.
• 1:04:42
  Speaker 4: But because he is a member of this government, he
• 1:04:45
  Speaker 4: has to speak. It's obligatory he has to. So he
• 1:04:49
  Speaker 4: has to somehow shit on the government that he's a
• 1:04:52
  Speaker 4: part of.
• 1:04:52
  Speaker 2: Without degrading or demeaning himself in any way. On May tenth, Belgium, Luxembourg,
• 1:05:00
  Speaker 2: and the Netherlands are all invaded by German forces because
• 1:05:04
  Speaker 2: Germany is making its way towards France.
• 1:05:07
  Speaker 4: Chamberlain tries to set up a coalition government, but Labor
• 1:05:10
  Speaker 4: refused to work with him. Specifically, they'll work with a Conservative,
• 1:05:15
  Speaker 4: but not with Chamberlain. So they've got two options, Winston
• 1:05:19
  Speaker 4: Churchill or Lord Halifax. Now Lord Halifax is a member
• 1:05:23
  Speaker 4: of the House of Lords, so he's not really an option,
• 1:05:27
  Speaker 4: so Churchill gets it. Churchill is appointed Prime Minister in
• 1:05:30
  Speaker 4: October when Chamberlain resigns due to ill health, even though
• 1:05:35
  Speaker 4: Churchill was still generally unpopular within and out with his.
• 1:05:38
  Speaker 2: Own party, so the countries at war. First things first,
• 1:05:41
  Speaker 2: Churchill sets up a war cabinet, and he has members
• 1:05:44
  Speaker 2: of both Labor and the Conservatives, including Arthur Greenwood, Lord Halifax,
• 1:05:50
  Speaker 2: Clement Attlee, and Neville Chamberlain. As World War Two rages on,
• 1:05:55
  Speaker 2: like the cabinet expands, you end up with a Minister
• 1:05:59
  Speaker 2: for Labor and the Minister of Defense because there was
• 1:06:02
  Speaker 2: no minister in charge of prosecuting the war, and Minister
• 1:06:07
  Speaker 2: of Defense was an additional duty that church Hill gave himself.
• 1:06:12
  Speaker 2: It was an additional appointment, thus making him the most
• 1:06:15
  Speaker 2: powerful prime minister during wartime in history. So war rage
• 1:06:21
  Speaker 2: is on and after the defeat at Dunkirk and France
• 1:06:24
  Speaker 2: is about to fall, some members of the government are
• 1:06:26
  Speaker 2: hoping that maybe they can work out a peace treaty
• 1:06:29
  Speaker 2: with Germany. In Churchill really didn't want public opinion to
• 1:06:32
  Speaker 2: sway in the way of a peace treaty. He didn't
• 1:06:35
  Speaker 2: want that, so he did what he did best, speeches,
• 1:06:39
  Speaker 2: and of course, using his gift to the gap, he
• 1:06:41
  Speaker 2: wins everyone over. He orders the formation of both the
• 1:06:45
  Speaker 2: Special Operations Executive, the SOE and the Commandos. So there
• 1:06:49
  Speaker 2: was a fuck ton of stuff happening during wartime. And
• 1:06:52
  Speaker 2: it's not just battles and speeches. He's like organizing the
• 1:06:56
  Speaker 2: creation of like chemical warfare, one of which I covered
• 1:07:00
  Speaker 2: in one of our previous episodes, the Bittysode of Anthrax Island,
• 1:07:03
  Speaker 2: which you should totally go listen to it. They tried
• 1:07:06
  Speaker 2: a bunch of a bunch of shit. A lot of
• 1:07:08
  Speaker 2: it is what I like to call Operation What the Fuck,
• 1:07:12
  Speaker 2: which is going to be a series on YouTube when
• 1:07:14
  Speaker 2: I actually get round to filming all of the weird
• 1:07:16
  Speaker 2: shit they tried to do. But a lot of these
• 1:07:18
  Speaker 2: things they tried were weird. I mean, you can call.
• 1:07:21
  Speaker 4: It outside the box, but it's just fucking weird. And
• 1:07:25
  Speaker 4: a lot of the other stuff is quite unethical. See,
• 1:07:29
  Speaker 4: Churchill is getting worried about the quality of the British
• 1:07:32
  Speaker 4: troops because they're being defeated in France, Norway, crete in Greece,
• 1:07:37
  Speaker 4: and to add insult to injury, Japan takes Singapore and Burma.
• 1:07:42
  Speaker 4: So in nineteen forty three he really starts going to
• 1:07:44
  Speaker 4: all of these international conferences with other leaders, and over
• 1:07:48
  Speaker 4: the next year in a bit, he spends like two
• 1:07:51
  Speaker 4: thirds of his time out of the country. Like he's
• 1:07:54
  Speaker 4: not in Britain, he's elsewhere meeting up with all these
• 1:07:57
  Speaker 4: other leaders planning out shit. So I will Trychi is
• 1:08:00
  Speaker 4: barely in the country, and you know, the Allies are
• 1:08:02
  Speaker 4: still very much in the midst of the war with Nazis.
• 1:08:06
  Speaker 4: Bengal in British India is suffering one of the worst
• 1:08:10
  Speaker 4: famines in its history. It's at the point where British
• 1:08:13
  Speaker 4: officials are actually telegramming back requesting aid, and Churchill says
• 1:08:18
  Speaker 4: that relief would do no good because it was the
• 1:08:20
  Speaker 4: Indian's fault. For reading live rabbits, and when they informed
• 1:08:26
  Speaker 4: him of the bodies quite literally piling up in the streets,
• 1:08:29
  Speaker 4: he asked, why isn't gold digi It Not only was
• 1:08:34
  Speaker 4: the majority of viable food reserved for either British forces
• 1:08:39
  Speaker 4: or British officials in India. When Canada and the US
• 1:08:43
  Speaker 4: offered to provide foodstuffs in aid, you know, for India,
• 1:08:47
  Speaker 4: Churchill denied this request and he had the foods diverted
• 1:08:52
  Speaker 4: to British troops to support British troops.
• 1:08:57
  Speaker 2: And you might be thinking, well, you know, that's just
• 1:08:59
  Speaker 2: one of the sadfices you make in war, except the
• 1:09:03
  Speaker 2: areas he was sending food to the troops didn't have
• 1:09:06
  Speaker 2: a food shortage. Skipped forward to D Day the Sex
• 1:09:09
  Speaker 2: of June nineteen forty four and Churchill is actively involved
• 1:09:13
  Speaker 2: in this. He expects to go with the troops on
• 1:09:16
  Speaker 2: D Day, or at least on the next day, but
• 1:09:18
  Speaker 2: the King basically tells him no. So the thing about
• 1:09:21
  Speaker 2: D Day is it was actually supposed to happen a
• 1:09:23
  Speaker 2: little bit earlier, but because of a teenage girl in
• 1:09:26
  Speaker 2: County Mayo and Ireland, it didn't and it probably saved
• 1:09:31
  Speaker 2: literally thousands of lives, but that's another story for another day.
• 1:09:35
  Speaker 2: Churchill had estimated a loss of twenty thousand souls, but luckily,
• 1:09:39
  Speaker 2: I guess it was only eight thousand. I mean, luckily
• 1:09:43
  Speaker 2: it was less death, but still massive loss of life.
• 1:09:47
  Speaker 2: Not exactly anything to be happy about. But yes, D
• 1:09:50
  Speaker 2: Day and the invasion of Normandy are success In nineteen
• 1:09:54
  Speaker 2: forty five.
• 1:09:55
  Speaker 4: The Allies can feel that the end is near, but Churchill,
• 1:09:59
  Speaker 4: he really wants to shorten this war.
• 1:10:00
  Speaker 2: He thinks he can just get it down, and in
• 1:10:03
  Speaker 2: the last few months of the war he thinks, what's
• 1:10:07
  Speaker 2: a war crime amongst friends? The German city of Dresden
• 1:10:11
  Speaker 2: is full of the wounded and refugees from the Eastern Front,
• 1:10:15
  Speaker 2: and between the thirteenth and fifteenth of December, US and
• 1:10:20
  Speaker 2: British air bombers decide to attack the city, resulting in
• 1:10:24
  Speaker 2: the death of up to twenty five thousand people, most
• 1:10:28
  Speaker 2: of whom were civilians and people fleeing the war. But
• 1:10:32
  Speaker 2: Dresden was not the only city to be destroyed by
• 1:10:34
  Speaker 2: this bombing campaign, because Hamburg and Cologne were also fucked
• 1:10:40
  Speaker 2: up by the Allies. And it wasn't just cities. Small
• 1:10:43
  Speaker 2: towns were also part of this attack, Allied forces were
• 1:10:47
  Speaker 2: deliberately bombing small towns with little to no strategic value.
• 1:10:53
  Speaker 2: Churchill wasn't shy about the fact that he had no
• 1:10:56
  Speaker 2: conscientious or legal objections to bombing places once he took
• 1:11:00
  Speaker 2: go for as Prime Minister, and he probably didn't give
• 1:11:02
  Speaker 2: one flying fuck that he killed six hundred and thirty
• 1:11:05
  Speaker 2: five thousand civilians, including seventy five thousand children. On the
• 1:11:11
  Speaker 2: seventh of May nineteen forty five, the Allies accepted Germany's
• 1:11:15
  Speaker 2: unconditional surrender. The next day is known as V Day
• 1:11:19
  Speaker 2: or victory in Europe Day, and Churchill he broadcasts to
• 1:11:24
  Speaker 2: the nation that Germany has been defeated. Afterwards, he goes
• 1:11:28
  Speaker 2: to Buckingham Fucking Palace and shows upon the balcony waving
• 1:11:33
  Speaker 2: along with the royal family. So the war ends. Things
• 1:11:36
  Speaker 2: cool down a wee bit. Labor no longer wants to
• 1:11:39
  Speaker 2: be in government, you know, in a coalition, so the
• 1:11:42
  Speaker 2: government dissolves and Churchill gets permission from the King to
• 1:11:45
  Speaker 2: set up a new government until the next general election.
• 1:11:50
  Speaker 2: The next general election comes around and Churchill broadcasts that
• 1:11:57
  Speaker 2: the labor government of a labor government would have to
• 1:12:01
  Speaker 2: have some form of gestapo in order to work. Now,
• 1:12:06
  Speaker 2: comparing members of the government to your enemy's secret police
• 1:12:12
  Speaker 2: regime not really a good idea, but he said it anyway,
• 1:12:17
  Speaker 2: and surprisingly enough, he'll loses that election, but he stays
• 1:12:21
  Speaker 2: a member of the Conservative Party as the leader of
• 1:12:24
  Speaker 2: the opposition when Churchill is seventy seven years old. The
• 1:12:29
  Speaker 2: Conservative Party win more seats in the next general election
• 1:12:33
  Speaker 2: in nineteen fifty one, and Churchill is the Prime Minister again.
• 1:12:38
  Speaker 2: The King at the time, George the sixth he's getting
• 1:12:42
  Speaker 2: worried about.
• 1:12:42
  Speaker 4: Churchill and his declining health and how.
• 1:12:44
  Speaker 2: He's just not quite the man he was, and he
• 1:12:49
  Speaker 2: is planning to request that Churchill steps down. Unfortunately, George
• 1:12:53
  Speaker 2: the sixth dies before he can do this. In nineteen
• 1:12:57
  Speaker 2: fifty three, he accepts the Order of the Garter at
• 1:13:00
  Speaker 2: Queen Elizabeth the second request, and he is knighted as
• 1:13:04
  Speaker 2: Sir Winston Churchill. On the twenty fourth of April nineteen
• 1:13:07
  Speaker 2: fifty three. Mos later, Churchill suffers a stroke and he
• 1:13:11
  Speaker 2: is like partially paralyzed down one side. They keep this
• 1:13:16
  Speaker 2: whole thing a secret at the time, and he goes
• 1:13:18
  Speaker 2: home to rest for a couple of months, and he
• 1:13:20
  Speaker 2: recuperates and he gets basically back to you know, work
• 1:13:24
  Speaker 2: in order, so he has to resign in nineteen fifty
• 1:13:27
  Speaker 2: five and Elizabeth the Second she offers to create the
• 1:13:33
  Speaker 2: title Duke of London for Churchill, but then she doesn't
• 1:13:37
  Speaker 2: because Randolph his son doesn't want to inherit it. And like,
• 1:13:43
  Speaker 2: even though Churchill had like resimed his Prime Minister, he
• 1:13:46
  Speaker 2: was still an MP, a Member of Parliament up until
• 1:13:50
  Speaker 2: nineteen sixty four when he eventually stands down, and that's
• 1:13:54
  Speaker 2: him finally retired. And he spends most of his time
• 1:13:57
  Speaker 2: either like in London or Dawson about the French Riviera,
• 1:14:02
  Speaker 2: hobnobbing with the high society of folks there. But it's
• 1:14:06
  Speaker 2: not all sunshine and rose. See, when he's in Monte Carlo,
• 1:14:10
  Speaker 2: he takes a tumble and breaks his hip. He's then
• 1:14:12
  Speaker 2: flown back to a London hospital because part of the
• 1:14:15
  Speaker 2: hospital's in Monte Carlo were good enough. The very next year,
• 1:14:19
  Speaker 2: JFK President John Fitzgerald Kennedy proclaims Winston Churchill an honorary us.
• 1:14:27
  Speaker 4: Is in via an Act of Congress. Due to his
• 1:14:31
  Speaker 4: ill health, he's not able.
• 1:14:33
  Speaker 2: To fly to the White House to receive this honor.
• 1:14:35
  Speaker 2: Some reports said because he was just physically unwell, and
• 1:14:39
  Speaker 2: others it's the return of the black Dog and that
• 1:14:41
  Speaker 2: he is in the midst of a great depression. In
• 1:14:44
  Speaker 2: nineteen sixty five, Churchill suffers a final stroke and he
• 1:14:50
  Speaker 2: passes away. Twelve days later on the twenty fourth of January.
• 1:14:54
  Speaker 2: He has a massive state dream role that they have
• 1:14:57
  Speaker 2: been planning for twelve years. They had prepared over a
• 1:15:01
  Speaker 2: decade in advance our take of January. He was buried
• 1:15:05
  Speaker 2: in Saint Matred's Church and his family plot and so
• 1:15:09
  Speaker 2: ends the story of Sir Winston Churchill. I'm so glad
• 1:15:13
  Speaker 2: you made it this far. I'm sorry that my voice
• 1:15:15
  Speaker 2: is dying. If you liked my retelling of this tale,
• 1:15:18
  Speaker 2: feel free to rate and review five stars on all
• 1:15:21
  Speaker 2: of the things that you can rate on Spotify, Apple podcasts.
• 1:15:25
  Speaker 2: Say nice things, please give five stars, or you can
• 1:15:28
  Speaker 2: just say mean things. You can say whatever you want
• 1:15:30
  Speaker 2: as long as you give me five stars. You can
• 1:15:31
  Speaker 2: insult me. I don't care. And now to the part
• 1:15:34
  Speaker 2: where I ask you a favor. If you were listening
• 1:15:37
  Speaker 2: to this before September twelfth, twenty twenty two.
• 1:15:41
  Speaker 4: I really lead you to go onto the Irish podcast
• 1:15:43
  Speaker 4: Awards link down below and it'll be an option for
• 1:15:47
  Speaker 4: the listener.
• 1:15:47
  Speaker 2: Sorry, I know this is a hassle, bit bear with me.
• 1:15:51
  Speaker 2: So you type in who did what now and you'll
• 1:15:53
  Speaker 2: see my weel will come up and you click on
• 1:15:55
  Speaker 2: me and you have to fill in some details you
• 1:15:57
  Speaker 2: read email address, and they will send you an email
• 1:16:00
  Speaker 2: which you then have to click on to approve the
• 1:16:03
  Speaker 2: vote because it's one email per vote, one vote per
• 1:16:09
  Speaker 2: email address. Yep, that's right. I would appreciate it so
• 1:16:13
  Speaker 2: so much. You have no idea. Now before I go,
• 1:16:16
  Speaker 2: I must do some recommendations for listening. I am going
• 1:16:21
  Speaker 2: to recommend the Art of History podcast with Amanda Go.
• 1:16:25
  Speaker 2: She's fantastic. Go listen to her. For watching fuck It
• 1:16:30
  Speaker 2: she hawk Attorney at Law. It's funny, it's great, Go
• 1:16:33
  Speaker 2: watch it. And for reading Oh Fire and Blood by
• 1:16:38
  Speaker 2: George R. R. Martin. I was recently inspired not by the
• 1:16:41
  Speaker 2: TV show actually, but by is it Kaye Say, Katy Say. Anyway,
• 1:16:48
  Speaker 2: she's fantastic on TikTok and she talks about all the
• 1:16:51
  Speaker 2: history of Game of Thrones and a Song of Ice
• 1:16:52
  Speaker 2: and Fire and it just made me really want to
• 1:16:54
  Speaker 2: read it again. So go read that and with that
• 1:16:59
  Speaker 2: I shall say good night, Adios au revoir or voo
• 1:17:04
  Speaker 2: is m my friends, Bye bye,