Latest / Dr Justin Coulson's Happy Families / #222 From the Doctor's Desk
Transcript
- 0:03Speaker 1: It's the Happy Families podcast. It's the podcast for the
- 0:07Speaker 1: time poor parent who just wants answers.
- 0:10Speaker 2: Now, fostering a love of reading will help to foster
- 0:13Speaker 2: a love of learning.
- 0:14Speaker 1: And now here's the stars of our show, my mum
- 0:17Speaker 1: and dad.
- 0:18Speaker 2: Hello, this is doctor Justin Colson, the author of six
- 0:20Speaker 2: books soon to be seven.
- 0:23Speaker 3: You're such a tease.
- 0:24Speaker 2: About about raising happy families. I'm very excited I'm writing here.
- 0:27Speaker 4: Yes, you are, because you usually get to have a
- 0:29Speaker 4: sabbatical when you write a book.
- 0:31Speaker 3: You leave me with the kids.
- 0:32Speaker 2: You make it sound like I'm working hard when I
- 0:35Speaker 2: write these books.
- 0:36Speaker 5: You don't know. You don't know how much pain I
- 0:38Speaker 5: go through to write a book.
- 0:39Speaker 2: You do not know how much pain I go through
- 0:41Speaker 2: when you write a book. Yes, the person opposite me
- 0:43Speaker 2: complaining about having the children that we've had were the
- 0:47Speaker 2: parents of six daughters. By the way, is my wife.
- 0:49Speaker 2: And for today, maybe not ever again. My podcast partner
- 0:54Speaker 2: Kylie missus Happy Families, as we affectionately know you on
- 0:58Speaker 2: the podcast and on our Facebook. Hey, we've got a
- 1:01Speaker 2: brand new segment today. We've been thinking about ways that
- 1:04Speaker 2: we can communicate really great science that's coming out to
- 1:07Speaker 2: help families to.
- 1:08Speaker 5: Be happier, and we've come up with this idea. We've
- 1:11Speaker 5: decided to call it.
- 1:12Speaker 4: I think you've come up with this idea. I think
- 1:14Speaker 4: this is a geek out hour, just letting you all
- 1:16Speaker 4: know on my.
- 1:18Speaker 3: Team, this is geek out Hour with doctor Justin.
- 1:22Speaker 5: What you're saying is you think I'm trying to flex,
- 1:24Speaker 5: don't you.
- 1:24Speaker 3: Let's be serious for a second.
- 1:26Speaker 4: You are actually really really good at teasing out the
- 1:29Speaker 4: information that's needed for the average mum and dad from
- 1:34Speaker 4: all of those big words that you like to use
- 1:37Speaker 4: in academia that just hurt my head.
- 1:40Speaker 2: Okay, so the segment is called from the Doctor's Desk,
- 1:42Speaker 2: And essentially what we're doing is academics don't do a
- 1:45Speaker 2: great job. We're getting better at it, but academics don't
- 1:48Speaker 2: do a great job of taking the science discoveries that
- 1:51Speaker 2: we make in our fancy universities and bringing that into
- 1:55Speaker 2: the mainstream so that people can really get access to
- 1:58Speaker 2: the very best information improve their lives. And so much
- 2:01Speaker 2: research exists that can be tremendously helpful, but it takes
- 2:05Speaker 2: years for it to be understood properly and then to
- 2:07Speaker 2: make its way into textbooks and then to make its
- 2:09Speaker 2: way into university courses and then for people to understand
- 2:12Speaker 2: and the idea of from the doctor's desk, this little
- 2:15Speaker 2: segment that we're going to do every couple of weeks.
- 2:17Speaker 2: As research papers make their way across my desk that
- 2:19Speaker 2: I think are relevant to you as a happy Famili's listener,
- 2:23Speaker 2: we're going to talk about them.
- 2:24Speaker 4: So we've got three bits of research to talk about today.
- 2:28Speaker 4: The first two come from the University of South Australia
- 2:31Speaker 4: and they're talking about the relationship that exists between mental
- 2:37Speaker 4: health and sleep in our teenagers. And the second one
- 2:41Speaker 4: is one for parents with boys. This is really good news.
- 2:46Speaker 4: The research is actually suggesting that our boys might actually
- 2:49Speaker 4: enjoy reading more than we think. And the third one
- 2:54Speaker 4: was part of a national survey that was published in
- 2:57Speaker 4: the Medical Journal of Australia that talks about how the
- 3:01Speaker 4: pandemic has actually affected Australian children. So what is the
- 3:04Speaker 4: research actually telling us.
- 3:06Speaker 2: The first thing is that sleep is not a luxury item,
- 3:09Speaker 2: and teenagers treat it like it is. And when I
- 3:11Speaker 2: say a luxury item, it's not that they're out there thinking, oh,
- 3:13Speaker 2: I need to spend lots of money on my sleep.
- 3:15Speaker 2: It's like it's a luxury item. Is one of those
- 3:17Speaker 2: things that you can live without. You know, you buy
- 3:20Speaker 2: your luxuries when you've got the capacity for them. And
- 3:23Speaker 2: the research is saying really clearly, no, sleep is not
- 3:26Speaker 2: a luxury item. This comes from, as you mentioned, the
- 3:29Speaker 2: University of South Australia doctor alex alec Agustini and Stephanie
- 3:32Speaker 2: sent Fanti have said, and I quote, research shows that
- 3:35Speaker 2: teenagers need at least eight hours of sleep each night.
- 3:40Speaker 2: Without this, they're less able to deal with stresses such
- 3:43Speaker 2: as bullying or social pressures, and they run the risk
- 3:46Speaker 2: of developing behavioral problems as well as anxiety and depression.
- 3:50Speaker 2: And then they make this point and again this is
- 3:52Speaker 2: a direct quote. If sleep drops to less than six
- 3:55Speaker 2: hours a night, research shows that teens are twice as
- 3:59Speaker 2: likely to engage in risky behaviors such as dangerous driving, marijuana,
- 4:04Speaker 2: alcohol or tobacco use, risky sexual behavior, and other aggressive
- 4:09Speaker 2: or harmful activities. In some ways, this is not brand
- 4:12Speaker 2: new research, but it's a really important reminder and what
- 4:16Speaker 2: the data does seem to be telling this is that
- 4:18Speaker 2: sleep is being displaced at the moment in our teenagers
- 4:21Speaker 2: and it's probably no surprise what it's mainly being displaced by.
- 4:24Speaker 3: I have to believe that screens play a huge part.
- 4:27Speaker 2: In this, and parents of tweens and teens are consistently
- 4:30Speaker 2: emailing me and writing in and saying, how do we
- 4:33Speaker 2: get our kids off the screen so that they'll go
- 4:34Speaker 2: to sleep. It's not necessarily that the screens are bad
- 4:39Speaker 2: as screens, they're not necessarily bad for kids. It's what
- 4:41Speaker 2: they take our children away from and for teenagers. When
- 4:45Speaker 2: I'm in and out of schools talking about all the
- 4:46Speaker 2: different stuff that I talk about. When I visit schools,
- 4:49Speaker 2: something that I'll often ask is you know how many
- 4:51Speaker 2: hours of sleep you're getting?
- 4:52Speaker 5: And I'll just get them to put up.
- 4:53Speaker 2: Their hand and leave it up, and I'll start at nine,
- 4:55Speaker 2: and then eight and seven and six, and there's often
- 4:59Speaker 2: forty fifty percent of kids are saying that they're getting
- 5:01Speaker 2: six hours or less per night. I mean, I can't
- 5:04Speaker 2: survive on that.
- 5:04Speaker 5: I can't function the zombie.
- 5:07Speaker 2: And the research again shows that when you don't get
- 5:10Speaker 2: enough sleep, your willpower is reduced, your morality is reduced,
- 5:13Speaker 2: your capacity to say no to things you need to
- 5:15Speaker 2: say no to is reduced.
- 5:17Speaker 3: I just turned into Tyronosaurus rex.
- 5:19Speaker 5: I think, yeah, yeah, because you're not a teenager.
- 5:21Speaker 2: But when you're a teenager, it turns into this hyper
- 5:24Speaker 2: risky behavior. Like I said, teens are at twice the
- 5:27Speaker 2: risk of engaging in those dangerous and delinquent behaviors when
- 5:30Speaker 2: they're getting less than six.
- 5:32Speaker 5: Hours sleep a night. It's a really big risk factor.
- 5:35Speaker 4: So before we go into number two, is there one
- 5:37Speaker 4: take home that we can give to parents in relation
- 5:40Speaker 4: to this research?
- 5:41Speaker 5: Yeah, really important question.
- 5:42Speaker 2: I think the one take home is if your kids
- 5:44Speaker 2: are not getting enough sleep, you need to go through
- 5:46Speaker 2: my three.
- 5:47Speaker 5: Ease of Effective Discipline.
- 5:49Speaker 2: That is, you need to explore what's going on with them,
- 5:52Speaker 2: explain what your expectations are and why, and empower them
- 5:56Speaker 2: to work with you to come up with really good
- 5:58Speaker 2: solutions that are going to help everybody.
- 6:00Speaker 5: Be healthier and happier. I talk about it a lot
- 6:02Speaker 5: more online. You can get the articles for free. Look
- 6:04Speaker 5: up the three.
- 6:05Speaker 2: Ease of Effective Discipline, or grab my book like Misconnection.
- 6:08Speaker 2: While your teenage daughter hates who expects the world needs
- 6:10Speaker 2: to talk. I talk to you very very clearly about
- 6:13Speaker 2: how we can get that discipline right. But please don't
- 6:16Speaker 2: try to have that conversation at ten thirty at night
- 6:18Speaker 2: when everybody's tired.
- 6:19Speaker 5: It's a recipe for disaster.
- 6:21Speaker 4: So piece number two, this is for parents of boys.
- 6:25Speaker 3: This is exciting.
- 6:27Speaker 4: We've actually finding out that our boys might actually like reading.
- 6:31Speaker 2: So I've been saying this for years, not necessarily with
- 6:33Speaker 2: the research to back it, but a lot of parents
- 6:35Speaker 2: will say, my boys they just hate reading.
- 6:37Speaker 5: I can't get them into books.
- 6:39Speaker 2: And my response has always been you just have to
- 6:41Speaker 2: find the right book. And what this research has showed
- 6:45Speaker 2: is that that's pretty much.
- 6:46Speaker 5: Yet.
- 6:47Speaker 2: First of all, the research has found that and this
- 6:49Speaker 2: again was University of South Astralia research is as you said,
- 6:53Speaker 2: and they published it in the British Educational Research Journal.
- 6:56Speaker 2: They found not only do boys love to read, but
- 6:59Speaker 2: they actually love to read fiction. And that runs counter
- 7:02Speaker 2: to the common assumption in education, especially the boys prefer nonfiction.
- 7:07Speaker 5: A lot of people think the boys want.
- 7:08Speaker 2: To read books about cars or dinosaurs or you know,
- 7:12Speaker 2: about real stuff, and girls like all the fiction. But
- 7:14Speaker 2: if you can get the right fiction book, boys love
- 7:18Speaker 2: to read.
- 7:19Speaker 4: It kind of reminds me of The Princess Bride. You
- 7:21Speaker 4: know that Ape Nooton scene where Grandpa comes in business.
- 7:24Speaker 3: What's his name?
- 7:24Speaker 5: What's the little boy's name, Fred Savage?
- 7:26Speaker 2: I can't remember his name is Fred Savage in the movie,
- 7:28Speaker 2: but he was the guy in the Wonder Years, and
- 7:29Speaker 2: now he's in The Princess Bride. I can't remember what
- 7:31Speaker 2: his name is in the in The Princess Bride, the
- 7:33Speaker 2: best movie ever.
- 7:33Speaker 5: I love The Princess Bride.
- 7:34Speaker 3: Well, Grandpa comes over with the book because he's sick. Yes,
- 7:37Speaker 3: that's right, he's looking at and it's called The Princess Bride.
- 7:42Speaker 4: Like he was like, oh, please, don't tell me there's
- 7:45Speaker 4: going to be kissing in it and all of that
- 7:46Speaker 4: kind of stuff. But Grandpa says, all right, well, we'll
- 7:48Speaker 4: just give it a go. So he starts reading the book,
- 7:50Speaker 4: and the grandson, I wish I knew his name. He
- 7:53Speaker 4: keeps stopping him and going, oh, Grandpa, do I have
- 7:55Speaker 4: to listen to this? I mean seriously, he's really really
- 7:59Speaker 4: just taken back by all of this, But sooner or
- 8:02Speaker 4: later he gets completely hooked, and Grandpa goes, you know what,
- 8:04Speaker 4: you know, I think you've had enough.
- 8:05Speaker 3: We're not going to read anymore. And he's like, no, no, no,
- 8:07Speaker 3: it's okay. I'm all right. And he just has to
- 8:10Speaker 3: hear the whole story.
- 8:11Speaker 4: And I think that whole thing that we're talking about
- 8:14Speaker 4: is just engaging our kids and things that they really
- 8:16Speaker 4: can enjoy and become immersed in.
- 8:19Speaker 2: So I've just done a quick google while you were
- 8:21Speaker 2: sharing that, and the character that Fred Savage plays in
- 8:24Speaker 2: The Princess Bride is grandson Grandson. He actually doesn't have
- 8:28Speaker 2: a name.
- 8:29Speaker 5: Really, that's right.
- 8:32Speaker 3: Well, that doesn't make it very easy to tell a story,
- 8:34Speaker 3: does it.
- 8:34Speaker 5: No, No, no, not if you're reaching for the name.
- 8:36Speaker 5: So that's the second piece of research.
- 8:38Speaker 2: So the take home message is number one, you've just
- 8:40Speaker 2: got to find the right book, and number two, read
- 8:44Speaker 2: with your boys and your girls. Reading is so strongly
- 8:47Speaker 2: associated with academic outcomes, as reading is so strongly associated
- 8:51Speaker 2: with the ability that we have to connect as parents
- 8:53Speaker 2: with our kids. It's just such a wonderful way to
- 8:55Speaker 2: spend our evenings with our children. Fostering a love of
- 8:58Speaker 2: reading will help to foster a love of learning. And
- 9:01Speaker 2: so this research is I think a great comfort to
- 9:04Speaker 2: parents who have boys who maybe thought, oh, there's no
- 9:06Speaker 2: hope they don't like reading.
- 9:08Speaker 5: Just get them involved. They'll find something and it'll work.
- 9:11Speaker 4: I think that one of the biggest challenges we have
- 9:13Speaker 4: is that we often think that our children have to
- 9:16Speaker 4: do the reading themselves to learn to love it. But
- 9:19Speaker 4: what we've experienced in our home is that reading with
- 9:22Speaker 4: them is the greatest way to involve them and engage them.
- 9:26Speaker 2: Up next, we're going to talk about how the pandemic
- 9:27Speaker 2: has affected Australian children.
- 9:29Speaker 1: It's the Happy Families Podcast.
- 9:32Speaker 4: For a happier family, try a Happy Families membership, because
- 9:36Speaker 4: a happy family doesn't just happen. Details at happy families
- 9:39Speaker 4: dot com dot Au. It's the Happy Families Podcast, the
- 9:43Speaker 4: podcast for the time poor parent who just wants answers now.
- 9:47Speaker 4: And today we are letting doctor Justin Colson geek out
- 9:50Speaker 4: a little bit with the research.
- 9:51Speaker 5: Yep, it's from the doctor's desk.
- 9:53Speaker 2: And the third bit of research that I want to
- 9:54Speaker 2: highlight has come from the Medical Journal of Australia.
- 9:58Speaker 5: This is data that has surveyed.
- 10:00Speaker 2: The nation and had to look at how our children
- 10:03Speaker 2: have fared during the pandemic. And in a nutshell, what
- 10:08Speaker 2: the data is showing is that we have a growing
- 10:10Speaker 2: need on what is already a fairly substantial problem, and
- 10:13Speaker 2: that is that the mental health of our young people
- 10:15Speaker 2: is declining and the argument is that COVID has made
- 10:18Speaker 2: it worse.
- 10:20Speaker 4: Do you really think that COVID has made it worse?
- 10:22Speaker 5: Yeah, and I think that certain areas of the nation
- 10:24Speaker 5: are going to be affected worse.
- 10:25Speaker 1: Now.
- 10:25Speaker 2: I haven't been able to look carefully at the breakdown,
- 10:27Speaker 2: but this data is reflected not just in the Medical
- 10:29Speaker 2: Journal of Australia, but I had to look at a
- 10:31Speaker 2: brand new paper that was published recently looking at twenty
- 10:34Speaker 2: twenty data from Headspace, who do lots and lots of
- 10:37Speaker 2: work with young people, and what it demonstrated. What it showed,
- 10:40Speaker 2: I should say, was that about one in two of
- 10:43Speaker 2: our young people now between twelve and twenty four, one
- 10:47Speaker 2: in two of them are indicating that they're experiencing higher
- 10:51Speaker 2: than normal levels elevated levels of mental distress. And if
- 10:55Speaker 2: you're in Melbourne particularly, the data seems to be pointing
- 11:01Speaker 2: to you know, the most of the lockdown and the
- 11:03Speaker 2: more constrained people have been, the more likely it is
- 11:06Speaker 2: that this is going to affect them.
- 11:07Speaker 4: So what were the numbers before the pandemic, before this research?
- 11:10Speaker 4: Because my understanding, based on lots of conversations we've had
- 11:14Speaker 4: over the time is that there has been a significant
- 11:17Speaker 4: decline in our children's well being and mental health for
- 11:20Speaker 4: some time now.
- 11:21Speaker 2: We've been watching this become a bigger and bigger problem
- 11:25Speaker 2: over the last couple of decades, certainly over the last
- 11:28Speaker 2: ten to fifteen years. Gene Twengey from San Diego University
- 11:32Speaker 2: consistently points to I generation. You know, since since the
- 11:37Speaker 2: iPhone became ubiquitous from about twenty twelve, that's where we've
- 11:42Speaker 2: really seen the precipitous drops and the major challenges. I
- 11:46Speaker 2: don't think it's a fair or appropriate to blame it
- 11:48Speaker 2: entirely on screens. I think that we have a society
- 11:50Speaker 2: that is increasingly unkind to children and to.
- 11:53Speaker 5: Families for a variety of reasons.
- 11:57Speaker 2: We now almost require parents to be both in the workforce,
- 12:02Speaker 2: children to be in higher levels of you know, have
- 12:06Speaker 2: longer hours in care than ever before. There's more academic
- 12:10Speaker 2: pressure on children at a younger age. There's also, because
- 12:13Speaker 2: of the way society works, more isolation for children than
- 12:16Speaker 2: there's ever been before. They don't just get on their
- 12:18Speaker 2: bikes and ride down to the park and hang out
- 12:20Speaker 2: with their friends after school. And we're also sending more
- 12:22Speaker 2: kids to private schools, which means that the neighborhood doesn't
- 12:25Speaker 2: exist like it used to. You know, everyone used to
- 12:27Speaker 2: go to the neighborhood school. That doesn't happen anymore. And
- 12:29Speaker 2: the list keeps on going and going. So I don't
- 12:31Speaker 2: think we can just put it onto the iPhone and
- 12:34Speaker 2: say that it's because of technology, although it's probably contributing.
- 12:37Speaker 5: I think that that's reasonable to hold that position.
- 12:41Speaker 2: And I know, by the way that what I've just
- 12:42Speaker 2: said is kind of provocative and a lot of people
- 12:44Speaker 2: are sort of going, well, what else am I supposed
- 12:45Speaker 2: to do? I don't survive unless I go to work,
- 12:47Speaker 2: And yes, that does mean my kids have to be
- 12:48Speaker 2: an outside of school, ours care and so on. I'm
- 12:51Speaker 2: not pointing anything that is. What I'm saying is society
- 12:53Speaker 2: is horrible, and COVID has only exacerbated that by requiring
- 12:57Speaker 2: families to be stuck at home and by removing this
- 13:00Speaker 2: social outlets that they may previously have had. So the
- 13:05Speaker 2: data is in, and more children than ever before are
- 13:08Speaker 2: struggling from a mental health perspective, And while the data
- 13:12Speaker 2: doesn't highlight answers, I think that there's probably a couple
- 13:15Speaker 2: that I could share that might be useful if that's
- 13:17Speaker 2: your family.
- 13:18Speaker 4: You've suggested that there's four things that you might share
- 13:21Speaker 4: with us that would help.
- 13:23Speaker 5: Yeah. The first one is just build relationships. Back up.
- 13:26Speaker 2: The quality of our children's connections and the joy that
- 13:29Speaker 2: they experience from regular face to face contact with trusted
- 13:32Speaker 2: friends that they connect with is going to do more
- 13:34Speaker 2: than thousands of dollars worth of therapy. You know, it's
- 13:37Speaker 2: just it's so important, or if therapy is needed because
- 13:42Speaker 2: things are really serious, those social connections and those relationships
- 13:45Speaker 2: will restore well being much faster. Second, get them physically active.
- 13:50Speaker 2: Movement is incredible in terms of the scientifically demonstrated positive
- 13:56Speaker 2: impact that it has on well being, even if it's
- 13:59Speaker 2: if we can make that move happen with people that way,
- 14:01Speaker 2: we get to build connection and physical well being, So
- 14:04Speaker 2: that's doubly good.
- 14:06Speaker 5: Third thing I reckon, get your kids involved in a
- 14:08Speaker 5: passion project.
- 14:08Speaker 2: If there's something that they're right into, whether it's art
- 14:11Speaker 2: or music, or they want to create something, or it
- 14:12Speaker 2: might be something religious, or it could be sporty, whatever
- 14:15Speaker 2: it is, get them involved in some kind of a project,
- 14:18Speaker 2: ideally with other people, but even if it's solo. As
- 14:21Speaker 2: so long as they've got your support, that's going to
- 14:23Speaker 2: be good for them. It gives them purpose, it gives
- 14:25Speaker 2: them meaning, and lastly, help them to find a way
- 14:28Speaker 2: to make a difference in someone's life when they realize
- 14:30Speaker 2: that the best way to be happy is sometimes just
- 14:33Speaker 2: to stop worrying about yourself and your stuff and go
- 14:35Speaker 2: and make a difference for somebody else. Find a cause.
- 14:38Speaker 2: It might be the environment, it could be poverty, it
- 14:40Speaker 2: could be homelessness, it might be a quality, whatever it is,
- 14:42Speaker 2: and get involved. They're my four big ideas.
- 14:45Speaker 3: There's some really great ideas.
- 14:46Speaker 4: Can we do quick review on our take home messages
- 14:49Speaker 4: for today because there's been a few.
- 14:50Speaker 5: Yeah, from the doctor's desk.
- 14:51Speaker 2: Number one, when it comes to teens in sleep, they
- 14:54Speaker 2: need to get enough sleep, and it's up to you
- 14:56Speaker 2: as a parent to have a gentle conversation when they're
- 14:59Speaker 2: not tied about how you can make sure that everybody
- 15:01Speaker 2: is healthy, safe and happy because the risks of not.
- 15:04Speaker 5: Sleeping enough are significant.
- 15:06Speaker 3: Number two.
- 15:07Speaker 2: Secondly, we talked about boys in reading, and it's really
- 15:09Speaker 2: simple read read with your kids, whether they're boys or girls.
- 15:13Speaker 2: And if they say I don't like reading, say okay,
- 15:15Speaker 2: well let's fine, let's see if we can find a
- 15:16Speaker 2: book that you would be interested in and read to them.
- 15:19Speaker 2: Spend that time building the connection. They will fall in
- 15:21Speaker 2: love with reading if you spend the time.
- 15:23Speaker 5: The research is there that shows it.
- 15:25Speaker 2: And finally number three from the doctor's desk, well being
- 15:30Speaker 2: has taken a hit for a lot of people because
- 15:32Speaker 2: of the pandemic. Well being was already taking a hit
- 15:34Speaker 2: before it, and the data is now in as especially
- 15:36Speaker 2: impactful for some of our young people. So if they're struggling,
- 15:40Speaker 2: make sure that they get connected with other people, make
- 15:42Speaker 2: sure they're physically active, help them to find a passion
- 15:45Speaker 2: project or find some meaning or purpose, something to get
- 15:47Speaker 2: curious about or invest in their lives. And lastly, see
- 15:50Speaker 2: if there's something that they can give back to other
- 15:53Speaker 2: people and forget themselves.
- 15:55Speaker 1: Well.
- 15:55Speaker 4: If you've enjoyed the podcast, be sure to leave a
- 15:57Speaker 4: review at Apple Podcasts to hear from you.
- 16:00Speaker 2: Yeah, those ratings and reviews help other people to find
- 16:02Speaker 2: out about podcast and make their family happier. And you
- 16:04Speaker 2: can also email us directly podcasts That's Podcasts with aness
- 16:08Speaker 2: at happy families dot com dot you. The Happy Families
- 16:11Speaker 2: podcast is produced by Justin Rulon from Bridge Media and
- 16:14Speaker 2: our executive producer is Craig Bruce. We really appreciate the
- 16:18Speaker 2: hard work that they put in to make sure that
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