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16 - Life of Captain James Cook by Arthur Octavius Kitson · Life of Captain James Cook

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Speaker 1: Chapter No. Fourteen of the Life of Captain James Cook,
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Speaker 1: the Circumnavigator, by Arthur Kitsen. This LibriVox recording is in
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Speaker 1: the public domain. Chapter fourteen, seventeen seventy four to seventeen
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Speaker 1: seventy five. Second voyage concluded. On the fourth of September.
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Speaker 1: Midshipman Colnet sighted a large island which was named New Caledonia,
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Speaker 1: the point first seen being called Cape Colnet, an opening
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Speaker 1: in the surrounding reef. Having been found by the boats,
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Speaker 1: the resolution worked up to an anchorage and was quickly
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Speaker 1: surrounded by canoes, whose first occupants were totally unarmed. At
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Speaker 1: first they were shy of coming near, but at length
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Speaker 1: one canoe was persuaded to receive some small presence, and
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Speaker 1: in return gave some fish, which stunk intolerably, but for
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Speaker 1: all that it was received in hopes more satisfactory trading
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Speaker 1: might result. To some who came on board. Dinner was
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Speaker 1: offered that they would touch nothing but yams. They appeared
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Speaker 1: to know nothing of dogs, goats, or hogs, but greatly
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Speaker 1: appreciated both red cloth and nails. Cook landed and was
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Speaker 1: well received, and water was pointed out, but it was
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Speaker 1: too inconvenient of access. The land near a village was
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Speaker 1: well cultivated and irrigated, the products being chiefly yams, plantains,
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Speaker 1: and cocoanuts, the latter were not bearing much fruit. On
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Speaker 1: the sixth of September, mister Wales secured a moderately satisfactory
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Speaker 1: observation of an eclipse of the sun, and was able
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Speaker 1: to fix their position as twenty degrees seventeen minutes thirty
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Speaker 1: nine seconds south, one hundred and sixty four degrees forty
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Speaker 1: one minutes twenty one seconds east. On the same day,
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Speaker 1: the ship's butcher Monk, a man much esteemed in the ship,
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Speaker 1: fell down the fore hatch and died the following day
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Speaker 1: from the injury received. Whilst some of the crew were
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Speaker 1: engaged in watering, a small party went up the hills
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Speaker 1: to view the surrounding country, but as the natives they
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Speaker 1: met turned back to follow them, Cook remarks, at last,
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Speaker 1: our train was numerous. They were able to see right
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Speaker 1: across the island and estimated the whipth to be not
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Speaker 1: more than ten leagues. On returning, it was found the
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Speaker 1: clerk had purchased a fish something like a sunfish, and
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Speaker 1: as the artist was engaged in drawing and describing it.
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Speaker 1: The cook took the liver and row for supper in
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Speaker 1: the cabin, with the result that Cook and the foresters
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Speaker 1: were nearly poisoned and were only cured by the most
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Speaker 1: careful attention of the surgeon. When the natives saw the
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Speaker 1: fish the next morning, they immediately signified it was unfit
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Speaker 1: to eat, but Cook says nothing of the kind had
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Speaker 1: been intimated when it was purchased Norfolk Island. The natives
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Speaker 1: were described as robust and well made, and not in
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Speaker 1: the least addicted to pilfering, which is more than can
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Speaker 1: be said of many other nations in the sea. The
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Speaker 1: only tame animals they had were large flowers with very
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Speaker 1: bright plumage. The country was said to consist of rocky hills,
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Speaker 1: and the trees identical with those seen in New South Wales.
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Speaker 1: Leaving a sow and bore behind in hopes of their
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Speaker 1: being allowed to breed, and marking a tree with the
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Speaker 1: name of the ship and the date, they left for
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Speaker 1: the Isle of Pines, where they arrived on the nineteenth.
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Speaker 1: Here they were in very dangerous waters, and Cook says
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Speaker 1: the safety of the ship was owing to the splendid
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Speaker 1: way in which the watch was kept, and the brisk
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Speaker 1: manner in which she was handled by the crew forced
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Speaker 1: noted innumerable columnar forms of a considerable height, which we
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Speaker 1: distinguished by the help of our glasses. He put them
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Speaker 1: very proudly down as a basaltic formation, and afforded considerable
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Speaker 1: amusement to Cook when he was able to prove they
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Speaker 1: were only trees of the pine family. In fact, somewhere
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Speaker 1: afterwards cut down on Botany Island and used for spars.
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Speaker 1: They were unable to effect a landing on the Isle
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Speaker 1: of Pines, owing to the rocky nature of the shore,
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Speaker 1: but by some unknown means mister Hodges painted a view
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Speaker 1: of the interior of the island, published under that title
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Speaker 1: in Cook's Voyages. Norfolk Island was discovered on the tenth
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Speaker 1: of October and landing was effected, but no signs of
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Speaker 1: inhabitants were seen, though a welcome supply of fish, birds
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Speaker 1: and cabbage palm was obtained. The vegetation bore a resemblance
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Speaker 1: to that of New Zealand. On the seventeenth of October,
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Speaker 1: Mount Egmont was sighted and anchoring in Queen Charlotte Sound.
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Speaker 1: An immediate search was made for a bottle containing letters
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Speaker 1: which had been left for the adventure. It was not found,
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Speaker 1: nor was there anything to show by whom it had
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Speaker 1: been taken. But the next day they saw where the
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Speaker 1: observatory had been set up and trees cut down with axes,
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Speaker 1: and so came to the conclusion their consort had been there.
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Speaker 1: The natives, who were at first very shy, but when
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Speaker 1: they recognized Cook went jumping and skipping about like madmen,
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Speaker 1: informed them that the adventure came in soon after they
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Speaker 1: had left and remained two or three weeks. A story
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Speaker 1: also was told that a ship had been lost on
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Speaker 1: the north side of the Straits shortly before Cook arrived,
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Speaker 1: and some of the people, having had their clothes stolen
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Speaker 1: by the natives, fired on them, but when their ammunition
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Speaker 1: was exhausted, were all killed. This story, evidently a distorted
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Speaker 1: account of what happened to some of the adventure's crew,
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Speaker 1: was disbelieved by Cook, who thought there had been some misunderstanding. Cook,
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Speaker 1: from fresh observations, found that he had placed the South
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Speaker 1: Island on his chart some forty minutes too far to
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Speaker 1: the east, and had made the distance between Queen Charlotte's
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Speaker 1: Sound and Cape Palliser ten minutes nearer to each other
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Speaker 1: than they should have been. In this connection beaks in
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Speaker 1: the highest terms of the desire of mister Wales to
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Speaker 1: have everything as accurate as possible. On the eleventh of November,
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Speaker 1: the resolution left the Sound at daybreak to cross the
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Speaker 1: South Pacific between latitudes fifty four and fifty five degrees,
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Speaker 1: and the coarse convinced Cook there was no possibility of
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Speaker 1: there being any large piece of land in that portion
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Speaker 1: of the ocean. He therefore stood for the western entrance
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Speaker 1: of Megallian Straits, sighting Cape Descarda on the seventeenth of December.
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Speaker 1: Following the coast round to Christmas Sound, which they reached
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Speaker 1: on the twentieth, the country passed, being described as the
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Speaker 1: most desolate and barren I ever saw. At Christmas Sound,
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Speaker 1: they were more fortunate for wood, water, wild celery, and
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Speaker 1: a large number of geese provided them with a welcome banquet.
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Speaker 1: For Christmas Day. They were visited by some of the natives,
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Speaker 1: described as a little ugly, half starved, bedless race. I
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Speaker 1: saw not a tall person amongst them. The scent of
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Speaker 1: dirt and train oil they carried with them was enough
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Speaker 1: to spoil the appetite of any European. Consequently, none were
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Speaker 1: invited to join the festivities. They had European knives, cloth, handkerchiefs,
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Speaker 1: et cetera, showing they had been in communication with white
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Speaker 1: men and force to notes. They had canoes which could
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Speaker 1: not have been made in the neighborhood, for there was
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Speaker 1: no timber of sufficient size. Cape Horn corrected. Cape Horn
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Speaker 1: was passed on the twenty ninth of December, and Cook
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Speaker 1: made his longitude sixty eight degrees thirteen minutes west, a
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Speaker 1: little too far to the we westward. It should have
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Speaker 1: been sixty seven degrees sixteen minutes west. This is absolutely correct,
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Speaker 1: according to Wharton. On the first of January seventeen seventy five,
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Speaker 1: they landed on a small island of Staten Island and
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Speaker 1: then put into a fine sheltered harbor on the main island,
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Speaker 1: which consequently was named New Year Harbor. The weather proved
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Speaker 1: unfavorable for surveying, but enough was ascertained to convince them
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Speaker 1: that the Tira di Fiago and Staten Island coasts were
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Speaker 1: not so dangerous a navigation as they had been represented.
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Speaker 1: On the third of January they left to look for
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Speaker 1: Dlrymple's Gulf of Sebastian, which Cook thought was non existent,
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Speaker 1: and on the sixth they reached the position given on
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Speaker 1: the chart, but could find no signs of any land
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Speaker 1: bearing up to the norm. Georgia Island was seen on
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Speaker 1: the fourteenth and was found to be entirely covered with snow,
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Speaker 1: creating surprise as it was now the height of summer.
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Speaker 1: The ship ran in between Georgia and Willis Islands, and
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Speaker 1: possession was formerly taken of the group, though Cook did
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Speaker 1: not think that any one would ever be benefited by
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Speaker 1: the discovery. Working as far south as sixty degrees, he
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Speaker 1: turned to the east, being tired of these high northern latitudes,
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Speaker 1: when nothing was to be found by ice and thick fogs,
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Speaker 1: and a long, hollow swell coming from the westward convinced
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Speaker 1: him that he was correct in his assumption that the
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Speaker 1: Gulf of Sebastian and a large body of land did
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Speaker 1: not exist. On the thirtieth two large islands were seen,
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Speaker 1: and then three rocky islets to the north. The largest
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Speaker 1: was named Friesland Peak after the sailor who sighted it
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Speaker 1: as Friesland, and behind these was an elevated coast which
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Speaker 1: received the name of Southern Thule as being the most
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Speaker 1: southerly land then discovered. The position of the ship was
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Speaker 1: taken as fifty nine degrees thirteen minutes thirty second south
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Speaker 1: twenty seven degrees forty five minutes west. During the early
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Speaker 1: part of February, they ran down east between fifty eight
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Speaker 1: and fifty nine degrees south, frequently having to throw the
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Speaker 1: ship up into the wind to shake the snow out
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Speaker 1: of her sails, for the weather was very bad. After
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Speaker 1: another unsuccessful attempt to find cape circumcision, the ship's head
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Speaker 1: was turned towards the Cape of Good Hope on the
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Speaker 1: twenty third of February, and Cook had the satisfaction of
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Speaker 1: feeling he had solved the problem of the non existence
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Speaker 1: of any southern continent except in close proximity to the Pole.
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Speaker 1: He firmly believed, from his observations of the ice fields
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Speaker 1: that such a continent in the far south did exist,
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Speaker 1: but he asserted that further exploration in that direction would
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Speaker 1: be of little service to navigation, and would be hardly
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Speaker 1: worth the cost and danger that must be incurred. On
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Speaker 1: the sixteenth of March, two Dutch ships were seen staring
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Speaker 1: to the west, and a boat was sent off to
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Speaker 1: the nearest, which proved to be the bounkirk Polder from Bengal.
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Speaker 1: They were offered any supplies the Dutchman had, notwithstanding the
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Speaker 1: latter was rather short, owing to his being some time
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Speaker 1: out from port. Some English sailors on board told of
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Speaker 1: the adventure, having been at the Cape of Good Hope
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Speaker 1: some twelve months previously, and that she had report ordered
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Speaker 1: the massacre of a boat's crew in New Zealand. At
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Speaker 1: the same time, three or more sail came up. One
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Speaker 1: an English ship did not intend to call at the cape,
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Speaker 1: so Cook forwarded by her a letter to the Admiralty
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Speaker 1: and received some provisions and most valuable gift, a packet
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Speaker 1: of old newspapers. On the twenty second, the resolution anchored
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Speaker 1: in Table Bay, saluting the Dutch flag with thirteen guns,
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Speaker 1: and the next morning Cook waited on the governor, who
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Speaker 1: did everything he could to assist him and render his
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Speaker 1: stay agreeable. Three on the sick list. Cook was greatly
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Speaker 1: pleased to be able to report three men only on
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Speaker 1: the sick list, and the remainder were granted as much
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Speaker 1: leave as the roof fitting of the ship would permit.
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Speaker 1: The rigging, of course, had suffered severely and had to
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Speaker 1: be replaced at an exorbitant cost from the government's stores.
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Speaker 1: But Cook cause attention to the state of the masts,
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Speaker 1: which he considered after sailing some twenty thousand leagues, bore
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Speaker 1: testimony to the care and ability of his officers and men,
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Speaker 1: and also to the high qualities of his ship. Monsieur
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Speaker 1: de Croze put in on his way to Ponticheri and
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Speaker 1: was impressed with Cook's courtesy and qualifications as an explorer.
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Speaker 1: He was able to give the first information of Monsieur
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Speaker 1: de Cerval's voyage, and that he had cleared away a
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Speaker 1: mistake Cook had made in assuming that the New Caledonia
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Speaker 1: Reef extended to the Great Barrier Reef on the east
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Speaker 1: of Australia. Forster says that Cook pointedly avoided having any
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Speaker 1: intercourse with any of the Spaniards who were there, but
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Speaker 1: gives no reason for it. He also bought a quantity
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Speaker 1: of wa wild animals and birds, many of which died
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Speaker 1: before reaching England, and he roundly but unjustly accused the
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Speaker 1: crew of having killed them. Touching at Saint Helena, where
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Speaker 1: Kendall's watch was found to differ by about two miles
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Speaker 1: from the observations of Mason and Dixon at the Cape
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Speaker 1: and those of Maskeline at Saint Helena. He proceeded to Ascension,
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Speaker 1: where he obtained a good supply of fresh turtle, and
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Speaker 1: then to Fernando de Norinhoe, fixing the position as three
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Speaker 1: degrees fifty minutes south thirty two degrees thirty four minutes west,
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Speaker 1: and crossed the line on the eleventh of June, calling
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Speaker 1: in at the Azores. Land was sighted near Plymouth on
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Speaker 1: the twenty ninth, and the next day they anchored at
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Speaker 1: Spitthead and Cook Wales Hodges and the two foresters immediately
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Speaker 1: started for London, having been away from England three years
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Speaker 1: and eighteen days. During this time they had lost four men,
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Speaker 1: three from accident and one from disease, a record unprecedented
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Speaker 1: in the annals of British naval history. The war with
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Speaker 1: the American Colonies was naturally occupying the attention of the public,
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Speaker 1: but the newspapers found space to publish more or less
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Speaker 1: authentic information as to their arrival and proceedings on the voyage.
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Speaker 1: One paper gravely said Captain Cook will be anointed Admiral
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Speaker 1: of the Blue and command a fleet which is preparing
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Speaker 1: to go out in the spring as a reward for
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Speaker 1: the discoveries he is made in his last voyage in
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Speaker 1: the South Seas. On the ninth of August, Cook was
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Speaker 1: summoned to Saint James's Palace and had a long audience
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Speaker 1: with the King, presenting several charts and maps, and submitting
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Speaker 1: several drawings, some of which were ordered to be engraved
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Speaker 1: for the private museum. In return, the King presented him
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Speaker 1: with his commission as post captain and his appointment to
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Speaker 1: h chams Kent. The commissions, signed by Sandwich, Penton and Palliser,
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Speaker 1: bears the date of the ninth of August Erno had
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Speaker 1: made captain. He sailed for America in October and was
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Speaker 1: present at the attack on New Orleans in seventeen seventy seven.
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Speaker 1: He died at the age of forty six. Some four
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Speaker 1: years later, Camp Cooper and Clerk were promoted to commanders,
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Speaker 1: and Isaac Smith, Lieutenant Mister Wales, was appointed mathematical master
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Speaker 1: at Christ's Hospital, and Charles Lamb mentions him as having
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Speaker 1: been a severe man, but a perpetual fund of humor,
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Speaker 1: A constant glee about him, heightened by an inveterate provincialism,
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Speaker 1: of North Country dialect absolutely took away the sting from
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Speaker 1: his severities. Mister Forster was received by the King at
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Speaker 1: Kew and was afterwards presented to the Queen, to whom
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Speaker 1: he gave some of the birds bought at the Cape.
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Speaker 1: He also attracted attention from another quarter. For Lloyd's Evening
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Speaker 1: Post reports that on the sixth of August his house
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Speaker 1: at Paddington was broke open and robbed of effects of
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Speaker 1: considerable value. Again. The Morning Post twenty third of August
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Speaker 1: reports Monday night, as mister John Reynold Forster was returning
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Speaker 1: from Chelsea in a post chase, he was attacked by
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Speaker 1: three highwaymen near bloody Bridge, who robbed him of three
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Speaker 1: guineas and a watch set with diamondmans. Greenwich Hospital, acting
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Speaker 1: on advice from the Admiralty Cook, on the twelfth of August,
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Speaker 1: applied for the position of one of the captains of
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Speaker 1: Greenwich Hospital, vacant through the death of Captain Clements, stipulating
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Speaker 1: that if occasion arose in which his services would be
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Speaker 1: of use elsewhere, he might be permitted to resign. This
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Speaker 1: application was immediately granted and his appointment is dated on
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Speaker 1: the same day as his application The salary was two
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Speaker 1: hundred pounds per year, with a residence and certain small
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Speaker 1: allowances such as fire and light, and one shilling and
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Speaker 1: twopence per day table money. It is apparent from his
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Speaker 1: letters that though he may have taken over some of
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Speaker 1: the duties, but that is improbable, owing to his time
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Speaker 1: being fully occupied preparing his journal for the press and
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Speaker 1: then making arrangements for his final voyage. He never entered
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Speaker 1: upon residence, but remained at Mile End. He however, found
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Speaker 1: time to write two letters to mister Walker of Whitby,
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Speaker 1: in the first of which he speaks rather despondingly of
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Speaker 1: being confined within the limits of Greenwich Hospital, which are
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Speaker 1: far too small for an active mind like mine, And
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Speaker 1: in the second he gives a rapid sketch of the voyage, which,
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Speaker 1: by its clear conciseness, proves the worthlessness of mister Forster's sneer,
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Speaker 1: repeated by later writers that the public account of the
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Speaker 1: voyage owed more to the editing of Cannon Douglas than
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Speaker 1: to the writing of Cook. Soon after Cook's arrival in London,
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Speaker 1: Fernow handed him his journal of the proceedings of the
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Speaker 1: adventure from the time of their separation off the coast
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Speaker 1: of New Zealand. They were blown off the land near
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Speaker 1: Table Cape in the beginning of November seventeen seventy three,
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Speaker 1: again sighting it near Cape Palliser, only to be blown
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Speaker 1: off again, their sails and rigging suffering severely. They put
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Speaker 1: into Tilago Bay for temporary repairs and water, and left
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Speaker 1: again on the thirteenth, but had to put back till
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Speaker 1: the sixteenth, and even then the weather was so bad
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Speaker 1: they did not reach Queen Charlotte's Sound till the thirtieth,
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Speaker 1: when the bottle left by Cook was at once found,
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Speaker 1: Telling they were six days too late, they pushed on
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Speaker 1: as rapidly as possible with the refit, and then were
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Speaker 1: further delayed by finding a large quantity of bread required rebaking,
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Speaker 1: but they were ready to sail on the seventeenth of December.
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Speaker 1: Mister Rowe was sent out with a boat to get
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Speaker 1: a supply of vegetables, and the ship was to have
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Speaker 1: sailed the following day, but the boat did not return.
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Speaker 1: Bernie was then sent off with a party of marines
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Speaker 1: in search, and after a time discovered the missing men
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Speaker 1: had been all killed and some of them eaten by
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Speaker 1: the Maldis portions of the bodies were found and identified
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Speaker 1: Roe's hand by an old scar. Tom Hill's hand had
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Speaker 1: been tattooed in O Tahiti. Captain Erno's servants hand and
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Speaker 1: midshipman woodhouses shoes were found, and a portion of the boat.
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Speaker 1: The natives who had these remains were fired on, but
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Speaker 1: Bernie could take no further steps, for he estimated there
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Speaker 1: were fifteen hundred of the natives near the place. Ferno
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Speaker 1: believed that the attack was unpremeditated, as the Maldis had
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Speaker 1: been quite friendly and both he and Cook had been
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Speaker 1: at the place during their previous visit. He concluded that
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Speaker 1: some sudden quarrel had arisen and the boat's crew had
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Speaker 1: been incautious massacre. On his next voyage, Cook obtained an
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Speaker 1: account of the affairs from the natives when they said
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Speaker 1: that the crew was at dinner and some of the
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Speaker 1: Maurys attempted to steal some bread and fish whilst one
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Speaker 1: tried to get something from the boat, which had been
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Speaker 1: left in charge of the captain's black servant. The thieves
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Speaker 1: were given a thrashing and a quarrel arose, during which
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Speaker 1: two muskets were discharged and two natives were shot. The
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Speaker 1: Maurys then closed in and killed all the sailors immediately.
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Speaker 1: The Yorkshire Gazette of the fourth of June eighteen eighty
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Speaker 1: seven states that it was reported that a midshipman escaped
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Speaker 1: the massacre and after many wanderings, reached England in seventeen
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Speaker 1: seventy six seven. If this improbable story is true, he
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Speaker 1: must have been mister Woodhouse, whose shoes were found, for
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Speaker 1: he was the only midshipman in the boat. On the
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Speaker 1: twenty third of December, the adventure sailed, but owing to
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Speaker 1: contrary winds, did not get away from the coast for
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Speaker 1: some days. She stood southeast till fifty six degrees south
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Speaker 1: was reached, and then, the cold, being extreme and the
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Speaker 1: sea high, her course was set for the Horn, reaching
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Speaker 1: as high as sixty one degrees south with a favorable wind.
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Speaker 1: Stores were running short, so after an unsuccessful search for
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Speaker 1: Cape Circumcision, she sailed for Table Bay, and, having refitted again,
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Speaker 1: left on the sixteenth of April for England, and dropped
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Speaker 1: her anchor at Spitthead on the fourteenth of July seventeen
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Speaker 1: seventy four. Forster states that this second voyage of Cook
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Speaker 1: costs twenty five thousand pounds, but does not give the
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Speaker 1: source of his information. End of chapter fourteen,