Latest / CareTalk: Healthcare. Unfiltered. / Making Healthcare Access Truly Borderless w/ Dr. Sarah Matt, MD, MBA
Transcript
- 0:00David: Does digital health expand access or widen the gap?
- 0:03David: It depends.
- 0:03David: Not on the technology, but in how we use it.
- 0:13David: Hi everyone.
- 0:14David: I'm David Williams, president of Strategy consulting firm, health Business Group, and host of the Health Biz Podcast, where I interview top healthcare leaders about their lives and careers.
- 0:24David: Today I'm joined by Dr. Sarah Matt, surgeon, digital strategist and author of.
- 0:28David: The Borderless Healthcare Revolution, the Definitive Guide to Breaking Geographic Barriers through technology.
- 0:35David: She's worked at Oracle Health Next Gen and Startups.
- 0:38David: We're going to discuss how to make care borderless and what it takes to make technology serve people and not the other way around.
- 0:44David: Do you like this show?
- 0:45David: If so, please subscribe and leave a review.
- 0:48David: Dr. Matt, welcome to the Health of this podcast,
- 0:51Dr. Sarah Matt: David.
- 0:51Dr. Sarah Matt: Thanks for having me.
- 0:52Dr. Sarah Matt: Excited to be here.
- 0:54David: Sounds great.
- 0:54David: Well, you know, you were a surgeon first before moving into digital health, and I'm wondering, you know, why'd you make the leap and what's it like, you know, as a surgeon working in digital health as opposed to maybe a technologist that you, you may see around you?
- 1:08Dr. Sarah Matt: So I made the transition a long time ago, right after my training, which is unusual for most folks that are clinical.
- 1:15Dr. Sarah Matt: But what I'd say is that I actually felt rather confined at the bedside.
- 1:19Dr. Sarah Matt: You know, when you're taking care of patients every day, especially in a hospital setting, you can see maybe 20 patients a day, maybe 40 if you're really jumping through hoops hoop.
- 1:28Dr. Sarah Matt: But I really thought that I could make a bigger impact, and it wasn't at the bedside.
- 1:32Dr. Sarah Matt: How could I scale myself and be able to impact hundreds, thousands, millions?
- 1:37Dr. Sarah Matt: Billions of people every day.
- 1:39David: That sounds good.
- 1:40David: And do you have, would you say you have a different perspective than folks that came to it just from the technology side, perhaps without having had a clinical or certainly surgical background?
- 1:50Dr. Sarah Matt: I would say that, um, you know, I've worked with great, the major engineers and technologists over the years, and they're great at what they do.
- 1:58Dr. Sarah Matt: And I've also worked with folks that have been a hundred percent clinical and they're great at what they do too.
- 2:03Dr. Sarah Matt: But what I'd say is that being able to see both sides is a secret sauce that not many of us have.
- 2:08Dr. Sarah Matt: And so when you can actually translate properly between the realities of clinical practice, the realities of a healthcare system, not just as a patient, then you can understand what the true problems are, what solutions will work and won't work, and what the right questions are to ask.
- 2:24David: Now, I know that you stepped away from, uh, clinical practice for the most part, but I understand that you still practice perhaps.
- 2:31David: Part-time in certain settings, charitable rural settings, and I'm wondering if that's the case and how does that continued hands-on work influence how you're designing or evaluating technologies these days?
- 2:42Dr. Sarah Matt: Yeah, so throughout my career, while surgery is on or off, you can only really do it or not because it's a volume practice.
- 2:49Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, I've always done charity medicine, internal medicine, or urgent care.
- 2:53Dr. Sarah Matt: And so I still do charity internal medicine here in upstate New York, and I work at a free clinic.
- 2:59Dr. Sarah Matt: Several times a month seeing poor whites in the middle of the opioid crisis, migrant workers, Amish, you name it.
- 3:05Dr. Sarah Matt: And so it's a free clinic, which is interesting because I essentially get to do third world medicine and I get to work on paper, which is also an interesting experience as well.
- 3:14Dr. Sarah Matt: And what I'd say is that I think that especially on the tech side, we forget how different the rest of the world is, even if they're our neighbors.
- 3:23Dr. Sarah Matt: And so I think it keeps me humble and it keeps me grounded for sure.
- 3:27David: I have a lot of insights in your new book and perhaps you brought them from before.
- 3:31David: And I just wanna, maybe we'll pick on a couple of them, uh, throughout the course of this interview.
- 3:34David: But one of the things that you say is that access is a system, not a widget.
- 3:40David: And I'm wondering what do you mean by that and what are the implications?
- 3:44Dr. Sarah Matt: So I do a lot of startup advising and I can't tell you how every day I have a new founder telling me about their new amazing AI solution for healthcare, and their expertise is really a hundred percent clinical.
- 3:57Dr. Sarah Matt: They haven't really done the homework, unfortunately, into the system to ask those questions like I mentioned before.
- 4:03Dr. Sarah Matt: And what I'd say is that I don't care how amazing your one tool is, we have a system that we have to work within.
- 4:11Dr. Sarah Matt: And so when we think about.
- 4:13Dr. Sarah Matt: The realities of today.
- 4:16Dr. Sarah Matt: Whatever tools we're bringing to that have to solve an urgent, pervasive problem, first of all, and they can't solve it in some way that's not gonna work with the existing system.
- 4:24Dr. Sarah Matt: So until we take that system, which is unfortunately working as designed perfectly, and continue to change it and mold it over the course of time, anything that we bring into it, any tools we make, any other solutions we're bringing into the system, they have to work with what we have today.
- 4:42Dr. Sarah Matt: Otherwise, they're a little bit too far fetched in a lot of.
- 4:46Dr. Sarah Matt: You know, scenarios and they're not gonna get the adoption that you're hoping for.
- 4:50David: So another one you talk about is that the five pillar framework for healthcare access.
- 4:55David: And I wonder what that is and what makes it different.
- 4:57David: And the first thing before I let you answer that, that I noticed is that, you know, we need like really strong, robust frameworks in healthcare.
- 5:04David: And I thought, you know, like five pillars is probably about enough.
- 5:07David: You know, like two or three is not enough.
- 5:08David: Normally people might have four, but it's like, yeah, five, you know, for extra.
- 5:12David: But what, what is it and, and, and what does it do for us?
- 5:15Dr. Sarah Matt: I think this is the first time I've considered my five pillars, maybe a five pillar knuckle sandwich for access.
- 5:21Dr. Sarah Matt: But when you think about it, you know, especially having worked at Oracle and some of the largest tech companies in the world.
- 5:27Dr. Sarah Matt: It's funny because when I was working at the top levels, oftentimes we'd hear, oh, well, the technology's the easy part, because that was a core competency at that tech company.
- 5:37Dr. Sarah Matt: And I actually think that's the case too when it comes to healthcare and when we think about why it's hard to get patients the care they need, why it's hard to understand healthcare, why it's hard to get our children, our parents, et cetera, into the places and specialists they need.
- 5:53Dr. Sarah Matt: I break it down into not just oh, tech with a tool.
- 5:56Dr. Sarah Matt: I break it into the five pillars like you mentioned.
- 5:59Dr. Sarah Matt: And so to me that's geography, financial, cultural, digital, of course, just like we were talking about.
- 6:05Dr. Sarah Matt: And then trusted knowledge.
- 6:07Dr. Sarah Matt: And if we're having a problem in the healthcare system, often one of those barriers, at least one of those barriers is the reason why we're having a hard time with adoption, a hard time with, um, one of the areas here.
- 6:18Dr. Sarah Matt: Whether it's bringing patients to care, whether it's bringing providers to care, um, whatever that.
- 6:24Dr. Sarah Matt: Issue may be
- 6:25David: so as I mentioned upfront in the, in the start of the episode, you know, digital health, it can close the access gap, but it's not automatic.
- 6:33David: And, and I could widen it, um, as well.
- 6:36David: I think it's easy to point to, Hey, this is great.
- 6:38David: You know, you can bridge the divide, et cetera.
- 6:40David: But can you provide maybe an, an example of where digital health is doing what we might hope it would do in terms of closing that gap, but also where it actually may inadvertently, inadvertently widen it.
- 6:50Dr. Sarah Matt: So you'll notice that of the five pillars, one of the barriers I bring up is digital.
- 6:56Dr. Sarah Matt: So it's absolutely a solution, but also a true barrier.
- 6:59Dr. Sarah Matt: So when COVID hit, you know, we've all made that big change to telemedicine, virtual visits, you name it.
- 7:07Dr. Sarah Matt: And so if we think about the.
- 7:09Dr. Sarah Matt: I'd say the privileges for those of us who have health insurance to see a provider like this, just basically on Zoom.
- 7:16Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, that's great.
- 7:17Dr. Sarah Matt: I don't have to leave my office.
- 7:19Dr. Sarah Matt: My kids can see a doctor in between, whatever.
- 7:22Dr. Sarah Matt: But imagine that your cell phone didn't have a lot of data.
- 7:26Dr. Sarah Matt: Imagine that your internet was not so great.
- 7:30Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, so when you think about the amazing tools that are being brought to bear.
- 7:34Dr. Sarah Matt: Do they work in low tech areas?
- 7:36Dr. Sarah Matt: Are they in the languages of people that need to use them?
- 7:40Dr. Sarah Matt: Are they at the reading levels of folks who are gonna use them?
- 7:43Dr. Sarah Matt: And so while we might have the most amazing solutions, who are they leaving behind?
- 7:48Dr. Sarah Matt: Maybe they're not leaving you and I behind, but maybe they're leaving specific populations behind because the technology they have today doesn't.
- 7:59Dr. Sarah Matt: Meet the basic requirements of what's necessary to use that amazing tech.
- 8:04David: So another thing that you talk about is the digital divide becoming the new waiting room.
- 8:10David: I think I have an idea of what you mean, but, uh, where that, where do you come up with these things, first of all, and, uh, what does this one mean specifically?
- 8:17Dr. Sarah Matt: Well, I have no idea where I come up with them, at least it's not another Taco Pun, because those are usually my, my go-to.
- 8:24Dr. Sarah Matt: But what I'd say is that right now.
- 8:28Dr. Sarah Matt: A lot of the solutions are being put in place for patient engagement for, you know, how are we gonna reach this next population?
- 8:36Dr. Sarah Matt: They tend to be digital by default.
- 8:39Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, what I'd suggest is that in a lot of places all over the world, there's some very non-sexy ways to engage patients and.
- 8:47Dr. Sarah Matt: Unfortunately, if you're stuck in what I call that digital waiting room, um, you may have those barriers like we mentioned before, um, or you may have others.
- 8:58Dr. Sarah Matt: And so you're stuck there because the system unfortunately has probably decided it provided a solution.
- 9:05Dr. Sarah Matt: Why aren't you using it?
- 9:07Dr. Sarah Matt: And they've washed their hands clean of it.
- 9:09Dr. Sarah Matt: And unfortunately that's where I think we end up in that waiting space for lots of different patients.
- 9:14David: You mentioned that when you were at Oracle you talked about how technology was the easy part.
- 9:19David: I don't think it's that easy, but maybe they've got it covered.
- 9:22David: Um, but I'm curious what you learned there, going beyond that, about creating a sustainable digital models, not just something that's kind of a whizzbang to show at a conference.
- 9:33Dr. Sarah Matt: So I worked with lots of great engineers over my career, but I think that when I was especially.
- 9:41Dr. Sarah Matt: OCI and after we acquired Cerner, working with some of the most topnotch engineering staff, um, in the world was a great opportunity for me.
- 9:51Dr. Sarah Matt: And the reason I say tongue in cheek, that the technology is, the easy part, is that if you and I could dream it, someone can build it.
- 9:58Dr. Sarah Matt: And the way that we're moving forward from a technical perspective, whether it's ai, remote, patient monitoring, you name it.
- 10:04Dr. Sarah Matt: That part is on a fast track to daily improvement.
- 10:09Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, I used to be able to make plans for 10 years from now.
- 10:11Dr. Sarah Matt: Now six months seems like a long time, as an example, but no matter how fast we're improving these technical pieces.
- 10:19Dr. Sarah Matt: Like I mentioned earlier, the reason the tech is the easy part is 'cause once you actually have to adopt this and implement it into a hospital system, bring it into someone's actual home, use it every day and make sure this wearable is gonna work for someone.
- 10:33Dr. Sarah Matt: Or figure out how on earth you're gonna get a therapeutic be used by anyone four times a day.
- 10:38Dr. Sarah Matt: That's where it becomes really messy, and I'd suggest that the messiness of.
- 10:44Dr. Sarah Matt: Unfortunately, our clinical reality is why things are so difficult, and trust is a big part of that right now.
- 10:51Dr. Sarah Matt: Sometimes the technology is accelerating so fast that hospital administrators, providers, patients, consumers, they may not understand it enough to automatically say, oh yeah, let's do that.
- 11:03Dr. Sarah Matt: And so we ultimately have to build that trust now as a foundation before we can even get into their hands.
- 11:11David: So, as you say, trust is a big deal, and I see it in healthcare, but also just more generally, uh, in society, there's a real, uh, awareness of that and it's a real, you know, it's a real concern.
- 11:22David: So are there specific things that either the, on the technology side, the developers can do or the healthcare providers can do to make the digital care feel personal and reliable and, and therefore trustworthy?
- 11:36Dr. Sarah Matt: So I think that everyone is a patient at some point in their life, and when we consider how we could get our care, everyone has their preferences.
- 11:45Dr. Sarah Matt: So there's gonna be a spectrum no matter what.
- 11:47Dr. Sarah Matt: But I think universally, when people go and see a provider, they're expecting a attention listening.
- 11:55Dr. Sarah Matt: Response information and understanding.
- 11:58Dr. Sarah Matt: And so if you are able to have that authentic experience, whether it's a gazillion miles away via virtual visit, whether it's right here in front of me, um, it depends on how you can meet those needs of that interaction.
- 12:14Dr. Sarah Matt: So what I'd say is that the tools can sometimes get in the way.
- 12:19David: So if we put trust aside, that's a hard one.
- 12:21David: Another hard one is cost.
- 12:23David: And I think healthcare costs are going up, you know, like crazy.
- 12:27David: Uh, we're in a period right now where, you know, nevermind whether there's a CA subsidies or not for next year, costs are just going way up for privately insured for everybody, and digital health has become a bigger factor.
- 12:40David: So is digital health helping to drive those costs up?
- 12:43David: Is it constraining them or is it, like we said, with access before, it could go either direction.
- 12:48Dr. Sarah Matt: I, I'm a firm believer that I can go in either direction.
- 12:51Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, some of the digital tools that we're putting in place can allow for more automation for our providers, administrators, et cetera, to work at the top of their license and therefore have some of those mundane tasks that they're taking a lot of time doing.
- 13:06Dr. Sarah Matt: Being done in a fashion, whether it's AI automation or by lower level providers.
- 13:11Dr. Sarah Matt: And I think that's helpful for the system.
- 13:14Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, one of the things that's a big problem, not just on the technology side, is that we have a shortage of nurses.
- 13:20Dr. Sarah Matt: We have a shortage of doctors.
- 13:21Dr. Sarah Matt: We can't seem to make them fast enough, and it's a very difficult profession.
- 13:27Dr. Sarah Matt: And so as we move forward.
- 13:29Dr. Sarah Matt: I think that the digital tools we're bringing to bear will help extend the existing staff.
- 13:34Dr. Sarah Matt: It will help extend the knowledge base of those coming through the ranks.
- 13:38Dr. Sarah Matt: But we're gonna have to find new ways to retain the people that we have in the healthcare system so that they don't decide to go into a different industry, decide to retire early, decide from the get go that healthcare is not even worth entering.
- 13:54Dr. Sarah Matt: And so how can we make this profession?
- 13:56Dr. Sarah Matt: Not just better for patients, but better for the workforce, the providers, the people working in a hospital, nurses, all of them.
- 14:05David: So what do you see in terms of people working alongside some technologies like AI and also robotics, uh, in care delivery?
- 14:13David: Is that something we should be enthusiastic about or is it, is it scary?
- 14:18Dr. Sarah Matt: For me, it's exciting, but at the same time, I've been building my whole career.
- 14:23Dr. Sarah Matt: So I've been seeing this come to bear over several years.
- 14:27Dr. Sarah Matt: So I don't think, for me it's scary.
- 14:30Dr. Sarah Matt: It's a calculated risk and ultimately, if you understand what we're.
- 14:35Dr. Sarah Matt: Taking data from what we're doing with it, how it's going to improve things.
- 14:39Dr. Sarah Matt: It has built trust with me in certain circumstances.
- 14:43Dr. Sarah Matt: What I'd say for patients and for providers for that matter, is that ultimately a lot of the AI is not what I'd call explainable.
- 14:50Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, there's a lot of black boxes and if you're a provider putting your license on the line to take care of patients, ultimately you're gonna wanna know where those tools are coming from, how they're being utilized, and.
- 15:03Dr. Sarah Matt: Where your liability starts and ends, and as a patient, you're gonna want information and we need to show patients that there's value in their data, but by giving us their data, they gain value from it.
- 15:14Dr. Sarah Matt: As an example, I give Google Maps my information all the time.
- 15:18Dr. Sarah Matt: I'm sure you do too.
- 15:19Dr. Sarah Matt: And I find value in giving them that data.
- 15:22Dr. Sarah Matt: On the healthcare side, I don't think we've been providing true value to patients by utilizing their data just yet.
- 15:29David: You know, you mentioned a, a black box, um, from some of the earlier times when AI is starting to be used, there's an awareness that some of the training data is coming from.
- 15:38David: You know, from bias data sets.
- 15:40David: And then, so on the one hand you may naively, naively go and say, Hey, we're gonna get rid of bias because, you know, the, the AI could be objective in a way that maybe humans can't.
- 15:49David: But they say, well, wait a minute, how did the ais learn?
- 15:52David: And you could actually potentially echo in the AI world, what's in the real world, or even entrench.
- 15:59David: Even further, where are we?
- 16:01David: How big of a problem is that, uh, algorithmic bias?
- 16:04David: And are we doing anything to correct it or make it worse
- 16:09Dr. Sarah Matt: right now?
- 16:09Dr. Sarah Matt: One of the things I think is interesting is that by creating these algorithms, we're finding our existing biases within the system.
- 16:18Dr. Sarah Matt: That data that's been collected has probably been collected in a fashion that maybe wasn't the best in the first place, but it was taken as you know.
- 16:27Dr. Sarah Matt: This is our, our central database.
- 16:29Dr. Sarah Matt: This is great.
- 16:30Dr. Sarah Matt: We've done this.
- 16:31Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, but people are biased.
- 16:33Dr. Sarah Matt: Systems are biased.
- 16:34Dr. Sarah Matt: Processes are biased.
- 16:36Dr. Sarah Matt: I think right now, because of the ability of these new technologies to use so much information and do it so quickly and change and evolve so quickly, folks are getting a little bit more, I'd say, anxious about the fact that.
- 16:49Dr. Sarah Matt: They can't put their finger on how it's done.
- 16:52Dr. Sarah Matt: They can't put their finger on all the training data.
- 16:55Dr. Sarah Matt: What I'd suggest is that most of the data we've probably collected over the course of, you know, we'll say US history in terms of healthcare, has probably been taken in fashions that weren't ideal.
- 17:06Dr. Sarah Matt: And so if we can identify why things might be swayed one way or the other.
- 17:11Dr. Sarah Matt: I think that's a great first start because it shows a switch.
- 17:13Dr. Sarah Matt: Population should be included now that we know that they aren't, or that perhaps scoring or other diagnostics are not working well for specific populations.
- 17:25Dr. Sarah Matt: So what are we using these for?
- 17:27Dr. Sarah Matt: Who are they working for best?
- 17:29Dr. Sarah Matt: What populations perhaps we need more data on, and let's work to fill that gap.
- 17:34David: You mentioned a little earlier on that everyone's a patient at some point, and I, I saw from your bio, I think you once, uh, broke your leg.
- 17:41David: Something about a roller derby or something like that and where a patient is at.
- 17:45David: Do I have my, a little birdie told me that.
- 17:46David: Is that, is that accurate?
- 17:48David: Uh, what happened and how does that affect, you know, how you look at the system?
- 17:51Dr. Sarah Matt: It is accurate.
- 17:52Dr. Sarah Matt: So I do play roller derby and earlier this year I had a spiral T fib and I broke it playing roller derby.
- 17:58Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, and.
- 18:01Dr. Sarah Matt: It's interesting being a patient and doctors are pretty much the worst patients ever.
- 18:05Dr. Sarah Matt: So I had this, you know, terrible multi bone fracture and it was a Sunday night when I had practice and had this break and I literally had my husband pick me up and I said, I am not going to the emergency room.
- 18:18Dr. Sarah Matt: Give me a couple Tylenol and we will deal with this tomorrow.
- 18:21Dr. Sarah Matt: He said, why aren't we gonna go now?
- 18:23Dr. Sarah Matt: I literally told him, I know the system and I know that the emergency room is not gonna get us what we need and we'll be there all night.
- 18:30Dr. Sarah Matt: And so the next morning I literally called up my mother and had her bring me to the ortho urgent, you know, walk-in clinic, um, that's nearby and got everything taken care of.
- 18:41Dr. Sarah Matt: And the PA said, are you serious?
- 18:43Dr. Sarah Matt: This happened last night.
- 18:44Dr. Sarah Matt: We have 300 pound grown men have this injury and pass out.
- 18:48Dr. Sarah Matt: What are you doing?
- 18:49Dr. Sarah Matt: And I said, well, I knew that if I got here.
- 18:51Dr. Sarah Matt: It would be treated appropriately and I'd get what I needed.
- 18:54Dr. Sarah Matt: I probably wouldn't have gotten that if I went to the emergency room.
- 18:58Dr. Sarah Matt: And unfortunately, even I have a hard time dealing with the healthcare system and I'm in it.
- 19:04Dr. Sarah Matt: I'm creating it.
- 19:05Dr. Sarah Matt: I'm contributing to it.
- 19:06Dr. Sarah Matt: And the fact that even with all that knowledge, accessing the things that I need is so difficult, really shows that anyone who's not in that healthcare system, who is not in it.
- 19:19Dr. Sarah Matt: Navigating all the time, it's gotta be absolutely impossible instead of almost impossible, which for patients in the US is not a great place to be.
- 19:29David: So, Sarah, you've got a new book coming out now.
- 19:32David: It's the Borderless Healthcare Revolution.
- 19:34David: And I'm wondering, um, kind of what went into it and then what reaction you already getting or what you're expecting, uh, as it as it makes its way out into the public.
- 19:45Dr. Sarah Matt: As I created this book, I really wanted to bring people together.
- 19:48Dr. Sarah Matt: We mentioned already that everyone has a terrible access story, so no matter where you come from, no matter how you grew up, or what your situation is today.
- 19:58Dr. Sarah Matt: I could ask you about your parents, your kids, your friends, yourself, and we all have an access story that has not been ideal, and I think that's one of the things we can all come together on today in such a polarizing time.
- 20:09Dr. Sarah Matt: So my book, I wanted to be a well researched but not a textbook, and I wanted to have real stories so that it was.
- 20:18Dr. Sarah Matt: Accessible, if you will, for readers.
- 20:20Dr. Sarah Matt: And so I did tons of interviews from executive patients, providers, you name it all across the system.
- 20:26Dr. Sarah Matt: And then I did a ton of great research, and so I put this all together and really crafted this book as a way to aim at.
- 20:37Dr. Sarah Matt: Leaders in healthcare delivery on how everyone from the C-suite down to the lead nurse on the floor can improve access today, whether it's via KPIs, changes in patient care, you name it.
- 20:47Dr. Sarah Matt: But then also my entire career has been in building and creating, and so how can we build in access from the get go?
- 20:55Dr. Sarah Matt: And so I'm really talking to those creators, builders, founders, you name it, who.
- 20:59Dr. Sarah Matt: Are now in the space and making these solutions.
- 21:02Dr. Sarah Matt: Um, to me, access is foundational and it's gonna be really great for your business and almost imperative.
- 21:09Dr. Sarah Matt: So I brought those two worlds together and so far I've had a lot of great reaction to it.
- 21:15Dr. Sarah Matt: It's been interesting to touch both delivery systems, academic organizations, technology companies, because everyone recognizes that healthcare access is a huge issue.
- 21:26Dr. Sarah Matt: They don't all know how to hit it hard, and because things are changing so fast in the economy politically and from a tech perspective, they're looking for ways.
- 21:37Dr. Sarah Matt: To look at a different fashion.
- 21:38Dr. Sarah Matt: I think this is that way.
- 21:39David: Well, that's it for yet another episode of the Health Business Podcast.
- 21:43David: I'm your host, David Williams, president of Health Business Group, here with Dr. Sarah Matt, author of the Borderless Healthcare Revolution.
- 21:50David: If you like what you heard, please subscribe on your favorite service.
- 21:53David: And Sarah, thanks so much for joining me.
- 21:55David: Thanks, Dave.
- 21:56David: Did.