Latest / The One Oʻahu Podcast with Mayor Rick Blangiardi / Alphonso Braggs and Rev. Dr. Gregory C. Carrow-Boyd on Black History Month in the City and County of Honolulu
Transcript
- 0:07You. Walk up to the One Oahu podcast.
- 0:17I'm your host, Brandi Higa, and this is a special episode celebrating
- 0:20Black History Month. Here in the month of February.
- 0:23Joining us are Alphonso Braggs, assistant secretary of the National Board
- 0:27of directors for the NAACP, and Reverend Doctor Gregory C Carrow
- 0:32Boyd, director of worship and religious education
- 0:34at the First Unitarian Church of Honolulu.
- 0:36Gentlemen, thank you both for making some time.
- 0:38Thank you for having us today.
- 0:39It's a pleasure.
- 0:41So, Doctor Boyd, if we can start with you, can you tell us a little bit
- 0:43about yourself? Where did you grow up? Where did you go to school?
- 0:46How did you get to where you are now?
- 0:48Absolutely.
- 0:49Well, I grew up in central Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,
- 0:52where I was an active member of the Unitarian Church of Harrisburg
- 0:55and then left to go to Boston University to study bilingual education.
- 1:00Eventually returning to Pennsylvania to study for my master's
- 1:03in teaching and curriculum before moving to California
- 1:06to serve a congregation out there, and also pursuing my doctoral degree
- 1:09in organizational change and leadership at the University of Southern California.
- 1:13Right after I finished that up, I moved here on Island,
- 1:15and I've been with the First Unitarian Church of Honolulu for about two years,
- 1:19which is about as long as I've lived on Island as well.
- 1:21We're happy to have you.
- 1:22Secretary Briggs, what about you?
- 1:24What was your path to get here?
- 1:26My path to get here is I grew up in Wilmington, North
- 1:28Carolina, and immediately after graduating and serving three years on city council,
- 1:34I joined the US Navy.
- 1:37And I ended up here in 1992 thanks to the Navy.
- 1:42And then I retired from the Navy in 2004, and I've stayed ever since.
- 1:49But where did your
- 1:50interest in politics, activism, where did that come from?
- 1:55It came from, the community that I grew up in.
- 1:58I was active as a child.
- 2:01They involved us.
- 2:02They trained us, developed us.
- 2:05And then I got elected to city council as a youth member.
- 2:10And so after I finished my military time, I went right back into civil rights.
- 2:16But was it hard?
- 2:17Usually when I think about kids, they want to just be kids.
- 2:20But you feel it almost feel like you had a bigger purpose.
- 2:23You kind of had a bigger vision from an earlier age.
- 2:25And maybe most.
- 2:27I think it was a normal thing.
- 2:28If you stop and think about it.
- 2:30Martin Luther King was, involved as a young man.
- 2:33John Lewis got in some very good trouble,
- 2:37got injured there on that bridge.
- 2:39So I think that when we look at history,
- 2:43we find that within the African-American community
- 2:46that we have a lot of examples of young adults,
- 2:51who are very, very active in the civil rights movement.
- 2:54Doctor Boyd, what about you?
- 2:55Where did your interest start?
- 2:57So it probably started in the church.
- 2:59One of the tenets of my religion is a commitment to justice,
- 3:03to making sure that all people are treated fairly
- 3:06with, inherent worth and dignity,
- 3:09making sure that we're building the beloved community,
- 3:12that Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King sometimes talked about.
- 3:16That idea comes
- 3:18to us from a variety of sources, but especially one in the Christian legacy
- 3:22and Unitarian Universalism, evolves out of that in time.
- 3:26So I was raised with an understanding that to live
- 3:29my faith fully, I also had to commit to the works of justice.
- 3:33I had to work for the full inclusion of all peoples.
- 3:36And by working for my own liberation as a black person,
- 3:40I was also centering the needs of all Americans, of entering the needs
- 3:44of all people in the world who might be marginalized, pushed to the sides,
- 3:48either in history or right now.
- 3:49So it's really a practice of my faith, and it's something that is true to us
- 3:53as Unitarian Universalist
- 3:54today, that we always like to be on the side of love, as we say.
- 3:58But the words that you're using work commitment,
- 4:02and then you say things like marginalized, I mean, this journey for you
- 4:06personally, what do you think has been the hardest part?
- 4:08And then can you tell me how you got out of that? Yes.
- 4:11I think the very hardest part was actually
- 4:16learning to understand my own.
- 4:23My own situation
- 4:25as an historically and currently marginalized person to
- 4:29to counter the narratives that I was less than,
- 4:33or I could be made to feel less than
- 4:36and to actually work with other people who shared similar stories
- 4:40as mine, from our families, from the legacy of our ancestors,
- 4:44to learn that there was so much resilience there.
- 4:48There was so much of the work we have done
- 4:51to get out of times when there was no way forward.
- 4:55We we figured out ways together through joy, through food,
- 5:00through community building, through tending to the most basic of one
- 5:04another's needs in order to do that work.
- 5:06So the the hardest times for me were, especially as a young person,
- 5:10where everything felt stacked against me.
- 5:14I just didn't understand how we had made a way out of no way.
- 5:19And now I understand myself.
- 5:21Thanks to the work of ancestors, thanks to the work of aunties and uncles,
- 5:25thanks to the stories that I've been able to share, the meals
- 5:29I've been able to share with people all around the world,
- 5:32whether they be black, indigenous, people of color, or people
- 5:35who are marginalized because of their sex or gender, that type of thing.
- 5:40It has been so helpful to see that no matter what, no matter how bad it has
- 5:47been, there's always a way forward, and that's what helped me get out of it.
- 5:50It took a very long time.
- 5:52I'm not going to say it happened overnight.
- 5:53I had an epiphany and all of a sudden, yay!
- 5:56We're committed to justice. And everything was fine and good.
- 5:58It took many years, many meals, lots of encouragement from mentors,
- 6:04and sometimes consulting the ancestors, whether through story
- 6:07or spiritual practice, to figure out
- 6:10what is it that we want to do and how I can be part of that legacy.
- 6:13Secretary Briggs, what about you on this journey for you?
- 6:16What has been the hardest part and how did you get through that?
- 6:19I think it's as a child, we understood that
- 6:24this journey is one that requires a labor of love.
- 6:29And I think probably what I'm most proud of
- 6:33is that I have been taught all along that
- 6:37if we yield ourselves to something greater than ourselves,
- 6:41which is the freedom and the liberty of all of humanity, then,
- 6:47this labor will not be so intense,
- 6:52and that if we can just get to a place
- 6:55where we find our divine purpose
- 6:58and we're able to see the dreams unfold in those that we have nurtured
- 7:04and developed along the way, it inspires us.
- 7:08And that becomes my energy, my refreshment.
- 7:13To continue to forge on.
- 7:15You know, we thought it was appropriate
- 7:17to get you both here because we are fresh off a ceremony here,
- 7:20at Michigan Memorial Auditorium on the grounds of the Fossey
- 7:23on the Fossey grounds, where Mayor Blangiardi presented
- 7:25a proclamation proclaiming February as Black History Month.
- 7:28Here in the City and County of Honolulu.
- 7:30You both are speakers at that event.
- 7:32For those who maybe weren't able to attend or didn't see it online,
- 7:35if you could just share, your messages, Secretary Boggs will start with you.
- 7:39Okay.
- 7:40Pretty much.
- 7:41I reminded us that while this nation
- 7:44is in the midst of some unprecedented times,
- 7:48and although a lot of people are feeling as though
- 7:52it's just not worth the fight,
- 7:55I would take us back to something
- 7:57that, Senator Hirono reminds us of,
- 8:01which is that, in this war,
- 8:04we may win a lot of battles.
- 8:07The battles that we've won, we got to keep won.
- 8:10We've got to make sure that we stay in the win column.
- 8:14And so my message was about hope.
- 8:17It was about peace. It was about power.
- 8:19And that when we invoked the spirit and the commitment of our ancestors,
- 8:25and when we lift up their legacy, then we are going to be able to make it.
- 8:29We will get through this storm, you know, it will pass over.
- 8:34And, we got to stay focused.
- 8:36What is the prize?
- 8:37What do you know?
- 8:38Our eyes need to stay on that great asset which you, our future
- 8:41generation of kids, got to make sure that things are good for them.
- 8:45And so we will stay in the fight because of that.
- 8:48But do you find that frustrating?
- 8:49Because I know people say that, you know, history tends to repeat itself.
- 8:52But, you know, for those who have fought so hard to push for things like diversity,
- 8:56equity, inclusion, words that are not supposed to be bad words
- 9:00and then all of a sudden are now, you know, in the conversation again.
- 9:03I think that
- 9:06we have to slow down.
- 9:09We have to listen.
- 9:11And I think that we have to meet people where they are.
- 9:15I welcome an opportunity to truly explain to someone
- 9:20what is the negative for diversity, equity and inclusion.
- 9:24That's the new terminology we have always since the beginning of time,
- 9:30we have been taught and fostered that all people are to be created,
- 9:36they are created equal and to be treated equally.
- 9:39And so when we talk about the right to truly be seen,
- 9:44the right to have our voices heard, the right
- 9:48to experience a sense of belonging, you can put any title
- 9:52that you want to put on those, but here in America, those are inherent.
- 9:57They come from our Constitution.
- 10:00The framers had no less of intent of any person.
- 10:04And the Supreme Court has rendered
- 10:07their final decision that, you know, that is our right.
- 10:10And it's not a stroke of a pen that can remove that is not a piece of legislation.
- 10:15It is our right.
- 10:16And so when we know that we're able to sit down as adults
- 10:21and have mature conversations about the relevance of it.
- 10:25Well said, doctor boy, what about you?
- 10:28If you could share some of your message from the marriage ceremony?
- 10:30Yes, absolutely.
- 10:31I centered us in the olelo nyo of Nana UK Como
- 10:36look at the source and reminded us that at the point
- 10:40where American history intersects with the history of these islands,
- 10:44at that point, black people are always here and moving forward.
- 10:49From that point, black people will be here.
- 10:52Black people are leading forward in our understandings of a society
- 10:57that can be fully inclusive on the basis of gender identity
- 11:02and gender expression, sexual and romantic orientation,
- 11:06democratic decision making, and be treated with inherent worth
- 11:10and dignity in their quest for affordable housing.
- 11:15Those were some of the points that I made.
- 11:16And also reminding us that just as in the past as is,
- 11:21and now as we go into the future, black people will continue
- 11:25to be part of the
- 11:26history of these islands, will continue to be part of the history of this nation.
- 11:30And we can look at the source, at the source of our history
- 11:34as a source of Hawaiian history.
- 11:36Black people are here. Black people will be here.
- 11:39Yeah. I love that you brought up that a lot of not. Yeah.
- 11:41So what makes black history, especially here in Hawaii so unique?
- 11:46One of the things that I mentioned
- 11:49rather obliquely in my message is
- 11:53it is true that depending on whose measurements
- 11:56you look at or which data you refer to about anywhere
- 12:01between 3 and 10% of all Native Hawaiians are actually of African descent.
- 12:06And that has to do with the immigration patterns, primarily,
- 12:09that people who were brought from Cap there, which was, an island
- 12:14nation, continues to be an island nation that was formerly controlled by Portugal.
- 12:18When sailors came from that place to these islands,
- 12:22they were recorded as Portuguese rather than of African descent.
- 12:25So there is a period in the history of these islands
- 12:29where there is a massive influx of people of African descent,
- 12:33but we marked them down as Portuguese
- 12:35and because of the beautiful cultural hybridity of this place,
- 12:41before the people who were American missionaries, before the folks
- 12:47who came here started to say, okay, at this point is what a native Hawaiian is.
- 12:52Those folks, many of them, had already been part of the families
- 12:56that make up these places. Right?
- 12:57So we forgot part of that.
- 12:59Another thing, another strand that is important
- 13:03in Black American history as it relates to these islands,
- 13:06is early on, early on, when black sailors first started coming here,
- 13:11the elite saw that enslavement was happening.
- 13:15Other people in the world, and they said, no, no, no, no, no, none of that.
- 13:19And put in the Constitution of the Kingdom
- 13:21that anyone who was in a condition of bondage when they arrived
- 13:25here was automatically free when they arrived here.
- 13:28So. It's kind of a chicken skin story.
- 13:30Yeah, yeah.
- 13:31It's beautiful.
- 13:32It's a beautiful.
- 13:33And, you know, black people, we talk, right?
- 13:36We talk across oceans a lot across time.
- 13:38And we learned that to be true.
- 13:40And so many other people started to find ways
- 13:44to get to these islands in order to get our free rights.
- 13:47So at the beginning of Hawaiian history, as it intersects with American history,
- 13:52is this understanding that there there's a place where we can be free,
- 13:58there's a place where we can know our our full ability to live out in society.
- 14:03There's a place where we can call ourselves Hawaiian
- 14:06if we want to, and we will be fully welcomed and fully embraced
- 14:09so that those are some of the items that make black history unique in this place.
- 14:13It's not a history that I was aware of before I moved here,
- 14:17and now it is very true to this time and place.
- 14:22It is very true to the people who are here.
- 14:25Almost all black people who are here in Hawaii now
- 14:28have come from some other place.
- 14:30There is also a large group of us who are here for a very long time.
- 14:35Well, yeah.
- 14:35I mean, I asked you in the beginning
- 14:37of this conversation where you both were from, Mr.
- 14:39Bragg, same thing for you.
- 14:40You know, you're you're not from here, and you could be doing your good work
- 14:44anywhere you wanted to. Really?
- 14:45But why did you choose Hawaii?
- 14:47Why do you choose to live here? All of this on a paycheck?
- 14:51That may sound a little cliche, is
- 14:54it is one of the most beautiful places to live in America.
- 14:57It it certainly is very, very diverse.
- 15:01It is an easy space
- 15:04to get in touch with the creator and be constantly reminded
- 15:10that we did not form this earth,
- 15:14and that we have a constant reminder
- 15:19that we have a responsibility to preserve it for future generations.
- 15:23And I think that if there is a lesson that we owe ourselves
- 15:28and others as humankind, then we can find it here.
- 15:32And if we can do it here, it can be done anywhere in the world.
- 15:36You mentioned earlier, mentors and people that
- 15:40we could always look to from the past.
- 15:41So when we're trying to get through times,
- 15:43hard times, do you have any mentors who are there?
- 15:47I was mentored as a child
- 15:49by individuals that I did not realize.
- 15:53What mentorship was.
- 15:55And I simply thought,
- 15:58man, this is so, so powerful
- 16:02to sit at the feet of the elders in the literal sense,
- 16:07to be in the company of greatness,
- 16:10to have then in inculcate within me that wisdom.
- 16:16And so I simply now will be in a space in time
- 16:21to where I get to pay their contributions forward through my own life skills,
- 16:27coaching and mentorship, and continue what they have, what they gave me.
- 16:33So yes, I was tremendously blessed.
- 16:35And many years as an adult, I found out, you know,
- 16:39that these people were part of professional organizations.
- 16:43That was part of their commitment to community building, and it was doctors,
- 16:49lawyers, church leaders, politicians from all walks of life.
- 16:54It was truly a community.
- 16:57Reverend Doctor Boyd, what about you?
- 16:58Yeah, I I'm so blessed
- 17:02to be asked this question and I'm so grateful for it.
- 17:05I, I think immediately of two mentors of,
- 17:10now memory, the reverend doctor Hope Johnson.
- 17:13She her and Andrea Williams, who, did a lot of work
- 17:17with, the, Highlander Center, over in Tennessee.
- 17:21They both taught me.
- 17:25They taught me to channel my righteous anger
- 17:28and to use it for our purposes, to use it for connection,
- 17:32rather than to break things down, to use it
- 17:36in ways that are productive.
- 17:39That can that can bring us forward together.
- 17:44And certainly a more recent one is, Doctor Paul Cole Jones,
- 17:48who lives in the Washington, DC area, who reminds me again and again
- 17:53that it is important for me to use my voice
- 17:57because I have the ability to be in places that other people cannot.
- 18:02I have an obligation.
- 18:04I have an obligation to be in the rooms where I am
- 18:08and to say the things that we've talked about,
- 18:11to fight for the ways of being that we most truly desire
- 18:17to make sure that we're continuing to secure a way going forward
- 18:22that is open to all people, that is welcoming to all people,
- 18:26that can truly make more space for people who aren't at the table now,
- 18:31but should have always been there.
- 18:34Seeking
- 18:34help to channel righteous anger kind of makes it seem like
- 18:38there was an issue where you needed to channel that.
- 18:41What? What are you talking about?
- 18:43What is what is that you're referring to?
- 18:44Yeah, I, I'm grateful for the clarification.
- 18:47It is hard growing up as a person of color.
- 18:51In these United States. Right.
- 18:53The I I've grown up in a country
- 18:56where the Constitution still says I'm 3/5 of the person, whether or not
- 19:00the 13th amendment sort of addressed that at one point in time.
- 19:04Right. This is growing up as a black person.
- 19:07I've been black the whole time.
- 19:08And now as a black man in these United States
- 19:11is learning to
- 19:14deal with, we have a history of unequal treatment.
- 19:19Sometimes that unequal treatment is going to surface
- 19:22when we least expect it, and nonetheless we have to make it through the day.
- 19:27Nonetheless, we have to make it better for the next generation.
- 19:30Nonetheless, we have to dream a wild dream.
- 19:34So just as we are our ancestors wildest dreams and my ancestors were enslaved,
- 19:40I am not currently in a condition of enslavement.
- 19:42What can I leave for generations that I will never know?
- 19:45We've got a dream, wild or dreams.
- 19:48And so all of that is a tinderbox for anger.
- 19:53If you're coming to a racial awakening, if you're coming to a justice awakening,
- 19:57as I was, especially in my early teenage years,
- 20:00and without guidance, without the guidance of elders and elders
- 20:04as I had, I, I don't know how I would have found my way
- 20:08to this podcast
- 20:09to say the things that need to be said in this time, in this place,
- 20:13so other people can say more things in another time, in a different place.
- 20:17Now. Well said.
- 20:18Mr. Bragg's for you.
- 20:20If you could sit down and have a meal with anyone, dead or alive,
- 20:25who would it be and why?
- 20:28There are a number of folks that I would,
- 20:31enjoy having company with.
- 20:34I think, though
- 20:37I probably would like to sit down
- 20:39with Doctor Mary McLeod Bethune.
- 20:42Okay.
- 20:43And the reason would be,
- 20:45is because I would like to go back to her life and legacy,
- 20:52and in particular, her last will and testament.
- 20:56And I would like to just get her assessment
- 21:02of how attentive we have been
- 21:06to the messages that she gave us, which was that, you know,
- 21:10that we need to educate, we need to protect, we need to make sure
- 21:15that we provide health and that we have a responsibility
- 21:19as citizens, for governance
- 21:22and, accountability
- 21:25and that, you know, where there is an a path for each one,
- 21:30you know, where there is no hospital build one
- 21:33where there is no classroom to teach, then
- 21:36gather up the kids and educate them, whatever it is that we do,
- 21:41you know, we cannot take our eyes off of our divine purpose.
- 21:47And that was what our life was about.
- 21:48So I would love to have that chat with her.
- 21:52Doctor Boyd, what about you?
- 21:54I would probably want to sit down with Sojourner
- 21:57Truth, who is, for mother of intersectional feminism.
- 22:01Right?
- 22:02She understood what it meant to be both black and a woman, in a time
- 22:07when that was even more of a case for severe treatment
- 22:11than some black women, some black trans women, some black femmes experience.
- 22:15Now, I would want to know what she thinks about how far we've made it.
- 22:20If we've made it very far at all, I'd want to pick her brain for some ideas
- 22:25about how we continue to lean into a liberatory future
- 22:30that can really center the fullness of an intersectional identity.
- 22:34I think she'd have some great things to say about it.
- 22:36Yeah.
- 22:38February is the month that we
- 22:39usually celebrate Black History Month, but it doesn't have to end with this month.
- 22:43Is there anything you want our listeners to know about how they can get involved
- 22:46throughout the year?
- 22:47Maybe your call to action for our listeners.
- 22:50And I would say that, one of the easiest ways
- 22:54is every single week or month
- 22:58that you simply today in history,
- 23:02oh, you know, and it gives you an opportunity to learn
- 23:06not only about the contributions of people from the African diaspora.
- 23:11It gives you an opportunity to have a conversation with someone
- 23:15about the contributions of everyday people in America
- 23:20who have truly made this nation a great place
- 23:23to live and thrive and be.
- 23:27And I think in doing that, it causes you to celebrate everyone.
- 23:33Doctor Boyd, what's your message?
- 23:35I would say, remember, black people have birthdays, right?
- 23:39Black History Month is also about making a place for successful black futures.
- 23:44And the way we have more black futures is by making sure
- 23:46that the black people who live right now can thrive.
- 23:50All respect to the ancestors.
- 23:52All respect to the current mentors and elders that we have.
- 23:56Every time we connect with black people and make their day more meaningful,
- 24:01make our days more livable, remind one another that the conditions
- 24:07of American racism require indigenous erasure and anti-Black racism.
- 24:12We can undo that.
- 24:14We undo that simply by humanizing people, simply by remembering
- 24:18that the wisdom of the ancestors lives in our bodies,
- 24:22lives in our spirits, lives in the words that come from our mouths.
- 24:25So find a black person.
- 24:28Create a meaningful relationship with that person.
- 24:30Celebrate their successes.
- 24:32Empathize with us when we're feeling sad.
- 24:36Humanize us by being in relationship with us.
- 24:38The way forward is black and the way forward is together.
- 24:43And for those that maybe want to listen to you a little more, is there a way
- 24:46we should they follow the church?
- 24:47How can they get more information?
- 24:48Yes, you can find us at u u honolulu.org.
- 24:52We are on the poly highway 2500, poly highway 10 a.m.
- 24:56every Sunday in person or online.
- 24:58If you want to dip your toe in online, you can do that.
- 25:01Or if you're just traveling, you can always find a service you.
- 25:04Honolulu.
- 25:05We're also on Instagram.
- 25:07We're on blue Sky.
- 25:09We're still on Twitter.
- 25:10And you can also find us on YouTube.
- 25:12You can always find full length recordings of all services,
- 25:15as well as meaningful clips from the previous week's services.
- 25:18And then, Mr.
- 25:18Briggs, for you, if folks are here in Hawaii,
- 25:20you want to get involved with the NAACP.
- 25:22How can they do that?
- 25:23Naacp.org they can follow us on,
- 25:28Facebook or Instagram.
- 25:31NAACP Hawaii and.
- 25:35Their reels of you on Instagram dancing.
- 25:36And are you are you a social media guy?
- 25:39I personally am on, Instagram.
- 25:43Okay. Facebook.
- 25:44As Bragg's legacy.
- 25:46Got it.
- 25:47And, gentlemen, is there anything that we missed?
- 25:50I just think how it is very important
- 25:53that we celebrate
- 25:56in an intentional way,
- 26:00the contributions of people from the African diaspora.
- 26:05And I think the worst thing that we could ever do
- 26:08is marginalize those contributions.
- 26:12So I think that we need to celebrate it every single day,
- 26:15because there's no facet of our life
- 26:19where African-Americans have not contributed.
- 26:22We're sitting in air conditioning.
- 26:24We're sitting in light filaments, we're eating certain cuisines.
- 26:28We're riding in cars that that food that was transported to the grocery stores
- 26:33because a black man invented an air conditioner
- 26:36that allowed us to efficiently, transport frozen goods
- 26:40long distances, you know, so I think that when we take the time
- 26:46to really see what we're different at, we find out how much we have in common.
- 26:52And I'd
- 26:53say that Hawaii is one of a handful of states
- 26:57that is majority black, indigenous, and people of color.
- 27:00And that means we have always been on a trajectory
- 27:03of creating a future that is different, a future
- 27:08that is not so beholden to the errors that sometimes happened on the continent.
- 27:14And the more we embrace that identity, both as people who live on these islands,
- 27:18as well as people who are learning about the things that we do on these islands,
- 27:22the better we we are truly making a different way forward
- 27:27by honoring our shared legacies, by understanding that blackness
- 27:33and indigeneity and the various communities of color
- 27:36that make this place great are making it more Hawaiian,
- 27:41making it a more sustainable and thriving future.
- 27:44And we're in this together.
- 27:46Black contributions are central to that.
- 27:48The contributions of all people on these islands are important.
- 27:51We need to make sure that we continue to center center where we came from.
- 27:56Look to the source.
- 27:58That sounds like a fancy way of saying lucky. We live Hawaii.
- 28:03Yeah, yeah, I think so.
- 28:05Also, Brad Boyd, thank you both again for joining us.
- 28:08Thank you so very much for having us. Absolutely.
- 28:10And to view the full mayor ceremony for Black History
- 28:13Month, head on over to Mayor Rick Blanchard YouTube page.
- 28:16Mahalo for listening.
- 28:17And until next time, Aloha.