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35 - Marie Antoinette and the Downfall of Royalty by Imbert de Saint-Amand · Marie Antoinette and the Downfall of Royalty

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  Speaker 1: Chapter thirty five of Marie Antoinette and The Downfall of Royalty.
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  Speaker 1: This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in
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  Speaker 1: the public domain. For more information, ought a volunteer, please
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  Speaker 1: visit LibriVox dot org. Read for you by Chichito Craster.
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  Speaker 1: Marie Antoinette and the Downfall of Royalty by Imbert de
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  Speaker 1: Saint amand translated by Elizabeth G. Martin, Chapter thirty five,
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  Speaker 1: The September Massacres. Lovers of paradoxes have tried to represent
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  Speaker 1: the September massacres as something spontaneous, a passing delirium of opinion,
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  Speaker 1: a sort of great national convulsion. This myth was a
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  Speaker 1: lie against history and humanity. It exists no longer. Heaven
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  Speaker 1: be thanked. The mists with which it was sought to
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  Speaker 1: shroud these execrable crimes are now dissipated. Light has been
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  Speaker 1: shed upon that series of infernal spectacles which would have
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  Speaker 1: made Cannibal's blush. No, these odious massacres were not the
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  Speaker 1: result of a popular movement, an unforeseen fanaticism, a paroxysm
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  Speaker 1: of rage or vengeance. They present an ensemble of murders
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  Speaker 1: committed in cold blood a planned and premeditated thing. Monsieur
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  Speaker 1: Mortimer Ternand in his Histeuire de la terreur Monsieur Ranier
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  Speaker 1: de Cassagnac in his Histuiar de gendin Ide Massacre this
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  Speaker 1: September have proved his abundantly. They have exhumed from the
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  Speaker 1: archives and the record offices such a mass of uncontested
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  Speaker 1: and incontestable documents that not the slightest doubt is now permissible. Edgarkiney,
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  Speaker 1: who had hesitated to recognize this, in his book That Revolution,
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  Speaker 1: he says the massacres were executed administratively. The same discipline
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  Speaker 1: was every way displayed throughout the carnage. This was not
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  Speaker 1: a piece of blind, spontaneous barbarism. It was a barbarity,
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  Speaker 1: slowly mediated, minutely elaborated by a sanguinary mind. Hence it
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  Speaker 1: bears no resemblance to anything previously known in history. Maras
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  Speaker 1: harvested in September what he had been sowing for years.
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  Speaker 1: The Parisian populace. Eight hundred thousand souls was in it.
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  Speaker 1: It was cowardly. It trembled, but it did not approve.
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  Speaker 1: It was not an accomplice. It was a monstrous thing
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  Speaker 1: that a handful of cut throats should be enough to
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  Speaker 1: transform Paris into a slaughter house. Once shudders and thinking
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  Speaker 1: what a few criminals can accomplish in the midst of
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  Speaker 1: an immense population. The people, the real people, that composed
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  Speaker 1: of laborious and honest workmen, ardent and patriotic at heart,
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  Speaker 1: and of young bourgeois with generous aspirations and indomitable courage,
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  Speaker 1: never united for an instant with the scoundrels recruited by
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  Speaker 1: my Yar from every kennel in the capital. While the
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  Speaker 1: hired assassins of the Committee of Surveyans established in the
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  Speaker 1: prisons what Whernio called a butcher's shop for human flesh,
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  Speaker 1: the true populace was assembled on the Chans de Mars,
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  Speaker 1: and before the enlistment boots, it was offering its purest
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  Speaker 1: blood for the country it would have blushed to shed
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  Speaker 1: that of helpless unfortunates. In eighteen hundred and seventy one,
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  Speaker 1: the murder of hostages and the burning of monuments was
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  Speaker 1: no more approved by the population than when the massacres
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  Speaker 1: in the prisons were in seventeen hundred and ninety two.
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  Speaker 1: The crimes were committed at both epochs by a mere
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  Speaker 1: handful of individuals. The great majority of the people were
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  Speaker 1: guilty merely of apathy and fear. The hideous tableaux surpasses
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  Speaker 1: the most lugubrious conceptions of Dante's somber imagination. Paris is
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  Speaker 1: a hell. From August twenty ninth. It is like a
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  Speaker 1: torpid Oriental town. The whole city is in custody, like
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  Speaker 1: a criminal whose limbs are held while he is being
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  Speaker 1: searched and put in irons. Every house is inspected by
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  Speaker 1: the agents of the commune. A knock at the door
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  Speaker 1: makes the inmates tremble. The denunciation of an enemy, a servant,
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  Speaker 1: a neighbor is a death sentence. People scarcely dare to breathe.
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  Speaker 1: Neither running water nor solid earth is free. The parapets
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  Speaker 1: of quays, the arches of bridges, the bathing and washing
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  Speaker 1: boats are bristling with sentries. The bathing and washing boats
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  Speaker 1: are bristling with sentries. Everything is surrounded. There is no refuge.
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  Speaker 1: Three thousand suspect that persons are taken out of houses
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  Speaker 1: and crowded into prisons. The hunt begins anew the following day,
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  Speaker 1: the program of massacres is arranged the communal Council of
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  Speaker 1: Sourians has minutely regulated everything. The price of the actual
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  Speaker 1: work is settled. The personnel of cutthroats is at its post.
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  Speaker 1: D'antonine has furnished the executioners, manuel the victims. All is ready.
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  Speaker 1: The bloody drama can begin. On September second, D'Anton said
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  Speaker 1: to the assembly, the tocsin about to sound is not
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  Speaker 1: an alarmed signal. It is a charge upon the enemies
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  Speaker 1: of the country to vanquish them. Gentlemen. All that is
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  Speaker 1: needed is boldness, and again boldness, and always boldness. Two
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  Speaker 1: days before he had been still more explicit. The tenth
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  Speaker 1: of August said, he divided us into Republicans and Royalists,
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  Speaker 1: the first few in number, the second many. We must
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  Speaker 1: make the royalists afraid. A frightful gesture, a horizontal gesture
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  Speaker 1: sufficed to express his meaning. Robbery preceded murder. It was
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  Speaker 1: a very raid. The commune caused the palaces national property
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  Speaker 1: Le Garde merble, the houses and mansions of the Emigree
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  Speaker 1: to be pillaged. Once saw nothing but carts and wagons
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  Speaker 1: transporting stolen goods to the Hotel de v All. The
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  Speaker 1: plate was stolen from the churches Likewise, millions, says Madame
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  Speaker 1: Roland in her memoirs, passed into the hands of people
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  Speaker 1: who used it to perpetuate the anarchy, which was a
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  Speaker 1: source of their domination. When will the men of the
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  Speaker 1: commune render their accounts? Never? Who are the accomplices of
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  Speaker 1: d'Antin and Maras in organizing the massacres? A band of
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  Speaker 1: defaulting accountants, faithless violators of public trusts, breakers of locks, swindlers, spies,
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  Speaker 1: and men overwhelmed with debts. What interest have they in
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  Speaker 1: planning the murders? That of perpetuating the dictatorship they had
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  Speaker 1: assumed on the eve of August tenth, and above all,
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  Speaker 1: of having no accounts to render. A few weeks later
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  Speaker 1: on Colau des Bois will say at the Jacquobag Club,
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  Speaker 1: the second of September is the chief article in the
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  Speaker 1: creed of our liberty. The jailers were forewarned. They served
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  Speaker 1: the prisoner's dinner earlier and took away their knives. There
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  Speaker 1: was a disturbed and uneasy look in their faces, which
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  Speaker 1: made the victim suspect their end was near. Toward noon,
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  Speaker 1: the general alarm was beaten in every street. The citizens
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  Speaker 1: were ordered to return at once to their dwellings. An
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  Speaker 1: order was issued to illuminate every house. When night fell,
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  Speaker 1: the shops were closed. Terror overspread the entire city. It
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  Speaker 1: was agreed that at the third discharge of cannon, the
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  Speaker 1: cutthroats should set to work. The first blood shed was
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  Speaker 1: that of prisoners taken from the mayoralty of the abbey prison.
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  Speaker 1: The carriages containing them passed along the Cauay Desaufevres, the
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  Speaker 1: Poniuf and Rudolphine until it reached the Beaussy Square. Here
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  Speaker 1: there was a crowd assembled around the platform, where enlistments
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  Speaker 1: were going on. The throng impeded the progress of the carriage. Thereupon,
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  Speaker 1: one of the escort opened the door of one of them, and,
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  Speaker 1: standing on the step, plunged a saber into the breast
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  Speaker 1: of an aged priest. The multitude shuddered and fled in affright.
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  Speaker 1: That makes you afraid, said the assassin. You will see
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  Speaker 1: plenty more like it. The rest of the escort followed
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  Speaker 1: the example set them. The carriages go on again, and
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  Speaker 1: so do the massacres. They kill along the route, and
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  Speaker 1: they kill on arriving at the abbey towards five o'clock.
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  Speaker 1: Bouvarenes presents himself there, wearing his municipal scarf. People, says
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  Speaker 1: he what he calls people is a band of salaried assassins. People.
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  Speaker 1: Thou immolatest thine enemies, Thou art doing thy duty. Then
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  Speaker 1: he walks into the midst of the dead bodies, dipping
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  Speaker 1: his feet in blood, and fraternizes with the murderers. There
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  Speaker 1: is nothing more to do here, explains my yar. Let
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  Speaker 1: us go to the Carmelites. At the Carmelites, one hundred
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  Speaker 1: and eighty priests, crowded into the church and convent, were
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  Speaker 1: awaiting their fate with pious resignation. Two days before, Manuel
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  Speaker 1: had said to them ironically, in forty eight hours, you
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  Speaker 1: will all be free. Get ready to go into a
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  Speaker 1: foreign country and enjoy the repose you cannot find here.
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  Speaker 1: And on the previous day, ou Gendarmes said to the
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  Speaker 1: Archbishop of Arles, blowing the smoke from his pipe into
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  Speaker 1: his face as he did so. It is tomorrow, then,
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  Speaker 1: that they are going to kill your grandeur. A short
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  Speaker 1: time before the massacre began, the victims were sent into
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  Speaker 1: the garden. At the bottom of it was an rajerie,
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  Speaker 1: which had since become a chapel. Monsieur Dulaou, Archbishop of Arles,
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  Speaker 1: and the bishops of Beauvais and de Saint both of
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  Speaker 1: whom were named De la roche fu Cot kneeled down
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  Speaker 1: with the other priests and recited the last prayers. The
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  Speaker 1: murderers approached the Archbishop of Arles, who was upwards of
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  Speaker 1: eighty advanced to meet them. I am he whom you seek,
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  Speaker 1: he said, My sacrifice is made, but spare these worthy priests.
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  Speaker 1: They will pray for you on earth as iye in heaven.
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  Speaker 1: They insulted him before they struck him. I have never
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  Speaker 1: done harm to any one, said he. An assassin responded
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  Speaker 1: very well, I'll do some to you, and killed him.
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  Speaker 1: The other priests were chased around the garden, from one
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  Speaker 1: tree to another and shot down. During this infernal hunt,
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  Speaker 1: the murderers were shouting with laughter and singing their favorite song,
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  Speaker 1: darsaie la carmagnol. The massacres of the Carameliites is over.
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  Speaker 1: Let us go back to the abbey, cries my ya,
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  Speaker 1: we shall find more game there. This time there is
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  Speaker 1: a pretense of justice made. The tribunal is the vestibule
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  Speaker 1: of the abbey. Maya the chief cutthroat is President. The
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  Speaker 1: assassins are the judges and the public, the masteraier, the sacculot,
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  Speaker 1: the female furies, and men to whom murder was a
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  Speaker 1: delightful spectacle. The prisoners are summoned one after another. They
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  Speaker 1: enter the vestibule, which has a wicket as a door
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  Speaker 1: of exit. They are questioned simply as a matter of form.
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  Speaker 1: The answers are not even listened to conduct. This gentleman
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  Speaker 1: to the force, says the President. The prisoners think he
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  Speaker 1: is safe. He does not know that this phrase has
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  Speaker 1: been agreed upon as a signal of death. On reaching
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  Speaker 1: the wicket, the hatchet and saber strokes cut him down
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  Speaker 1: in the midst of his dream. The Swiss officers and
• 9:48
  Speaker 1: the soldiers who had survived August tenth were murdered. Thus
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  Speaker 1: their torture lasted a longer or shorter time, and was
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  Speaker 1: accomplished with more or less cruel refinements. According to the
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  Speaker 1: cupris of the assassins, who are nearly all drunk, night
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  Speaker 1: came and torches were lighted. No shadows a grand illumination.
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  Speaker 1: They must see clear in the slaughter house. Lanterns were
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  Speaker 1: placed near the lakes of blood and heaps of dead bodies,
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  Speaker 1: so as plainly to distinguish the work from the workmen.
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  Speaker 1: There were some who were bent on losing no details
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  Speaker 1: of the carnage. The spectators wanted to take things easy.
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  Speaker 1: They were tired of standing too long. Ventures for men
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  Speaker 1: and others for dames were got ready for them. The
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  Speaker 1: death rattle of the agonizing, the viciferations of the assassins,
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  Speaker 1: the emulation between the executioners, who killed slowly and the victims,
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  Speaker 1: who are in a haste to die, give joy to
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  Speaker 1: the spectators. There is no interruption to the human butchery.
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  Speaker 1: There has been so much blood spilled that the feet
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  Speaker 1: of the murderers slip on the pavement. A litter is
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  Speaker 1: made of straw and the clothes of the victims, and
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  Speaker 1: thereafter none are killed except upon this mattress. In this
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  Speaker 1: way the work is more commodiously accomplished. The assassins have
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  Speaker 1: plenty of assurance. Morning dawns and the continuation of the murders,
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  Speaker 1: and the wives of the murderers bring them something to eat.
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  Speaker 1: On September second, the only persons handed over to the
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  Speaker 1: cut throats were at the abbey, the Carmelites, as Saint Fimire.
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  Speaker 1: On September third, the massacre became more general. The assassins
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  Speaker 1: had said, if there is no more work, we shall
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  Speaker 1: have to find some. Their desire realizes itself. Work will
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  Speaker 1: not be lacking. There is still some at the force
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  Speaker 1: where the Princess de Lumbai, the preferred victim, is murdered.
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  Speaker 1: The assassins, who at the abbey had been paid at
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  Speaker 1: the rate of eight francs a day, get only fifty
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  Speaker 1: sous at the force. They work with undiminished seal. Even
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  Speaker 1: at this reduction, if necessary, they would work for nothing.
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  Speaker 1: To drink wine and shed blood is the essential thing.
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  Speaker 1: The negro de l'Orme, servant to Fournier the American, distinguishes
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  Speaker 1: himself among them all. His black skin reddened with blood,
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  Speaker 1: his white teeth and ferocious eyes, his best chill laugh,
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  Speaker 1: his ravenous fury make him a choice assassin. There is
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  Speaker 1: work too at the Conciergerie, where a great and little chatelet,
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  Speaker 1: the Salpetierre the Bisetre. A great number of those detailed
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  Speaker 1: are people condemned or accused of private crimes which had
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  Speaker 1: absolutely nothing to do with politics. No matter blood is wanted.
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  Speaker 1: They killed there as elsewhere. At the gran chateleat work
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  Speaker 1: is so plenty and the assassins so few, that they
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  Speaker 1: release several individuals imprisoned for theft and impressed them into
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  Speaker 1: their service. One of these unfortunate accidental executioners begins in
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  Speaker 1: a hesitating way, strikes a few undecided blows, and then
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  Speaker 1: throws down the hatchet placed in his hand. No, no,
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  Speaker 1: he cries, I cannot, no. No, Rather a victim than
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  Speaker 1: a murderer. I would rather receive debt from scoundrels like
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  Speaker 1: you than give it to innocent, disarmed people. Strike me,
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  Speaker 1: and at once the veteran murderers killed the inexperienced cutthrope.
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  Speaker 1: There was a woman, known on account of her charms
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  Speaker 1: as a beautiful flower girl, who was accused of having
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  Speaker 1: wounded her lover, a French guard, in a fit of jealousy. Ferrouan,
• 12:52
  Speaker 1: the Merry corps an Amazon of the Gutters, was her rival.
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  Speaker 1: She pointed her out to the assassins. They fastened her
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  Speaker 1: naked to a post, a leg spread apart, and a
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  Speaker 1: feet nailed to the ground. They burned her alive. They
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  Speaker 1: cut off her breast with saber strokes. They impaled her
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  Speaker 1: on a hot iron. Her shrieks carried dismay as far
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  Speaker 1: as the outer banks of the Seine. Feruan was at
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  Speaker 1: the height of felicity. At the Saltpetriere there was still
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  Speaker 1: another spectacle. This prison for fallen women is a place
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  Speaker 1: of correction for the old, of amendment for the young,
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  Speaker 1: and an asylum for those who are still children. More
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  Speaker 1: than forty children of the lower classes were slain during
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  Speaker 1: these horrible days. The delirium of murder reached its height.
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  Speaker 1: Gorged with wine, mingled with gunpowder, Intoxicated with the fumes
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  Speaker 1: and reek of carnage, the assassin's experience a devouring inextinguishable,
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  Speaker 1: first for blood, which nothing could quench. More blood, and
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  Speaker 1: yet more blood, And where can it now be found?
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  Speaker 1: The prisons are empty. There are no more nobles, no
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  Speaker 1: more priests to put to death. Very well, for lack
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  Speaker 1: of anything better, they will go to an asylum for
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  Speaker 1: the poor, the sick, and the insane, to the bisetre, vagabonds, paupers, fools, thieves, stewart,
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  Speaker 1: chaplain's janitor, all this fish that comes to their net.
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  Speaker 1: The butchery lasts five days and nights without stopping. Massacre
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  Speaker 1: takes every form. Some are drowned in the cellars, others
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  Speaker 1: shot in the courts, water, fire and sword, every sort
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  Speaker 1: of torture. The cutthroats at last take some repose. They
• 14:18
  Speaker 1: have worked all the week. They are still some, however,
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  Speaker 1: who have not yet had enough, and who are going
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  Speaker 1: to continue the massacres of Paris and the provinces. The
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  Speaker 1: Communal Council of Sourians has taken care to send to
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  Speaker 1: every commune in France a circular bearing the seal of
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  Speaker 1: the Minister of Justice, inviting them to follow the example
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  Speaker 1: of the capital. September ninth, the prisoners who had been
• 14:40
  Speaker 1: detained at Orleans to be tried there by the Superior
• 14:42
  Speaker 1: Court entered Versailles on carts. At the moment when they
• 14:45
  Speaker 1: approached the grating of the Orangerie assassins sent from Paris
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  Speaker 1: under the lead of Fournier, the American sprang upon them
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  Speaker 1: and immolated every one. Thus perished the former Minister of
• 14:55
  Speaker 1: Foreign Affairs de Leschars and the Duke de Brisac, former
• 14:59
  Speaker 1: command under of the Constitutional Guard. Fournier. The American returned
• 15:03
  Speaker 1: on horseback to Paris and began to caracole on the place.
• 15:07
  Speaker 1: Fantmes Danton loudly felicitated him on the success of the
• 15:10
  Speaker 1: expedition from the balcony of the Ministry of Justice. During
• 15:14
  Speaker 1: all this time, what efforts had the Assembly made to
• 15:16
  Speaker 1: put a stop to the murders? None? Absolutely none. Never
• 15:20
  Speaker 1: had any deliberative bodies shown alike cowardice. Neither Vergnio's voice
• 15:24
  Speaker 1: nor that of any other gendere was heard in protest, indignation,
• 15:28
  Speaker 1: pity found not a single word to say. Speeches, discussions,
• 15:32
  Speaker 1: votes on different questions went on as usual concerning the massacres.
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  Speaker 1: Not a syllable during that infamous week. Neither the ministers,
• 15:40
  Speaker 1: the virtuous rolent not more than the others. Neither Petion,
• 15:44
  Speaker 1: the Mayor of Paris, nor the commander of the National
• 15:47
  Speaker 1: Guard sent a picket guard of fifty men to any
• 15:49
  Speaker 1: quarter to prevent the murders. A population of eight hundred
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  Speaker 1: thousand souls and a national Guard of fifty thousand men
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  Speaker 1: bent their next under a yoke of a handful of bandits.
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  Speaker 1: Of two hundred and thirty five assassins. The exact number
• 16:01
  Speaker 1: is known. People trembled at the Assembly. The old Moderate
• 16:05
  Speaker 1: party had disappeared. There were not more than two hundred
• 16:07
  Speaker 1: odd deputies present at the shameful and powerless sessions terrorized.
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  Speaker 1: Paris was in a state of stupor and prostration. The
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  Speaker 1: murderers ended by execrating themselves. Tormented by remotes, they could
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  Speaker 1: see nothing before them but vivid faces, reeking entrails, bleeding limbs.
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  Speaker 1: Among the cutthroats, Monsieur Rouis Blanc has said, some gave
• 16:28
  Speaker 1: signs of insanity and led to the supposition that some
• 16:31
  Speaker 1: mysterious and terrible drug had been mingled with the wine
• 16:33
  Speaker 1: they drank. Some of them became furious madmen. Others sought
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  Speaker 1: refuge in's suicide, killing themselves the moment they had no
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  Speaker 1: one else to kill. Others enlisted, they were chased out
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  Speaker 1: of the army. Among these was the man who had
• 16:46
  Speaker 1: carried the head of the Princess de Lambay on a pike.
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  Speaker 1: One day, when he was boasting of his murders, the
• 16:51
  Speaker 1: soldiers became indignant and put into death. Others still were
• 16:55
  Speaker 1: tried as septembrius and sent to the scaffold. The guilty
• 16:58
  Speaker 1: received their punishment even on this earth. Well. There are
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  Speaker 1: people nowadays who would like to rehabilitate them in vain.
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  Speaker 1: Has Lamartine, the founder of the Second Republic, examined in
• 17:08
  Speaker 1: a burst of noble wrath, has human speech and execration,
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  Speaker 1: and anathema which is equal to the horror of these
• 17:14
  Speaker 1: crimes of cannibal sin spire in me as in all
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  Speaker 1: civilized men. In Vain have the most celebrated historians of democracy,
• 17:22
  Speaker 1: Edgarkine and Michelais, expressed in eloquent terms their indignation against
• 17:27
  Speaker 1: these crimes in Vain. Has Monsieur LeBlanc said, every murder
• 17:31
  Speaker 1: is a suicide. In the victim, the body alone is killed,
• 17:34
  Speaker 1: but what is killed in the murderer is the soul.
• 17:37
  Speaker 1: There are men who would not alone excuse, but glorify
• 17:40
  Speaker 1: the assassinations and the assassins. End of Chapter thirty five
• 17:45
  Speaker 1: Read for you by Chichito Crasto, Birmingham, Alabama,