Transcript

9.18.26 · History Hour

0:02
Speaker 1: Well, hello and welcome. This is Radio Eye's History Show,
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Speaker 1: and I'm your host and reader for today, Joseph Bolt.
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Speaker 1: So glad to be with you for this time. And
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Speaker 1: before we begin, we always need to remind you that
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0:50
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0:57
Speaker 1: sources as we go along today, so let's get to reading.
1:01
Speaker 1: Today I thought we would talk about somebody that doesn't
1:05
Speaker 1: get a lot of press, you know, here in Kentucky,
1:11
Speaker 1: yet he was instrumental in getting Kentucky started. And that
1:18
Speaker 1: is the person of James Harrod. So let's read about Mr. Harrod.
1:25
Speaker 1: James Harrod's story begins in colonial Pennsylvania. Most scholars place
1:32
Speaker 1: his birth in Bedford County in the early 1740s, perhaps
1:38
Speaker 1: between 1742 and 46. Born to John Herod and Sarah
1:44
Speaker 1: Moore Herod, the family lived in a region that was
1:49
Speaker 1: becoming a war zone even before the French and Indian War.
1:54
Speaker 1: Several relatives, including Herod's brother, Sam, and his father's first wife,
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Speaker 1: were killed. in native attacks, and John Herod himself died
2:04
Speaker 1: around 1754. Well, after John's death, the surviving Herods moved
2:14
Speaker 1: toward the shelter of frontier garrisons. Later recollections and marker
2:20
Speaker 1: summaries agree that James spent part of his youth at
2:24
Speaker 1: or near Fort Littleton. one of a chain of stockades
2:29
Speaker 1: built in the 1750s to protect settlers along the Pennsylvania
2:33
Speaker 1: backcountry routes. The fort stood near the gaps that carried
2:40
Speaker 1: traders and soldiers toward the Ohio Valley. Harrod learned to track, scout,
2:47
Speaker 1: and survive along a contested frontier. The surviving muster and
2:54
Speaker 1: enlistment records are thin, But they show a teenager named
2:59
Speaker 1: James Herod enlisting in 1760 as one of, quote, Captain
3:04
Speaker 1: Cochran's recruits, end quote, listing his age of 16. Later
3:10
Speaker 1: biographer James C. Clotter has pointed out that the short
3:16
Speaker 1: height given for this recruit does not match other descriptions
3:20
Speaker 1: of Herod as a tall man, which suggests he may
3:24
Speaker 1: have shaved his age to enter military service. Whether or
3:29
Speaker 1: not that particular enlistment record is his, early sources agree
3:32
Speaker 1: that Herod served as a ranger during the French and
3:36
Speaker 1: Indian War. By the early 1770s, British officials and land
3:44
Speaker 1: speculators were eyeing the country south of the Ohio. Herod
3:50
Speaker 1: joined one of the early parties moving into what Virginians
3:54
Speaker 1: called Kentucky and the spelling of Kentucky at that time
3:59
Speaker 1: ended with a K-E instead of a K-Y. In 1773,
4:05
Speaker 1: he traveled down the Ohio as part of a group
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Speaker 1: of settlers who reached the falls of the future Louisville site.
4:14
Speaker 1: The next year he returned with a more focused mission
4:17
Speaker 1: that would give him his place in Kentucky memory. In
4:21
Speaker 1: the spring of 1774, Virginia's royal governor, Lord Dunmore, authorized
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Speaker 1: surveys to lay out land promised to veterans of the
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Speaker 1: French and Indian War. Harrod received orders to lead a
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Speaker 1: company from western Pennsylvania into the Kentucky country. They followed
4:42
Speaker 1: the Monongahela and Ohio rivers to the mouth of the
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Speaker 1: Kentucky River before turning inland. From there, they crossed the
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Speaker 1: Salt River Basin into what is now Mercer County and
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Speaker 1: chose a large spring as their center. On June 16, 1774,
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Speaker 1: Herod and roughly three dozen men staked out cabin lots
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Speaker 1: around the area called Big Spring, which eventually became Herod's Town.
5:12
Speaker 1: Herodsburg is described as the first permanent English settlement west
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Speaker 1: of the Allegheny Mountains, founded again as Herod's Town. The
5:25
Speaker 1: phrase permanent settlement hides the precarious reality. Within months, growing
5:31
Speaker 1: tensions between Virginia and the Shawnees along the Ohio led
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Speaker 1: Dunmore to recall his survey parties. Herod and his men
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Speaker 1: abandoned the fledgling town to join Virginia militia forces. Herod
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Speaker 1: returned to Kentucky the following year in March of 1775
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Speaker 1: with a new stream of settlers. This time, the town
6:00
Speaker 1: did not remain a scattering of cabins around Big Spring.
6:04
Speaker 1: As pressures from native raids and land companies mounted, settlers
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Speaker 1: shifted most of the defensive works uphill to the prominence
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Speaker 1: now preserved as Old Fort Herod State Park. Contemporary descriptions
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Speaker 1: and later archaeological work suggest a compact stockade crowded with crowded, rather,
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Speaker 1: with cabins, blockhouses, and pens, with associated farm tracks stretching
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Speaker 1: out along nearby creeks. When Virginia created Kentucky County in
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Speaker 1: December 31, 1776, Harrodstown was named the county seat. In 1777,
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Speaker 1: Harrod was commissioned as a justice in the county court.
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Speaker 1: County court information from that period record justices assigning roadwork,
7:04
Speaker 1: licensing taverns, adjudicating disputes, and supervising militia affairs. Kentucky's county's
7:12
Speaker 1: vast jurisdiction soon proved unwieldy, so in 1780 the General
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Speaker 1: Assembly divided it into Fayette, Jefferson, and Lincoln counties. with
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Speaker 1: Harrodstown serving as a county seat for Lincoln. In 1779,
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Speaker 1: James Harrod represented Kentucky County in the Virginia House of Delegates,
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Speaker 1: where journals and member lists show him participating in debates
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Speaker 1: over land policy and frontier defense. Through the 1780s, He
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Speaker 1: appears as a trustee of Harrisburg, supervising town lots and
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Speaker 1: improvements in a community that was gradually shifting from emergency
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Speaker 1: fort to county seat. Like many pioneer leaders, Harrod blended
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Speaker 1: public duty with private land speculation. Kentucky Secretary of Land
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Speaker 1: Office Records and Mercer County Patent Maps show him as
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Speaker 1: the grantee or surveyor on extensive claims across the Salt
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Speaker 1: River and its branches. By the 1790s, contemporary accounts describe
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Speaker 1: him as the owner of more than 20,000 acres scattered
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Speaker 1: across several counties. In 1778, Herod married Anne Colburn MacDonald
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Speaker 1: at Logan Station, another central Kentucky outpost. Anne had already
8:55
Speaker 1: lost a husband and father in frontier violence, and she
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Speaker 1: brought a son from her first marriage into the new household.
9:04
Speaker 1: She and Herod would have one daughter together, Margaret, born
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Speaker 1: in 1785. Herod eventually drafted his own will. In that document,
9:16
Speaker 1: written shortly before his final journey, he left his property
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Speaker 1: to his, quote, beloved wife, end quote, Anne, and their daughter,
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Speaker 1: a phrase that later historians have weighed against later rumors
9:29
Speaker 1: that he abandoned them. Even as Herod accumulated land and
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Speaker 1: held many titles, he remained a working frontiersman. County records
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Speaker 1: trace his service as a militia officer who rose from
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Speaker 1: captain to colonel. In 1776 and 1777, He led expeditions
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Speaker 1: east to bring gunpowder, lead, and other supplies back to
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Speaker 1: the vulnerable forts in Kentucky. During the intense wave of
10:01
Speaker 1: attacks in the summer of 1777, he helped organize the
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Speaker 1: defense of Harrodstown against repeated assaults. He also navigated the
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Speaker 1: political fights that swirled around Kentucky lands. Harrod opposed the
10:16
Speaker 1: Transylvania's company attempt to establish a proprietary colony in the region,
10:23
Speaker 1: aligning himself with settlers and Virginia officials who saw Richard
10:28
Speaker 1: Henderson's scheme as a threat to their titles. He attended
10:33
Speaker 1: early meetings at Danville that paved the way for Kentucky's
10:36
Speaker 1: eventual statehood. By the early 1790s, Herod was a prosperous
10:42
Speaker 1: middle-aged farmer whose public duties were beginning to taper off.
10:47
Speaker 1: He still preferred long stretches in the woods. In February
10:52
Speaker 1: of 1792, he set out from Harrodsburg on a hunting
10:56
Speaker 1: trip with Michael Stoner and another man usually identified by
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Speaker 1: sources as Bridges. The party headed toward the upper Kentucky
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Speaker 1: River country, where beaver and other game remained plentiful. Harrod
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Speaker 1: never came back. Everything that follows rests on conflicting depositions, reminiscences,
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Speaker 1: and in the 1848 court case that tried to untangle
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Speaker 1: his heir's rights. That case, printed in a volume of
11:31
Speaker 1: Kentucky legal reports, contains sworn statements about his disappearance and
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Speaker 1: about the later handling of his land. The simplest explanation
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Speaker 1: is that Herod died, as so many frontiersmen did, in
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Speaker 1: an accident or a surprise attack far from help. Some
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Speaker 1: witnesses insisted that Bridges returned to camp excited and claimed
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Speaker 1: to have heard a gunshot, then later pointed to signs
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Speaker 1: of native presence to argue that searching was too dangerous.
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Speaker 1: Others said that Herod had walked away from the party
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Speaker 1: on his own, and never returned. Over time, neighbors and
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Speaker 1: descendants added more dramatic possibilities. One line of story suggests
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Speaker 1: that Herod had grown unhappy in his marriage and used
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Speaker 1: the hunting trip as a way to vanish, perhaps returning
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Speaker 1: quietly to earlier kin in Pennsylvania. Another cluster insists that
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Speaker 1: Bridges murdered him on the trail, possibly in a dispute
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Speaker 1: over a share of land or over a rumored silver mine.
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Speaker 1: Herod's wife Anne, her daughter Margaret, and later relatives, tended
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Speaker 1: to believe the murder explanation. They pointed to stories of
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Speaker 1: bones found in a cave, silver buttons from Herod's clothes
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Speaker 1: turning up for sale, and bridges leaving the area in haste.
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Speaker 1: James C. Clotter's slim book, History Mysteries, reexamines those theories,
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Speaker 1: and highlights the holes in each one. Pension applications and
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Speaker 1: probate documents show Anne later describing her husband's death as
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Speaker 1: a hunting accident rather than a murder. None of the
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Speaker 1: stories can be verified. What remains is an open case
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Speaker 1: that blurs the lines between legal history, folklore, and family storytelling.
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Speaker 1: For Appalachian historians, James Herod's story refuses to resolve into
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Speaker 1: a simple heroic tale. He was a frontier ranger and
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Speaker 1: a community builder whose signature runs through land patents and
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Speaker 1: court minutes. He was also a husband and father whose
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Speaker 1: disappearance left his family to navigate both grief and the
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Speaker 1: legal complexities of an estate scattered across town. multiple counties.
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Speaker 1: That story came from the website AppalachianHistorian.org entitled The Story
14:15
Speaker 1: James Herod of Bedford, Pennsylvania, written by Alex Hall in
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Speaker 1: January of 2026. My second story today comes from KentuckyMonthly.com
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Speaker 1: entitled James Herod and Daniel Boone, Early Frontiersman, written by
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Speaker 1: Bobby Dawn Reitmeyer in November of 2021. Most people are
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Speaker 1: familiar with the frontiersman Daniel Boone, but many do not
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Speaker 1: recognize the name James Harrod. While Boone is famous for
14:45
Speaker 1: settling land in Kentucky during the mid to late 1700s
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Speaker 1: and founding Fort Boonesboro, Harrod was the founder of Harrodsburg,
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Speaker 1: the oldest permanent European heritage settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains.
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Speaker 1: Establishing Harrodsburg was a symbolic act declaring the Kentucky frontier
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Speaker 1: open for settlement. It's hard to discuss early pioneer life
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Speaker 1: without mentioning Boone. But Harrod opened Kentucky for many new
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Speaker 1: settlers and their families. While Boone is famous and has
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Speaker 1: had numerous narratives published of his early experiences, Harrod, with
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Speaker 1: little fanfare, was just as important in the early settlement process.
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Speaker 1: Harrod was essential in early land surveys the emerging court system,
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Speaker 1: and rather leading Kentucky on to statehood. Boone was born
15:39
Speaker 1: in October 1734. Herod, as we read earlier, was born
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Speaker 1: in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, but historians debate his birth year.
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Speaker 1: The closest guess is between 1742 and 1746, making it
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Speaker 1: possible that there was a 12-year age difference between Herod
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Speaker 1: and Boone. Boone was known for extensive hunting excursions in
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Speaker 1: the 1760s and 70s. At one time, he went for
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Speaker 1: nearly two years without seeing another white person except for
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Speaker 1: his brother. He spent the winter of 1769 and 70
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Speaker 1: in a small cave at Shawnee Springs in Kentucky, about
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Speaker 1: three miles from the future Harrods Town settlement. Beginning in
16:28
Speaker 1: the 1760s, Harrod made short hunting and surveying excursions into Kentucky.
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Speaker 1: It was on a surveying expedition in 1773 when Harrod
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Speaker 1: first discovered the Great Meadow, the Native American's name for
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Speaker 1: the bluegrass region. Harrod returned to Kentucky in 1774 and
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Speaker 1: established Harrod's Town. This stay was brief, due in part
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Speaker 1: to the Battle of Point Pleasant and numerous Native American attacks.
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Speaker 1: Herod returned to Kentucky to stay in 1775. As Herod
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Speaker 1: built his new town in Kentucky, a fresh American nation emerged.
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Speaker 1: The country wanted a hero who represented the common man,
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Speaker 1: and Boone became that symbol, standing for those who had
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Speaker 1: risked their lives to settle in Kentucky. In this way,
17:18
Speaker 1: his fame extended to all of them. John Filson told Boone,
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Speaker 1: Boone's story in a first book written about Kentucky. The Discovery, Settlement,
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Speaker 1: and Present State of Kentucky, 1784. This made Boone world famous,
17:39
Speaker 1: while leaders such as Herod, Simon Kenton, and Benjamin Logan
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Speaker 1: received little attention. Later, people used Filson's book to write
17:47
Speaker 1: their own accounts of Boone's life. According to Filson, Boone
17:51
Speaker 1: was born into a Quaker family in Pennsylvania. Although the
17:56
Speaker 1: Quakers believed people should live in peace, Boone would end
17:59
Speaker 1: up playing a big part in a violent time in history.
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Speaker 1: He never went to school, but his son said Boone
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Speaker 1: could read, spell, and write a little. He was well-versed
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Speaker 1: in the lessons of the woods. When Boone was 21,
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Speaker 1: he married 17-year-old Rebecca Bryan. No likeness of Of her exists,
18:22
Speaker 1: but people described her as tall and buxom, with jet
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Speaker 1: black hair and dark eyes. She had four children by
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Speaker 1: the age of 20 and ten overall. When Boone left
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Speaker 1: on his long hunting trips, Rebecca tended the crops and
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Speaker 1: kept the family going. She probably never learned to read
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Speaker 1: or write. Her efforts allowed Boone to travel to Kentucky
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Speaker 1: to hunt and procure furs. He wore his long hair
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Speaker 1: in American Indian style braids and dressed much like the
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Speaker 1: Native Americans did. Once, in the 1760s, he spent months
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Speaker 1: alone in Kentucky, perhaps the only person of European descent
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Speaker 1: in the whole area. When a friend asked him if
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Speaker 1: he'd ever gotten lost, Boone answered that he had not,
19:14
Speaker 1: but admitted that he once had been, quote, pretty confused,
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Speaker 1: end quote, for several days. Another time, Some so-called long hunters,
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Speaker 1: in search of furs, heard a strange sound, and when
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Speaker 1: they investigated, they found Boone lying on his back in
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Speaker 1: the middle of a field, singing loudly. Boone loved nature
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Speaker 1: and the openness of Kentucky. By 1754, Herod, already a
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Speaker 1: skilled woodsman, was adept at hunting, trapping, and fishing. His
19:48
Speaker 1: skill with a rifle, in particular, was particularly noteworthy. He
19:54
Speaker 1: began his long military career by serving as a ranger
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Speaker 1: and guard, and then as a commissioned officer. Herod was
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Speaker 1: an excellent marksman and had a love for hunting. In
20:04
Speaker 1: mid-February of 1778, Herod married the widow Anne Colburn MacDonald,
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Speaker 1: and became the stepfather of two-year-old James MacDonald. Unlike Rebecca Boone,
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Speaker 1: Anne was seemingly too cultured to fit into the rough
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Speaker 1: environment in which she lived. She was dainty, beautiful, and educated.
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Speaker 1: She came to Kentucky in 1776 with her first husband,
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Speaker 1: James MacDonald, who was killed by Indians in the same
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Speaker 1: year at Drennan's Lick, located in Kentucky's Henry County. In
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Speaker 1: late 1777, Anne's father, with whom she lived at Logan Station,
20:42
Speaker 1: eventually to become the town of Stanton, Kentucky, was also
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Speaker 1: killed and scalped by natives while picking corn between Logan's
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Speaker 1: and Herod's fort. Boone and Herod both started forts in
20:54
Speaker 1: Kentucky in 1775. Each originally chose building sites that were
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Speaker 1: inadequate and had to choose different sites for their forts.
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Speaker 1: Herod's original site in 1774 was not technically a fort,
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Speaker 1: and was built within yards of the Big Spring. When
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Speaker 1: his company returned in 1775 after Dunmore's war, the huts
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Speaker 1: and land had been flooded. So Herod chose a new
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Speaker 1: site on higher ground. Herod's first building site in 1774
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Speaker 1: was only five or six log huts enclosed with large
21:29
Speaker 1: hoop poles or sapling trees. They were sharpened at the top,
21:33
Speaker 1: and the base was firmly set in a trench that
21:36
Speaker 1: was opened around the cabins. The poles were securely fastened
21:40
Speaker 1: together with hickory bark woven between the poles, making a
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Speaker 1: stockade seven, eight feet high. This frail protection afforded the
21:50
Speaker 1: men minimal security against prowling bears and Native Americans. When
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Speaker 1: Harrods Company returned in 1775, they built more cabins a
22:00
Speaker 1: few hundred feet from the Big Spring on present-day East
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Speaker 1: Street in Harrodsburg, where they lived while the fort was
22:07
Speaker 1: being built. Boone and his men reached the banks of
22:11
Speaker 1: the Kentucky River on April 1, 1775 and lost no
22:14
Speaker 1: time in clearing the land and anticipating of erecting a fort.
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Speaker 1: It would be only 22 miles from Herod's town, as
22:22
Speaker 1: the crow flies. Boone built his cabin on the west
22:25
Speaker 1: bank of a little stream that flows into Kentucky about
22:29
Speaker 1: a half mile below Otter Creek. However, Boone's partner, Richard Henderson,
22:34
Speaker 1: found this site undefendable. and they decided to build a
22:38
Speaker 1: fort farther to the east, some 300 yards away. About
22:42
Speaker 1: three weeks later, the fort was underway, and building lots
22:45
Speaker 1: had been laid off for the men. Boone decided to
22:50
Speaker 1: build the town in a narrow valley that lay along
22:53
Speaker 1: the banks of the Kentucky River, which had high cliff
22:56
Speaker 1: palisades on the northern banks. Settlers soon realized that from
23:00
Speaker 1: these summits, a rifleman could control any part of the
23:04
Speaker 1: valley across the river. Both banks of the river were
23:08
Speaker 1: thickly screened by trees, and these were never cut, even
23:11
Speaker 1: though they provided an easy approach to the fort. On
23:15
Speaker 1: the south side, lofty hills ascended close to the fort,
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Speaker 1: making it a security risk. On all sides, the fort
23:22
Speaker 1: lay exposed to any enemy of determination and skill. Both
23:27
Speaker 1: Boone and Herod spent time among the natives, but there
23:30
Speaker 1: was a big difference. Boone was held prisoner by them
23:33
Speaker 1: several times. and although he grew to know his captors
23:37
Speaker 1: and become accepted as a friend, he was still a captive. Herod,
23:41
Speaker 1: on the other hand, showed kindness and was helpful to
23:44
Speaker 1: the Native Americans. He freely spent time with them, learning
23:48
Speaker 1: their customs and becoming their friend. In 1772, during his
23:53
Speaker 1: earlier excursions into the New Frontier, Herod followed the north
23:59
Speaker 1: bank of the Ohio River and became acquainted with the Delaware.
24:04
Speaker 1: He shared their huts and food, went on a hunting
24:07
Speaker 1: trip into Kentucky. Boone was wounded sometime after the siege
24:12
Speaker 1: of Boonesboro in 1778 and captured by Chief Blackfish. He
24:18
Speaker 1: survived his wounds and later the Shawnee chief would adopt
24:22
Speaker 1: Boone as a son. Harrod never had a serious injury
24:25
Speaker 1: from a Native American attack, but he suffered broken legs
24:29
Speaker 1: at two separate times attributed to the fact that he
24:33
Speaker 1: liked to hunt on horseback. One of the saddest comparisons
24:36
Speaker 1: between Herod and Boone is their children. While Boone had
24:40
Speaker 1: many children, Herod had only one daughter and a stepson
24:43
Speaker 1: whom he loved as his own. Boone lost a son, Jamie,
24:47
Speaker 1: to a Native American attack when the boy was in
24:49
Speaker 1: his late teens. Herod lost his stepson, James, to an
24:54
Speaker 1: Indian attack. The boy was only 12 when the natives
24:58
Speaker 1: burned him alive near Herod's station. There have been questions
25:03
Speaker 1: about the paternity of Margaret Harrod, James Harrod's only biological child.
25:09
Speaker 1: Some believe she was not his child. The manager of
25:13
Speaker 1: Harrod's station often was seen around the cabin. The man's
25:18
Speaker 1: name was Mahan, and he had red hair just like Margaret.
25:23
Speaker 1: Harrod's hair was black. One pioneer, Colonel Nathaniel Hart, said
25:30
Speaker 1: Anne had acknowledged to him that James was not Margaret's father. However,
25:35
Speaker 1: Herod never made mention of this, and he was as
25:38
Speaker 1: devoted to her as he was to his stepson. Robert
25:44
Speaker 1: Morgan's biography of Boone states that according to legend, when
25:50
Speaker 1: Boone was away from home for two years, Rebecca gave
25:55
Speaker 1: birth to a daughter named Jemima, Historian Lyman Draper said
26:04
Speaker 1: that Rebecca, quote, believing Boone was dead, had a relationship
26:09
Speaker 1: with his brother, Edward Ned Boone, and her husband accepted
26:15
Speaker 1: the daughter as if she were his, end quote. In
26:22
Speaker 1: February of 1792, Herod mysteriously disappeared while on a hunting trip.
26:32
Speaker 1: As we've read before, he was declared dead after a
26:37
Speaker 1: year and his will probated in favor of his widow
26:42
Speaker 1: and daughter. And again, as we've read earlier, there are
26:51
Speaker 1: several more theories as to Herod's disappearance. Not long after
27:01
Speaker 1: Herod vanished, Boone left Kentucky for the frontier of Missouri.
27:10
Speaker 1: He continued to be an American frontiersman for almost 30
27:15
Speaker 1: years after Herod's death. Well, I guess it's time to
27:26
Speaker 1: wrap it up one more time for Radio Eye History.
27:29
Speaker 1: I sure hope you enjoyed this little story about the
27:35
Speaker 1: unknown James Herod and a little bit of Kentucky history.
27:40
Speaker 1: I'm your host, Joseph Bolt, and I'll be back next
27:43
Speaker 1: time with another chapter of Radio Eye History. Until then,
27:51
Speaker 1: happy trails to you.