Latest / The Electrical Show / Thomas Nagy and Paul Meenan look into diverted neutrals in 2023

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Thomas Nagy and Paul Meenan look into diverted neutrals in 2023 · The Electrical Show

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The Electrical Show with Thomas naji sponsored by Boss Professional Powerful Power Tools, measuring
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tools and Experts Accessories. Right, Welcome to the Electrical Show. I'm Thomas
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Najie with Paul Meanan and on today's show we are going to be talking about
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diverted neutrals. Now, if you've been following this on social media and the
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liking load that this was, it was recently discussed in Parliament as it was
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worn that the instance which sort of surround diverted neutrals, they're saying it's going
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to increase around eightfold. So it's a massive problem on the back burner and
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it's sort of slowly becoming the front burner problem. It's really an issue,
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and there's been incidents already. There's a house fire in Birmingham last year,
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and there's fears that like gas meters can become sort of deadly devices with diverted
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neutral currents flowing through gas pipes and meters in our street and all the rest
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of it. So Paul and myself today Hello Paul. By the way,
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hello, I noticed we're both wearing great sexy great shirt. They actually we
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were quite fashionable. We do, yes, we do. Sorry, looking
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very trim actually on the Verio machine in the gym. Now, gymm,
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I've been trigging through Germany. That's a whole nother story that could take a
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whole show. We need a fixed radio after hours. I think that'd be
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an awesome podcast. My misery in Germany last week to tell us about it?
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What now? Yes, the whole nation a bridge. So I went
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to Germany last week for work to look at a brand new type of lift.
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I got to Heathrow at seven am. Flight was eleven. I got
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bumped. I got to Germany at half ten. I had to sleep on
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the floor of Frankfurt Airport. I had to wait till nine am to get
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my higher car to drive two hundred miles to a hotel. Lost your luggage
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as well? I lost my luggage. I had to get to a hotel
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that was following Nice Mark, which appeared at first to be some sort of
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weird swingers resort, but luckily I was the only one there. I then
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got to the factory to have the mickey taken out of me for wearing the
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same clothes for two days. Then had to go and buy clothes, which,
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unfortunately, due to my fashion sense, didn't really fit very well,
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then spent a week doing twelve hours and building this lift and doing the assurance
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for it, to realize that most of the restaurants shut at nine o'clock so
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didn't eat very well. And then when I was leaving, they then asked
2:13
me to pay for everything, including flights, and basically I ended up with
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this massive bill and lost luggage. It was hell on Earth Oho. Then
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you got back to Heathrow where your luggage was still waiting for you. Yes,
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yes, so your luggage never left the UK four hour weight, yes,
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and lots of insistence and politeness, but it was an experience. For
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some reason, every time I go abroad to work it turns into some mad,
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stupid story of misery and woe and spending eight hours on a marble floor
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in an airport in a country where you can't speak the language ain't fun.
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Wow, we're moving a laugh at my misery. Ever, a one at
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work has fixed radio time to crack on. Hi. I'm Thomas Nagie with
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Paul Meanan here on the Electrical Show. And if you just tuned in,
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don't worry relax. We are just started and we're talking about diverted neutrals Now,
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obviously it's a topic people keep on hearing it, and so we're going
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to sort of just quickly clarify the ins and outs of what actually diverted neutrals
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is. So I'll do my best to explain how I see it, and
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then Paul is going to pull my pands down and correct me and say it's
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completely wrong, and then he'll tell you all naturally. So my understanding is
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that let's take a TNCs system, so you have it's actually quite interesting.
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Actually, I sort of come up with my own question right just when I'm
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thinking about this. You have your supply cable which comes in and the TNCs
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system. As far as I'm sort of aware of it, the cable itself
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has strategically placed earth rods kind of all the way back to the transformer.
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Yes, and if the neutral and earth break before that first rod, then
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you've got a divert in neutral problem because the power comes in, but it
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can't go out that way, so it basically turns around, it goes back
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into the home. So trying to find a path anywhere it can possibly go,
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yeah, a little bit more complex than that, but yeah, I
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mean, the multiple earthing in theory should help mitigate any step voltage is or
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any issues that could arise to danger if the cables are multiplely earthed. Because
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in college we were always taught oh yeah, every fifteen or thirty meters or
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at a joint or at the substation, it's earthed. I've only recently,
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in the last few years, started to see them chucking in copper rods when
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they're doing joints, chucking them into the pit, not driving them into the
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ground, and then just compacting them back. And I know from conversations with
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guys who work at DNO's there was a big whoh over they should have been
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at every joint putting in an electrode and weren't. But it's basically between the
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house and the first rod, the first earthing point, because if it happened
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after the first earthing point, there'd still be at There's still be a part
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I mean a joint. Yeah, No, it's it's it's it's kind of
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let's take you back. So divert neutral current is I'm just trying to explain
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it for the listener as well. So diverting neutral current is where current that
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originates not from your installation but from the network. So the DNO or the
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Dso the people who supper electricity when their life goes into a building and comes
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out as a neutral, and it should all work beautifully in this wonderful utopia.
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When something goes wrong, like a cable being over seventy five years old
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and a joint fails, that neutral has got nowhere to go. So what
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it will do is it will then, rather than coming back through your house,
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it will look for alternative paths. The inherent danger in linking the neutral
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and earth because in theory it's a great system, But when the neutral and
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earth fails further up the line, then your earth will then be effectively,
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I'm going to use a phraser contaminated with neutral current, so there's no real
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difference between your neutral or earth. You could actually consider earthing to be a
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line conductor, which is a whole head mess in itself, because we weren't
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all that in college. And it will divert through your installation. Now it
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can go either way. It can be imported or exported, so you can
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have energy come up up your gas meter from somewhere further down the road and
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through your earth bar and in through your cable, because somewhere along the line
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there's a break in the cable, or it could be exported from your installation
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the other way, so it can go in multiple directions. There is easy
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ways of checking of this, and yes, the industry is in a journey
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of just trying to get a head around it, because again I wasn't taught
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this in college. Most of my peers weren't taught this. I've been on
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a journey now for probably about four years learning this because well, actually no
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longer than that. It's about six years now, sorry, And it is
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a bit of a mind melter, which is why on the podcast that I
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did on YouTube, I tried to visually show it for electricians. And it
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all goes back to the seventies when someone said, let's not put a three
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phase and neutral cable in. Let's just put a three phase and this concentric
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cable in which combines the earth and neutral. Wonderful for saving money. Not
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necessarily a good idea because forty years later, which is the life expectancy of
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that cable, but yeah, then the dn os are not rushing to replace
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the entire electricity network, especially the LV side, because it will cost hundreds
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of billions of pounds it was installed over the last hundred years. You think
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about it, the electricity network has never been on anyone's radar until now,
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and when it does get mentioned at a strategic funding level, it gets kicked
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into the next parliamentary funding cycle, so it never gets done. But we're
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at that point now where the statistics are showing there is a growing problem to
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the point where it's not a rare phenomenon. Electricians now need to be aware
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of it and it needs to become part of our toolbox of safety checks.
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So basically, the can has been kicked down the road as far as it
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can. It's sort of getting to the point now someone's going to start picking
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it up and it's now being thrown over the Elvy Electricians fence. In years
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there was a little dig there wasn't that. I'm happy to a certain opinion.
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What would you like to see the government do about this? Because ultimately
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this is going to boil down to sort of a government issue, isn't it.
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The size of it is going to be very Simply, I would love
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to see the electricity networks renationalized. I would like a very sensible discussion to
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be had because I know from freedom of information requests and engaging with networks that
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I believe uk PAN networks only monitor twelve percent of their LV network, which
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means they can put, let's say, out of a substation a thousand amp
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circuit, but only twelve percent of those thousand amp circuits are actually monitored,
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so they don't actually know what's coming back, which is quite scary. So
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if you have a let's say you've got a thousand amps going out and circuit
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into a street, in theory you get a thousand amps coming back potentially okay,
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But let's say you're monitoring a substation, you get three hundred amps back.
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We've lost seven hundred amps somewhere. It's diverting somewhere else. That's actually
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if you actually sit and think about that, that's it's going wherever it wants.
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That's how electricity works. We are masters of the PBC prisons, as
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most electricians call themselves if they're scientists. But yeah, it's a growing problem
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and it's not out scaremong grid you shoot. This is about raising the issue
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and educating electricians so that they are prepared to be able to confidently deal with
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it because in the next few years this is going to come up more and
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more and more. What are we doing to the network. We've spent over
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a decade decreasing the load with LED and all this energy efficiency to make lots
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of space for EV chargers, solar PV, and we know from a document
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called G five to five that the power quality of the networks is getting far.
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I'm going to use the word dirty because years ago the electricity network was
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linear, it was generated and transmitted. Now you've got a solar farm down
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the road from you pumping in all of this rectified staff which is trying to
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harmonize with the waveform of the network, while the wave form of the network's
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changing based on demand. So it's absolute carnage at the moment. Trying to
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synchronize all these remote generators, henceforth, smart meters is part of the solution.
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The Electrical Show on fixed radio. You're listening to the Electrical Show with
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Bosch Professional and Thomas Naji and we've got all mean and here and we're talking
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about diverted neutrals. Now, what could be a good sort of strategy for
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addressing this because it's it's actually it's a colossal issue which is not going to
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It's not going to go away. I think the phrase keep calm and carry
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on, it's the first thing I would say. I think there's a lot
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of people who've probably said secretly in their little groups or sensationalizing E five misdemean
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and Nope. I'm just trying to highlight an issue that has, as you're
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well aware, has affected me massively on my little slice of the world,
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and it's raised a bigger issue on railways. The railways do suffer from divert
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neutrals, but we get it even worse. We get bidirectional neutral currents,
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so we get traction power from the tracks which go into the DN O and
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we get the D and O power going into the tracks, so you get
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literally divert neutral from both directions. It's a mental phenomena. I've spent years
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and a lot of money researching it and trying to understand it to make sure
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my electricians are as safe as they can be. How about well detection of
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it. So like your average spark when he goes into a house or something,
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what's the easiest way that they can or what can they do to try
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to detect it? So the it you published a bit on the back of
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guidance Note three, which is a little section identifyed of neutrals, but put
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even simpler. Go out and buy yourself an earth leakage meter. It doesn't
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have to be expensive. You can get them for like between twenty and forty
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quid. I actually recommend three of them, and the reason I recommend three
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of them is so that you can greater understand the issue. So what I
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normally do is I've actually put it on my Instagram is a I took a
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picture at home. So if you put your clamp meat around your line and
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neutral your meter tails, you will then record your installation leakage. So that's
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the leakage that's coming from your installation, the imbalance between your life and neutral.
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So if you clap that around your tails, you know what losses you've
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got from inside your fixed wiring in your appliances. That's good to know because
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that then allows you to inform whether there's RCD issues, fault finding, etc.
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Again, get another one, put it on your earth in conductor,
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and that in theory should tell it should match what your installation leakage is.
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But most people when they do that, they find it's different. Well,
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that then leads you to inquire, well, what else is going on?
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So then you get another earth a leakage metup and you put it around the
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sheaf of the main cable and that will give you something called net current,
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and net current is basically power that should not be there. It's not in
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the internal cause, but it's flowing through the outer sheaf. If you've then
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got three different readings, you can then because I've got about eight clamp meters,
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I'll be honest with you, you can then literally start clamping onto different
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bonds and you can visually see where power where it's going he's going to.
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And I was on one job where we had a house and this is about
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six months ago, and we found that we had nine amps coming on the
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gas maine, literally nine amps on the gas mane that was coming through into
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So the installation was a three phase installation, was leaking about three hundred million
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amps, perfectly normal for what all the connected loads were. But the gas
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main was imported in nine amps, so we had like nine point three amps
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on the earth in conductor coming in through No just coming from the gas meter
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are into the main earth terminal and then off via the lead sheet of the
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cable. So by looking at the one around the main cable, you could
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see three hundred million amps nine amps nine point three. You can see where
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it's coming from. That's bizarre when you think actually and you multiply that issue
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by how many. The hard bit is is it fluctuates. It's not a
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constant science because your next door neighbor switching on the load can actually affect that
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reading. And this is one of the things I found when I went to
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see a guy in Bristol. We were actually measuring stuff and the loads were
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fluctuating. Because diverting neutral all depends on what the network conditions are, the
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state of the cabling, the loads on the cabling. It's not a perfect
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science. I'm actually trying to write a book on a guidance note at the
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moment on it under my electrical Safety around table guys, and I'm trying to
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I'm trying to Janet and John it so that people like me, the poor
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electrician of the world, can visually go I get that because some of the
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documents I've read on it, it's they're overly complicated and it don't get me
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wrongly is but identifying the fundamental problem shouldn't be just get a clamped meet up
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and if you're inquisitive enough, you're going to go something's wrong. I may
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not know, but you can then at least issue a danger of notification ring
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up one oh five, which is a D and O number, and then
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discharge your duty onto them to go out and fix it and do stuff.
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And I have seen some comedic responses to honess of you go on share one.
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Okay, So I was. There's a guy on Instagram called Pegasust electrical
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lovely man called Eddie Clements, wonderful human being. He does a lot for
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the industries. Great guy. And he was at a church doing a new
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boiler room. That's what he does, builds his own panels, does all
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boiler replacements. And he said to me, Paul, I've got a phonolic
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issue and I've got diverted neutrals. And this was on good Friday, so
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no one was working. So I went down to this church and I was
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like, great, I can see it. I did some testing and we
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wrung the dno. Dno. I hadn't got a clue. So they've got
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a digger out started digging a hole side the church, put four earth rods
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in strapped it to the cable, went near, go, we've lowered the
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impedance. That should be fine, and I was like, yeah, great,
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you've half the diverted neutral. Do you want to solve the problem?
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I ee, there's a neutral problem and they were like, uh, we
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don't really have no house. I'm not joking. I had to show them
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the diagrams that I'd written and used on podcasts. One bloke went, oh,
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I get that. And then I did wander lead testing and all I
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did was a connected onto the earth terminal, got one hundred meters wonder lead,
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and I went round to every fence panel and all the glighting columns,
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and I found at the furthest fence panel there was a huge jump in resistance.
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So I said, guys, let's look at this fence on the other
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side. There was all mud. We walked round and some local went,
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oh, you're back again, are you? And the guys went, what
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do you mean you were digging it up two days ago to put a new
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pass fly in. Long story short, they'd done an illegal joint for a
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drug farm across the road from the church. Yes, across the road from
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the church. I don't know if I should name the location, but it
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was an illegal drug farm, so they disconnected it and when they opened up
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the joint, they found the neutral was completely butchered and that was what I
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was causing it. So that was a really positive day and I learned loads,
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Eddy learned loads. The guys in the network learns. In fact,
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one their t was offered me a job and I was like, love to
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but paying the money, and networks aren't great payers. So the actually talking
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about networks, the age of the cabling in itself is going to become In
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fact, it is already an issue. I mean the actual age of it.
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I mean, how how is all of that going to be replaced?
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If you actually think of the when you think of the UK as a whole,
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I mean that's a phenomenal. I mean that's the size of that job.
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To do that, and you think the majority of it is what seventy
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seventy is very difficult when you've got privatization years ago, when the national grid
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started from like the thirties onward and they started doing bigger wiring. You have
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to look at our cabling now as basically approaching a century old. When did
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they privatize that. It's about nineteen thirty odd when the national grid was formed,
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because when electricity first got going in people's houses, it was around the
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eighteen eighties and they had that was when the first edition of the wine riggs
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came out. But you didn't have a D and O supply, you were
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a generator in the house, and it was only for rich people. It
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was only when they started to lay cabling for street lighting, which is where
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it first started. That was connected obviously to a generator or a substation.
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And then they went national in the thirties, so you could easily say that
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the cabling, I mean, I know the cabling to my house is well
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over seventy years old. It's an old lead pilk cable. Now what's happened,
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which, in the best intent to keep power on was a good thing
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but also a bad thing. In the seventies, they knew the networks were
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failing, so they introduced this CNE configured cable where the neutral and earth are
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combined, and that's your TNCs. So that's when TNCs started in the seventies.
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And TNC is the descriptive for before your installation, so combine neutral on
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earth before and then the S bit is when you go into the house,
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you separate the neutral on earth. Because you're not allowed neutral earth combined in
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a house. Why would you allow it in the street. Because they're supposed
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to be earthed at multiple occations, but they're not because sometimes people might lash
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stuff in in a substandard way. We have been the guardians of this because
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ironically, and if you don't mind me saying this, in amendment to of
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the Wine regulations, they introduced this X code. So for any electrician who
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looks at the intake, any issue you see, just put it as an
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X. It's not your problem. Don't fail the installation. So okay,
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So you're kind of saying that DNO equipment is exempt one one oh two.
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DNO equipment's exempt, and we've got to put an X code. So why
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are we doing Z testing? Why are we now checking for diverted neutral currents?
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It is an interesting quandary, isn't it, Because we're the guardians for
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this stuff, and what I'm finding is like bonding conductors. The bonding conductor
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sizing used to be in the Electricity Supply regulations, and then when ESQCR came
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out and it all got rewritten, somebody threw it into the wine rix Committee
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and the winer Ings Committee said yet we'll have it, so it went into
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the wine rings. But it didn't used to be. It used to be
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in the network conditions. I mean in London. Bit a top tip for
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you years ago, the old London Electricity Board PME guide, which is the
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descriptive for CNY too many terms. It used to require a minimum of a
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sixteen meal earth bond. Why because if you had a failed neutral it was
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sized adequately to take the neutral conductor current. But we seem to lose all
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that. Not I've got copies if anyone wants some. INMPDIAF. I've got
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all the old DNO stand and it's just a found set of knowledge. Do
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I do have all of the DNO standards, And yes, they probably hate
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me for it, but I'm just trying to be a decent human being and
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a good engineer in raising this. I don't profit from any of this,
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and yes I get a lot of flak for it, but I'm just asking
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questions as you also love the flack as well. Don't deny it. No,
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I hate it. I hate it. I absolutely hate it. But
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let's come back to wrap this chat up after more music here on Fixed Radio,
19:41
the Builder station Fix Radio. This is the Electrical show. I'm Thomas
19:47
Naji with Paul Mehanan here and we've been discussing. Do I mean say,
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we've been discussing. I started it, He finished it, infa, I
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started it. He did the mid section of the end section. Sorry.
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Yeah, all I did was describe my terminology of how I think it is.
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We actually think million miles off the mark? Just six out of ten,
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six out of ten. I've never liked you anyway. Question is there
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a disconnect between the capacity? Six out of ten? Serious? Yeah?
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Come on, all right? Seven generally right, that's the Is there a
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disconnect between the Why seven? I was going on because I said that basically,
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then the principle of TNCs. We'll get back to the show in a
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minute. The principle of TNCs is that you have a cable coming in and
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that there were strategic earth points all the way about to transform. That is
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fundamentally correct. Allegedly. Yeah, but that if you if you look in
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the book, that is strategic. That is how correct. It may not
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be like that in reality. I used to work for a diner. Remember
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they didn't bother in a lot of cases they just didn't or the fundamental principle
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is yesterday. Yeah, that's why you got That's why I'm giving you a
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seven. Now, just you're arguing, can we get back to the point.
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Sorry, everybody the capacity of houses and the network they're connected to.
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So there's going to be another issue there because I mean, homes are flying
21:07
a homes are flying up at a rate of knots. I mean, cookie
21:11
cutter houses are just I call them cookie cutter houses. I mean they're absolutely
21:14
everywhere. Now you see a piece of green belt land that I could never
21:17
build on that suddenly there's a thousand homes on it. So it's what's your
21:22
I guess observations in regard to that, because all these things are amplifying it,
21:26
and all new homes now need an EV charger, so you've got I
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don't know, it just seems well, no, they're dealing with that.
21:32
So it's really simple if you connect into the HV network, which is heavily
21:34
invested in. Because the HV network, your failure that impacts hundreds of thousands
21:40
of not millions of people. So when you're building new estates, there's always
21:42
a requirement to put a new substation in brand new h tree feeds, and
21:47
then obviously the developer has to put brand new feeds into the houses and comply
21:51
apart s put EV charges in. So on new developments, it's all built
21:53
in and it's connected network. The challenge is in the existing houses. I
21:57
mean, I'm lucky I've got undred out supply to my house, but I
22:02
know from recent link box fires in the street that anywhere within like five or
22:07
six streets of my house, they're refusing any more fuse upgrades at all.
22:11
Even PV connections are now being heavily questioned because if you think about one hundred
22:17
amp supplying to the house and you're potentially generating another thirty or forty amps,
22:21
there's a lot that cable industry is only rated for so much. And this
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is the whole we discussed in our presumer debate, where if you've got battery
22:29
storage and generation in every house and that old cable, something's going to give.
22:33
And that's why smart meters are actually key to monitoring and switching stuff out
22:37
to prevent that main cable from tripping. But new builds is never a problem
22:41
existing it's an aged infrastructure. Ironically, when I was in Germany. I
22:45
was speaking to electricians there, as you do, and the guy was telling
22:48
me that they only allow thirty five amps supply to a house. I was
22:52
like, how do you do that? And he just went, well,
22:55
selectivity, we just have masses. Their intakes are ridiculous, about seven or
23:00
eight different boards of monitoring and metering and load demand switching and all sorts.
23:04
And I was just like that, thirty five am five am to a house.
23:07
I did a power quality assessment on my house and the average load is
23:11
four point six amps. But how does that work? Then? If they
23:15
we're not using that much energy anymore? You think about it everything now,
23:18
my lighting circuit sixty watts. I mean that's true. Yeah, I get
23:23
that bit. But what if you've got an electric shower or something. Yeah,
23:26
but you'll only be using that for so much time. You're not gonna
23:29
running the electric cooker and the electric shower and charging your car because then you
23:32
can get load catailment and all that jazz. The Germans evidently got it now,
23:36
because I was absolutely blown away with the stuff this guy was telling me.
23:41
Yeah, but yeah, all right, what can sparks do to stay
23:45
vigilant with this? Because it's something that they're going to need to be vigilant.
23:48
More and more about clamp meter. Get yourself one. Doesn't have to
23:52
be expensive, doesn't have to be a major brand. Just get yourself a
23:55
clamp meter and make sure your safe things will work include it. I have
23:59
a rule on my railway where the guys must wear class two insulated gauntlets and
24:04
class two rubber matting in the switch rooms. Nobody is allowed into them and
24:08
no disconnections during the day of any Earth in cables. That's what I do
24:12
on the railways. In domestic homes, let's be perfect, Frank. We've
24:17
all done boards where we've gone into the board and it has been on.
24:19
It's not lie about it. We have worked live. When you're doing live
24:23
testing, you do work live. And occasionally I have disconnected a wire from
24:29
an earth terminal and I've seen a little spark. I've done them under control
24:32
conditions where you know, I've been standing on a mat or something like that
24:36
using insulated tools, and you will see arcs and sparks. And if you're
24:38
seeing that, then check to see if there's a current or volts there.
24:41
Just to be clear that most of this diverted neutral stuff doesn't have voltage behind
24:45
it. It's just purely energy, very very minor voltage. If there was
24:51
a fault on the network, that's when the voltage rises. Okay, disconnected
24:55
neutral in total is when the voltage could go up to two thirty four hundred
24:59
volts. I have always called diverting neutral current as a precursor to a fully
25:03
broken neutral But what about things I foundation earthing? Can that cover it up?
25:08
It masks And that's what the DNO do a lot. They go out
25:11
put loads of electrodes in around the cable to try and reduce the impedance,
25:15
to give somewhere for that neutral nerth to dissipate. But it's not great.
25:18
When you read all the guidance about where people are teteeing supplies and putting in
25:22
electrodes, you can actually introduce energy through your electrode into the installation. So
25:29
it's I have a furious anger with the current recommendation for an additional electrode one
25:36
because I know it's probably going to be the way we go in the future.
25:41
But also I feel like the DNO are throwing their mess over our fence
25:45
and we shouldn't be paying for it, And as taxpayers. How many times
25:48
do we have to pay for errors or problems in society? It's a fair
25:53
point. The electrical show on fixed radio that ladies and gentlemen? Is it?
25:59
For today's electrical show with Bosh Professional Now on on our crips sheet here
26:03
Mark because he does a little sort of sort of sketch of things we can
26:07
talk about and discuss some pointers and he always puts AOB. Now AOB is
26:11
traditionally any other business, but it's weird because every time I look at it,
26:15
it also stands for area of outstanding beauty. If you look on a
26:18
map, and every time I look at it, I think area of us
26:22
stand beauty. What are you on about, oh, any other business?
26:25
Yeah, yeah, I don't know if I can exceed your expectations for area
26:29
of outstanding beauty. But just a couple of stats. So for everyone listening
26:33
about diverting neutral current again, there's no need to panic. There is more
26:36
guidance that will be published in due time. There are various parties in the
26:41
industry who are doing their best to do training at live events, like the
26:45
CEF Live team and various nap it team. There's lots of people now talking
26:48
about this, so it's only a good thing. Just wanted to leave you
26:51
with a stat So following a what's the website called I will remember it?
26:59
If you basically to type in my name and freedom of information request, you
27:02
can see all the fwis I've done for yourself. But in two thousand and
27:06
three, there were fifty seven broken pens in the network. So the network
27:10
you're looking at, what thirty odd years old, so still with in its
27:12
life fifty seven. Okay, fast forward to twenty twenty one. So in
27:18
additional twenty years to pass the forty year life, four hundred and seventy four
27:22
broken pens resulting in injury. So that's more than one a day. And
27:27
now that's basically around roughly eight times an increase. So if you take that
27:33
eight time increase over eighteen years, it leads to, let's say, in
27:38
another eighteen years, it will lead to sixty eight thousand, two hundred and
27:45
fifty six broken pens in eighteen years time. Wow, if that trend keeps
27:51
continuing. Now I'm not saying it will, but let's just talk of an
27:56
opinion piece, a bit of common sense. It won't get to that.
28:00
You just need to start looking for it and reporting it and stay safe.
28:03
And that's my bit for the end. Oh and sorry. John Ward has
28:07
done an excellent video on YouTube. He's doing a series one where he introduces
28:12
the subject in his unique way and he's built his own rig apply wood at
28:17
home and it's a phenomenal piece of educational content. There's more to come,
28:21
so please go and watch that on YouTube. John Ward, thank you listen.
28:25
All of the previous shows are available by searching the Electrical Show wherever you
28:30
get your podcasts from. Now, if you want to access competitions news and
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you'd like to have your say, then you can sign up to the Electrical
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Show newsletter. You can do that by going to fix Radio dot co dot
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