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40 - Canada- The Empire of the North by Agnes C. Laut · Canada- The Empire of the North

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  Speaker 1: Section number thirty nine of Canada The Empire of the North.
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  Speaker 1: This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in
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  Speaker 1: the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please
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  Speaker 1: visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by Lyndamree Nielsen, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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  Speaker 1: The Empire of the North by Agnes C. Lot from
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  Speaker 1: eighteen twelve to eighteen twenty part six. Ever since Brock
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  Speaker 1: had captured Detroit in eighteen twelve, General Proctor, with twenty
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  Speaker 1: five hundred Canadians, had been holding the western part of Ontario,
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  Speaker 1: and the defeat of the English at Fort George had
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  Speaker 1: placed him in a desperate position. His men had been
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  Speaker 1: without pay for months, their clothes were in tatters, and
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  Speaker 1: now with the Americans in possess session of Niagara region,
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  Speaker 1: there was danger of Proctor's food supply being cut off.
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  Speaker 1: Proctor himself had not been idle these six months. In fact,
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  Speaker 1: he had been too active for the good of his supplies.
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  Speaker 1: Space forbids a detailed account of the raids directed by
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  Speaker 1: him and carried out with the aid of Tacumpchi, the
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  Speaker 1: Great Shawnee Chief. January of eighteen thirteen saw a detachment
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  Speaker 1: of Procter's men up Raisin River west of Detroit, where
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  Speaker 1: they defeated General Winchester and captured nearly five hundred prisoners
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  Speaker 1: to be set free on Parole Harrison, the American general
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  Speaker 1: is on his way to Lake Erie to rescue Detroit.
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  Speaker 1: Proctor hastens in May to meet him with one thousand
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  Speaker 1: Canadians and fifteen hundred Indians. The clash takes place at
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  Speaker 1: a barricade known as Fort Miggs on Mammie River south
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  Speaker 1: of Lake Erie, when again by the aid of Tacumpschi,
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  Speaker 1: Procter captures four hundred and fifty prisoners. It was on
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  Speaker 1: this occasion that the Indians broke from control and tomahawked
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  Speaker 1: forty defenseless American prisoners. August sees Proctor raiding Sandusky, but
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  Speaker 1: the Americans refuse to come out and battle, and the
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  Speaker 1: axes of the Canadians are too dull to cut down
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  Speaker 1: the ironwood pickets, and when at night Proctor's bugle's sound retreat,
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  Speaker 1: he has lost nearly one hundred men. At last, in September,
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  Speaker 1: the fleets being built for the Canadians at Amherstburg and
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  Speaker 1: for the Americans at presque Isle are completed. Whichever side
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  Speaker 1: commands Lake Erie will control supplies, And though Captain Barclay
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  Speaker 1: the Canadian is short of men, Proctor cannot afford to
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  Speaker 1: delay the contest for supremacy any longer. He orders Barclay
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  Speaker 1: to sell out and seat Commodore Perry the American for
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  Speaker 1: decisive battle. On Barkley's boats are only such old land
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  Speaker 1: guns as had been captured from Detroit. His crews consist
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  Speaker 1: of Lake sailors and a few soldiers, all in some
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  Speaker 1: three hundred and eighty four men on six vessels. September tenth,
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  Speaker 1: at midday at put In Bay, Berkley finds Perry's fleet
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  Speaker 1: of seven vessels with six hundred and fifty men. For
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  Speaker 1: two hours, the furious cannonading could be heard all the
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  Speaker 1: way to Amherstburg Space forbids. Details of the fight so
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  Speaker 1: celebrated in the Annals of the American Navy. After broadsides
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  Speaker 1: that tore hulls clean of mass and decks, setting sails
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  Speaker 1: in flame and the waters seething in mountainous waves, the
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  Speaker 1: two fleets got within pistol shot of each other, and
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  Speaker 1: Perry's superior numbers one one third of Barclay's officers were killed,
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  Speaker 1: and one third of his men. The Canadian fleet on
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  Speaker 1: Lake Erie was literally exterminated before three in the afternoon.
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  Speaker 1: Procter's position was now doubly desperate. He was cut off
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  Speaker 1: from supplies. At a council with the Indians through Tincumpsey,
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  Speaker 1: the chief was for fighting to the bitter death. It
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  Speaker 1: was decided to retreat up the Thames to Vincent's army
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  Speaker 1: near modern Hamilton. All the world knows the bitter end
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  Speaker 1: of that retreat. Proctor seems to have been so sure
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  Speaker 1: that General Harrison would not follow that the Canadian forces
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  Speaker 1: did not even pause to destroy bridges behind them, And
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  Speaker 1: behind came Harrison hot foot with four thousand fighters from
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  Speaker 1: the Kentucky backwoods. October first, the Canadians had retreated as
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  Speaker 1: far as Chatham, provisions and baggage coming in boats or
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  Speaker 1: sent ahead on wagons. Proctor's first intimidation of the foe's
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  Speaker 1: nearness was a breathless messenger with word the Americans just
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  Speaker 1: a few miles behind, had captured the provision boats. Sending
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  Speaker 1: on his family and the women with a convoy of
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  Speaker 1: two hundred and fifty soldiers, Proctor faced about on the
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  Speaker 1: morning of October fifth, to give battle. On the left
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  Speaker 1: was the River Thames, on the right a cedar swamp.
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  Speaker 1: To rear. On the east the Indian mission more a
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  Speaker 1: via town. The troops formed in line across a forest road.
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  Speaker 1: Proctor seems to have lost both his heart and his head,
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  Speaker 1: for he permitted his fatigued troops to go into the
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  Speaker 1: fight with out breakfast. Not a barricade, not a hurdle,
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  Speaker 1: not a log was placed to break the advance of
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  Speaker 1: Harrison's cavalry. The American riders came on like a whirlwind.
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  Speaker 1: Crack went the line of Proctor's men in a musketry volley.
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  Speaker 1: The horses plunged, checked up, reared, and were spurred forward
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  Speaker 1: another volley from the Canadians, but it was too late.
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  Speaker 1: Harrison's fifteen hundred riders had galloped clean through the Canadian lines,
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  Speaker 1: slashing swords as they dashed past. Now they wheeled and
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  Speaker 1: came on the Canadian's rear. Indians and Canadians scattered to
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  Speaker 1: the woods before such fury, Like harried rabbits poured to
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  Speaker 1: compsy in the very act of Tomahawking, an American colonel,
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  Speaker 1: when a pistol shot brought him down. The brave Indian
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  Speaker 1: chief was scalped by the white back woodsmen and skinned,
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  Speaker 1: and the body thrown into the woods a prey to wolves.
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  Speaker 1: Flushed with victory and without Harrison's permission, the Kentucky men
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  Speaker 1: dashed in and set fire to Moraviatown, the Indian mission.
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  Speaker 1: As for a Proctor, he had mounted the fleetest horse
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  Speaker 1: to be found and was riding in mad flight for
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  Speaker 1: Burlington Heights. It is almost a pity he had not
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  Speaker 1: fallen in some of his former heroic raids, for he
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  Speaker 1: now became a sorry figure in history, reprimanded and suspended
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  Speaker 1: from the ranks of the army. The only explanation of
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  Speaker 1: Proctor's conduct at Moravia Town is that he was anxious
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  Speaker 1: for the safety of his wife and daughters, perhaps needlessly
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  Speaker 1: fearing that the rough backs woodmen would retaliate on them
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  Speaker 1: for the treachery of the Indians. Tomahawking American prisoners of war.
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  Speaker 1: And it had fared almost as badly with the Canadian
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  Speaker 1: fleet on Lake Ontario. The boats under Sir James Yille,
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  Speaker 1: the young English commander, were good only for close range fighting.
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  Speaker 1: The boats under Commander Chauci best for long range firing.
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  Speaker 1: All July and August, the fleets maneuvered to catch each
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  Speaker 1: other off guard. Between times each raided the coast of
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  Speaker 1: the other for provisions. Chauncey paying a second visit to Toronto,
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  Speaker 1: Yelle swooping down on SODA's Bay. All September. The game
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  Speaker 1: of hide and seek went on between the two Ontario squadrons.
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  Speaker 1: Sunday night, the eighth of September, in a gale, two
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  Speaker 1: of Chauncy's ships sank with all hands, but sixteen two
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  Speaker 1: two nights later, in a squally wind by the light
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  Speaker 1: of the moon, two more of his slow sailors, unable
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  Speaker 1: to keep up with the rest of the fleet, were
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  Speaker 1: snapped up by the English off Niagara with one hundred captives. Again,
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  Speaker 1: on September twenty seventh, at eight in the evening, six
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  Speaker 1: miles off Toronto Harbor, Chauncey came up with the English
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  Speaker 1: and two fleets poured broadsides into each other. Then Yeo's
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  Speaker 1: crippled brigs limped into Toronto Harbor, while Chauncey sailed gaily
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  Speaker 1: off to block all connection with Montreal and to help
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  Speaker 1: to convey troops from Niagara down the Saint Lawrence for
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  Speaker 1: the master stroke of the year, The way was now
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  Speaker 1: clear for the twofold aim of the American staff to
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  Speaker 1: starve out Ontario and concentrate all strength in a signal
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  Speaker 1: attack on Montreal. The Auto campaign was, without doubt marked
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  Speaker 1: by the most comical and heroic episodes of the war.
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  Speaker 1: Wilkinson was to go down the Saint Lawrence from Lake
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  Speaker 1: Ontario with eight thousand men to join General Hampton, coming
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  Speaker 1: by the way of Lake Champlain with another five thousand
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  Speaker 1: men in united attack against Montreal. November fifth, Wilkinson's troops
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  Speaker 1: descended in three hundred flat boats through the Thousand Islands,
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  Speaker 1: now bleak and leafless and somber in the gray autumn light.
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  Speaker 1: It seemed hardly possible that the few Canadian troops cooped
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  Speaker 1: up in Kingston would dare to pursue such a strong
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  Speaker 1: American force, but history is made up of impossibles. Feeling
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  Speaker 1: perfectly secure, Wilkinson's troops scattered on the river. By November tenth,
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  Speaker 1: at nine in the morning, half the Americans had run
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  Speaker 1: down the rapids of the Long Salt and were in
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  Speaker 1: the region of Cornwall, pressing forward to unite with Hampton,
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  Speaker 1: where Chantagay River came into Lake Saint Louis, just above Montreal.
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  Speaker 1: The other half of Wilkinson's army was above the Long
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  Speaker 1: Salt near Chrysler's Farm. From the outset, the rear guard
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  Speaker 1: of the advancing invaders had been harried by Canadian sharpshooters.
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  Speaker 1: November eleventh, about midday, it was learned that a Canadian
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  Speaker 1: battalion of eight hundred was pressing eagerly on the rear.
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  Speaker 1: Chant shots had been a rattling fouslade. Quick as flashed,
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  Speaker 1: the Americans land and wheel face about to fight, posted
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  Speaker 1: behind a stone wall and along a dried gully with
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  Speaker 1: sheltering cliffs at Chrysler's Farm. By two thirty the foes
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  Speaker 1: are shooting at almost hand to hand range. Then through
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  Speaker 1: the powder smoke, the Canadians break from a march to
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  Speaker 1: a run, and charge with all the dauntless fury of
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  Speaker 1: men fighting for hearth and home. Before the line of
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  Speaker 1: flashing bayonets. The Invaders break and run. Two hundred have
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  Speaker 1: fallen on each side in action of less than two hours.
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  Speaker 1: Then the boats go down to the other half of
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  Speaker 1: the army at Cornwall, and here is worse news, news
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  Speaker 1: that sends Wilkinson's army back to the American side of
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  Speaker 1: the Saint Lawrence without attempting attack on Montreal. General Hampton,
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  Speaker 1: on his way from Lake Champlain, has been totally discomfited
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  Speaker 1: finding the way to the Saint Lawrence, barred by the
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  Speaker 1: old raiders trail of Richelieu River, and had struck across
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  Speaker 1: westward from Lake Champlain to join Wilkinson on the Saint
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  Speaker 1: Lawrence west of Montreal, somewhere near the road of Shangwyney River.
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  Speaker 1: With five thousand infantry and one hundred and eighty cavalry,
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  Speaker 1: he has advanced to afford beyond the fork of Shangwyney,
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  Speaker 1: Uncertain where the blow would be struck, Canada's governor had
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  Speaker 1: necessarily scattered his meager forces to oppose advance by the Shangwyney.
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  Speaker 1: He has sent a young Canadian officer, this Salibarry, with
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  Speaker 1: one hundred and fifty French Canadian sharpshooters and one hundred Indians.
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  Speaker 1: The salibarry does not court defeat by neglecting precautions because
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  Speaker 1: he is weak. Windfall is hurriedly thrown up as barricade
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  Speaker 1: along the trail where the path narrows between the river
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  Speaker 1: and the bleak forest. Dsalibarry has tree trunks laid spike
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  Speaker 1: in toward the foe. At the last moment comes McDonnell
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  Speaker 1: of Brockville with six hundred men, but d Salibarri's three
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  Speaker 1: hundred occupy the front line facing the ford. McDonald is
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  Speaker 1: farther along the river. By the night of October twenty fifth,
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  Speaker 1: the American army is close on the dauntless little band
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  Speaker 1: hidden in the forest. On the morning of the twenty sixth,
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  Speaker 1: three thousand Americans crossed the south bank of the river
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  Speaker 1: with the design of crossing north again, farther down and
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  Speaker 1: swinging round on Desalibarry's rear. At the first shot of
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  Speaker 1: the bluecoats poured De Salaberry's forlorn little band broke in panic,
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  Speaker 1: fright and fled. But d Saliberry, on the river bank
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  Speaker 1: had grabbed his bugle boy by the scruff of the
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  Speaker 1: neck with a grip of iron, and in terms more
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  Speaker 1: forcible than polite, bade him sound, sound, sound, the advance
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  Speaker 1: till the forest was filled with flying echoes of bugle calls.
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  Speaker 1: McDonald behind hears the challenge, and, mistaking the cheering call
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  Speaker 1: for note of victory, bids his bugler's blow blow advance
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  Speaker 1: blow and cheer like devils. The Americans pour shot into
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  Speaker 1: the forest. The bugle calls multiply till the woods seem
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  Speaker 1: filled with an advancing army, and the yells split the sky. Also,
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  Speaker 1: McDonald has ordered his men to fire kneeling, so that
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  Speaker 1: few of the American shots take effect. The advancing hosts
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  Speaker 1: became demoralized. At two thirty they sounded retreat, and it
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  Speaker 1: may truly be said that the Battle of Changunay was
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  Speaker 1: won by De Salibarri's bugle boy, held to the sticking point,
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  Speaker 1: not because he was brave, but because he could not
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  Speaker 1: run away. It is said that Hampden simply would not
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  Speaker 1: believe the truth when told of the numbers by whom
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  Speaker 1: he had defeated. It is also said that immediately after
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  Speaker 1: the victory, the Salibary fell ill from a bad attack
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  Speaker 1: of nerves brought on by lack of sleep. However, that
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  Speaker 1: may be the Canadian governor Prevost did not suffer from
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  Speaker 1: an attack of conscience, for in his report to the
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  Speaker 1: English government he ascribed the victory to his own management
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  Speaker 1: and presence on the field. The year of eighteen thirteen
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  Speaker 1: closes darkly for both sides, before withdrawing from Niagara region.
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  Speaker 1: The invaders ravaged the country and set fire to the
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  Speaker 1: village of Newark, driving four hundred women and children roofless
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  Speaker 1: to December snows. Sir Gordon Drummond, who has just come
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  Speaker 1: to command in Ontario, retaliate swiftly and without mercy. He
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  Speaker 1: crosses the Niagara by night. The fort is carried at
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  Speaker 1: bayonet point, three hundred men captured and three thousand arms taken. Next,
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  Speaker 1: Lewiston is burned, then black Rock, and on the last
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  Speaker 1: day of the year Buffalo down on the Atlantic coast.
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  Speaker 1: Both fleets win victories, but the English work the greater hurt,
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  Speaker 1: for they blockade the entire coast south of New York.
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  Speaker 1: On the English squadron are European mercenaries who have been
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  Speaker 1: given the name of Canadian Battillions because their work is
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  Speaker 1: to harry the American coast in order to draw off
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  Speaker 1: the American army from Canada. European mercenaries have been the
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  Speaker 1: same the world over, riff raff blackguards, guilty of infamous
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  Speaker 1: outrages the moment they are out from under the officer's eye.
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  Speaker 1: These were the troops misnamed Canadians whose infamous conduct left
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  Speaker 1: a heritage of hate long after the war. But this
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  Speaker 1: is a story of the Navy rather than of Canada.
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  Speaker 1: The contest has now lasted for almost two years, and
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  Speaker 1: both sides are as far from decisive victory as when
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  Speaker 1: war was declared in June of eighteen twelve. Long since
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  Speaker 1: the embargo laws of France and England against neutral nations
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  Speaker 1: have been rescinded, and the American coast has suffered more
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  Speaker 1: from the blockade of this war than it ever did
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  Speaker 1: from the wars be between France and England. The year
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  Speaker 1: eighteen fourteen opens with Napoleon defeated and England pouring aid
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  Speaker 1: across the Atlantic into Canada. Wilkinson's Big Army hovers inactive
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  Speaker 1: round Lake Champlain, and Prevost is afraid to weaken Montreal
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  Speaker 1: by forwarding aid to Drummond at Niagara. The British fleet
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  Speaker 1: blockades Sacket's Harbor and the American fleet blockades Kingston. The
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  Speaker 1: Canadians raid Oswego on Lake Ontario for provisions. The Americans
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  Speaker 1: raid Port Dover on Lake Erie, leaving the country a
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  Speaker 1: blackened waste, and Tom Tabou's Castle Malahide of Logs a
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  Speaker 1: smoking ruin with the determined aim of cutting off all
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  Speaker 1: supplies in Ontario, Drummond sends his troops scouring the country
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  Speaker 1: inland from Niagara for provision. Military law is established for
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  Speaker 1: the seizure of cattle and grain, but for the latter
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  Speaker 1: as high a price is paid as two dollars and
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  Speaker 1: fifty cents a bushel and many A pioneer farmer back
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  Speaker 1: from York, Toronto and Burlington. Hamilton dates the foundation of
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  Speaker 1: his fortune from the famine prices paid for bread. During
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  Speaker 1: the War of eighteen twelve. Of course, the United States
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  Speaker 1: did not purpose leaving the frontier of Niagara because Drummond
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  Speaker 1: had burnt the forts. By May, Major General Brown had
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  Speaker 1: taken command of the United States troops at Buffalo. The
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  Speaker 1: next two months pass drilling and training and bringing forward provisions.
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  Speaker 1: July third, at day dawn, during fog thick as wool
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  Speaker 1: on the lake, five thousand American troops crossed to the
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  Speaker 1: Canadian sidetes. English garrison capitulates on the spot, and the
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  Speaker 1: English retreat down Niagara River towards Chippewa, by the falls
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  Speaker 1: at Chippewa, at Queingston, at Fort George. In all to
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  Speaker 1: guard the Canadian frontier are only some twenty eight hundred men.
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  Speaker 1: Three fourths of these are capped doing garrison duty, leaving
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  Speaker 1: only seven hundred men free afield. Just beside Chippewa, a
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  Speaker 1: creek some twenty feet wide comes into Niagara River. The
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  Speaker 1: Canadians have destroyed the bridge as they retreat, but the
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  Speaker 1: Americans pursue, and at midnight of the fourth the two
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  Speaker 1: armies are facing each other across the brook, ominous dreadful
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  Speaker 1: silence through the darkness, but for the Sentry's arms or
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  Speaker 1: the lumbering advance of artillery wagons dragged cross near the Canadians.
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  Speaker 1: The bridges repaired under peppering shot from the British. By
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  Speaker 1: four on the afternoon of the fifth, the Americans have
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  Speaker 1: crossed the stream, their artillery is in place, and another
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  Speaker 1: battalion has forded higher up and swept round to take
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  Speaker 1: the Canadians on the flank. The Canadians must either flee
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  Speaker 1: in such blind panic as Proctor displayed at Maravilla Town,
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  Speaker 1: or turn and fight Indians in ambush. Reinforcements from Fort
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  Speaker 1: George and Queenston formed in three solid columns, the English
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  Speaker 1: wheel to face the foe. First. There is the rattling
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  Speaker 1: clatter of musketry fire from shooters behind in the grass.
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  Speaker 1: Then the solid Calms break from a march to a
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  Speaker 1: run and charge with their bayonets. The artillery fire of
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  Speaker 1: the Americans meets the runners in a terrible death blast.
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  Speaker 1: But as the front lines drop, the men behind step
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  Speaker 1: in their places till the armies are not one hundred
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  Speaker 1: yards apart. Then another blast from the heavy guns of
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  Speaker 1: the Americans literally tears the Canadian columns to tatters. As
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  Speaker 1: the smoke lifts, there are no columns left, only scattered
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  Speaker 1: groups of men retreating across a field strewn thick with
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  Speaker 1: the mangled dead. Out of twelve hundred men, the Canadians
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  Speaker 1: have lost five hundred. The charge of the four loorn
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  Speaker 1: twelve hundred at Chippewa against the artillery of four thousand
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  Speaker 1: Americans has been likened to the charge of the Light
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  Speaker 1: Brigade in the Russian War. Though the Canadians were defeated,
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  Speaker 1: their heroic defense had for a few days at least
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  Speaker 1: checked the advance of the evaders, and now the position
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  Speaker 1: of the beleaguered became desperate. At Fort George, at Queenston,
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  Speaker 1: and at Burlington Heights, the men were put on half
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  Speaker 1: rations end of Section thirty nine. Recording by Linda Marie Nielsen, Vancouver,
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  Speaker 1: b C.