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The Songhai Empire's Ambush at Tondibi: Tactics That Failed
In 1591, the Saadian army of Morocco met the Songhai Empire at Tondibi, a battle that would decide the fate of West Africa's largest empire. But the Songhai weren't outmatched—they had a plan. Lucas and Luna explore the tactical innovations the Songhai brought to the field: their camel cavalry feints, the use of cattle as a moving shield, and the terrifying slave soldiers known as the Tyeddo. They also unpack why those tactics failed against Moroccan harquebusiers and cannons. Drawing on the Tarikh al-Sudan and European accounts, this episode digs into the battle itself—not just its…
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