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Selects: Geodesic Domes: The Wave of the Future That Wasn't · Stuff You Should Know

• 0:00
  Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, Chuck here in twenty twenty three, but I'm
• 0:05
  Speaker 1: gonna hop us all in the wayback machine and take
• 0:08
  Speaker 1: us back to December twenty eighteen to listen to our
• 0:10
  Speaker 1: episode on geodesic domes, because this ties into the live
• 0:15
  Speaker 1: show that we did last year all about the biosphere
• 0:20
  Speaker 1: to project. The geodesic dome figured in very prominently in
• 0:24
  Speaker 1: that project. We talk all about Buckminster Fuller in this episode,
• 0:29
  Speaker 1: who also figured into that live podcast. And check it
• 0:33
  Speaker 1: out now. If you're into architecture or just cool things,
• 0:37
  Speaker 1: listen to Geodesic Domes colon the Wave of the Future that.
• 0:41
  Speaker 2: Wasn't Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of iHeartRadio.
• 0:54
  Speaker 3: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm British Josh, there's
• 0:58
  Speaker 3: American Chuck, and there's neutral Swisserland Jerry, which, by the way,
• 1:03
  Speaker 3: now we're saying Swisserland, Switzerland just decided because it's close
• 1:08
  Speaker 3: to the end of the year and I'm about to
• 1:09
  Speaker 3: die of exhaustion.
• 1:10
  Speaker 4: I love it.
• 1:12
  Speaker 1: On the Friendly Fire Movie podcast, Ben Harrison, you know Ben,
• 1:15
  Speaker 1: he says, Nazzis.
• 1:17
  Speaker 4: Yeah, Nazis. That's like kind of like a throwback.
• 1:20
  Speaker 3: That's like the greatest generation.
• 1:22
  Speaker 1: Why I'm saying yeah, And I know he does it
• 1:24
  Speaker 1: as an affectation, sure, but now I got it from him,
• 1:27
  Speaker 1: and he got it from God elsewhere, his great grandpa
• 1:30
  Speaker 1: maybe nazzis.
• 1:31
  Speaker 3: Yeah, that's a pretty great.
• 1:33
  Speaker 1: Way to see because there's a lot of occasion to
• 1:35
  Speaker 1: say the word Nazi.
• 1:36
  Speaker 3: Sure a lot.
• 1:39
  Speaker 4: Hell you mentioned this, uh and why did you say
• 1:41
  Speaker 4: you were British?
• 1:42
  Speaker 3: Because I chuck say geodesic and you.
• 1:47
  Speaker 4: Say geodesic and we just looked it.
• 1:50
  Speaker 3: Up, which I mean, that's like the first time in.
• 1:53
  Speaker 1: Years the lady said geodesic and I was like, yes,
• 1:56
  Speaker 1: I'm right, or in America geodesic and I said, we're bout.
• 2:00
  Speaker 1: But then she didn't say though it was British, it
• 2:02
  Speaker 1: could be like whatever South African.
• 2:05
  Speaker 3: Oh, I guess, like, well africanor's not English.
• 2:09
  Speaker 4: Well, yeah, you know what I mean.
• 2:11
  Speaker 3: We're so far off course already. Jerry's just got Ramen
• 2:16
  Speaker 3: coming through her nose. She thought that was so funny.
• 2:19
  Speaker 3: Thanks for the laugh, Jerry. Well, we are talking about
• 2:22
  Speaker 3: geodesic desk. Maybe we should just say that every time
• 2:26
  Speaker 3: say them both.
• 2:27
  Speaker 4: I'm sure people would love that.
• 2:29
  Speaker 3: I'm going to say geodesic because that's what I've always said.
• 2:31
  Speaker 4: Okay, great, I'm gonna say geodesic.
• 2:33
  Speaker 3: That's fine. We're talking about domes, geodesic domes. And if
• 2:39
  Speaker 3: you have ever seen a weird contraption of a circular house,
• 2:45
  Speaker 3: a ball house, you might call it a sphere house,
• 2:49
  Speaker 3: you've seen a geodesic dome. If you've ever been to Epcot,
• 2:52
  Speaker 3: sure you was a kid, you've seen a geodesic dome.
• 2:57
  Speaker 3: They're all over the place.
• 2:59
  Speaker 4: Do you all right?
• 2:59
  Speaker 1: Do you like these as like people's houses in a
• 3:03
  Speaker 1: neighborhood or wherever.
• 3:04
  Speaker 3: No, I don't either, But I don't. I mean, I'm
• 3:07
  Speaker 3: not gonna yuck anybody's yung.
• 3:09
  Speaker 1: I'm you know what I mean when reading and researching
• 3:11
  Speaker 1: and like, they're cool and there are a lot of
• 3:13
  Speaker 1: great advantages. Right then that will go over, But uh,
• 3:17
  Speaker 1: I just don't care for them right Aesthetically.
• 3:20
  Speaker 3: I don't either. And actually, if you if you read
• 3:24
  Speaker 3: a quote from Buckminster Fuller, the guy who actually didn't
• 3:27
  Speaker 3: invent geodesic domes, we'll get into all that anyway. He said,
• 3:29
  Speaker 3: one of the reasons they never took off is because
• 3:32
  Speaker 3: they're weird looking.
• 3:33
  Speaker 4: Yeah, they just are, and and well I'm not going
• 3:37
  Speaker 4: to say that.
• 3:38
  Speaker 3: I really tell me later.
• 3:39
  Speaker 4: Okay, Yeah, I just don't care for him. You know.
• 3:42
  Speaker 1: It's like, I'm a craftsman, California craftsman bungalow type guy,
• 3:48
  Speaker 1: which is about the opposite of a geodesic dome.
• 3:51
  Speaker 3: It's pretty angular, for sure. Yeah, And the geodesic dome
• 3:55
  Speaker 3: is angular. Everybody put your laptops away, geometry nerds, but
• 4:00
  Speaker 3: it's not rectangular, and a craftsman is definitely rectangular. Like,
• 4:04
  Speaker 3: you can even make a case the roof is not
• 4:06
  Speaker 3: a triangle. It's a rectangle on its side. I just
• 4:10
  Speaker 3: made that case. How's it going?
• 4:12
  Speaker 4: Yeah?
• 4:13
  Speaker 3: Pretty good.
• 4:14
  Speaker 1: I also, and although I probably will never live in one,
• 4:18
  Speaker 1: I do love a modern, like a mid century modern.
• 4:22
  Speaker 3: That's my thing.
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  Speaker 4: I love it.
• 4:24
  Speaker 1: But I just it's not really like ultimately where I
• 4:27
  Speaker 1: would want to live for the rest of my life.
• 4:29
  Speaker 3: Well, okay, so I don't want to feel like I'm
• 4:32
  Speaker 3: like in Finland in the winter or something like that.
• 4:35
  Speaker 3: That's not I'm talking mid century American actually built for
• 4:39
  Speaker 3: a family in like the mid fifties, early sixties. I
• 4:43
  Speaker 3: love it that has all little cool details and built
• 4:45
  Speaker 3: ins in a wall that doesn't even really need to
• 4:47
  Speaker 3: be there. You can see right through it because it's
• 4:49
  Speaker 3: like wood spindles and stuff. That's what I like.
• 4:52
  Speaker 4: Yeah, me too.
• 4:52
  Speaker 3: Not ultra modern. Mid century modern yeah okay.
• 4:55
  Speaker 4: Mid center. Yeah that's what we call it.
• 4:57
  Speaker 3: But you still you don't think you could live in
• 4:58
  Speaker 3: one of those. I me, craftsman guy.
• 5:01
  Speaker 4: We'd have to get all new stuff.
• 5:03
  Speaker 1: Like if we started over, like I if our god
• 5:06
  Speaker 1: forbid of our house burned down and we lost everything,
• 5:10
  Speaker 1: I could start over like that. But like the stuff
• 5:12
  Speaker 1: that we have doesn't fit. Like you know understood, Grandma's
• 5:15
  Speaker 1: antique bar doesn't really go in that setting.
• 5:19
  Speaker 3: I've seen that bar, and that thing is classic.
• 5:21
  Speaker 4: Thank you.
• 5:21
  Speaker 3: You could put it anywhere. Grandma was a bit of
• 5:24
  Speaker 3: a boozehound. Huh.
• 5:25
  Speaker 1: Well, they didn't use as a bar. They had like
• 5:27
  Speaker 1: humble figurines and stuff. Wow, And I saw it.
• 5:29
  Speaker 4: It was funny.
• 5:30
  Speaker 1: When I first sawt I was like, oh god, I
• 5:32
  Speaker 1: don't really want that, and like they're giving it to us,
• 5:35
  Speaker 1: And then we turned it to a bar and it
• 5:36
  Speaker 1: was like, it's amazing what thirty liquor bottles will do.
• 5:39
  Speaker 3: I can really dress up a Yeah, humble figurine cabinet.
• 5:42
  Speaker 3: So clearly we're talking again about geodesic domes. And there
• 5:46
  Speaker 3: was a period in time check where you could go
• 5:48
  Speaker 3: into some neighborhoods around the country and you could find
• 5:52
  Speaker 3: well to do hippie types, environmental types, back to earthers
• 5:59
  Speaker 3: living in the geodesic domes. And it's not like they
• 6:01
  Speaker 3: were living in a tent. It was their house. Yeah,
• 6:04
  Speaker 3: had plumbing and heating and electricity and all this stuff.
• 6:07
  Speaker 3: It's just that it was a dome.
• 6:08
  Speaker 4: Yeah.
• 6:09
  Speaker 1: There was one near where I grew up actually, and
• 6:11
  Speaker 1: we would pass it going to elementary school and it
• 6:13
  Speaker 1: was always just sort of like, yeah, there's those weirdos
• 6:16
  Speaker 1: that built the weird house.
• 6:18
  Speaker 3: Isn't it interesting though, Like that had some impact on
• 6:21
  Speaker 3: who you are today. Yeah, how minute or howse small,
• 6:24
  Speaker 3: but seeing that every day or every weekday, that had
• 6:28
  Speaker 3: to have some impact on you.
• 6:29
  Speaker 4: Yeah, And there's was also one of those.
• 6:32
  Speaker 1: It was also partially underground even so that was an
• 6:34
  Speaker 1: exposed dome, but then that was sort of built into
• 6:37
  Speaker 1: a hill, and so they were full on.
• 6:40
  Speaker 3: They had a lot of hippie cred.
• 6:41
  Speaker 1: Yeah, they were going toward it, and looking back, they
• 6:42
  Speaker 1: were probably super cool people.
• 6:44
  Speaker 3: Probably they were wearing birkenstocks way before anybody else was
• 6:47
  Speaker 3: wearing birkenstocks. So let's talk a little bit about the
• 6:51
  Speaker 3: first geodesic dome, little geodesic history.
• 6:54
  Speaker 4: Okay, okay, all.
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  Speaker 3: Right, you have to go way back, way way back
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  Speaker 3: to nineteen six. And not only do we have to
• 7:03
  Speaker 3: go back, we have to go to Germany, Jena, Germany.
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  Speaker 4: I don't know where that is.
• 7:08
  Speaker 3: I don't either, but there is a very famous optics
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  Speaker 3: company called Seiss, I do know that. Sure, and Seiss
• 7:15
  Speaker 3: wanted to build a planetarium on top of one of
• 7:18
  Speaker 3: their factories, their factory at Jena, Germany, and they said,
• 7:22
  Speaker 3: please build this a planetarium. Walter Bauersfield, where if you
• 7:27
  Speaker 3: didn't know if he was German or not, just listen
• 7:29
  Speaker 3: to his name, Feld felt even more German. Yeah, and
• 7:33
  Speaker 3: he said, sure, let me think about this and I'll
• 7:36
  Speaker 3: see what I can come up with. And he came
• 7:37
  Speaker 3: up with what's what's widely pointed to as the world's
• 7:41
  Speaker 3: first geodesic dome.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, and it was a good It was a good
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  Speaker 1: idea for this project, in particular because they needed it
• 7:47
  Speaker 1: to be light, because it had to go on top
• 7:49
  Speaker 1: of a roof they needed to hold a lot of people,
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  Speaker 1: and obviously because it was a planetarium that that interior
• 7:57
  Speaker 1: roundness was kind of key. Would be weird to have
• 8:01
  Speaker 1: a square planetarium, it would, you know.
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  Speaker 3: Especially if you're like I didn't know Venus could take
• 8:06
  Speaker 3: a corner like that.
• 8:07
  Speaker 1: I didn't know he could do that, right, So that's
• 8:10
  Speaker 1: what he did, and it was it really worked well.
• 8:14
  Speaker 1: It did house a lot of people. I mean not
• 8:16
  Speaker 1: how's but you know, it could hold a lot of people.
• 8:19
  Speaker 1: It can withstand storms, and this is these are some
• 8:22
  Speaker 1: of the factors that make them not only popular but
• 8:29
  Speaker 1: like a good idea. Depending on where you are. It
• 8:32
  Speaker 1: was like, if you're in Antarctica, they have them there
• 8:35
  Speaker 1: and that it's perfect for that kind of weather.
• 8:37
  Speaker 3: Yeah, there was a period in time which we'll see
• 8:39
  Speaker 3: in a second, where geodesic don't were like the house
• 8:42
  Speaker 3: of the future. It was a very very good idea
• 8:44
  Speaker 3: that never took off because everybody said, no, we think
• 8:47
  Speaker 3: those are kind of weird.
• 8:49
  Speaker 4: I don't feel comfortable with that pretty much.
• 8:51
  Speaker 3: So Bowersfeld's planetarium actually kicked off a planetarium craze. It
• 8:57
  Speaker 3: was apparently the first planetarium on Earth, which I would
• 9:01
  Speaker 3: make the case you can just say the first planetarium
• 9:03
  Speaker 3: in the universe, then probably so. But because there were
• 9:08
  Speaker 3: people who started to build planetariums as a result of this,
• 9:12
  Speaker 3: judiesic domes kind of became a thing.
• 9:14
  Speaker 4: Yeah, But it wasn't.
• 9:15
  Speaker 3: Until a guy named Richard Buckminster Fuller of Carbondale, Illinois.
• 9:19
  Speaker 4: Very big deal, came along.
• 9:20
  Speaker 3: And actually patented the geodesic dome that they really became
• 9:24
  Speaker 3: that house of the future thing that I was talking about.
• 9:27
  Speaker 1: Yeah, and he was an engineer and a sort of
• 9:30
  Speaker 1: a visionary thinker, one of the great Americans. I think
• 9:34
  Speaker 1: we could do a show on him altogether.
• 9:36
  Speaker 4: I think agreed.
• 9:37
  Speaker 1: But his whole jam was like, well, first of all,
• 9:41
  Speaker 1: he saw the inherent like good points to these and
• 9:45
  Speaker 1: we'll get into all those, but first and foremost, you
• 9:47
  Speaker 1: can you can have a huge volume of space with
• 9:49
  Speaker 1: very little materials, very lightweight materials, and it'd still be
• 9:53
  Speaker 1: super strong, right, which is awesome. So because of this,
• 9:58
  Speaker 1: he thought like he had a higher goal in mine,
• 10:01
  Speaker 1: which was like the housing in the future. Like they
• 10:04
  Speaker 1: don't cost that much money, they can hold you know,
• 10:07
  Speaker 1: people safely, and like this is how we should think
• 10:10
  Speaker 1: about housing.
• 10:11
  Speaker 4: Right.
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  Speaker 3: You could you could build it off site at a
• 10:13
  Speaker 3: factory and deliver it by helicopter.
• 10:15
  Speaker 4: It was that light kind of put it together but
• 10:17
  Speaker 4: like a kid yep.
• 10:18
  Speaker 3: And like you were saying, it required because it could
• 10:21
  Speaker 3: withstand more weight, it required less building materials, which meant
• 10:27
  Speaker 3: it was lower cost. And supposedly you could put these
• 10:32
  Speaker 3: things like a good kit together in a day if
• 10:35
  Speaker 3: you were really cruising along at a good clip.
• 10:38
  Speaker 4: Sure, so you had some high grade sixty speed give.
• 10:43
  Speaker 3: It all your Yeah, man, you got me with that one.
• 10:50
  Speaker 3: So so this just became plainly obvious that this is
• 10:53
  Speaker 3: going to be the house of the future. There's one
• 10:56
  Speaker 3: of the other things about it is there is no
• 10:58
  Speaker 3: other buildings structure that has a larger volume of space
• 11:04
  Speaker 3: with the least amount of surface area.
• 11:07
  Speaker 4: Yeah.
• 11:08
  Speaker 1: And he got this idea through looking at nature. He
• 11:11
  Speaker 1: very famously looked at things like crystals and seed pods
• 11:16
  Speaker 1: and things like that and thought, like, you know nature,
• 11:18
  Speaker 1: and a lot of people do this in design. They
• 11:20
  Speaker 1: look to nature because nature has sort of proven to
• 11:23
  Speaker 1: get it right usually over the years.
• 11:24
  Speaker 3: Yeah, Like if you look at an eggshell, you're like,
• 11:26
  Speaker 3: this thing shouldn't withstand anything, and yet it does, and
• 11:30
  Speaker 3: it's a very curious thing.
• 11:32
  Speaker 4: But it sure looks like it could slip out of
• 11:34
  Speaker 4: a chicken's butt with.
• 11:34
  Speaker 3: Ease, right, which is kind of what it does. Like
• 11:37
  Speaker 3: what if it was square, it slips out of the cloaca.
• 11:42
  Speaker 3: It's true. So Bucky Fuller, as he's known, he apparently
• 11:48
  Speaker 3: I don't know if he wasn't aware of Bowersfeld's design
• 11:51
  Speaker 3: or something. Did you get that impression?
• 11:52
  Speaker 1: I couldn't tell if this was nefarious. He seemed like
• 11:55
  Speaker 1: a good guy, so I don't think he like stole
• 11:57
  Speaker 1: this idea, but he was able to secure a patent.
• 12:00
  Speaker 3: He did. And there's a really great Time article if
• 12:02
  Speaker 3: you can find it. It's called Dimaxian American. Dimaxim was
• 12:06
  Speaker 3: a word that was associated with him. He just made
• 12:09
  Speaker 3: up words a lot, but it tells it. It's from
• 12:13
  Speaker 3: nineteen sixty four. It says that he was trying to
• 12:15
  Speaker 3: figure out a geometry of energy, and he was using
• 12:18
  Speaker 3: spheres as a model of energy. No idea, but he
• 12:22
  Speaker 3: was putting spheres together. And his idea was that when
• 12:26
  Speaker 3: you put spheres together, they would just make a larger
• 12:28
  Speaker 3: and larger sphere. But that's not what happened. He took
• 12:31
  Speaker 3: a central sphere and put other spheres around it and
• 12:34
  Speaker 3: pushed it together. And what he found was that it
• 12:36
  Speaker 3: started to make squares and triangles rather than a larger sphere.
• 12:42
  Speaker 3: And he figured out that what he had just come
• 12:44
  Speaker 3: up with was actually a very smart structure. That you
• 12:47
  Speaker 3: could take those squares and divide those into triangles. You
• 12:50
  Speaker 3: could take the triangles and divide the triangles into even
• 12:52
  Speaker 3: smaller triangles. And if you kind of curve the edges
• 12:55
  Speaker 3: of the triangles inward towards some imaginary center inside the sphere,
• 13:00
  Speaker 3: you actually create a sphere. And technically it's a polyhedron.
• 13:05
  Speaker 3: And most geodesic domes are acostahedrons, which, if you play
• 13:10
  Speaker 3: Dungeons and Dragons, is just a twenty sided die.
• 13:12
  Speaker 4: Yeah.
• 13:13
  Speaker 3: But the more you cut the sides into smaller and
• 13:16
  Speaker 3: smaller triangles, the more the closer to an actual perfect
• 13:20
  Speaker 3: sphere you get. And that's a geodesic sphere. And if
• 13:25
  Speaker 3: you cut it in half, or cut a portion of it, yeah,
• 13:27
  Speaker 3: and just use one half of it, that's a geodesic dome.
• 13:31
  Speaker 4: Yeah, which is what you see like.
• 13:34
  Speaker 1: It's not fully round because it has to be flat
• 13:37
  Speaker 1: and sit on something right.
• 13:38
  Speaker 3: Well, actually, the Spaceship Earth geodesic dome God is a
• 13:42
  Speaker 3: full sphere, but that is pretty rare.
• 13:45
  Speaker 1: And I thought it was interesting too that they said
• 13:48
  Speaker 1: that if you were just designing something on paper, you
• 13:52
  Speaker 1: could just design bigger and bigger and it would just
• 13:54
  Speaker 1: get stronger and stronger. But in reality that's really not
• 13:59
  Speaker 1: the case, like when when rubber meets the road, they're
• 14:02
  Speaker 1: really there's really only so big you can kind of get.
• 14:04
  Speaker 3: Yeah, because I had no idea about this, you know,
• 14:07
  Speaker 3: I'm roughly familiar with geo dusic domes. I didn't know
• 14:09
  Speaker 3: any details. But one thing that I was surprised to
• 14:11
  Speaker 3: find is that the triangles are not all the same size. Yeah,
• 14:16
  Speaker 3: they have to be adjusted to make this shape, to
• 14:19
  Speaker 3: make this circle or the sphere. So if you're putting
• 14:24
  Speaker 3: together one of these things, as we'll see, you have
• 14:26
  Speaker 3: to be like, oh, this strut goes here, not here,
• 14:29
  Speaker 3: And I actually put it here up on the top,
• 14:31
  Speaker 3: and now I have to go take the whole thing
• 14:33
  Speaker 3: apart again. Yeah, the less complex, the better impracticality. But yeah,
• 14:38
  Speaker 3: you can really mess with it to make it virtually
• 14:40
  Speaker 3: a perfect sphere out of triangles.
• 14:43
  Speaker 1: Yeah, and you mentioned a minute ago that and I
• 14:45
  Speaker 1: think people that pay attention were probably like, oh, Josh,
• 14:49
  Speaker 1: is so funny or what did he just say?
• 14:52
  Speaker 4: Did Buck Minister Fuller make up words? Yeah?
• 14:56
  Speaker 1: He did, because he made up another word when it
• 14:58
  Speaker 1: comes to these domes, uh, insegrity.
• 15:03
  Speaker 3: Which is not a good word, it's.
• 15:05
  Speaker 4: Not He mixed two words together, intentional and integrity.
• 15:10
  Speaker 3: Uh.
• 15:10
  Speaker 1: And so that's the relationship between the tension and compression,
• 15:14
  Speaker 1: and that really kind of describes how these things fit
• 15:17
  Speaker 1: together and why they end up being super strong, even
• 15:20
  Speaker 1: though when you look at it, you're like, man, I
• 15:22
  Speaker 1: could blow that thing over.
• 15:23
  Speaker 3: Right, So let's let's take your break and then we'll
• 15:25
  Speaker 3: get into like the actual dynamics going on.
• 15:27
  Speaker 4: Okay, and geometry?
• 15:28
  Speaker 3: Yes promise, yes, all right, I promised. It's time to
• 16:02
  Speaker 3: talk to geometry.
• 16:03
  Speaker 4: How'd you do in geometry?
• 16:05
  Speaker 3: I failed the first time ast of the second time.
• 16:08
  Speaker 3: I'm actually really glad that I failed it because when
• 16:11
  Speaker 3: I was forced to take it again by the man.
• 16:13
  Speaker 4: And this is high school, right, Yeah, yeah.
• 16:15
  Speaker 3: I it clicked. And I've never understood any field of
• 16:20
  Speaker 3: math like I understood geometry. I don't quite remember it now,
• 16:23
  Speaker 3: but like I understood geometry like I was Pythagoras is
• 16:26
  Speaker 3: like brother.
• 16:27
  Speaker 1: I kind of I wasn't quite at that level, but
• 16:30
  Speaker 1: I feel like because I'm I have long sort of
• 16:32
  Speaker 1: poo pooed the maths. Yeah, but you've that right, well yeah,
• 16:37
  Speaker 1: but I mean just for my pea brain like understanding it.
• 16:40
  Speaker 1: I understood geometry more than all the other maths, right,
• 16:44
  Speaker 1: and I did okay in it for an English nerd.
• 16:47
  Speaker 3: Yeah, you know, good enough.
• 16:49
  Speaker 1: It is completely different than anything else. I feel like in.
• 16:52
  Speaker 3: That geometry does seem like its own thing for very
• 16:55
  Speaker 3: much at time, Like, yeah, there's numbers and sigma makes
• 16:57
  Speaker 3: an appearance and stuff like that, but it definitely seems
• 17:00
  Speaker 3: to be It's different than algebra. I'll tell you that. Buddy.
• 17:03
  Speaker 4: Shout out to Miss karn Ridana High School.
• 17:05
  Speaker 3: Oh, I wish I could remember my geometry teacher that
• 17:08
  Speaker 3: when it clicked.
• 17:08
  Speaker 1: With she was great. She was one of those teachers
• 17:10
  Speaker 1: that's like was seventy years old. From the time that
• 17:14
  Speaker 1: she was twenty eight till the time she was seventy,
• 17:17
  Speaker 1: she was.
• 17:18
  Speaker 3: Great and then she turned back into twenty eight.
• 17:20
  Speaker 1: Yeah she uh. I remember she had this polka dot.
• 17:22
  Speaker 1: It's funny the things that you remember. She had this
• 17:24
  Speaker 1: polka dot shirt where all the polka dots were collected
• 17:27
  Speaker 1: at the bottom, and she said that it used to
• 17:29
  Speaker 1: be all over, but she hung it up to dry.
• 17:32
  Speaker 4: That was her big joke, great joke.
• 17:34
  Speaker 3: She's like, welcome to my class. It's the only joke
• 17:37
  Speaker 3: of the year. Let's get busy.
• 17:38
  Speaker 4: Yeah. I bet you there's one person out there who
• 17:40
  Speaker 4: had Miss Karn and knows that shirt.
• 17:41
  Speaker 3: Yeah. I hope it's a great joke, Miss Carn. Okay,
• 17:46
  Speaker 3: so we're talking geometry, right, Yeah. Do you remember our
• 17:50
  Speaker 3: bridges episode? Yeah, remember we talked about bridge trusses, the
• 17:54
  Speaker 3: bridges that are made up of triangular shapes, and we said, like,
• 17:57
  Speaker 3: those things are extraordinarily wrong because they're triangles.
• 18:01
  Speaker 4: Yeah, man, triangles, same thing here, can't beat them.
• 18:04
  Speaker 3: A geodesic dome or sphere is a sphere made up
• 18:08
  Speaker 3: of triangles. And if you actually take the triangular shape
• 18:12
  Speaker 3: and build one in reality, it is one of the
• 18:16
  Speaker 3: strongest shapes you can create because wherever you press on it,
• 18:21
  Speaker 3: it transfers that pressure that force to the rest of
• 18:24
  Speaker 3: the shape. So it distributes that kind of a weight
• 18:29
  Speaker 3: or pressure or force or whatever you want to lay
• 18:31
  Speaker 3: on on it. It distributes it evenly, and if you
• 18:34
  Speaker 3: put another triangle together with one triangle, it sends it
• 18:37
  Speaker 3: to the other triangle too, And so the more triangles
• 18:40
  Speaker 3: you add, the more a force is distributed throughout it.
• 18:44
  Speaker 3: And that's why that's why it's so strong. Like what
• 18:47
  Speaker 3: you were saying, like you look at it and you're like,
• 18:49
  Speaker 3: I could blow that over. You might be able to
• 18:51
  Speaker 3: push it over and make it roll away if it's
• 18:53
  Speaker 3: a sphere, but you you probably could not break it.
• 18:58
  Speaker 1: Yeah, And when you look at like, if you're inside
• 19:00
  Speaker 1: one of these, it's usually covered with like wood or
• 19:03
  Speaker 1: drywall or something, so it's not as evident, but on
• 19:06
  Speaker 1: the outside you generally can still see this frame of
• 19:09
  Speaker 1: triangles all fitting together beautifully to make something super super strong.
• 19:15
  Speaker 3: Yes, And apparently the strongest version of a geodesic dome
• 19:22
  Speaker 3: or sphere is one that's actually made not just out
• 19:25
  Speaker 3: of triangles, but out of pyramids. If you look at
• 19:29
  Speaker 3: if you look at the Epcot Spaceship Earth Geodesic Sphere,
• 19:33
  Speaker 3: it's actually pyramids. All the triangles are actually Yeah, that
• 19:39
  Speaker 3: is that's it. That's the money geodesic dome.
• 19:43
  Speaker 1: Yeah, And that one, since we're on that is interesting
• 19:45
  Speaker 1: in that one of the downfalls and we'll go over
• 19:48
  Speaker 1: more later, but one of the downfalls of geodesic domes
• 19:52
  Speaker 1: is sometimes rain doesn't treat them well. Yeah, but the
• 19:55
  Speaker 1: one at Epcot was just like, we're not even going
• 19:59
  Speaker 1: to pretend that we want to repel the rain. They
• 20:01
  Speaker 1: have little grooves that actually collect the rain and that
• 20:04
  Speaker 1: send it to one of those little corny lagoons.
• 20:07
  Speaker 3: I love those, I know, I love everything about Epcot.
• 20:10
  Speaker 4: I haven't been since I was in seventh grade.
• 20:12
  Speaker 3: It's great.
• 20:14
  Speaker 1: I mean, did they update it or is it still
• 20:15
  Speaker 1: very much like the World of Tomorrow today?
• 20:19
  Speaker 3: You know they've updated it. I mean the whole thing
• 20:21
  Speaker 3: is still like that. Yeah, but there's like newer stuff,
• 20:25
  Speaker 3: Like there's a really cool ride, an immersive ride called Soaring,
• 20:31
  Speaker 3: where like you get lifted up and you're in front
• 20:34
  Speaker 3: of this huge, giant curved movie screen and you're like
• 20:38
  Speaker 3: soaring through this like the world, like a world tour.
• 20:42
  Speaker 4: It's really neat, And did they move your little thing
• 20:44
  Speaker 4: around so you feel like you're.
• 20:45
  Speaker 3: You definitely feel like you're soaring through there.
• 20:47
  Speaker 1: Yeah, that's like the when they debuted that Back to
• 20:50
  Speaker 1: the Future ride years ago.
• 20:51
  Speaker 3: Was it like that?
• 20:52
  Speaker 4: Yeah?
• 20:52
  Speaker 1: You sit in the Dolorean. It's on hydraulics and it's
• 20:56
  Speaker 1: like moving all around.
• 20:57
  Speaker 3: But it's a movie screen in front of you.
• 20:58
  Speaker 4: Yeah, and you're and you're going through.
• 20:59
  Speaker 1: But it's amazing how accurate they can sync that up
• 21:02
  Speaker 1: to where you really feel like, like I remember that
• 21:04
  Speaker 1: was at one point where the car was on the
• 21:07
  Speaker 1: edge of a cliff and it was sort of teetering
• 21:10
  Speaker 1: and it got really quiet, and then it teetered over
• 21:12
  Speaker 1: and then the car just stopped moving and he felt
• 21:15
  Speaker 1: like you were falling.
• 21:16
  Speaker 4: Wow, just because it stopped moving.
• 21:18
  Speaker 1: And if you like turned around and looked backwards, you're
• 21:20
  Speaker 1: like everyone's freaking out and you're just sitting in a
• 21:22
  Speaker 1: car doing nothing.
• 21:24
  Speaker 3: But everybody's going Oh.
• 21:26
  Speaker 4: It was so great. I loved it.
• 21:28
  Speaker 3: So we were saying, like this this thing pops up
• 21:30
  Speaker 3: all over nature. Yeah, the geodesic dome did this. Time
• 21:35
  Speaker 3: Magazine put article put it really beautifully that it was
• 21:39
  Speaker 3: like Buckminster Fuller had discovered a signature of God, whoa
• 21:44
  Speaker 3: just made scare quotes because around godred.
• 21:49
  Speaker 4: The whole thing.
• 21:50
  Speaker 3: Since it is such like an efficient structure that can
• 21:53
  Speaker 3: support a lot of weight, you do see it in
• 21:54
  Speaker 3: things like eggs cornea the testicle, which I'm like, sure, really,
• 22:01
  Speaker 3: I guess so I couldn't find that anywhere else, and
• 22:04
  Speaker 3: I definitely typed testicle geodesic dome into Google and it
• 22:09
  Speaker 3: didn't really come back with anything. But this nineteen sixty
• 22:12
  Speaker 3: four Time article says it.
• 22:13
  Speaker 1: So it's so well, the dome period is a pretty
• 22:17
  Speaker 1: strong structure. The Romans were building really big, strong domes
• 22:22
  Speaker 1: a long long time ago, but they don't stay strong
• 22:25
  Speaker 1: for long. That's sort of one of the problems with
• 22:27
  Speaker 1: a dome, just a regular dome, is that you need
• 22:30
  Speaker 1: a lot of super heavy supporting materials and walls to
• 22:34
  Speaker 1: keep it up, and over time they wear out. But
• 22:37
  Speaker 1: what Fuller did was took that sort of same principle
• 22:40
  Speaker 1: and applied this geometry to it and these triangles that
• 22:44
  Speaker 1: the Romans didn't.
• 22:46
  Speaker 4: Think of, and the rest is history. I guess.
• 22:49
  Speaker 3: Yeah. What he found was that when you put these
• 22:52
  Speaker 3: fears together, you created what he called a vector equilibrium,
• 22:57
  Speaker 3: the outward force of the thing that's trying to collapse.
• 23:00
  Speaker 3: You know, like if you if you could press down
• 23:03
  Speaker 3: on the roof of the house, it would collapse outward
• 23:06
  Speaker 3: to the sides. Yes, same thing wants to happen to
• 23:09
  Speaker 3: geodesic dome. But in a geodesic dome, that pressure outward
• 23:14
  Speaker 3: from the force of gravity is actually equal to the
• 23:18
  Speaker 3: force that's being distributed around it, the circumferential force, and
• 23:25
  Speaker 3: since they're equal measures, they cancel each other out. Yeah,
• 23:31
  Speaker 3: so it's just like the thing is gravity free.
• 23:34
  Speaker 4: Yeah.
• 23:35
  Speaker 1: I mean, you see, you definitely see why he was like,
• 23:38
  Speaker 1: this is the house of the future because they were cheap,
• 23:40
  Speaker 1: they were strong, there were lightweight, and you know, they
• 23:45
  Speaker 1: distribute like heat just blows around them because around they're
• 23:50
  Speaker 1: really efficient to heat and cool.
• 23:52
  Speaker 4: There are a lot of really great advantages to them. Yeah.
• 23:54
  Speaker 3: And so when he I can't remember when he made
• 23:56
  Speaker 3: his first one, I think it was at a World's fair.
• 24:01
  Speaker 4: Was that the Montreal was that the first one?
• 24:03
  Speaker 3: No, Montreal was sixty seven. This one would have been
• 24:06
  Speaker 3: in Moscow fifty four.
• 24:10
  Speaker 4: Well, that's when he got his patent.
• 24:11
  Speaker 3: Yeah, I guess this would have been before the right
• 24:14
  Speaker 3: around the same time, but in fifty nine. Yeah, I
• 24:19
  Speaker 3: guess the first one must have been Ford, the Ford plant.
• 24:22
  Speaker 4: Yeah, the Ford Motor Company wanted covering.
• 24:26
  Speaker 1: And he said, well, I think this is the trick
• 24:29
  Speaker 1: and he built it, he was like, I can, and
• 24:32
  Speaker 1: this is what Ford wants to hear or any company.
• 24:34
  Speaker 1: He was like, it'll be better and cheaper, and I'll
• 24:37
  Speaker 1: get it done faster than any of these other schmucks.
• 24:40
  Speaker 3: And so bear in mind that when Ford called them
• 24:44
  Speaker 3: from Dearborn, Michigan, that they no one had ever come
• 24:48
  Speaker 3: up with this before. They thought, since they wanted to
• 24:50
  Speaker 3: enclose their courtyard, the central courtyard and just rotunda that
• 24:53
  Speaker 3: they'd built, that it was going to have to be
• 24:56
  Speaker 3: a traditional dome with buttresses and supports and like heavy
• 25:00
  Speaker 3: walls and all that. The problem was because the coreover
• 25:04
  Speaker 3: was so far across I think it was more than
• 25:06
  Speaker 3: thirty meters ninety feet across. Anything that they built would
• 25:11
  Speaker 3: probably collapse the walls of this very sturdy rotunda building.
• 25:16
  Speaker 3: So they had a problem. And when they called Buckminster Fuller,
• 25:19
  Speaker 3: I don't know how who got in touch with who.
• 25:22
  Speaker 3: It was pretty brazen for him to say what you said.
• 25:25
  Speaker 3: He said that he can get this done below cost
• 25:29
  Speaker 3: in time, it's going to be super light. And he
• 25:31
  Speaker 3: proved the world wrong, his doubters wrong, at least when
• 25:35
  Speaker 3: he built the first geodesic dome over it and it
• 25:39
  Speaker 3: was pretty awesome. Also, we didn't mention he was a freshman,
• 25:42
  Speaker 3: a freshman college dropout, so he's self taught and he
• 25:47
  Speaker 3: just came along and showed the world of engineering basically
• 25:51
  Speaker 3: a brand new type of structure, an incredibly elegantly efficient
• 25:57
  Speaker 3: type of structure. He just showed the world it could
• 25:59
  Speaker 3: be done.
• 26:00
  Speaker 4: People are just born with like a certain kind of brain.
• 26:02
  Speaker 3: That's why he deserves his own episode first.
• 26:04
  Speaker 1: Yeah, So the Ford Dome was great for a while
• 26:10
  Speaker 1: until nineteen sixty two when it was leaking and they said, hey,
• 26:14
  Speaker 1: this thing's leaking, we need to do some repair work.
• 26:17
  Speaker 1: So they were doing that, and they were waterproofing and
• 26:19
  Speaker 1: weatherproofing the panels, and they were using a waterproof see
• 26:23
  Speaker 1: through transparent waterproof sealer. But to make it easier to spray,
• 26:27
  Speaker 1: they heated it up, which makes sense. But unfortunately those
• 26:31
  Speaker 1: vapors ignited from a propane heater. This thing caught on fire.
• 26:35
  Speaker 1: And I get the idea that it was like the
• 26:40
  Speaker 1: whole thing was done in like an hour.
• 26:42
  Speaker 3: Yeah, because they sealed a lot of it with the waterproofing,
• 26:45
  Speaker 3: the highly flammable waterproofing stuff. So when a little bit
• 26:48
  Speaker 3: caught those vapors caught the whole dome. Yea caught fire
• 26:52
  Speaker 3: and it was made of like aluminium in plastic, so
• 26:54
  Speaker 3: it just went up like a match. Yeah, and they
• 26:57
  Speaker 3: were decorating for the Christmas Fantasy Exhibit low in the courtyard.
• 27:02
  Speaker 3: All that stuff caught on fire. Man, it burned the
• 27:04
  Speaker 3: whole rotunda down.
• 27:06
  Speaker 4: Imagine building.
• 27:07
  Speaker 1: There's nothing more flammable than Christmas decorations in the early noies.
• 27:11
  Speaker 4: Not a chance. Yeah, it was really sad.
• 27:13
  Speaker 1: Everyone got out of there, which is good, but by
• 27:15
  Speaker 1: the time the fire department got there, it.
• 27:17
  Speaker 4: Was too late.
• 27:17
  Speaker 3: It was toast.
• 27:19
  Speaker 4: So again he foot flames Like I can't imagine what
• 27:21
  Speaker 4: that scene looked like.
• 27:22
  Speaker 3: And it burned the whole building down. Oh yeah, Like
• 27:25
  Speaker 3: this was actually a tourist attraction. And do you imagine
• 27:29
  Speaker 3: going to Dearborn, Michigan.
• 27:30
  Speaker 4: To see the fod Dome.
• 27:32
  Speaker 3: Yes, that's what people did. I think it had seen
• 27:34
  Speaker 3: like eighteen million visitors in like it's twenty or thirty
• 27:37
  Speaker 3: years of operation and this, this waterproofing fixed burned the
• 27:41
  Speaker 3: whole thing down at Christmas time. So this I love
• 27:46
  Speaker 3: how this article kind of brushes over it says no
• 27:48
  Speaker 3: matter buck mister Fuller's geodesic dome had shown that it
• 27:52
  Speaker 3: could be done.
• 27:53
  Speaker 4: Yeah, it bears a little more digging in that for.
• 27:57
  Speaker 3: Sure, but it is true like he had shown the
• 27:59
  Speaker 3: world there's this thing, and we should start making them
• 28:03
  Speaker 3: because they are efficient, cheap, affordable and highly transportable. And
• 28:08
  Speaker 3: apparently next the next people that call was the military
• 28:11
  Speaker 3: because they wanted to start using them as like anarctic
• 28:14
  Speaker 3: bases or to cover radar dishes, that kind of thing.
• 28:18
  Speaker 4: Yeah, he very famously too in nineteen sixty seven. At no, was.
• 28:22
  Speaker 1: This the World's Fair versus a different thing? No, they
• 28:25
  Speaker 1: just didn't call it World's Fair, right. The Universal Exposition
• 28:28
  Speaker 1: in Montreal in sixty seven very famously had a two
• 28:32
  Speaker 1: hundred foot tall dome, and he was he was really
• 28:36
  Speaker 1: trying to push the limits of what you could do,
• 28:38
  Speaker 1: Like he dreamed of enclosing part of Manhattan in a dome. Yeah,
• 28:42
  Speaker 1: and saying we could give you clean air and climate control.
• 28:46
  Speaker 1: Then it'll pay for itself over time because you won't
• 28:49
  Speaker 1: have to use snowplows and all these other things that
• 28:52
  Speaker 1: cost money.
• 28:53
  Speaker 3: It seems ghastly, almost like a burnsyan type of idea.
• 28:58
  Speaker 1: Well it would, I mean definitely be a certain class
• 29:01
  Speaker 1: of people that lived in that thing.
• 29:02
  Speaker 4: Yeah, but I doubt if he'd be like, we'll do
• 29:04
  Speaker 4: it over all of you know. Queen's right.
• 29:06
  Speaker 3: Well, yeah it was lower. It was twenty second to
• 29:09
  Speaker 3: sixty second. I think from river to river in Manhattan.
• 29:12
  Speaker 4: Wow, it was.
• 29:13
  Speaker 3: It was going to be huge. And he did say
• 29:15
  Speaker 3: it could pay for itself just from snow removal, not
• 29:18
  Speaker 3: having to do snow removal. But imagine not having precipitation ever.
• 29:22
  Speaker 3: It's just it's it's wrong. There's something wrong with that.
• 29:25
  Speaker 3: But it really captures the can do engineering spirit of
• 29:30
  Speaker 3: mid century America for sure.
• 29:32
  Speaker 4: Yeah.
• 29:32
  Speaker 1: I mean you can do a cool experiment with like
• 29:35
  Speaker 1: a biosphere type of thing. You don't want Manhattan covered
• 29:38
  Speaker 1: by a dome, n you know all the smells maybe
• 29:41
  Speaker 1: Topeka or something like that. And that's one of the
• 29:44
  Speaker 1: problems is all the smells. Apparently did they just fill
• 29:48
  Speaker 1: up that dome. There's nothing to stop it.
• 29:49
  Speaker 3: Right, Yeah, the sewer gas accumulating at the top and
• 29:52
  Speaker 3: eventually exploding. Yeah, no good the Ghostbusters run around shooting
• 29:56
  Speaker 3: off proton packs inside that thing.
• 29:58
  Speaker 1: No good, Man's in a while. Since a gb ref,
• 30:02
  Speaker 1: should we take a break all right, we'll be right.
• 30:05
  Speaker 4: Back, all right.
• 30:34
  Speaker 1: So the sixties and seventies come along. He's been doing
• 30:36
  Speaker 1: a thing in the fifties, and this is when the
• 30:40
  Speaker 1: counterculture and the anti mainstream sort of vibe was hitting,
• 30:45
  Speaker 1: and so it was sort of prime. It was sort
• 30:47
  Speaker 1: of primed for these things to come into fashion. And
• 30:50
  Speaker 1: they did just for regular old houses. Yeah, they didn't
• 30:53
  Speaker 1: sweep the nation, but you know.
• 30:56
  Speaker 3: There were enough people looking for ways to very blatantly
• 31:00
  Speaker 3: thumb their nose that the established look.
• 31:02
  Speaker 4: At my round house basically.
• 31:04
  Speaker 3: Yeah, and again like it really does. It does provide
• 31:07
  Speaker 3: a lot of benefits that other ones don't, right, So,
• 31:11
  Speaker 3: like because it's a it's a sphere and it's basically
• 31:14
  Speaker 3: one big room.
• 31:16
  Speaker 1: Yeah, well yes, but you can build rooms inside of it.
• 31:19
  Speaker 3: You can't sure. But the heat in the the air
• 31:25
  Speaker 3: distribution is really efficient, so it's very cheap to heat
• 31:29
  Speaker 3: and cool. I think that the average number that people
• 31:32
  Speaker 3: reported was about thirty percent savings in energy costs.
• 31:37
  Speaker 4: That sounds totally made.
• 31:38
  Speaker 3: Up, it does, but I saw as high as fifty.
• 31:41
  Speaker 3: And it seems like the world said, no, we'll go
• 31:43
  Speaker 3: with thirty. Sure, we'll go at the lower And so
• 31:47
  Speaker 3: you've got heating and cooling efficiencies, like you were saying,
• 31:50
  Speaker 3: because it's round, it's not trying to stop wind like
• 31:54
  Speaker 3: cool wind, hot wind when it runs into your house.
• 31:58
  Speaker 3: If it's a rectangular house craftsman, mid century modern, who
• 32:02
  Speaker 3: cares it runs into it and it's going to transfer
• 32:06
  Speaker 3: heat or cold into your house?
• 32:08
  Speaker 4: Yeah, in my case, right through my windows.
• 32:10
  Speaker 3: And okay, yeah, it's a great, great example. The thing
• 32:12
  Speaker 3: is is you don't want that heat or that cool
• 32:15
  Speaker 3: in there usually, so you're gonna have to spend a
• 32:17
  Speaker 3: lot of money to artificially pump it out right. Yeah,
• 32:20
  Speaker 3: through ac with a geodesic dome, the wind kind of
• 32:27
  Speaker 3: just moves around it. It's super aerodynamic, so it's not
• 32:30
  Speaker 3: just running into this flat surface and trying to go through.
• 32:32
  Speaker 3: It's just like, excuse me, I'll just go around.
• 32:35
  Speaker 1: Yeah, And that's why they're great in Antarctica. They can
• 32:38
  Speaker 1: withstand whatever kind of weather they throw. They Antarctica. They
• 32:45
  Speaker 1: and I have seen some of these at the beach. Again,
• 32:49
  Speaker 1: they're not like the coolest looking beach house, but you
• 32:53
  Speaker 1: see them, you know, you'll see like quaint old beach
• 32:56
  Speaker 1: house cape cod geodesic dome. Yeah, and then like mcmhanson,
• 33:01
  Speaker 1: and I imagine they do very well at the beach.
• 33:03
  Speaker 3: Yeah, because after a hurricane, if a hurricane is bad enough,
• 33:06
  Speaker 3: you see empty lot, empty lot, geodesic dome, empty lot,
• 33:11
  Speaker 3: And apparently that's it's anecdotal, but that's the been reported
• 33:15
  Speaker 3: that geodesic domes can make it through substantial hurricanes when
• 33:18
  Speaker 3: the rest of the houses around it did not.
• 33:20
  Speaker 4: Yeah, it makes sense.
• 33:21
  Speaker 1: Some of the disadvantages is like we're joking about the smell,
• 33:25
  Speaker 1: but it's really true smell and sound. If you've just
• 33:29
  Speaker 1: got a big globe that you're inside, are really going
• 33:33
  Speaker 1: to move around. There's not a ton of privacy. Even
• 33:36
  Speaker 1: though you can build out sort of like living in
• 33:38
  Speaker 1: a loft. You know, you can build out rooms, but
• 33:40
  Speaker 1: if your rooms don't have a ceiling, although I guess
• 33:42
  Speaker 1: you could do that.
• 33:43
  Speaker 3: Too, you could, but then you're like, well, you know.
• 33:46
  Speaker 4: Like why am I even in a right exactly? Light
• 33:50
  Speaker 4: as well, that's a big one.
• 33:53
  Speaker 3: Yeah, you know, like the little light on your router
• 33:55
  Speaker 3: that's like really bright at night. Imagine that just being
• 33:59
  Speaker 3: dist did throughout your entire house. Yeah, no, good, No,
• 34:02
  Speaker 3: that's not a good one. Plus, I mean, if you
• 34:05
  Speaker 3: look at any piece of furniture that's ever been created
• 34:08
  Speaker 3: in the history of humanity. It's all meant for rectangular structures.
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: Yeah, unless it's some sort of custom piece for a
• 34:14
  Speaker 1: geodesic dome, which is very expensive. Yeah, you have to
• 34:17
  Speaker 1: get all this stuff made yourself. And the same goes
• 34:19
  Speaker 1: true for like the construction world is set up for
• 34:23
  Speaker 1: square right, So fixtures and plumbing and pipes and all
• 34:28
  Speaker 1: that stuff has to be sort of and contractors get
• 34:32
  Speaker 1: scared away from.
• 34:32
  Speaker 3: Me saying, oh, yeah, they won't come near it.
• 34:34
  Speaker 4: Yeah, unless you're just a specialist.
• 34:37
  Speaker 3: Sure, and you're probably like the highest paid contractor in
• 34:39
  Speaker 3: the world, yes, who works like once a year. Yes,
• 34:44
  Speaker 3: but those same disadvantages are also advantages, right, Like you
• 34:48
  Speaker 3: have a lot more floor.
• 34:49
  Speaker 4: Space, yeah, but sometimes it's wasted.
• 34:52
  Speaker 1: It can be like if you've got a big long couch,
• 34:57
  Speaker 1: you've got a bunch of space behind it that's just
• 34:59
  Speaker 1: sitting there, a little a little semicircle behind you.
• 35:02
  Speaker 3: That's why a lot of and I think this is
• 35:03
  Speaker 3: the reason why I'm not super hip on gidsigtomes is
• 35:07
  Speaker 3: a lot of the stuff is just kind of out
• 35:10
  Speaker 3: in the center of the room, right, right, And it
• 35:12
  Speaker 3: looks adrift or unanchored. That's a good thing about a
• 35:15
  Speaker 3: wall or a corner or something like that. It provides
• 35:17
  Speaker 3: a visual anchor to your stuff.
• 35:21
  Speaker 4: No one can sneak up on you.
• 35:22
  Speaker 3: No, it's maybe that's why I don't like it. I'm like,
• 35:24
  Speaker 3: what's what's behind me?
• 35:25
  Speaker 4: Do you like your back against the wall in a restaurant?
• 35:28
  Speaker 2: No?
• 35:28
  Speaker 3: I don't care about that.
• 35:29
  Speaker 4: Oh man, do you Yeah?
• 35:32
  Speaker 3: Really you're afraid you're gonna eat?
• 35:33
  Speaker 1: What?
• 35:33
  Speaker 3: Are you a gangster or something?
• 35:34
  Speaker 4: No? I don't think I'm gonna get whacked.
• 35:35
  Speaker 1: It's just, uh, I just feel exposed. And Emily is
• 35:40
  Speaker 1: very sweet. She's usually like, go ahead and take the seat,
• 35:42
  Speaker 1: but lately she's been like, no, that's mine.
• 35:44
  Speaker 3: Oh yeah, yeah, wow, what'd you do?
• 35:47
  Speaker 4: Nothing?
• 35:47
  Speaker 1: Man, it's just the time we're living in she's doing it.
• 35:51
  Speaker 3: So do you sit there and like turn around every
• 35:53
  Speaker 3: time somebody comes in.
• 35:54
  Speaker 4: The waiter comes in and I punch him, turn around
• 35:56
  Speaker 4: and punch him. Don't touch my stuff? Uh.
• 36:00
  Speaker 1: Rain, We talked about rain. It can be problematic. Yeah,
• 36:04
  Speaker 1: And it says in here that flat roofs are the best.
• 36:07
  Speaker 1: What they mean are flat roofs at an angle right
• 36:10
  Speaker 1: because a truly flat roof, it's not good. Frank Lloyd
• 36:14
  Speaker 1: Wright did a bunch of those, and they were his
• 36:16
  Speaker 1: houses were could be very problematic. He had the very
• 36:20
  Speaker 1: famous exchange. I can't remember the person, but it was
• 36:24
  Speaker 1: some very very wealthy, sort of noteworthy person. Frank Loyd
• 36:29
  Speaker 1: Wright built him a house and he called and complained
• 36:31
  Speaker 1: and said, the water is now dripping onto my desk,
• 36:34
  Speaker 1: And supposedly Frank Loyd Wright said move the desk.
• 36:37
  Speaker 3: And that sounds like frankly right. Yeah, for sure.
• 36:40
  Speaker 4: I don't know if that's a true story, but I love.
• 36:42
  Speaker 3: You it's true. Yeah, yeah, So with with the with
• 36:46
  Speaker 3: the shingle roof, even with the flat roof, like a
• 36:49
  Speaker 3: flat roof is not moving water, but it's probably not
• 36:52
  Speaker 3: coming down. There's not as many places for it to
• 36:55
  Speaker 3: come down. With a geodesic dome. Every place where your struts,
• 37:01
  Speaker 3: the sides of the triangle come together at an angle
• 37:04
  Speaker 3: at the nodes, there is a point where water can
• 37:08
  Speaker 3: get in, and actually you can get in along where
• 37:11
  Speaker 3: one triangle goes into another. There's a lot of places
• 37:14
  Speaker 3: for water to penetrate the geodesic dome. It's a water
• 37:18
  Speaker 3: nightmare from what I can tell.
• 37:21
  Speaker 4: Well, let's put together from a lot of little panels.
• 37:23
  Speaker 3: Yeah, so let's just really briefly say that. So one
• 37:26
  Speaker 3: of the things, one of the reasons why people were
• 37:28
  Speaker 3: crazy for geodesic domes is you could put them together.
• 37:31
  Speaker 3: Like we said in.
• 37:32
  Speaker 4: A day, Yeah, you can get a color coded kit.
• 37:35
  Speaker 1: You still can, and there are companies out there that
• 37:37
  Speaker 1: will send them to you, and you can get your friends,
• 37:40
  Speaker 1: get some good sixty speed.
• 37:42
  Speaker 4: In a case of beer or two, and build your
• 37:45
  Speaker 4: house in.
• 37:46
  Speaker 3: A couple of days and not sleep the entire time.
• 37:48
  Speaker 4: That's right.
• 37:49
  Speaker 3: So when you put these things together, you're building the structure,
• 37:55
  Speaker 3: and then you're coating the structure. It can be one
• 37:58
  Speaker 3: kit I saw as a greenhouse. It's a really great greenhouse.
• 38:01
  Speaker 3: I bet if you've ever been on a jungle gym
• 38:03
  Speaker 3: that was built after the sixties, those dome ones geodesic dome.
• 38:09
  Speaker 3: But what the structure can be made from a hollow tubing,
• 38:14
  Speaker 3: ply or two by fours, whatever, it can be wood,
• 38:17
  Speaker 3: it can be whatever. And then usually the outside the
• 38:21
  Speaker 3: triangles that fill in over the structure of concrete or
• 38:24
  Speaker 3: plastic or plywood or something like that. And then you
• 38:26
  Speaker 3: want to coat it but all those different seals or
• 38:30
  Speaker 3: those different seams, they're all just water heaven. Yeah, which
• 38:36
  Speaker 3: is again a big problem, well probably problem number one
• 38:39
  Speaker 3: practically speaking.
• 38:40
  Speaker 1: Yeah, it's interesting now that I think about it. It's
• 38:42
  Speaker 1: sort of how tent design has gone over the years.
• 38:47
  Speaker 1: Tints used to be just like camping tents, just like triangles,
• 38:51
  Speaker 1: like a pup tent, and then the big dome tints
• 38:54
  Speaker 1: came into fashion, and then I think the secret was
• 38:58
  Speaker 1: to try and make dome tents with his you seems
• 39:01
  Speaker 1: as possible, Yeah, because that's where your water gets in.
• 39:03
  Speaker 3: Yeah, and his few poles too, Yeah, just a couple
• 39:09
  Speaker 3: and then maybe and then there you got. You got
• 39:12
  Speaker 3: your tent.
• 39:14
  Speaker 4: You could be a tent designer.
• 39:16
  Speaker 3: I did. I want to go ahead and trademark what
• 39:18
  Speaker 3: I just said.
• 39:18
  Speaker 1: Okay, should we talk about some famous domes. I think
• 39:21
  Speaker 1: we should, because that's always the best part.
• 39:23
  Speaker 3: There's the Expo sixty seven to one that, by the way,
• 39:26
  Speaker 3: burned as well. Oh really, now the structure stayed. They
• 39:30
  Speaker 3: turned it into a biosphere in the nineties.
• 39:32
  Speaker 4: I brought no so Brendan Fraser listen there.
• 39:36
  Speaker 3: And Paul sure and Stephen Baldwin sure Man alive that's.
• 39:41
  Speaker 4: Where he's been. Uh.
• 39:43
  Speaker 1: There is the in these to me, like if you
• 39:46
  Speaker 1: look up the how do you pronounce the one in Japan.
• 39:49
  Speaker 3: The Fukuoka Yahoo Oko Dome. I was that the full
• 39:55
  Speaker 3: name yahoo Oku with an exclamation point because Yahoo.
• 39:59
  Speaker 4: Is at the sponsor an rights. Yeah.
• 40:01
  Speaker 1: So that is a baseball stadium. But when you look
• 40:04
  Speaker 1: at these like I don't like to me, I think
• 40:08
  Speaker 1: of Epcot. When you look at this baseball stadium, it
• 40:11
  Speaker 1: doesn't feel I mean, it is a geodesic dome, but
• 40:14
  Speaker 1: it just doesn't feel like that kind of futuristic like
• 40:18
  Speaker 1: highly paneled triangular thing.
• 40:19
  Speaker 3: Well, what's cool about it is the dome part actually retracts, Yeah,
• 40:24
  Speaker 3: retractable in like twenty minutes. And the reason to retracts
• 40:27
  Speaker 3: so quickly is because it's so lightweight comparatively speaking.
• 40:31
  Speaker 1: Yeah, so it's pretty sweet. There's the Doma Dome, yeah,
• 40:35
  Speaker 1: which is.
• 40:35
  Speaker 3: A wood dome that just does not sound sturdy to me.
• 40:40
  Speaker 4: Yeah. What was it?
• 40:41
  Speaker 1: Oh our Skyscraper's episode? That was that new Wood skyscraper somewhere?
• 40:47
  Speaker 1: Why do I want to say, like Nebraska? I thought
• 40:49
  Speaker 1: that was Japan too, Oh was it?
• 40:52
  Speaker 3: I think?
• 40:52
  Speaker 4: So it's one of the two.
• 40:53
  Speaker 3: Right, It's easy to get him confused.
• 40:56
  Speaker 1: The Sokka, Nebraska, they sound alike Tacoma Dome is where
• 41:01
  Speaker 1: the Sonics used to play.
• 41:03
  Speaker 3: They're like, Kevin Durant is gonna love.
• 41:05
  Speaker 1: This, oh man, so sad uh. I wonder when a
• 41:12
  Speaker 1: team leaves. I've always wondered if they just because I know,
• 41:15
  Speaker 1: like when the Browns left and became the Ravens. You know,
• 41:18
  Speaker 1: my stepfather was like, they were just dead to me.
• 41:21
  Speaker 1: Wait what Yeah, that's where the Ravens came from. They
• 41:24
  Speaker 1: were the Cleveland Browns.
• 41:25
  Speaker 3: Where the Browns aren't playing still.
• 41:27
  Speaker 1: No, no, no, they they the Browns had no there
• 41:30
  Speaker 1: were no Browns for years, and then they came back
• 41:33
  Speaker 1: and said, we'll give you a team again, Cleveland, and
• 41:34
  Speaker 1: you can be the Browns again.
• 41:36
  Speaker 3: Gotcha.
• 41:36
  Speaker 1: But he Art Modell literally famously packed up in the
• 41:39
  Speaker 1: middle of the night, like their footage of eighteen wheeler
• 41:42
  Speaker 1: trucks wow at like two am, like hauling stuff.
• 41:45
  Speaker 3: Yeah, you don't want to leave Cleveland, ask Lebron.
• 41:48
  Speaker 1: But they were dead to him after that. And I
• 41:50
  Speaker 1: always wonder, like if the Falcons left Atlanta and went
• 41:52
  Speaker 1: to Birmingham, they'd still be the same guys. I would
• 41:57
  Speaker 1: I wouldn't be like, no, screw that team.
• 41:59
  Speaker 3: No, that's that's definitely how I went with the SuperSonics
• 42:02
  Speaker 3: for sure. Yeah, Seattle was not very happy about that.
• 42:05
  Speaker 4: They were not.
• 42:05
  Speaker 3: I don't Supposedly they're going to get another team one
• 42:09
  Speaker 3: of the Microsoft founders. I Guesssniak is talking about bringing them.
• 42:13
  Speaker 3: Bring Really, somebody from Microsoft is going to bring a team.
• 42:16
  Speaker 3: They're saying, what was.
• 42:18
  Speaker 4: It Paul Allen?
• 42:20
  Speaker 1: I don't think so he just passed away though, right,
• 42:23
  Speaker 1: Maybe it was Paul Allen. I mean he owned the Sonics,
• 42:25
  Speaker 1: I think, but he was from Microsoft. I'm just getting
• 42:30
  Speaker 1: all confused now. No, I think was Bill Gates partner
• 42:33
  Speaker 1: he died. Yeah, I think he died kind of in
• 42:35
  Speaker 1: the last like six months.
• 42:37
  Speaker 3: Oh well, maybe Seattle's not getting a basketball team.
• 42:39
  Speaker 4: I'm not sure. Okay, where did they go? Oh? Oklahoma City?
• 42:43
  Speaker 2: Right?
• 42:43
  Speaker 1: Yeah, it's so confusing everyone for two half sports guys
• 42:48
  Speaker 1: like us, we don't even make a full sports guy.
• 42:50
  Speaker 3: Who's your team this season?
• 42:52
  Speaker 4: Well?
• 42:53
  Speaker 1: I always root for the Hawks, but it's just they're
• 42:54
  Speaker 1: a wasteland. It's pretty big, so I don't even care.
• 42:58
  Speaker 3: Yeah, who does Shrewder play?
• 42:59
  Speaker 4: For now Olama does he?
• 43:03
  Speaker 3: I thought it was a different Western team, you like
• 43:06
  Speaker 3: Lebron in La.
• 43:08
  Speaker 1: Sure, we should have a sports show called the Worst
• 43:10
  Speaker 1: Sports Show on the Web kind of.
• 43:13
  Speaker 3: This is a trailer for it.
• 43:15
  Speaker 1: What about the Eden Project? That one's pretty cool? And
• 43:18
  Speaker 1: aren't there two of these? And there one in China
• 43:21
  Speaker 1: as well?
• 43:21
  Speaker 3: I think they're going to open one in China. I
• 43:23
  Speaker 3: think there's a third one they're opening. But the one
• 43:25
  Speaker 3: that the original ones in corn Cornwall, I'm sorry, canal.
• 43:30
  Speaker 4: Cornhole in the UK.
• 43:33
  Speaker 3: God knows how you pronounce that. I guarantee it's not Cornwall.
• 43:36
  Speaker 4: Probably Cornwall. Maybe this one's really cool though.
• 43:41
  Speaker 1: This is one where you look it up and you're like,
• 43:42
  Speaker 1: this is what you should be doing right with In
• 43:45
  Speaker 1: geodesic dome like experimentation.
• 43:48
  Speaker 3: They build a diome or biome. Yeah, that's one of
• 43:51
  Speaker 3: the points of a geodesic dome is you can create
• 43:55
  Speaker 3: a different climate inside a larger climate. It's a bubble.
• 43:58
  Speaker 3: You're creating a climate bubble. Yeah, that's what the Eden
• 44:00
  Speaker 3: Project did at least, and they have two of them.
• 44:02
  Speaker 3: They've got a tropical biome and then a smaller Mediterranean biome.
• 44:06
  Speaker 3: So cool and they're just beautiful, lots of amazing plants
• 44:09
  Speaker 3: and waterfalls and just great stuff. Apparently it's a wonderful
• 44:13
  Speaker 3: tourist attraction. I would go, I totally. I think there's
• 44:16
  Speaker 3: also a witchcraft museum in Cornwall that I want to
• 44:19
  Speaker 3: go to. Let's do it, man, all right, we're going
• 44:22
  Speaker 3: road trip. Yeah, we got to do a UK tour again.
• 44:25
  Speaker 4: Yeah, that was awesome, and.
• 44:26
  Speaker 3: Then we'll detour off to Cornwall.
• 44:28
  Speaker 4: Maybe do a show there. How many people are there Cornwall?
• 44:31
  Speaker 3: Let us know if we should do a show there.
• 44:32
  Speaker 4: Let's do a live show inside the Tropical Biome.
• 44:35
  Speaker 3: That'd be cool.
• 44:35
  Speaker 4: I wonder if we could set that up.
• 44:37
  Speaker 3: We could also do an a upcot too. We'll we'll
• 44:40
  Speaker 3: do a geodesic dome tour.
• 44:43
  Speaker 4: Can we do one inside of the castle and the magic?
• 44:45
  Speaker 3: And you can ask?
• 44:47
  Speaker 4: You have connections there? Right?
• 44:48
  Speaker 1: Yeah?
• 44:49
  Speaker 3: Friend Brandon, that's right who built my site, the Josh
• 44:51
  Speaker 3: Clarkway dot com.
• 44:52
  Speaker 1: I know I'm gonna have to get in touch with
• 44:54
  Speaker 1: him as my kid gets older. I have to finally
• 44:56
  Speaker 1: drag Emily down there.
• 44:57
  Speaker 3: He will happily help you out. He's a great guy.
• 45:00
  Speaker 3: He helped my brother out. Oh and by the way.
• 45:02
  Speaker 3: I'm glad you brought that up. Congratulations to Brandon and
• 45:06
  Speaker 3: Katie on the birth of their first ever child.
• 45:08
  Speaker 4: Oh wow, yes, Cooper born into Disney Royalty.
• 45:11
  Speaker 3: Yeah, pretty much. That's pretty great. Congrats dudes.
• 45:14
  Speaker 4: I wonder if Cooper's gonna go up and just be like, yeah,
• 45:17
  Speaker 4: take care to leave it. I go like twice a week.
• 45:19
  Speaker 3: Right, this is euro Disney. I wish it was euro Disney.
• 45:23
  Speaker 1: Well, that is Spaceship Earth, of course, is the one
• 45:26
  Speaker 1: we're talking about there that we mentioned. One hundred and
• 45:28
  Speaker 1: eighty feet tall silver geosphere very much the central sort
• 45:33
  Speaker 1: of shining star of EPCOT.
• 45:35
  Speaker 3: That's what everybody thinks of with EPCOT.
• 45:37
  Speaker 4: Yep every shirt, well not every shirt, but.
• 45:42
  Speaker 3: Did you know that EPCOT is an acronym, Chuck?
• 45:46
  Speaker 1: I did, but I remembered that from when I was
• 45:48
  Speaker 1: a kid, but I can't remember now.
• 45:50
  Speaker 4: What is it?
• 45:50
  Speaker 3: Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow. That's right, And the name
• 45:56
  Speaker 3: of the geodesic dome is actually called Spaceship Earth and
• 45:59
  Speaker 3: it was direct influenced by Bucky Fuller. Walt Disney was
• 46:04
  Speaker 3: a big futurist. That's why there's like tomorrow Land and
• 46:06
  Speaker 3: all that stuff. Yeah, and why there's upcott in general.
• 46:10
  Speaker 3: But not only did he inspire Spaceship Earth. The name
• 46:13
  Speaker 3: Spaceship Earth comes from a Bucky Fuller essay kind of
• 46:17
  Speaker 3: a novella called an Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth. You
• 46:23
  Speaker 3: can find the pdf for free on the web and
• 46:26
  Speaker 3: get a pretty good idea of Bucky Fuller's whole jam.
• 46:30
  Speaker 4: You know what I heard.
• 46:31
  Speaker 1: I heard that that very famous Walt Disney signature is
• 46:35
  Speaker 1: not his signature, and I believe that a cartoonist designer
• 46:38
  Speaker 1: came up with that.
• 46:39
  Speaker 3: It's too perfect. I could totally see that. Yeah, I'm
• 46:44
  Speaker 3: not I'm not affected by that. I'm okay with it.
• 46:46
  Speaker 4: Oh really, he's not just a big fraud now in
• 46:49
  Speaker 4: your mind.
• 46:50
  Speaker 3: Basically, I let him off the hook. If you want
• 46:54
  Speaker 3: to know more about geodesic domes, go make friends with
• 46:56
  Speaker 3: a hippie. And since I said that it's time for
• 46:59
  Speaker 3: listener mail.
• 47:02
  Speaker 1: I'm gonna call one of our new young fans. Got
• 47:04
  Speaker 1: a very sweet email from Veronica. Hey, guys, I'm Veronica,
• 47:09
  Speaker 1: fifteen years old and I'm from Indianapolis, Indiana. I just
• 47:12
  Speaker 1: heard about Sarah, the thirteen year old superfan who's like
• 47:15
  Speaker 1: fifteen out yeah, Sarah's she's Miss carn and I too,
• 47:20
  Speaker 1: am a super fan. I started listening when I was
• 47:22
  Speaker 1: nine or ten with my mom every once in a while.
• 47:24
  Speaker 1: Then I got an iPod and started listening to regularly
• 47:27
  Speaker 1: when I was eleven. I love listening to the show
• 47:30
  Speaker 1: when I'm getting ready in the morning and I'm going
• 47:32
  Speaker 1: to school or going to sleep before bed. Every time
• 47:35
  Speaker 1: you guys do a tour announcement, I always hope you're
• 47:36
  Speaker 1: going to say somewhere close, like within two hours of Indianapolis.
• 47:41
  Speaker 1: But I don't think that has ever happened.
• 47:42
  Speaker 3: Dude, Cleveland is not that far from Indianapolis.
• 47:45
  Speaker 1: I took a break from podcasts for about two months,
• 47:47
  Speaker 1: but I missed listening to them, so I came back
• 47:49
  Speaker 1: and now I'm back regularly again.
• 47:51
  Speaker 4: I just want to stop in and say hi.
• 47:53
  Speaker 1: If I'm lucky, I'll make it to the podcast, but
• 47:55
  Speaker 1: I don't expect it. Just keep being you, guys, because
• 47:59
  Speaker 1: I loved to learn about the four different types of
• 48:01
  Speaker 1: cat hair, the fact that cinnamon is a type of
• 48:03
  Speaker 1: tree bark, perfume is made from whale vomit, and eurosoul
• 48:07
  Speaker 1: is what makes poison. I'd be so itchy Wow, my
• 48:10
  Speaker 1: mom really likes your beard, Chuck, and she hopes that
• 48:12
  Speaker 1: someone gives you some beard.
• 48:13
  Speaker 4: Lights for Christmas.
• 48:15
  Speaker 3: Oh. I saw those.
• 48:16
  Speaker 1: If you don't know what they are, they are just
• 48:17
  Speaker 1: little ornaments that you hang in your beard.
• 48:19
  Speaker 3: Have you seen them?
• 48:20
  Speaker 4: And they light up SuperFestive?
• 48:22
  Speaker 3: Do you want some?
• 48:22
  Speaker 4: No? Okay, I cut most of my beard.
• 48:25
  Speaker 3: I just noticed that it looks very trim.
• 48:27
  Speaker 1: This is sort of like the old days. Looks nice
• 48:30
  Speaker 1: and that is. She put a sign to Veronica, which
• 48:32
  Speaker 1: is adorable. Thank you, Veronica, so Veronica. I think we should.
• 48:36
  Speaker 1: We're trying to hit the major cities we've never been to. Eventually,
• 48:40
  Speaker 1: I think we might want to put Indianapolis on the
• 48:41
  Speaker 1: list for twenty nineteen. Oh boy, and give Indiana some love.
• 48:46
  Speaker 3: Okay, fine.
• 48:48
  Speaker 1: This year we were like, I don't know, Salt Lake City, Phoenix,
• 48:51
  Speaker 1: and they were great.
• 48:52
  Speaker 3: It's true. Well, to be honest, Salt Lake City came
• 48:56
  Speaker 3: out for us.
• 48:58
  Speaker 4: Time.
• 48:58
  Speaker 3: They email us, They're like, yes, pa, can. We got
• 49:00
  Speaker 3: such an overwhelming response that we're like, how can we
• 49:03
  Speaker 3: say no?
• 49:04
  Speaker 1: So we should go to Indianapolis. I told her if
• 49:06
  Speaker 1: we do, then we'll put her and mom on.
• 49:07
  Speaker 4: The guest list.
• 49:08
  Speaker 3: That's very nice.
• 49:09
  Speaker 4: Yeah, okay, they have a domina settled. They could we
• 49:12
  Speaker 4: could go to a show there where the Colts play.
• 49:14
  Speaker 3: We could Is it the Colts? What do they play? Soccer?
• 49:17
  Speaker 4: Yeah? But they came from Baltimore, who then became the Ravens.
• 49:20
  Speaker 4: It's just so weird. Everyone's moving all over the place.
• 49:22
  Speaker 3: Who's the great leader of the Pacers? Now?
• 49:26
  Speaker 4: Victor the great leader? Yeah, great leader?
• 49:30
  Speaker 3: Kim Jong Victor.
• 49:33
  Speaker 4: Another coach?
• 49:34
  Speaker 3: No, no, he's like their captain. But yeah, he's a player.
• 49:37
  Speaker 4: I don't know. Run our test or right now.
• 49:41
  Speaker 3: Victor Borgia, Yes, Victor Borgia is now anyway, we're going
• 49:45
  Speaker 3: to list him to once I remember his last name,
• 49:47
  Speaker 3: because he's a Victor Victoria player. If you want to know, well,
• 49:50
  Speaker 3: I already said that. If you want to get in
• 49:52
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