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An Enormous Radioactive Mass Is Heading Right for Earth · Made of Stars

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Warning. The following podcast contains an entertaining look at astronomy, physics, and
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space news throughout the known universe. Listeners have been known to learn about astronomical
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phenomenon the scientific method and expand the vocabulary to include terms like quasar, asterism
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and uranus. Listen, that's your own risk. Go ahead. Whem Made
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of Stars, Made of Stars, made sar. You could be from Highllywood,
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New Mexico, Mars. Where are stars? We are made of Stars?
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Joined by my good friend doctor Sean Cruising from Columbia State University's Cocola Space
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Science Center. I'm Wes Carol, Morning Sean, Good morning West. You
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know space stories are always fun, but there are some particularly fun space stories.
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Today. Well, it seems like about, I don't know, every
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other week, I feel like, on average, we get another story that
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says, oh my goodness, the James Webb Space Telescope has another big win.
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I feel like every two weeks it is probably the average. I know
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some weeks we get them once a week, but it seems to me,
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and I don't know if this is accurate or not, but it's like on
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a two week cycle, they pointed at something cool and then two weeks later
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they pointed at something else cool, and then two weeks later they pointed at
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something else cool. Or is it just pointed in a general direction and it
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just happens to be catching stuff. I don't know what the whole operation of
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this thing is, but does it have a stream of Hey, can we
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point it over at this? Hey? Hey, can we point it over
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at that? How about if we pointed over at this. Is that the
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way it works or is it just kind of looking out into deep space and
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people are just looking for stuff to go, wow, I'm amazing image.
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You know, in a professional sense, it's much closer to the first thing
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you described, which is a whole list of really cool things that they wanted
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to point at, point the telescope at to get images from. And you
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know, they basically submit that as a as a preflight program. Okay,
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if we get this thing to space and it actually works, one of the
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most important targets for this thing to point at. And so they're still kind
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of working their way through that list of Hey, these are really important things
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that need to be among the first objects they get looked at. Right,
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So so they're still doing that. They are they will begin to take proposals
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for new original ideas for pointing the telescope, but they're still working their way
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through all the checklist of the of the objects they wanted to make sure and
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get imaged. One of those happens to be a very familiar star to many
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amateur astronomers or people who just like the bright stars and constellations, and that
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star is called foam alo. Now some people pronounce it foamal hot or foam
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a lot, which sounds like something you do after you eat a certain restaurants
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foam a lot, but it's or a bad a bad beer. Poor would
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be a foam a lot, you know, that could be a foam a
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lot. Yeah. Shake up a coke, you know, that's a foam
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a lot. Drop in rolling around in the backseat of your vehicle, you
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know, before you pop it open, and but you're thirsty, so you
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reach back and grab it and put it in the cup holder and click that
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tab. But it's foams a lot, mento a lot mentos into a diet
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coke. That's a foam a whole lot. Yeah, that's a foam a
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whole lot. Yeah, that's a different one. That's anyway, So I
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grew up pronouncing the star as foam a loo. Somebody taught me that that
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t at the end was silent, So Foamolo anyway, So James Webb's space
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telescope points at Foamolo. Foam Malo is the brightest star in the constellation of
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Pisces Astrinus, the Southern Fish. So if you're looking for the Southern Fish,
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you'll want to find Foamolo because Foamolo is that brightest star over there.
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Now, for those of us who love the nighttime sky and love to point
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telescopes of the nighttime sky, we know Foamolo is like an old friend.
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It's a bright star that begins appearing in the autumn skies in the early evening,
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and it lets us know that a change of season is coming with a
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whole new batch of constellations, and it's like old friends returning to the sky.
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The Foamolo is the eighteenth brightest star in the sky, and that's because
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it's a very young star. As it turns out, it's about one tenth
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of the age of the Sun, so by comparison, it's a lot younger.
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It's also relatively nearby. It's only about twenty five light years away,
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which I wouldn't want to walk that distance. However, in the cosmic scale
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of things, that's right here in the backyard. So it's a it's a
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relatively nearby young star, and as such, it has a disc of material
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surrounding it from which objects are still in the process of formation. So there
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are there are various evidence in Foamolo, in the disc of dust surrounding it,
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that there are both asteroids and even proto planets still forming in that dust,
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those dust shells around the star. All right, Well, it turns
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out that the James Webb Space Telescope, because it has infrared cameras, is
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just really good at imaging bands of dust, particularly around other stars. And
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so when we point the James Webb Space Telescope at Foamolo and see the bands
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of dust, we see discs of material that appear to be kind of nested
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belts, is how they're described in the article from Universe Today dot com.
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It's a great article about this observation. And so the scientists from Space Telescope
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Science Institute and University of Arizona, who are the lead scientists on this project,
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they are telling us that they think that some of the structure is actually
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an asteroid belt. An asteroid belt in the process of coming together in the
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disks of dust surrounding the nearby young star Foamolo. Way to go, James
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Webb Space Telescope. We didn't know that and now we do. And kudos
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to whoever decided beforehand to point it in that direction, you know. I
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mean that they always deserve credit for getting it in the right order. I'm
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always amazed when like it's pointed at something and then something really amazing happens and
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you think, oh my gosh, if they just gotten it in a different
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order, like if they were pointed at Foamolo instead of pointed at this other
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maybe would have missed out on a crazy image. But instead they got it
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in just the right order. It's just everything since they dropped it and got
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it up into space has been great. After dropping it, everything from that
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point on has been great with the James Web Space Telescope. Sorry, any
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opportunity I can bring up, opportunity to bring up that they dropped it is
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just because it's such an amazing success since being dropped. I mean, that's
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the reason I feel like anyway, it's like when a team goes from worst
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to first in sports, you know, it's dropping. It is worst,
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and all these amazing images and discoveries is first. That's just the reality.
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All right. Let's have a vision of some I have a vision of something
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like, you know, the Mona Lisa being hung in the louver, and
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right before they get the wire on the nail, you know, or whatever
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however they hang it, they drop the Mona Lisa, right yeah, and
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it hits the floor and everybody looks at each other like, oh, we
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just dropped the Mona Lisa. Well, in the science world, that'd be
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the equivalent of dropping the James Webb Space Telescope slightly before launch after literally decades
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of development. Yeah, that happened, and it's still working. Actually,
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now, knowing how much incredible science has been achieved because of it since then,
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it only adds to the Oh my gosh, they dropped it right before
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they launched it. We were so close to missing out on all of this.
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Um let's talk wire on a nail. By the way, I'm not
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sure what do you think if it was at my house it would be Yeah,
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it's probably It's probably a little more to it than that. I mean,
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I'm just thinking there may be a little bit more than you know.
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Does it ever get a little, just a little off kilter, just a
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little someone's gonna walk up and line it up. Because we were at someone's
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house recently and someone said something about, yeah, that one's a little and
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I have to fix it. I'm sorry, but it's just a little off.
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It's something in me that's making me adjust your pictures anyway. Uh So
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they have special people who are especially certified to go straight, and they wear
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special gloves the whole time. We're nailed wire just right. We typically record
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this show on Thursday morning. Today is the eleventh of May as we're recording
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this, and today as a significant day when it comes to I don't know,
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giant sized masses of radiation just slamming into the earth. I guess it
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started this morning and it will continue on throughout the day. That doesn't sound
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great. Yeah, So there's a mass of radioactive material hurtling at us from
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the Sun that's approximately the same mass as Mount Everest. It's traveling at two
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point two million miles per hour, and it was scheduled to arrive at some
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time between eight this morning and two pm this afternoon, and as we record,
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we're kind of in the middle of that window. So there's there's no
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wonder I feel a little, you know, itchy or something. I think
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I'm being bathed than radiation from the Sun. Probably the Sun noticed that the
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Mona Lisa was just a little thicken, so of slapped us into place.
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It's possible that that's happening anyway. So what we do know is this,
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ladies and gentlemen, a coronal mass ejection is expected to hit Earth's magnetic field
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today as we speak, as we are recording. And I guess maybe the
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fun part, if there's a fun part about, you know, mountain sized
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batches of radiations slamming into our planet at two point two million miles per hour,
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If there's a fun side of that, it's all of those of you
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who are listening from the night side of Earth right now. In other words,
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some relatives of yours, perhaps in Australia, things like that, you
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know, the author of our theme song, you know, people like that.
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So if you're listening to the show, you should go outside and look
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right now see if you can see northern lights, because here in the United
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States, such storms as this one, which produced what's called a G three
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class geomagnetic storm. That's the outcome that they think the projecting to take place.
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That's a fairly significant geomagnetic storm, which means even down here in what
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we call the contiguous forty eight states of the United States, you might be
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able to see northern lights. So you know, such storms have sprung northern
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lights as far south as Nebraska, and so that's actually, you know,
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pretty far south. And so if you're in the night side of the Earth,
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run outside right now and tell me you know tex Texas here at the
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show. Send us a message on Facebook tell us if you're seeing the Aurora
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borealis or the Aurora estralla is taking place, Aurora Estrallas being the southern lights,
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right, So a really interesting storm. Now listen, this pretty fairly
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large explosion has another weird angle to it. It came from a sun spot
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that has a reverse polarity. Okay, what does that mean. Well,
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so, as the sunspot cycle occurs, it goes through both minimum periods of
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activity and maximum periods of activity. But when it ramps up towards the maximum
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period of activity, and all of the sun spots are beginning to appear on
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the face of the Sun and there are more flares and things like that.
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All of those sunspots have the same polarity. In other words, they have
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the north on one side and the south on the other side. Why to
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stay north and south, I mean magnetic poles, so that like a thing
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about like a bar magnet has an N and an S on it the north
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side of the field and the south side of the field. Well, the
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sunspots all have that too, and they all are in the same orientation.
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And there are a fair number of sun spots on the Sun right now because
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we're ramping up toward solar max. But the sunspot group that shot this gigantic
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explosion into space was lyne the other way. It had South on the wrong
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side and North on the wrong side compared to all the other sunspots around it,
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so that means it's kind of like it's part of the last solar cycle.
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It's like a sun spot that doesn't even belong to the current solar cycle,
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which is really weird and only happens in about three percent of all sunspots,
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so it's a really rare and large sunspot group. One of the other
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things is when this reverse polarity happens for a sunspot group on the Sun,
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it also makes it more likely to explode. So that means that probably prime
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this explosion that we're talking about now, but also could prime other explosions in
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the next you know, say two or three days as that sunspot moves its
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way across the face of the Sun. So a really interesting sunscape for our
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May eleventh, twenty twenty three. So does that polarity difference does that have
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any bearing on the size of this thing? Because I mean, this is
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and I know we've had some large ones that we've talked about on the show,
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especially historically, and things have happened. But does the polarity difference and
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that explosion you're talking about, does that play into how large this particular one
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is. Yeah, so I will myth that I don't know the answer to
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that question. So the reverse polarity sunspots are rare enough, and I'm not
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a solar astronomer, that's not my gig. That I don't know, but
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I can tell you that this one's big. So this particular sunspot group is
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large, and I do know that they're more likely to erupt because of that
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reverse polarity. So that leads me to believe that you could be right that
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these probably tend to be larger, because why does a sunspot group grow,
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Well, a sunspot group grows because of contorted magnetic fields. And so if
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you have a reverse polarity to the general magnetism around you, you're probably a
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little sunspot that is going to get fed and grow because of all the magnetic
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disturbance around that reverse polarity region on the Sun. So I would guess that
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that that relationship does exist, and we're going to keep an eye because obviously
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if we get more of these things like you're talking about, we'll be talking
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about them in the weeks to come. We have been a little tough,
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speaking of weeks, the last few weeks, and I was telling a friend
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who was about to listen to our show for the first time, and he
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said, hey, give me a good show to start with. And I'm
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like, well, the beginning, you know, go all the way back
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to the very beginning. But if you're if you're just gonna go something sort
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of recent, I was like, a good sort of three episode arc for
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us would have been to go back to when SpaceX had their successful launch and
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we were talking about what a great launch they had and how they were all
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celebrating at SpaceX. And then the week after that it was well, now
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let's talk about really what happened and why maybe wasn't quite as successful to anybody
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but the people who went, hey, look, big rocket went in the
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air. And then last week we talked about the fact that, you know,
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Elon Musk is going, hey, we could be launching again in sixty
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eight weeks. This is we're right on track. So we've had this like,
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I mean, if it's a trilogy of movies, I thought, well,
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that's a good three storyline we could go with for them, because it
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was very you know, you had the success, then you had the middle,
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bad news, had the Empire strikes back there in the middle kind of
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ends on a downer, and then a little bit more of hopeful optimism from
16:06
the folks at SpaceX. But this week it's kind of like the fourth installment
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where we say congratulation SpaceX because they've had a pretty significant milestone, a very
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significant milestone. Yeah, an extremely significant milestone, and you know the fact
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that well, let me say it this way, if you're gonna do a
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space podcast, which we are, you're gonna talk about SpaceX, right.
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I mean, if you're gonna do a space news podcast, which we are,
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you're gonna speak about SpaceX a lot. Because they're not just doing one
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thing, ladies and gentlemen. Most space companies are focused on one thing.
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SpaceX is accomplishing a variety of goals across a spectrum of space endeavors, which
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is why their name ends up in the news a lot. So not only
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are they delivering commercial success for satellite vendors things like that, but they're also
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putting up their own space based Internet system, and they're also developing their own
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lander for NASA's Artemis program, And they're also developing their own potential solar system
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exploring rocket. And they're also delivering commercial astronauts to the International Space Station,
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and they're also delivering NASA astronauts to the International Space Station. And do you
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see a pattern here? Right? So SpaceX is everywhere. That's why we're
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talking about them. And the heart and soul of their launch capability system is
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their Falcon rocket family. And it goes back to Falcon nine. Why do
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we call it Falcon and nine should be called Falcon nine. Every says,
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every says Falcon nine. It was named after the Millennium Falcon, which we
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say is Falcon because we're Star Wars fans, but anyway, so it's the
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Falcon nine is a rocket that has nine engines, and sometimes they'll take the
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duct tape and strap three of those bottle rockets together, and then they have
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something called the Falcon Heavy which is their heavy lift vehicle that has twenty seven
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engines. It really has three Falcon nines duct tape together. So with those
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two being the rockets were discussing, we call the Falcon rocket family. SpaceX
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has now had two hundred straight successful missions, two hundred missions in a row
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that have been a success. The latest one was a launch yesterday from California
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from the deserts of California where they put up fifty one more of their own
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Starlink Internet satellites. So that's a case where one branch of SpaceX is being
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the customer to another branch of SpaceX. So again the diversity of their programming,
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right. So the Starlink system love it or hate it for you know,
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the environmental reasons, and astronomers certainly hate it because it passes in front
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of their telescopes when they're trying to take pictures of, oh, I don't
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know, you know, big objects in space that are very interesting. So
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so the satellites, though, are destined to provide Internet access for people around
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the world via satellites. In other words, you don't have to have a
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DSL cable to have some kind of Internet connectivity. There are now four thousand,
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three hundred and ninety one of these rocks, of these satellites that have
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been launched from SpaceX rockets, so we call that a constellation. So that's
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a huge number of satellites, all successfully launched on Falcon rockets. The two
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hundredth consecutive mission for SpaceX and and their and their family of these Falcon rockets
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is a record unmatched by any other space launch vehicle. So says spaceflight Now
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dot com has this wonderful story on there. They haven't they haven't had an
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error with a Falcon nine rocket since two thousand and sixteen. Twenty sixteen was
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the last time, and that was actually a launch pad error and not something
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that happened in space. So the Falcon nine rocket was sitting on the launch
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pad with a an Israeli communication satellite aboard, and unfortunately it exploded. There
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was a helium tank issue and an overpressuring issue, and that whole rocket just
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exploded right there on the launch pad. Now that was a tad messy,
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but it had been years to that point since they had an in flight accident.
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So this record of two hundred consecutive launches the interrupter is something that happened
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on the launchpad. There were many, many successful rocket launches in a row
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prior to that launch pad failure, so really the numbers more than two hundred
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if you count, just like in flight errors. They haven't had one for
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even a much longer streak. So so that's a really interesting story and it
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just shows you how far number one SpaceX has come, but number two,
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how far commercial space in general has come. Commercial space certainly a good idea.
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SpaceX kind of the vanguard of that, but certainly not the only one.
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So a really interesting and very important achievement for SpaceX. There's a new
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competitor for a private space station. We will talk about that right after this
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break. Okay, So we know that there are a few different variations of
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what's going going on in the current space race. It's all about the Moon,
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it's all about Mars. There there's various things where you know, China
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is trying to beat us there, we're trying to beat to China or whatever.
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The actual it used to be so out loud, right back in the
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day Russia America, it was so above board. Now it just sort of
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seems like we know there are people trying to get to certain places. First,
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there's another version of a bit of a space race that's going on,
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where trying to get a private space station orbiting the Earth. We know that
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there's an eventual end to the International Space Station coming, and there's private companies
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to say, well, we could do that. We could put one up.
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We could put a giant bounce house in the sky and let people take
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vacations there and sleep in it. There's a few options on the table.
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But we have a new person that has decided, or a new company I
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should say, that's decided, Hey, we'd like to get involved in this.
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Yeah, And obviously this company may be new to us, just because
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we're now hearing about it in the space media. And by the way,
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I'm referring to a story on space dot com when I talk about this.
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By the way, space dot dot com a great website to find out all
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of your space news. So the race is on for a company to launch
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its first ever private space station. So who's going to be first? Right?
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I Mean, it's one thing for all these different companies to have their
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own bouncy houses in space where you could go up and visit and bounce in
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the bouncy house and stay in the space hotel and all that stuff. But
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it's an achievement to be the first one. That's people remember firsts, right,
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Like very few people remember the seventh man on the moon, but they
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remember the first man on the moon, that's Neil. So anyway, the
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point being who will be first? Now, a company that looked like it
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had been leading the way was Axiom Space. An Axiom Space has been working
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with NASA for a while. They are one of for different companies to have
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NASA contracts to build commercial orbiting platforms in space. And we've heard a lot
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about the Axiom Space station. However, a new company has just kind of
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leaped onto the scene and is stealing some headlines this morning at least, and
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that's a company called Vast Space. Vast Vast Space. They're a California based
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company and they are now announcing that they're going to be flying their space habitat
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by twenty twenty five, a mere two years from right now. Now,
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that's roughly the same time scale as what Axiom had been planning to do.
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But Axiom is building a module that's going to be attached to the International Space
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Station and then they were going to build out from that module and then eventually
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detach into their own free flying orbital outpost. So this other company, vast
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Space, that's not what they're doing. They're just going to put their own
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module into orbit, and their module is called the Haven one. But here's
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what makes the story different. It's because they're collaborating with SpaceX, like actually
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collaborating on the space station itself with SpaceX. One of the examples of that
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collaboration is it'll be SpaceX that has already contracted to take their astronauts back and
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forth to Haven one. But also while the SpaceX Dragon is attached to Haven
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one, the SpaceX environmental systems will be used to provide environmental controls to the
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Haven one vehicle. Ah. You see, when you have an already proven
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and working spacecraft and you're suddenly going to use their systems to make sure your
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air and water are plentiful, clean and available. That makes a huge difference.
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That gives them a competitive advantage. So companies like like Axiom Space,
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like Blue Origin, like Nano Rax, like Northrop Grumman, all of whom
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are working on orbital platforms based on NASA contracts. All of those companies basically
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are planning to do their own environmental controls and not necessarily partner with SpaceX like
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this, so SpaceX once again giving them a bit of a competitive advantage.
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So it's going to be really interesting to see what happens now. One last
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punchline on all this is NASA just wants somebody to have something up there and
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flying before they have to retire their own orbital outpost, the International Space Station,
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and that retirement date's coming up. It's twenty thirty, So that's their
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planned retirement for the International Space Station is in twenty thirty, and so they're
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going to be encouraging all of these companies. They just need to be They
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need to have some orbital platform up there that they can send their own astronauts
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to to do a variety of experiments. So so yeah, it's going to
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be an interesting commercial or private space race for the next space station in orbit
26:56
around the Earth. Meteorites may contain a lot of information about the early Solar
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System, a magnetic memory perhaps. Yeah, and so this is a really
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interesting story and it comes with a little bit of a cautionary tale at the
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end. So let's just say that in the early history of the planet Mars,
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that Mars's interior or its core might be just a little bit different than
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it is today, and it might have been more molten. And if that's
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true, then Mars may have had a magnetic field around it, which doesn't
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have a substantial magnetic field today as a very weak magnetic field, but it
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might have had a much more active magnetic field in the past. And to
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continue our hypothetical story, let's just say that when Mars had that magnetic field,
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it was suddenly struck by a large asteroid collided with that planet Mars,
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and threw debris out into the free floating parts of the Solar System. Well,
28:03
some of that debris, if it had been metallic in nature, it
28:07
might have carried away signatures from the magnetic field of the planet Mars, and
28:12
then over time it could drift through the Solar System and actually encounter the Earth
28:18
and fall in through Earth's atmosphere as a meteorite laying out somewhere in the desert,
28:26
or maybe on a snow capped mountain, or maybe in Antarctica, or
28:30
somewhere where it's contrast with the surrounding terrain makes it obvious to rock hounds to
28:37
say, hey, this weird rock doesn't look like it belongs here, And
28:41
that's how meteorite hunters locate rocks. Well, ladies and gentleman, the story
28:47
I've outlined for you has actually happened. It's happened many times where we've found
28:51
chunks of either the Moon or Mars laying around as a fallen meteorite on the
28:56
Earth. Now, if you're not sure or if the object that you have
29:02
found is actually a meteorite, well, it turns out that meteorite hunters have
29:07
had a trick for a long time, which is they keep a magnet in
29:11
their pocket and they whip out the magnet and they try to stick the magnet
29:15
to the meteorite because many found meteorites have an iron nickel composition and therefore a
29:22
magnet will stick to them. Well, here's the problem. The problem is
29:26
if you do that, you might erase the subtle evidence contained in that meteorite
29:34
of the magnetic field from its progenitor planet like either Mars or the Moon or
29:38
something else. Right. In other words, you could damage information contained in
29:44
that meteorite by whipping out your far too strong magnet and sticking it into the
29:48
surface and going, oh, it's metallic, therefore I believe it's from another
29:52
world. And so a cautionary tale from Universe today dot com is that scientists
29:59
are trying to get the word out to amateur meteorite hunters to please not use
30:03
magnets when they find these objects. There are other ways to verify that there
30:08
are meteorites besides sticking a magnet to it, and the magnet reorders the magnetism
30:14
within the meteorite and might erase this really important information from these celestial time capsules.
30:21
So, once again story on Universe today dot com. If you're a
30:25
person who loves to look for meteorites, yeah, maybe don't use a magnet
30:27
to test it. Maybe go through some of the other testing, including density
30:33
testing, and there's other things you can do to see whether or not your
30:37
object might be a meteorite. Also, and I mean this isn't coming,
30:41
you know, from scientists in general, especially these scientists that are offering that
30:45
advice. I'm just offering advice not to keep a magnet in the pocket with
30:49
your credit cards and debit cards. That's another thing that could be greatly affected
30:53
by it, but for very different reasons. And you just don't want to
30:56
go to USB drives and your phone. There's reasons not to carry powerful magnets
31:02
in your pocket, that's right, or you know, any sort of you
31:04
know, if you've got an external hard drive, you don't want a magnet
31:07
near it. It's just not a not a good combination. You have a
31:11
pocket based pacemaker, you know, you don't want to keep that with magnet.
31:15
Those things, so many things. Yeah, uh, let's you guys
31:18
are winding down this weekend a really cool show that you've been doing, and
31:23
this is the final we're recording, as we said on the eleventh of May,
31:29
coming up on Saturday, the thirteenth final shows for Superhero for All seasons.
31:36
If you like, if you like live theater and you have young children
31:41
and you want to get them to like live theater, this is an opportunity
31:45
because this is live theater specifically designed for the youngest participants. We're talking about
31:52
preschool children, ladies and gentlemen. And it's a show intended for preschool children,
31:56
written for preschool children, and happening inside our Omnisphere theater, which makes
32:01
it even more exciting because it has lots of great visuals up on the dome
32:06
from outer space. And this show is called a Superhero for All Seasons.
32:10
It's written and performed by the casts and crew from the Springer Opera House,
32:15
which is the State Theater of Georgia here in the great State of Georgia and
32:19
happens to be about four blocks away from the Coca Cola Space Science Center where
32:23
I work. And so we have a partnership with the spring Or Opera House
32:27
where they have written and performed this great show called Superhero for All Seasons,
32:32
where you can allow your kids to learn a little bit about the seasons and
32:37
enjoy some fun live theater and not have to worry about it if they're going
32:42
to be noisy or you know, maybe a little bit moving around things like
32:45
that, because it's made for that very target audience, ladies and gentlemen.
32:50
So if you're in the neighborhood and you have availability on Saturday, May thirteenth,
32:54
come down to the Coca Cola Space Science Center here at Columbia State University.
32:58
Buy your tickets and come see a Superhero for All Seasons performances in the
33:04
morning on May the thirteenth. If you want to know more information about that,
33:08
really you need to buy your tickets from the Spring or Opera House because
33:12
it's their show. But we have links on our website and I'll point you
33:15
to our website to find out all the information about Space Science Center as well.
33:19
Go to www dot cc SSC dot org, Charlie Charlie SamSam Charlie dot
33:28
org, CCSSC dot org and you can follow the link for tickets for Superhero
33:34
for All Seasons, find out information about our summer camps, find out information
33:37
about our summer Astronomy Nights, or just enjoy some of the great material that's
33:42
presented for you on our website at the Space Science Center. Thanks for listening.
33:45
We'll see you guys again next week. Overhead Door Company, if Columbus
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