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Peace of Westphalia (1648) - Part 2: Diplomats Behind Closed Doors
In this episode, we examine the diplomatic negotiations that took place in Münster and Osnabrück as European powers sought to end the devastation of the Thirty Years’ War. Discover how representatives of France, Sweden, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and the Dutch Republic debated religious rights, territorial claims, and political autonomy in one of the first large-scale international peace conferences in European history. From the recognition of Calvinists to the principle of Cuius regio, eius religio, these negotiations would help shape the foundations of modern diplomacy and international…
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