Latest / A Little Bit Richer / A Matter of Life and Debt
Transcript
- 0:00Speaker 1: This series is brought to you by L&G, helping you
- 0:03Speaker 1: build a future that's a little bit richer.
- 0:06Iona Bain: Hello, I'm Iona Bain and welcome along to A Little
- 0:09Iona Bain: Bit Richer, brought to you by Legal and General. From
- 0:12Iona Bain: credit cards to car finance and buy- now- pay- later,
- 0:15Iona Bain: debt has quietly become a normal part of life for
- 0:18Iona Bain: our generation. But just because its common doesn't mean it's
- 0:21Iona Bain: easy to deal with or talk about. Whether you're just
- 0:25Iona Bain: about keeping on top of repayments or starting to feel
- 0:27Iona Bain: the pressure, living with and managing debt can be a struggle.
- 0:31Iona Bain: Debt is a fact of life, something we all have
- 0:33Iona Bain: to deal with, but hopefully we can do that without shame.
- 0:36Iona Bain: That's why I'm so pleased to be joined by an
- 0:38Iona Bain: incredible woman who's done loads of work to help raise
- 0:41Iona Bain: awareness of debt and the support available for those struggling
- 0:44Iona Bain: with it. That's Claer Barrett. Claer is the consumer editor at
- 0:47Iona Bain: The Financial Times, a columnist, broadcaster, and the force behind
- 0:51Iona Bain: the FT's financial literacy and inclusion campaign. Welcome, Claer.
- 0:57Claer Barrett: Thanks for having me, Iona.
- 0:59Iona Bain: Claer, how common is it for Millennials in the UK
- 1:01Iona Bain: to live with debt? How has society's attitude towards debt
- 1:05Iona Bain: changed over the years?
- 1:07Claer Barrett: Well, debt is a fact of life. The reason for
- 1:10Claer Barrett: that is because life has become more expensive for subsequent generations.
- 1:16Claer Barrett: Before we go any further, let's just say if you
- 1:19Claer Barrett: have debt, whether it's good debt or bad debt, it's
- 1:22Claer Barrett: not a personal failing. This is something that is affecting
- 1:26Claer Barrett: all of us. But also, it's not something that eating
- 1:30Claer Barrett: fewer avocados can necessarily resolve. There are all kinds of
- 1:33Claer Barrett: reasons for that. Salaries stagnating, particularly for graduates who have
- 1:38Claer Barrett: got ever- higher amounts of student loan debt that they
- 1:41Claer Barrett: need to repay coming off their salaries every month. So
- 1:45Claer Barrett: much so, that there's a new term that I've become
- 1:47Claer Barrett: aware of. Negative wealth. Have you ever heard of this?
- 1:51Iona Bain: I can't say I have.
- 1:52Claer Barrett: Okay. Negative wealth is where your debts, which include student loans,
- 1:57Claer Barrett: but also overdrafts, credit cards, any buy- now- pay- later
- 2:01Claer Barrett: add up to more than the value of your assets.
- 2:06Claer Barrett: Things that you own that are worth money, like a
- 2:08Claer Barrett: car or a property, say. So much so, around one-
- 2:12Claer Barrett: third of 25-to- 34- year- olds in the UK, it's said,
- 2:17Claer Barrett: are in negative wealth. Now this is a survey by
- 2:21Claer Barrett: the Fairness Foundation, so this is proper research. The biggest
- 2:25Claer Barrett: reason why one group of people might be in negative
- 2:27Claer Barrett: wealth compared to positive wealth is, guess what? Being on
- 2:31Claer Barrett: the property ladder. If you've managed to get on the
- 2:34Claer Barrett: property ladder, you will have an asset. But for those
- 2:37Claer Barrett: of us that didn't have that helping hand, be paying
- 2:41Claer Barrett: extortionate rents in the private sector. The big takeaway for
- 2:46Claer Barrett: me here is that education and knowledge about debt so
- 2:51Claer Barrett: that we can minimize the wrong type of debt and
- 2:54Claer Barrett: be aware of the problems that we can get into
- 2:56Claer Barrett: if we take out too much debt is embedded in
- 2:59Claer Barrett: us at an early age because that is going to
- 3:01Claer Barrett: make the biggest difference for when the negative will hopefully
- 3:05Claer Barrett: turn positive later in life.
- 3:07Iona Bain: Give us a sense of the kinds of debts that
- 3:10Iona Bain: young people are leaning on in order to get through life?
- 3:14Claer Barrett: Well, people talk about good debts and bad debts. Let's
- 3:18Claer Barrett: start with the good. The most obvious example is probably
- 3:21Claer Barrett: student loans and mortgages. This is why we need to
- 3:24Claer Barrett: understand how debt works, how things like credit scores affect
- 3:29Claer Barrett: how much money we can borrow in the future. It's
- 3:32Claer Barrett: those forms of so- called bad debts that could put
- 3:36Claer Barrett: you down the rankings in terms of your credit score.
- 3:39Claer Barrett: Things like credit cards, if not managed well. Things like buy- now- pay- later.
- 3:44Claer Barrett: If you take out too many, then you're going to
- 3:46Claer Barrett: have to rely on credit cards or your overdraft to
- 3:50Claer Barrett: pay the bills, because overdraft is typically 40% interest annually,
- 3:55Claer Barrett: credit cards typically 20% interest annually. But one- in- five
- 4:00Claer Barrett: people in the UK have an impaired credit score, which
- 4:03Claer Barrett: mean if they want to borrow using a credit card,
- 4:07Claer Barrett: it's even more expensive. Typically, an interest rate per year
- 4:11Claer Barrett: of around 40 or even 50 percent if you want
- 4:14Claer Barrett: to borrow money. There's some common forms of bad debt
- 4:19Claer Barrett: and bad practices managing debt. It's often unfortunately, Iona, young
- 4:24Claer Barrett: people who don't understand what they're getting into who make those mistakes.
- 4:29Claer Barrett: Then they can hang around and blight your credit file
- 4:32Claer Barrett: for six or seven years.
- 4:33Iona Bain: Well, let's get into why that can turn into such
- 4:37Iona Bain: a problem for young people further down the line. Just
- 4:39Iona Bain: explain what your credit score is and what it's based on?
- 4:44Claer Barrett: Basically, your credit score is an indication that lenders will
- 4:48Claer Barrett: look at at how creditworthy you are. If I were to
- 4:51Claer Barrett: lend you money, would you pay it back on time
- 4:54Claer Barrett: and would you make those repayments regularly? Because if you can,
- 4:58Claer Barrett: then I'll be more likely to reward you with a
- 5:01Claer Barrett: lower rate of interest. Whereas somebody who has paid bills
- 5:05Claer Barrett: late or has borrowed more than they can afford, has
- 5:08Claer Barrett: got into difficulty paying that money back, you can see
- 5:11Claer Barrett: that they've had problems in the past because lenders can
- 5:13Claer Barrett: look through your credit file, and they might charge you
- 5:16Claer Barrett: then a higher rate of interest if they're going to
- 5:19Claer Barrett: let you borrow. Or they might decide not to lend
- 5:22Claer Barrett: to you at all. Let's say you apply for a
- 5:25Claer Barrett: credit card. The credit card company says, " Here you go,
- 5:28Claer Barrett: here's a card. You've got a credit balance of £ 10,000." Technically,
- 5:33Claer Barrett: you could take that card, you could go out, and you could
- 5:35Claer Barrett: buy something for £ 10,000. But the reason why you shouldn't
- 5:37Claer Barrett: do that is because of something called credit utilisation. Now,
- 5:42Claer Barrett: this is really big issue with people's credit scores. If
- 5:47Claer Barrett: you borrow more than 30% of what your credit limit is,
- 5:51Claer Barrett: that's not going to trouble the lender too much. But
- 5:54Claer Barrett: if you were to borrow over 50% of the limit they think, " Oh,
- 5:58Claer Barrett: they're utilising quite a lot of credit. This is making
- 6:02Claer Barrett: them a higher risk." If they want to borrow any
- 6:04Claer Barrett: more money maybe further down the line for a mortgage,
- 6:07Claer Barrett: all of those repayments are going to eat away into
- 6:11Claer Barrett: their monthly pay packets. It's going to make their affordability
- 6:15Claer Barrett: look much worse if they're applying for a bigger loan
- 6:18Claer Barrett: because more of their money is going towards servicing their debts.
- 6:21Claer Barrett: That could also start to pull down your credit scores.
- 6:25Claer Barrett: If you've got a really high rate of interest on a
- 6:28Claer Barrett: credit card, commonly 20%, often much higher, over time, the
- 6:33Claer Barrett: magic of compounding is going to work against you. The
- 6:36Claer Barrett: amount of time it will take you to pay off
- 6:38Claer Barrett: that balance and the amount of interest that you'll repay
- 6:41Claer Barrett: on top of the money that you've actually borrowed could
- 6:44Claer Barrett: really surprise you. If you know that before you took
- 6:47Claer Barrett: out the credit card, would you have taken it out?
- 6:49Iona Bain: It feels like a hidden trap, whereby if you don't
- 6:52Iona Bain: know that you're not really supposed to spend over 50%
- 6:56Iona Bain: of the credit available to you, and yet you're punished
- 6:59Iona Bain: for it later, I would imagine a lot of young
- 7:02Iona Bain: people would say, " That's really unfair." If people are feeling
- 7:05Iona Bain: like they have to take our a credit card in order to
- 7:08Iona Bain: improve their credit score, but don't really want to for
- 7:10Iona Bain: all the reasons we've discussed, what are the alternatives?
- 7:14Claer Barrett: People think that it's going to boost my credit score
- 7:16Claer Barrett: if I do this, it can actually end up getting
- 7:18Claer Barrett: people into deeper financial doo- doo because they can end up spending
- 7:21Claer Barrett: more money and have a bigger debt to repay and
- 7:25Claer Barrett: affect their affordability levels going forward. I would say go
- 7:29Claer Barrett: to your credit report, check first of all that there
- 7:32Claer Barrett: aren't any mistakes on there that need to be corrected.
- 7:35Claer Barrett: But Experian, one of the credit file people, they offer
- 7:38Claer Barrett: a service whereby with open banking, you can share your
- 7:41Claer Barrett: details with them. They can count regular payments that you're
- 7:46Claer Barrett: making towards household bills, which could include paying your rent
- 7:49Claer Barrett: on time, paying our council tax on time that could
- 7:52Claer Barrett: boost your score by as much by 100 points just by
- 7:56Claer Barrett: linking up your data.
- 7:57Iona Bain: It's just about getting the basics right, that'll do an
- 8:00Iona Bain: awful lot for your credit score?
- 8:01Claer Barrett: Absolutely. Then when you do come to apply for a mortgage,
- 8:05Claer Barrett: going through a mortgage broker who will do a detailed
- 8:08Claer Barrett: breakdown of your outgoings. The crucial thing that mortgage lenders
- 8:12Claer Barrett: are looking at is affordability. How much money do you
- 8:15Claer Barrett: have left at the end of month after meeting your
- 8:18Claer Barrett: other commitments? Of course, those commitments include debt repayments. Student
- 8:23Claer Barrett: loans are a factor of that. But if you've got
- 8:26Claer Barrett: a big credit card balance, even if it's on a
- 8:28Claer Barrett: naught percent interest, that's hanging around you. They can see
- 8:32Claer Barrett: eventually you're going to have to pay that off and
- 8:33Claer Barrett: that's the sort of thing that could count against you
- 8:36Claer Barrett: when you come to apply for more credit. It's a two-
- 8:39Claer Barrett: way street.
- 8:41Iona Bain: How can people distinguish between good and bad debt? We've
- 8:44Iona Bain: talked about some examples, but what are the key questions
- 8:47Iona Bain: that people need to ask themselves when they're taking out
- 8:49Iona Bain: debt in order to make sure that they're going to
- 8:52Iona Bain: use it in a responsible way?
- 8:54Claer Barrett: Well, I think if you're taking out any form of
- 8:57Claer Barrett: debt to pay off another debt, that is a red flag.
- 9:01Claer Barrett: You should be thinking to yourself, " Hang on a minute.
- 9:04Claer Barrett: Are things getting out of control here?"
- 9:06Iona Bain: What about buy- now- pay- later? That's grown in popularity massively,
- 9:10Iona Bain: but what are the risks with that?
- 9:11Claer Barrett: Okay. Buy- now- pay- later, the big attraction of it
- 9:14Claer Barrett: of course is that the payments are interest- free and
- 9:18Claer Barrett: they can be split over three months. Frankly, if you're
- 9:21Claer Barrett: on a tight budget, that could be a godsend rather
- 9:24Claer Barrett: than paying 20%, 40% or more to borrow money on
- 9:27Claer Barrett: a credit card. But let's step back a bit and
- 9:29Claer Barrett: think about how the business model of buy- now- pay-
- 9:33Claer Barrett: later actually works. Why is it that they don't charge
- 9:36Claer Barrett: us interest? How, therefore, do these gigantic businesses make money?
- 9:42Claer Barrett: The answer is the retailers pay them. If a retailer
- 9:46Claer Barrett: offers buy- now- pay- later on its website, it knows
- 9:50Claer Barrett: it will sell more stuff. We will feel like we've
- 9:54Claer Barrett: been given magic permission to spend more money. We might
- 9:58Claer Barrett: have bought a pair of jeans, but now we know
- 10:00Claer Barrett: that we can pay in three. Then we'll buy a
- 10:02Claer Barrett: pair of jeans, a top, and a pair of shoes.
- 10:04Claer Barrett: It can make us spend more.
- 10:06Iona Bain: Spend more than we necessarily would have wanted to.
- 10:08Claer Barrett: At the moment, we have to self- regulate. A thrifty
- 10:12Claer Barrett: tip that I've used for years is whenever I find
- 10:15Claer Barrett: myself doom- scrolling online, putting items into the basket, I
- 10:18Claer Barrett: just leave them there for 24 hours. The amount of
- 10:21Claer Barrett: times I think, 24 hours later, " Actually, I've got a
- 10:24Claer Barrett: top exactly like that in my wardrobe already." Or, better still,
- 10:28Claer Barrett: I can find one on vintage. Better for the planet,
- 10:31Claer Barrett: better for your pocket. But the amount of psychology that
- 10:35Claer Barrett: these websites, the lifestyle they're selling, it's very, very hard
- 10:38Claer Barrett: to resist.
- 10:40Iona Bain: It's about building up that awareness of how the business
- 10:43Iona Bain: models of credit card providers and buy- now- pay- later
- 10:46Iona Bain: providers operate so that we can then make informed decisions.
- 10:50Claer Barrett: Absolutely, Iona.
- 10:52Iona Bain: What are some practical steps that people can take to
- 10:55Iona Bain: get on top of their debt repayments and reduce their
- 10:57Iona Bain: debt over time?
- 10:58Claer Barrett: I think the biggest thing is the bigger picture. Now,
- 11:02Claer Barrett: a lot of the time, people lose track of how
- 11:04Claer Barrett: much debt they've actually got because it's spread across multiple cards, overdrafts,
- 11:09Claer Barrett: different accounts, different sources of debt that they're frantically trying to
- 11:13Claer Barrett: keep on top of. I think facing up to it
- 11:16Claer Barrett: and setting out what you've got where, but also having
- 11:20Claer Barrett: a bigger think about how has that debt been created.
- 11:23Claer Barrett: How has it built up? What have you actually spent
- 11:26Claer Barrett: the money on? Looking back at your statements will give
- 11:29Claer Barrett: you an idea, but often it's the cost of the
- 11:31Claer Barrett: interest which is the biggest factor in there pushing up
- 11:34Claer Barrett: the payments. We talk about often two methods for clearing debts,
- 11:38Claer Barrett: the avalanche method and the snowball method. Briefly, the avalanche
- 11:43Claer Barrett: method is listing all your debts, working out which one
- 11:47Claer Barrett: has got the most expensive interest rate. There will be
- 11:49Claer Barrett: one on there that's quite killer. You say, " Okay, I'm
- 11:53Claer Barrett: going to prioritize paying off that debt. I'll pay the
- 11:56Claer Barrett: minimum repayment on all of the others so they're cheaper,
- 11:59Claer Barrett: lower interest rates. But the one that's got the real sky-
- 12:02Claer Barrett: high interest rate, it's in my interest to clear that
- 12:04Claer Barrett: the fastest." I'm going to avalanche any spare money I've
- 12:07Claer Barrett: got into killing that card. The other method, the snowball method,
- 12:12Claer Barrett: is that you target the smallest debt first. You might think, " Okay,
- 12:16Claer Barrett: well what's the point in doing that?" But psychologically, if
- 12:19Claer Barrett: you can say, " I've now cleared that store card, that's gone,"
- 12:23Claer Barrett: that could give you the momentum to then go on
- 12:25Claer Barrett: and tackle the next one. Maybe you do a snowball first,
- 12:28Claer Barrett: and then you do an avalanche. But the key with
- 12:31Claer Barrett: all of these things is get rid of the credit
- 12:35Claer Barrett: card when you've paid it off. All too often, I
- 12:38Claer Barrett: see people clearing debts on cards, they keep the card open.
- 12:42Claer Barrett: That's why I said look at why those debts built
- 12:44Claer Barrett: up in the first place, because whatever habit or problem
- 12:48Claer Barrett: that was caused for you to build this up in
- 12:50Claer Barrett: the first place, if you haven't closed off the card,
- 12:52Claer Barrett: then it's easy sadly for that to build up once again.
- 12:54Iona Bain: Then you're right back to square one.
- 12:56Claer Barrett: Exactly.
- 12:56Iona Bain: Which you don't want. What can someone do if they
- 12:59Iona Bain: already have debt issues, they feel that that debt is
- 13:04Iona Bain: getting out of control, what solutions or organizations can they
- 13:07Iona Bain: turn to?
- 13:08Claer Barrett: Okay. If you are listening to this podcast and you
- 13:12Claer Barrett: have even a glimmer of a feeling that you might
- 13:16Claer Barrett: benefit from speaking to somebody about your debts, maybe you
- 13:20Claer Barrett: don't know how much they add up to. That's quite common, denial. Thinking, " Right,
- 13:24Claer Barrett: I'm not going to look at this. They're still saying
- 13:26Claer Barrett: I can borrow. I think I might borrow more money
- 13:29Claer Barrett: to pay off that card." Or you've had debt that's
- 13:31Claer Barrett: been hanging around for a long time that you're only
- 13:33Claer Barrett: paying off the minimum payment on so the interest costs, again,
- 13:37Claer Barrett: are getting higher and higher. If you find that the
- 13:40Claer Barrett: value of your debt isn't really falling anymore, it seems
- 13:43Claer Barrett: to be growing, these are all signs, take it from me,
- 13:46Claer Barrett: that you would benefit from talking to a debt charity. Now,
- 13:51Claer Barrett: most people would say, " I don't need help from a
- 13:54Claer Barrett: charity! I'm not a charity case." But the reason why you should is, number one,
- 13:58Claer Barrett: most of the funding for debt charities comes from the
- 14:02Claer Barrett: finance industry.
- 14:03Iona Bain: Ah.
- 14:03Claer Barrett: Because they have a legal and regulatory obligation to help
- 14:08Claer Barrett: customers who are in problem debt. A certain percentage of
- 14:11Claer Barrett: customers will fall into problem debt, no matter how big
- 14:15Claer Barrett: the warnings are. The second big fact is that it is
- 14:18Claer Barrett: never too early to ask for help if you're worried
- 14:22Claer Barrett: about the debts you're in. As human beings, we're hard-
- 14:25Claer Barrett: wired to try and sort these problems out for ourselves. Typically,
- 14:27Claer Barrett: we'll look for solutions online. But the problem with that
- 14:31Claer Barrett: is is that the kind of things that come up in internet search engines,
- 14:35Claer Barrett: the sponsored ads are often organizations that profit from selling
- 14:39Claer Barrett: people in problem debt a particular kind of solution.
- 14:43Iona Bain: Like a debt management plan?
- 14:44Claer Barrett: Exactly. An IVA is another one, a form of insolvency
- 14:48Claer Barrett: where you pay a fee to enter into an arrangement. Now,
- 14:52Claer Barrett: that might be the right solution for you. But if
- 14:54Claer Barrett: you're going to a provider who only offers that as a solution,
- 14:58Claer Barrett: something else including a debt relief order where they can
- 15:01Claer Barrett: wipe off some of your debt, you never have to
- 15:03Claer Barrett: pay them back, you're not going to find out about
- 15:06Claer Barrett: those kinds of solutions until you speak to an independent
- 15:10Claer Barrett: debt charity who can work out what the best solution
- 15:14Claer Barrett: is for you. It doesn't have a motivation to put
- 15:18Claer Barrett: you in one kind of plan or another. When you've
- 15:21Claer Barrett: done that, you've got a much better chance of getting
- 15:24Claer Barrett: out of debt and getting your finances back on track. The
- 15:28Claer Barrett: final tip I'd say, you don't have to talk to a
- 15:30Claer Barrett: debt charity on the phone. A lot of people find,
- 15:32Claer Barrett: because there's a shame attached to debt, wrongly attached to
- 15:35Claer Barrett: being in debt, sometimes people just can't face having a
- 15:38Claer Barrett: conversation about it. But all of the big debt charities
- 15:41Claer Barrett: tend to do web chat now, which I think is
- 15:42Claer Barrett: a fantastic innovation. I would say Step Change, they're one
- 15:46Claer Barrett: of the biggest debt charities in Britain. Citizen's Advice, particularly
- 15:50Claer Barrett: good if you've got problems with bills that you can't pay,
- 15:53Claer Barrett: things like council tax which can get quite nasty very quickly.
- 15:57Claer Barrett: Then if you've got any sort of intermingling of business
- 16:01Claer Barrett: debts and personal debts, maybe you're self- employed, Business Debt
- 16:05Claer Barrett: Line are the place to go. All of these places
- 16:07Claer Barrett: are free to contact and the advice that they give
- 16:10Claer Barrett: you is free.
- 16:11Iona Bain: That's really good to know that you could even do
- 16:13Iona Bain: this on your lunch break at work. Or when you
- 16:15Iona Bain: get home from work and you've got the TV on,
- 16:18Iona Bain: you could just drop them a line, reach out. Claer,
- 16:21Iona Bain: what are the three tips that you would give to
- 16:23Iona Bain: someone listening who wants to reduce their debt and make
- 16:26Iona Bain: sure that they are debt smart in the future?
- 16:30Claer Barrett: I would say just have a great awareness generally of your finances, what's
- 16:34Claer Barrett: coming in, what's going out. You don't need to sit
- 16:36Claer Barrett: down and do a formal budget. There are lots of
- 16:38Claer Barrett: apps nowadays, like Snoop and Emma, that use open banking
- 16:42Claer Barrett: to go through your income and expenditure and make suggestions.
- 16:46Claer Barrett: But just be aware of what you've got. And also,
- 16:49Claer Barrett: the interest rates that you're paying on some of these
- 16:51Claer Barrett: debts and being super on top of when repayments for
- 16:54Claer Barrett: things like buy- now- pay- later are due. If you
- 16:57Claer Barrett: don't meet them on time, you'll get a fine. It
- 17:00Claer Barrett: might be interest- free, but that is going to cost
- 17:02Claer Barrett: you money ultimately. Finally, I would say go online. There
- 17:06Claer Barrett: are so many good free resources online from the main
- 17:10Claer Barrett: debt charities themselves. Step Change, Citizen's Advice, and also Business
- 17:15Claer Barrett: Debt Line if you're self- employed. There's a wealth of
- 17:18Claer Barrett: information out there. We've also go my charity that I'm a
- 17:21Claer Barrett: trustee of, FLIC, the Financial Literacy and Inclusion Campaign. We've
- 17:25Claer Barrett: made a free guide to managing debt containing all kinds
- 17:29Claer Barrett: of help, resources, links to further sources of support and information.
- 17:35Claer Barrett: I believe, Iona, that you have helpfully attached it to
- 17:38Claer Barrett: the show notes of today's episode.
- 17:40Iona Bain: Well, there we go. A good first step for people
- 17:43Iona Bain: to check out. Wonderful. Thank you so much, Claer.
- 17:46Claer Barrett: Thank you for having me.
- 17:49Iona Bain: Thank you so much, Claer, some really great advice there. Next time,
- 17:53Iona Bain: friend of the show and financial advisor Emmanuel Asuquo will
- 17:57Iona Bain: be here to help us put good friction in our finances.
- 18:00Iona Bain: This podcast is brought to you by LNG. You can
- 18:03Iona Bain: keep up with the show on YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram @legalandgeneral. I'd love
- 18:07Iona Bain: it if you could follow the podcast, leave us a review,
- 18:10Iona Bain: and help others get a little bit richer, too. Thanks
- 18:13Iona Bain: for listening. Until next time, see you soon.