
Ayat Mirzaie/Masoumeh Qarakhani: Scientific professionalism under constraint: Associations, expertise boundaries, and external pressure
Scientific associations are often seen as neutral professional bodies, yet they are crucial institutional spaces where norms, credibility, and the boundaries of "expertise" are created and upheld. This talk explores how such organizations navigate between internal academic standards and external pressures and expectations—particularly in non- liberal contexts. Building on a revised interpretation of Burawoy's framework, we suggest a model that identifies four orientations within scientific societies: professional/disciplinary autonomy, reflexive critique, policy engagement, and public…
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