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SMNTY Classics: Native Indigenous Women's Fight to Save Their Languages · Stuff Mom Never Told You

• 0:05
  Speaker 1: Hey, this is Anny and smitha welcome to stuff. I
• 0:07
  Speaker 1: never told you a production of iHeartRadio and welcome to
• 0:20
  Speaker 1: another classic episode. This one's kind of recent, but I
• 0:23
  Speaker 1: thought it was relevant and a good time to bring
• 0:26
  Speaker 1: it back. It was an episode we did around indigenous
• 0:30
  Speaker 1: women's fight to save their languages, and this has been
• 0:33
  Speaker 1: on my mind for a lot of reasons. We kind
• 0:38
  Speaker 1: of discussed this with the movie Prey and the recent
• 0:42
  Speaker 1: fictional women around the World episode with Nado. But having
• 0:47
  Speaker 1: those things that media available and that kind in the
• 0:53
  Speaker 1: indigenous language. And I also was reading the other day
• 0:56
  Speaker 1: about public media and how they were the first to
• 1:01
  Speaker 1: kind of lead the way in doing that for their broadcast.
• 1:07
  Speaker 1: But I also when I was researching this, I stumbled
• 1:12
  Speaker 1: across because I haven't watched this, and none of these
• 1:15
  Speaker 1: responsors for me, but I stumbled across the Disney Plus
• 1:22
  Speaker 1: show What If, which is a Marvel oh yeah, yeah
• 1:26
  Speaker 1: show that is like what if this happened kind of thing.
• 1:31
  Speaker 1: They recently had an episode that is about what if
• 1:37
  Speaker 1: the Tester Act had landed, which, if you don't know,
• 1:41
  Speaker 1: the test actor is like that space cube that has
• 1:43
  Speaker 1: a lot of powers. What if it had landed in
• 1:46
  Speaker 1: hot Ashone Land and uh so the episode is it's
• 1:55
  Speaker 1: mostly in the Mohawk language and uish, but they worked
• 2:03
  Speaker 1: closely with members of the Mohawk Nation for this, and
• 2:07
  Speaker 1: I just thought it was really interesting. And they also
• 2:09
  Speaker 1: cast in the main role of Kahori Devy Jacobs, who
• 2:14
  Speaker 1: is a Mohawk Canadian actress, And so this stuff is
• 2:17
  Speaker 1: so important. Like I'm glad and sad that is like,
• 2:24
  Speaker 1: this is the first the you know, in a lot
• 2:27
  Speaker 1: of instances and they're so recent that this is happening.
• 2:31
  Speaker 1: But I am glad to see that it is happening
• 2:35
  Speaker 1: and that the fight that these Indigenous women are pursuing
• 2:42
  Speaker 1: is paying off. Yeah, so please enjoy this classic episode. Hey,
• 2:54
  Speaker 1: this is Annie Fan Samantha and welcome to Stuff One
• 2:56
  Speaker 1: Never Told You, Productuly of iHeartRadio.
• 3:07
  Speaker 2: And for our holiday treat I guess episode because we're
• 3:11
  Speaker 2: gonna be gone as this is released technically technically, yeah,
• 3:16
  Speaker 2: I guess it's listened the day before, but.
• 3:18
  Speaker 3: You know whatever.
• 3:19
  Speaker 2: Anyway, we wanted to give thanks to the women and
• 3:22
  Speaker 2: folks from the indigenous communities who have been working hard,
• 3:25
  Speaker 2: not only to preserve the land as it was before
• 3:29
  Speaker 2: the ugliness of colonization and trying to teach the people
• 3:33
  Speaker 2: around them the dangers of continuing down s that ugly path,
• 3:38
  Speaker 2: but also preserving their own culture that these same I
• 3:43
  Speaker 2: guess colonizers have tried to eradicate and make extinct. And
• 3:48
  Speaker 2: though there are so many things that we can talk
• 3:50
  Speaker 2: about under this topic, and probably we'll come back to you,
• 3:53
  Speaker 2: honestly today, we thought we would just focus on those
• 3:57
  Speaker 2: who've been working hard to preserve their name, native language
• 4:01
  Speaker 2: and indigenous language. Also, let's go ahead and put this
• 4:04
  Speaker 2: caveat since this is not our indigenous language slash our
• 4:08
  Speaker 2: native tongue, which, by the way, I'm struggling on my
• 4:11
  Speaker 2: own both Korean and English, so you know, sorry, Yeah,
• 4:16
  Speaker 2: we may butcher some of these words, and I hate
• 4:20
  Speaker 2: that so much because I would love to be fluent
• 4:22
  Speaker 2: in everything and just perfect at it. But I am
• 4:25
  Speaker 2: not so with that. We tried our due diligence in
• 4:29
  Speaker 2: looking up all of the pronunciations, and sometimes I swear
• 4:32
  Speaker 2: to God, I was being gas lit that we should
• 4:36
  Speaker 2: already know these words, and probably is true we should
• 4:39
  Speaker 2: to a certain extent, But anyway, so please be patient
• 4:44
  Speaker 2: with our very bad pronunciation. Again, as per usual, if
• 4:48
  Speaker 2: you know these languages and want to share with us
• 4:51
  Speaker 2: how to say it correctly. We would gladly, gladly hear
• 4:56
  Speaker 2: those because as you know, when it comes to like
• 5:00
  Speaker 2: Google translation, not the greatest, not the greatest. So but yes,
• 5:04
  Speaker 2: be forewarned, it's not great. And if you are a
• 5:07
  Speaker 2: person of the Native community or indigenous community, this might
• 5:11
  Speaker 2: be too much for you, I understand. So content warning
• 5:14
  Speaker 2: because we do talk a little bit about the ugly
• 5:16
  Speaker 2: history of it all for the rest of you listen
• 5:20
  Speaker 2: and us of course, of course, because we need to
• 5:23
  Speaker 2: learn these things. So yeah, we're gonna jump into the
• 5:25
  Speaker 2: history of how colonizers try to stop the use of
• 5:29
  Speaker 2: the indigenous languages. So when it comes to this history
• 5:33
  Speaker 2: the first peoples of all the lands, probably we know
• 5:37
  Speaker 2: it's bloody and horrifying, though children's stories and colonial takes
• 5:44
  Speaker 2: downplay the amount of atrocities that occurred then and even now,
• 5:50
  Speaker 2: the indigenous community fight to preserve their culture. Yes, I
• 5:54
  Speaker 2: think if we talk about the old tale of Thanksgiving
• 5:57
  Speaker 2: and all the pilgrims coming to share their food, we
• 6:01
  Speaker 2: know the true story. It wasn't all that great. We know,
• 6:04
  Speaker 2: so just as a reminder, but it isn't that hard
• 6:07
  Speaker 2: to understand that those in power are still trying to
• 6:10
  Speaker 2: suppress the original cultures.
• 6:12
  Speaker 3: That existed in most places.
• 6:14
  Speaker 2: In fact, in some cases and places like the United States,
• 6:17
  Speaker 2: has spent money trying to erase Indigenous languages. Here's some
• 6:22
  Speaker 2: information from High Country News written by Rebecca Nagel and
• 6:25
  Speaker 2: twenty nineteen quote. At the height of the Indian boarding
• 6:28
  Speaker 2: school era, between eighteen seventy seven and nineteen eighteen, the
• 6:32
  Speaker 2: United States allocated two point eight one billion dollars adjusted
• 6:36
  Speaker 2: for inflation, to support the nation's boarding school infrastructures, an
• 6:41
  Speaker 2: educational system designed to assimilate Indigenous people into white culture
• 6:45
  Speaker 2: and destroy native languages. Since two thousand and five, however,
• 6:48
  Speaker 2: the federal government has only appropriated approximately one hundred and
• 6:53
  Speaker 2: eighty million for Indigenous language revitalization. So in the article
• 6:57
  Speaker 2: they do write about the fact that the government has
• 6:59
  Speaker 2: a lotted some funds in order to restore and preserve
• 7:02
  Speaker 2: the languages, it isn't anything compared to the amount spent
• 7:06
  Speaker 2: to try to eradicate it. And of course this is
• 7:09
  Speaker 2: on top of the fact that they first tried to
• 7:10
  Speaker 2: kill off and like.
• 7:13
  Speaker 3: Pretty much do a genocide.
• 7:15
  Speaker 2: Yes, but that didn't work, so they're like, you know what,
• 7:18
  Speaker 2: We'll just make you assimilate and hopefully you'll at least
• 7:21
  Speaker 2: forget the culture. But also we should mention the amount
• 7:23
  Speaker 2: of money spent within the school systems to try to
• 7:26
  Speaker 2: assimilate Native people to the culture of their oppressors. So
• 7:29
  Speaker 2: this is what they were doing. In fact, many of
• 7:31
  Speaker 2: the schools that were originally intended and operated by the
• 7:34
  Speaker 2: Native communities were taken over by wide oppressors a colonizers.
• 7:39
  Speaker 2: Here are some more information from Nagle's article. During the
• 7:42
  Speaker 2: same time period the early nineteen hundreds, Cherokee children were
• 7:46
  Speaker 2: also sent to Chilaco and an Indian boarding school on
• 7:49
  Speaker 2: the Oklahoma Kansas state line. The models, pioneered by General
• 7:52
  Speaker 2: Richard Henry Pratt, a veteran of the Indian Wars and
• 7:55
  Speaker 2: founder of the notorious Carlisle Indian School, was designed to
• 7:59
  Speaker 2: assimilate Native Americans into white society and strip future generations
• 8:03
  Speaker 2: of their culture. During the nineteenth and early twentieth century,
• 8:06
  Speaker 2: an estimated one third of all Native children were forced
• 8:10
  Speaker 2: to attend Indian boarding schools, according to a report prepared
• 8:13
  Speaker 2: for the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. When
• 8:16
  Speaker 2: the US created Indian boarding schools. The goal was to
• 8:19
  Speaker 2: save money. Then Secretary of Interior Henry Teller estimated that
• 8:23
  Speaker 2: assimilating Indians would cost only a fraction of the ongoing
• 8:27
  Speaker 2: military conflict with tribes. The children at Indian boarding schools,
• 8:31
  Speaker 2: which were chronically underfunded, often lacked basic food and medical care.
• 8:36
  Speaker 2: To help fund the schools, children were rented to local
• 8:39
  Speaker 2: townspeople for unpaid labor. Still, the US government allocated exponentially
• 8:44
  Speaker 2: more money to Indian boarding schools than it has spent
• 8:47
  Speaker 2: since then on reversing their effects.
• 8:49
  Speaker 1: And this practice was happening all over the North American territories.
• 8:53
  Speaker 1: Areas in Canada have experienced the same things with similar results.
• 8:57
  Speaker 1: Here's a quote from the Harvard Intern National Review. For centuries,
• 9:02
  Speaker 1: Canadian government policies have jeopardized Indigenous languages. While there are
• 9:07
  Speaker 1: more than seventy Indigenous languages currently spoken in Canada, they
• 9:10
  Speaker 1: are largely endangered as the majority of them maintained fewer
• 9:14
  Speaker 1: than one thousand fluent speakers. From eighteen thirty one until
• 9:18
  Speaker 1: nineteen ninety six, the implementation of residential schools prevented Indigenous
• 9:22
  Speaker 1: peoples from parenting, educating, and passing on their native language
• 9:26
  Speaker 1: to their children. Government officials removed Indigenous children from their
• 9:30
  Speaker 1: parents on the pretense that the children would benefit from
• 9:33
  Speaker 1: assimilating into white Canadian culture through placement in these residential schools.
• 9:39
  Speaker 1: When it became evident to parents that residential schools were
• 9:42
  Speaker 1: not providing their children with better lives and were instead
• 9:44
  Speaker 1: causing trauma, illness, and even death, they were told that
• 9:48
  Speaker 1: this was simply the price that Aboriginal people had to
• 9:51
  Speaker 1: pay as part of the process of becoming civilized.
• 9:55
  Speaker 2: So that writer of that article, Catalina Toff, also wrote
• 9:59
  Speaker 2: an alarming statistic within the article. She wrote, every two weeks,
• 10:03
  Speaker 2: an Indigenous language dies. Some of the languages that have
• 10:06
  Speaker 2: already disappeared were Inuit languages spoken in the far reaches
• 10:10
  Speaker 2: of the Arctic. Others had evolved in the leafy greenery
• 10:12
  Speaker 2: of coastal Australia. While they differ in setting, culture and phonetics,
• 10:16
  Speaker 2: one aspect that most dead Indigenous languages share is that
• 10:19
  Speaker 2: they perished as a result of colonization and the subsequent
• 10:23
  Speaker 2: rise of international languages. Yeah, and we spoke about this earlier.
• 10:28
  Speaker 2: Oppression and colonization has tried to erase the different languages
• 10:31
  Speaker 2: that existed before the quote unquote discovery of these new lands. Today,
• 10:36
  Speaker 2: many of these languages are disappearing and less likely to
• 10:39
  Speaker 2: be heard. So from the podcast All Things Considered, they
• 10:43
  Speaker 2: say quote. Language researchers just released the latest version of
• 10:46
  Speaker 2: the Ethnologue, which aims to catalog the state of all
• 10:49
  Speaker 2: of the world's languages, all seven one hundred and sixty
• 10:52
  Speaker 2: four of them. Many of these languages are endangered. Some
• 10:55
  Speaker 2: have so few native speakers that you can count them
• 10:58
  Speaker 2: on one hand. In the US, for instance, one hundred
• 11:01
  Speaker 2: and ninety three of the one hundred and ninety seven
• 11:04
  Speaker 2: living languages are endangered. So and from the National Indian
• 11:08
  Speaker 2: Council on Aging or NICOA dot org Xevier domingees Rites.
• 11:13
  Speaker 2: There are between six thousand to seven thousand oral languages
• 11:17
  Speaker 2: spoken worldwide. According to the United Nations, approximately six hundred
• 11:21
  Speaker 2: of them have disappeared in the last century. They're disappearing
• 11:25
  Speaker 2: at a rate of one language every two weeks. No
• 11:28
  Speaker 2: less than forty percent of languages spoken in twenty sixteen
• 11:31
  Speaker 2: were in danger of disappearing, in many of them indigenous. Presently,
• 11:35
  Speaker 2: we're in danger of losing two thousand, six hundred and
• 11:38
  Speaker 2: eighty languages. The UN predicts that fifty to ninety percent
• 11:41
  Speaker 2: of indigenous languages will disappear by the end of this century,
• 11:45
  Speaker 2: being replaced with English, Mandarin, or Spanish. Any language spoken
• 11:50
  Speaker 2: by less than ten thousand people is in danger. And
• 11:53
  Speaker 2: they go on saying about ninety seven percent of the
• 11:56
  Speaker 2: world's population speak only four percent of its languages. Only
• 12:00
  Speaker 2: three percent of the world speaks ninety six percent of
• 12:03
  Speaker 2: all languages. Most of these languages are spoken by indigenous people.
• 12:07
  Speaker 2: There are three hundred and seventy to five hundred million
• 12:10
  Speaker 2: Indigenous people in the world, five thousand different indigenous cultures,
• 12:14
  Speaker 2: and ninety countries with indigenous communities. Such disproportionate amount of
• 12:22
  Speaker 2: people who speak these languages to what is disappearing, and
• 12:26
  Speaker 2: it's really heartbreaking, and these numbers are alarming, But when
• 12:29
  Speaker 2: it comes to preserving or fighting for their community, we
• 12:33
  Speaker 2: know is typically those from the indigenous communities that are
• 12:36
  Speaker 2: working the hardest and getting it done, especially the women.
• 12:40
  Speaker 2: There have been a few people we have featured on
• 12:43
  Speaker 2: the show that have done this amazing work, including Got
• 12:46
  Speaker 2: youa Junie Fox.
• 12:47
  Speaker 3: You can go and check.
• 12:48
  Speaker 2: Out her interview, which was amazing. Who's not only working
• 12:51
  Speaker 2: to preserve her people's culture in a way of life,
• 12:53
  Speaker 2: but making sure to pass it down to her family
• 12:55
  Speaker 2: as well. So she featured her daughter and some of
• 12:57
  Speaker 2: these amazing ceremonies. I gotta go and listen.
• 13:10
  Speaker 1: All over the world, the women of the indigenous community
• 13:12
  Speaker 1: have been the very vain of continuing to keep their
• 13:15
  Speaker 1: legacy alive. They have understood the depth and importance of
• 13:19
  Speaker 1: language and the need to preserve it. As Ruth H.
• 13:22
  Speaker 1: Robertson of the Dakota Nation wrote in her article titled
• 13:25
  Speaker 1: Language of Spirit for atmos Dot Earth quote, language holds
• 13:29
  Speaker 1: the identity of a people. Within a language, you discover
• 13:32
  Speaker 1: how it speakers view the world. Within the Dakota language,
• 13:35
  Speaker 1: you will see how we understand landscapes, embrace the relatedness
• 13:39
  Speaker 1: of all things in use, sex and gender origin stories
• 13:42
  Speaker 1: are hidden within place names. Our a very historical record
• 13:46
  Speaker 1: is revealed. Our language evolved from the lives we lived
• 13:50
  Speaker 1: in our lands for millennia. But what may be most
• 13:53
  Speaker 1: overlooked is the importance of language to the spirituality of
• 13:56
  Speaker 1: a people. Among the Santis, medicine people have their own language,
• 14:01
  Speaker 1: this sacred ceremonial tongue passed down through the ages by
• 14:05
  Speaker 1: ancestors and dreams granted medicine, people the ability to speak
• 14:09
  Speaker 1: to the deities of old, perform magic, see visions, and
• 14:12
  Speaker 1: create miracles. When the colonizer attempted to take our language
• 14:16
  Speaker 1: from us, they were robbing us of more than our culture,
• 14:19
  Speaker 1: history and unique identity. They were taking away our ability
• 14:23
  Speaker 1: to commune with our ancestors and pray to our gods.
• 14:26
  Speaker 1: They were not just stealing our voices and our abilities
• 14:28
  Speaker 1: to connect with our grandmothers and grandfathers. They were cutting
• 14:31
  Speaker 1: our soul ties, right.
• 14:34
  Speaker 2: And y'all, I should go back and find this article
• 14:36
  Speaker 2: that we just mentioned, because she writes so beautifully about
• 14:40
  Speaker 2: what she sees as the depth of language. And I
• 14:42
  Speaker 2: think when we all talk about it in a certain manner,
• 14:45
  Speaker 2: like I as I'm trying to learn Korean again and
• 14:48
  Speaker 2: really feeling like part of my identity has been stripped
• 14:51
  Speaker 2: of me because I forgot. It's no one's fault, But
• 14:53
  Speaker 2: you know, assimilation in general, like the depth of understanding
• 14:57
  Speaker 2: yourself a little bit through your own language, and how
• 15:00
  Speaker 2: powerful that is. So, you know, and she is one
• 15:03
  Speaker 2: of many who have struggled, not only to preserve a
• 15:06
  Speaker 2: language that call nizers have tried to erase, but and
• 15:09
  Speaker 2: has seen firsthand the painful trauma that comes with this
• 15:13
  Speaker 2: type of oppression. She mentions in her article the travesty
• 15:16
  Speaker 2: of boarding schools, which we kind of mentioned before, that
• 15:19
  Speaker 2: abused Indigenous children in order to force them to assimilate
• 15:22
  Speaker 2: to those who violently stole their land. So such a
• 15:25
  Speaker 2: bigger conversation about what this is. I know our listeners
• 15:29
  Speaker 2: already understand and know this, but the depth of deprivation
• 15:33
  Speaker 2: it is to strip someone of their native language, and
• 15:36
  Speaker 2: why they're doing it.
• 15:37
  Speaker 3: It is power.
• 15:38
  Speaker 2: And here's some other women that we want to talk
• 15:40
  Speaker 2: about that I feel like we should celebrate and maybe
• 15:44
  Speaker 2: follow and watch what they're doing. Obviously, this is a
• 15:48
  Speaker 2: very small list, smallest because this originated from me wanting
• 15:52
  Speaker 2: to talk about specific women to oh damn, this needs
• 15:55
  Speaker 2: to be a whole episode slash. This is still not
• 15:58
  Speaker 2: could be a whole series, but I'm not going to
• 15:59
  Speaker 2: do that.
• 16:01
  Speaker 3: I'm not going to do that.
• 16:05
  Speaker 2: I already know.
• 16:08
  Speaker 3: I didn't do that anyway.
• 16:09
  Speaker 2: So we do want to talk about a few of
• 16:11
  Speaker 2: the women that have been spotlighted and talked about, and
• 16:14
  Speaker 2: we want to talk more about as they do this
• 16:17
  Speaker 2: amazing work and One of the most famous women who
• 16:20
  Speaker 2: made sure to put a spotlight on this issue was
• 16:24
  Speaker 2: Marie Wilcox, and you can go look her up and
• 16:26
  Speaker 2: she's done some amazing work. Wilcox was featured in several
• 16:29
  Speaker 2: films and articles in her pursuit of preserving her people's language.
• 16:33
  Speaker 2: Wilcox was the last to speak fluent Wochumney, but she
• 16:37
  Speaker 2: made sure she wouldn't be the last when she goes,
• 16:40
  Speaker 2: and she did die a couple of years ago. For
• 16:42
  Speaker 2: over ten years before her death, she created a dictionary
• 16:46
  Speaker 2: for the language, and she made it to teach her
• 16:48
  Speaker 2: people and her family the language of Wokchumney. Not only
• 16:52
  Speaker 2: did she create a written document for it to be preserved,
• 16:55
  Speaker 2: but during her lifetime she taught a lot of classes
• 16:58
  Speaker 2: throughout her community, making sure that it is that it
• 17:01
  Speaker 2: would keep going. In twenty fourteen, she was documented by
• 17:03
  Speaker 2: The New York Times while she was doing her important work.
• 17:07
  Speaker 2: In it, she says, quote, it's sad. It just seems
• 17:10
  Speaker 2: weird that I am the last one. And I don't know,
• 17:13
  Speaker 2: It's just it'll just be gone one of these days.
• 17:15
  Speaker 2: Maybe I don't know, it might go on and on.
• 17:18
  Speaker 2: And I believe thanks to her, it will go on
• 17:20
  Speaker 2: and on. Now her story is pretty incredible, and you
• 17:23
  Speaker 2: can find her documentary online is there for you, And
• 17:27
  Speaker 2: then of course a lot of YouTube clips that you
• 17:29
  Speaker 2: can watch, and during her interviews, and she's really like
• 17:32
  Speaker 2: passionate and heartbroken that she could be the last one
• 17:35
  Speaker 2: to speak this beautiful language. But as of now, the
• 17:39
  Speaker 2: dictionary has been copyrighted, but it hasn't been published yet,
• 17:43
  Speaker 2: and I'm not really sure. I didn't go it looked
• 17:46
  Speaker 2: deeper into us to why it hasn't been But I'm
• 17:50
  Speaker 2: glad at the very least it was written because she
• 17:52
  Speaker 2: did pass away, I believe a few years ago, and
• 17:55
  Speaker 2: the fact that she was able to do this during
• 17:58
  Speaker 2: her lifetime really mean so much. And her legacy obviously
• 18:02
  Speaker 2: continues to live on. So if you get a chance,
• 18:04
  Speaker 2: you should go watch her documentary, which I'm glad it exists.
• 18:07
  Speaker 2: These are the moments where I'm like, yeah, damn, technology
• 18:11
  Speaker 2: is good, media is good. We need these things preserved.
• 18:13
  Speaker 2: That hope that we can keep these things preserved. So
• 18:16
  Speaker 2: also in twenty twenty, the CBC celebrated several Indigenous women
• 18:20
  Speaker 2: for their work in preserving their native language. We're only
• 18:23
  Speaker 2: going to highlight a couple and you can actually look
• 18:26
  Speaker 2: at them up. They did some amazing stuff. There's a
• 18:28
  Speaker 2: lot of people on there. So first we're going to
• 18:31
  Speaker 2: talk about Belinda Daniels. Daniels is the founder of Nahiook
• 18:34
  Speaker 2: Language Experience, which offers pre language camps and monthly language workshops.
• 18:39
  Speaker 2: In the article, she says, quote, I really believe that
• 18:42
  Speaker 2: the spirit of the Creed language chose me to do
• 18:44
  Speaker 2: this work, and I do this work to create awareness
• 18:47
  Speaker 2: that there are Indigenous peoples living here still speaking their language.
• 18:52
  Speaker 2: Daniels is also an educator and she actually did her
• 18:55
  Speaker 2: PhD on language reclamation, so she told CBC, quote, when
• 19:00
  Speaker 2: we reclaim our language, we reclaim who we are and
• 19:03
  Speaker 2: we reinstate that we belong here. So language is practicing sovereignty.
• 19:08
  Speaker 2: Language rights are inherent. The creator gave us this language.
• 19:12
  Speaker 2: We do not have to wait for Canada's approval to
• 19:14
  Speaker 2: speak out languages. But Canada does have a duty to
• 19:17
  Speaker 2: take necessary action to protect indigenous languages. And I think
• 19:21
  Speaker 2: one of the things that I didn't mention earlier is
• 19:23
  Speaker 2: the fact that a lot of these languages and a
• 19:26
  Speaker 2: lot of these nations and communities are not actually being
• 19:30
  Speaker 2: recognized by the government, which is partially why they're not
• 19:33
  Speaker 2: being preserved. So a big conversation about it being legitimate.
• 19:37
  Speaker 2: It has to do with those numbers about like it
• 19:39
  Speaker 2: has to be I think more than one hundred thousand
• 19:42
  Speaker 2: people speaking or something along those lines to be officially
• 19:44
  Speaker 2: a language, which is really hard when you have you know,
• 19:47
  Speaker 2: decimated entire populations of people or you know, completely drowned
• 19:52
  Speaker 2: out their language so they can't speak it. So so
• 19:55
  Speaker 2: many things to that. So that's also a bigger part
• 19:58
  Speaker 2: of the conversation that we're not having on this episodes,
• 20:00
  Speaker 2: specifically something to happen in the back of your mind
• 20:02
  Speaker 2: when it comes to indigenous issues point blank, like how
• 20:07
  Speaker 2: are they recognized? Are they even recognized, and why aren't
• 20:10
  Speaker 2: they being recognized. Also featured was doctor Mary and Iguaji
• 20:13
  Speaker 2: Corpierre of the wikuama Kwang First Nation. She's been teaching
• 20:17
  Speaker 2: the nishnaben Win for over thirty years. She has been
• 20:21
  Speaker 2: one of the editors in the nishapin Win, Ottawa and
• 20:24
  Speaker 2: Easter Ajobwoit Dictionary.
• 20:26
  Speaker 3: This dictionary is something she's.
• 20:27
  Speaker 2: Been working on since the late nineties and it makes
• 20:30
  Speaker 2: me sad to say that's about thirty years adding new
• 20:33
  Speaker 2: words as she's done the research throughout her time, and
• 20:36
  Speaker 2: she's been traveling to like five different communities to continue
• 20:40
  Speaker 2: to add these words, and her work has been featured
• 20:43
  Speaker 2: in different Indigenous panels and presentations, so she's doing a lot.
• 20:46
  Speaker 2: She's been teaching these languages as well as making sure
• 20:50
  Speaker 2: that they are preserved. And I think that's been a theme.
• 20:52
  Speaker 2: You'll see that as a theme throughout what they are
• 20:54
  Speaker 2: trying to have it written. And we've talked about this
• 20:57
  Speaker 2: in like first how important.
• 20:59
  Speaker 3: That really is. So these women have been doing that work.
• 21:02
  Speaker 2: The anetan Nobimoim community, which is around the northern areas
• 21:06
  Speaker 2: and they do stretch into the Canadian areas as well,
• 21:10
  Speaker 2: have to come together to preserve their endangered language as well.
• 21:13
  Speaker 2: Older residents of the community have come together to take classes,
• 21:17
  Speaker 2: record their words and meanings, and have found a better
• 21:19
  Speaker 2: understanding of themselves and their culture. One Michigan publisher, Bridge Michigan,
• 21:24
  Speaker 2: interviewed several people in the community, including Brindan his Song,
• 21:29
  Speaker 2: who talked about her experiences and remembering her great grandparents,
• 21:32
  Speaker 2: who are the last fluently speaking people of their language.
• 21:36
  Speaker 2: She told the Bridge quote this is something that is
• 21:38
  Speaker 2: important to me to be able to share with my grandkids.
• 21:41
  Speaker 2: Is our language, and I feel like we've been robbed
• 21:43
  Speaker 2: of it, And she continues, it's a slow process, but
• 21:46
  Speaker 2: it's worth it. It's helping me find out who I
• 21:48
  Speaker 2: am and where I'm supposed to be in this world.
• 21:51
  Speaker 2: And it's such a beautiful story about how they've all
• 21:53
  Speaker 2: connected together as a community and realizing that it's getting
• 21:57
  Speaker 2: lost and making sure that they are not only teaching
• 22:00
  Speaker 2: each other, that they're teaching their kids.
• 22:03
  Speaker 3: So I thought it was very beautiful.
• 22:05
  Speaker 2: And then there's so many like her trying to preserve
• 22:07
  Speaker 2: their culture. In Hawaii, they have experienced this way too often.
• 22:12
  Speaker 2: On the island of Oahu, the Oleailo Or language was
• 22:17
  Speaker 2: nearly extinct and is still not considered safe, but it
• 22:21
  Speaker 2: has become more accessible through the teachings of native schools.
• 22:25
  Speaker 1: Here's a bit of history from a National Geographic article
• 22:28
  Speaker 1: written by aliong in twenty twenty three. Quote. By the
• 22:32
  Speaker 1: end of the nineteenth century, literacy in Hawaii in Olailo
• 22:35
  Speaker 1: spelled Hawaii reached an astonishing high of over ninety percent.
• 22:40
  Speaker 1: This was largely thinks the public education system founded in
• 22:43
  Speaker 1: eighteen forty by King Comea Hemeia the Third, the third
• 22:48
  Speaker 1: king of Hawaii, fifty eight years before the American invasion
• 22:52
  Speaker 1: and annexation. It was one of the highest literacy rates
• 22:55
  Speaker 1: in the world at the time and still an impressive figure.
• 22:58
  Speaker 1: In twenty twenty, data from the United States Department of
• 23:02
  Speaker 1: Education showed that fifty four percent of adults age sixteen
• 23:05
  Speaker 1: to seventy four lack literacy proficiency. And it continues quote.
• 23:10
  Speaker 1: When the monarchy was overthrown in eighteen ninety three, a
• 23:13
  Speaker 1: law was enacted to make English the language of instruction
• 23:17
  Speaker 1: in all schools. Though Olilo was not outlawed, kids were
• 23:21
  Speaker 1: disciplined for speaking it in schools. Those kids were conditioned
• 23:25
  Speaker 1: to believe it was shameful long after they needed to.
• 23:28
  Speaker 1: Many adults spoke Oleilo only in private and refused to
• 23:31
  Speaker 1: teach their kids.
• 23:33
  Speaker 2: Right And much like the history throughout all of colonization,
• 23:37
  Speaker 2: indigenous people were being abused and forced to assimilate to
• 23:40
  Speaker 2: the oppressors. But you know, the native people were able
• 23:44
  Speaker 2: to actually push back. Here's a bit more from that
• 23:46
  Speaker 2: same article. After almost one hundred years of suppression, Hawaiian
• 23:50
  Speaker 2: used a letter renaissance of dance, music and language in
• 23:53
  Speaker 2: the nineteen seventies. In nineteen seventy eight, Olailo was declared
• 23:56
  Speaker 2: the state's official language along with English, and a law
• 24:00
  Speaker 2: undoing the Olelo band in schools were passed. Recordings were
• 24:03
  Speaker 2: made of the very few native speakers left, and the
• 24:06
  Speaker 2: new Papa or newspapers served an important role in restoring
• 24:10
  Speaker 2: lost knowledge as in fact, there's a whole musical dedicated
• 24:13
  Speaker 2: to the new PayPal and like how significant it was too,
• 24:17
  Speaker 2: changing and preserving the languages. And they have created immersion
• 24:23
  Speaker 2: schools which offer native language classes and promote the use
• 24:27
  Speaker 2: of Alilo. But of course the effects of racism and
• 24:30
  Speaker 2: suppression still lingers. I mean, just look at the current
• 24:33
  Speaker 2: status of politics today. It is encouraging to see the
• 24:36
  Speaker 2: many who have continued to bring awareness and teach others
• 24:40
  Speaker 2: about the origins. And we're going to actually talk a
• 24:43
  Speaker 2: little more about who they were influenced by, which is
• 24:46
  Speaker 2: the Maori in New Zealand, and they were the ones
• 24:48
  Speaker 2: that really really pushed this specific type of learning and
• 24:53
  Speaker 2: in a way that they could preserve and they did preserve.
• 24:55
  Speaker 3: The Maori language, which is amazing.
• 24:57
  Speaker 2: But yeah, so like it's incredible because this is emerg
• 25:00
  Speaker 2: school was a language reset like it's kind of like, yes,
• 25:03
  Speaker 2: so it's not I don't think. I think it's preserved
• 25:07
  Speaker 2: it really well, but it's still not out of the
• 25:09
  Speaker 2: danger zone essentially, but it's working. And then we have
• 25:12
  Speaker 2: the women of Guyana trying to save their native language
• 25:16
  Speaker 2: as well.
• 25:16
  Speaker 3: So Althea.
• 25:17
  Speaker 2: Harding was featured in Mongo Bay dot Com for her
• 25:20
  Speaker 2: work and trying to preserve the Kreb language. In fact,
• 25:23
  Speaker 2: in the twenty twenty one article, they noted that only
• 25:25
  Speaker 2: ten people could actually speak the language fluently. The primary
• 25:30
  Speaker 2: school teacher, Harding returned to her village and realized the
• 25:34
  Speaker 2: dire need to preserve her language for that culture. She
• 25:38
  Speaker 2: like many of the others, has planned to create the
• 25:41
  Speaker 2: Koreb Language Dictionary, and she was able to receive a
• 25:44
  Speaker 2: grant to be a part of the Conservation International Indigenous
• 25:48
  Speaker 2: Women's Fellowship Program, and she told Mongo Bay dot Com,
• 25:52
  Speaker 2: I was elated because as a part of my project proposal,
• 25:55
  Speaker 2: I included plans for a careb revitalization project. The language
• 25:59
  Speaker 2: is not here and I want to ensure our children
• 26:02
  Speaker 2: can speak fluently in the language before it's too late.
• 26:06
  Speaker 2: And then the article continues. Her Women's Empowerment Project commenced
• 26:09
  Speaker 2: in mid twenty twenty one, with more than two dozen women,
• 26:12
  Speaker 2: mainly mothers, participating. The women are the bedrock of the
• 26:15
  Speaker 2: family and I know with their influence the language can
• 26:18
  Speaker 2: be saved, she said. Harding described the women of Kobina
• 26:22
  Speaker 2: as ambitious and progressive individuals, go getters who don't just
• 26:25
  Speaker 2: sit around. Our women are strong, independent and determined. So
• 26:29
  Speaker 2: I know they will ensure that the language is handed
• 26:32
  Speaker 2: down to the use of this village, she added, So
• 26:34
  Speaker 2: I really love that, and I don't I didn't see
• 26:37
  Speaker 2: an update about what was happening because it's been several years.
• 26:39
  Speaker 3: I know. One of the big conversations she.
• 26:41
  Speaker 2: Had was about the fact that a lot of it
• 26:43
  Speaker 2: had to be done remotely, since.
• 26:46
  Speaker 3: It was, you know, all the best that was happening
• 26:49
  Speaker 3: at that point.
• 26:51
  Speaker 2: And as we were talking about the Mayori before, many
• 26:54
  Speaker 2: look towards the works of the Maori people who have
• 26:57
  Speaker 2: worked tirelessly to preserve their culture and their Lafe language.
• 27:00
  Speaker 2: In another National Geographic article titled the Mayor saved their
• 27:04
  Speaker 2: language from extinction and Here's how they talk about the
• 27:07
  Speaker 2: revolution it took for them to rebel against the oppressive
• 27:11
  Speaker 2: government that tried to decimate the native culture. And if
• 27:14
  Speaker 2: you look up at any of the videos of this time,
• 27:17
  Speaker 2: they are like rock star video at least like a
• 27:20
  Speaker 2: music video towering there, you get really pumped. I'm like, yeah,
• 27:23
  Speaker 2: go at them. Come on, so you have time go
• 27:26
  Speaker 2: look this up. So their movement, which began in the
• 27:29
  Speaker 2: nineteen seventies, is an inspiration to many around the world.
• 27:33
  Speaker 2: Here's some information from that article quote. In the early
• 27:36
  Speaker 2: nineteen seventies, a contingent of young, urban and university educated
• 27:41
  Speaker 2: Maori began to form a movement in the air tourara
• 27:45
  Speaker 2: I so sorry the Tearo word for New Zealand. These
• 27:50
  Speaker 2: activists call themselves not Tomato or Young Warriors. Along with
• 27:54
  Speaker 2: other regional groups, they organize against the New Zealand government's
• 27:57
  Speaker 2: marginalization and force assimilation of married communities, starting with policies
• 28:02
  Speaker 2: designed to stem the use of terio Maori. And the
• 28:05
  Speaker 2: article continues. Dame Iritani taal Irani was a founder and
• 28:09
  Speaker 2: instrumental leader of the movement's first major success, cohangar Reo,
• 28:14
  Speaker 2: opened in nineteen eighty two. The Cohanga Reo model was
• 28:17
  Speaker 2: one of commitment, parents and Toddlers were expected to speak
• 28:20
  Speaker 2: only tereo, both in the classroom and at home, and
• 28:24
  Speaker 2: the curriculum focused solely on Maori history and culture. Elders
• 28:28
  Speaker 2: and other proficient language speakers led the class, translated in
• 28:32
  Speaker 2: English to language nests. The Cohanngo Reo was the first
• 28:36
  Speaker 2: program of its kind to use total language and cultural
• 28:39
  Speaker 2: immersion for married communities. The schools were a revelation, according
• 28:44
  Speaker 2: to the Tairi Rainy. The program started with five schools
• 28:47
  Speaker 2: and within three years expanded to more than three hundred locations.
• 28:51
  Speaker 2: The rapid spread of Kahango Reo marked an unprecedented success
• 28:55
  Speaker 2: of cultural regularmation for Tareri Raini. It showed the widespread
• 29:00
  Speaker 2: pent up desire Miori families felt to educate their children
• 29:03
  Speaker 2: according to their own, non colonial standards. The families on
• 29:07
  Speaker 2: the ground are fundamentally the basis for learning the language,
• 29:10
  Speaker 2: she says. The difference maker, she said, was that the
• 29:12
  Speaker 2: Congo Reo, particularly in the early years, were entirely community led.
• 29:18
  Speaker 2: Families raised the money to rent or buy classroom spaces
• 29:21
  Speaker 2: and volunteers planned and taught classes. Yeah and the language
• 29:27
  Speaker 2: news as a system were really very very successful. The
• 29:31
  Speaker 2: classes and written documents were also very important pieces of
• 29:35
  Speaker 2: this preservation puzzle, and I think it's really inspiring to
• 29:39
  Speaker 2: note that it worked. We actually have an example of
• 29:43
  Speaker 2: how they were able to preserve this. I think some
• 29:46
  Speaker 2: of the biggest problems is the decimation and the spreading
• 29:51
  Speaker 2: of the indigenous people. The way that we talked about
• 29:55
  Speaker 2: the trail of tears and how they were all kind
• 29:57
  Speaker 2: of just spread all over that really unfortunately divided its
• 30:05
  Speaker 2: abilities to be able to do these immersive classes, although
• 30:09
  Speaker 2: we're still seeing examples of it in pockets and different
• 30:12
  Speaker 2: Native communities, which is amazing to watch and see. And
• 30:16
  Speaker 2: with that, I think part of what we're looking at
• 30:21
  Speaker 2: with the age of media and technology is helping to
• 30:24
  Speaker 2: grow and help spread messages globally, which is great, and
• 30:29
  Speaker 2: many have started using them to their advantage. Yes.
• 30:33
  Speaker 1: In fact, a trio of Apache women have already started
• 30:36
  Speaker 1: working with tech to record the language from fizz dot org.
• 30:40
  Speaker 3: Quote.
• 30:40
  Speaker 1: In one such endeavor, three Native American women rack their
• 30:43
  Speaker 1: brains as they gather around a computer trying to remember
• 30:46
  Speaker 1: and record dozens of Apache language words related to everyday
• 30:50
  Speaker 1: activity such as cooking and eating. They are creating an
• 30:53
  Speaker 1: online English Apache dictionary just one of several projects working
• 30:57
  Speaker 1: to preserve endangered indigenous languages in the United States. The
• 31:03
  Speaker 1: article continues teacher Joscelyn Johnson and two of her colleagues
• 31:07
  Speaker 1: validate the definition of the word Apache word kappas, which
• 31:10
  Speaker 1: means potato in English. Quote. The applications in the written
• 31:14
  Speaker 1: language are good for a non speaker, at least they'll
• 31:17
  Speaker 1: have a museum of it where they can go for reference.
• 31:19
  Speaker 1: At Johnson a sixty eight year old who teaches Apachy
• 31:22
  Speaker 1: vocabulary and grammar.
• 31:24
  Speaker 2: So this type of technology could be revolutionary, but of course,
• 31:30
  Speaker 2: as we've talked about many times, when it comes to tech,
• 31:34
  Speaker 2: we have to proceed with caution. The software they mentioned
• 31:37
  Speaker 2: in the article is the Rapid Word Collection or the RWC,
• 31:41
  Speaker 2: which uses an algorithm to quote search Apache text and
• 31:45
  Speaker 2: audio databases for so called forgotten words. The words are
• 31:49
  Speaker 2: then defined, translated into English, and their pronunciations recorded so
• 31:53
  Speaker 2: the dictionaries users will know how to say them properly.
• 31:56
  Speaker 3: It's all great ideas.
• 31:58
  Speaker 2: The program was developed by an Inji called TLC or
• 32:01
  Speaker 2: The Language Conservancy, to protect indigenous languages and created to
• 32:05
  Speaker 2: help make dictionaries at a rapid speed, so being able
• 32:09
  Speaker 2: to do it quickly where they don't have to do individually.
• 32:11
  Speaker 2: Do this, however, again we say you have to be cautious.
• 32:17
  Speaker 2: One Native language specialist state that they were concerned that
• 32:20
  Speaker 2: quotes such projects impose a Western way of writing onto
• 32:24
  Speaker 2: an Indigenous.
• 32:25
  Speaker 3: Way of speaking. I guess that's what we're doing.
• 32:28
  Speaker 2: The vast majority of human languages are solely oral with
• 32:32
  Speaker 2: no writing systems. And then there's a Lakota indigenous leader
• 32:35
  Speaker 2: who even denounced the organization, saying that you were trying
• 32:38
  Speaker 2: to copyright the teaching materials and using the elder's work.
• 32:43
  Speaker 2: So definitely something to pay attention to. Again, the NGO
• 32:46
  Speaker 2: was like, hey, no, we're not doing that.
• 32:47
  Speaker 3: We're just trying to help preserve a language. But as
• 32:51
  Speaker 3: we know, when it comes to.
• 32:55
  Speaker 2: Good concepts or good intentions, capitalism does its own thing
• 33:02
  Speaker 2: and ruins a lot of stuff and loves to steal things. Yeah, anyway,
• 33:08
  Speaker 2: especially from indigenous cultures. So as much as we want
• 33:12
  Speaker 2: to celebrate things like this, let's just like being hopeful
• 33:16
  Speaker 2: that yes, it does help preserve and that's the end
• 33:19
  Speaker 2: of it. But we have to make sure that we
• 33:21
  Speaker 2: are holding NGOs and tech groups accountable. Moving on, it's
• 33:35
  Speaker 2: not just tech that's advancing the preservation of languages, but
• 33:39
  Speaker 2: also things like songs and books, movies and social media. Fox,
• 33:43
  Speaker 2: who we mentioned earlier and interviewed previously, has made sure
• 33:49
  Speaker 2: to use her skill as a filmmaker and director to
• 33:51
  Speaker 2: preserve her native community in sacred traditions. As in fact,
• 33:54
  Speaker 2: they kind of locked down one tradition I remember her
• 33:58
  Speaker 2: talking about it that they had used in a long time.
• 34:01
  Speaker 2: They were able to record it and go through with
• 34:03
  Speaker 2: her daughter and have this like magical moment and something
• 34:06
  Speaker 2: that they forgot about essentially, and they're like bringing back
• 34:11
  Speaker 2: and we love that conversation. Same thing we talked about
• 34:14
  Speaker 2: her newer project, which we haven't caught up with our sons,
• 34:17
  Speaker 2: and we need to. I think we need to follow
• 34:19
  Speaker 2: up talking about foods and specific types of foods and
• 34:23
  Speaker 2: things that are no longer grown and how they're trying
• 34:26
  Speaker 2: to bring them back, which is really really important, right
• 34:30
  Speaker 2: Annie a savor.
• 34:32
  Speaker 1: Yes, I was excited about that when she mentioned it
• 34:35
  Speaker 1: in an interview and I'm still than.
• 34:37
  Speaker 3: So we need to go back to that.
• 34:39
  Speaker 2: And then there's films like Long Line of Ladies, which
• 34:42
  Speaker 2: tells the coming of age story of one young woman
• 34:44
  Speaker 2: who takes part in a ceremony which was once not
• 34:47
  Speaker 2: outlawed necessarily but very looked down on. Like literally violence
• 34:52
  Speaker 2: was used against those who would try to do these ceremonies.
• 34:56
  Speaker 3: And they bring.
• 34:57
  Speaker 2: This back and in this movie they help preserve and
• 35:01
  Speaker 2: show a cultural tradition that could have been prominently lost.
• 35:04
  Speaker 2: So we need to add this movie to our list.
• 35:07
  Speaker 2: But yeah, films like that, and there's so many others
• 35:09
  Speaker 2: that I'm not mentioning that really help preserve the language
• 35:11
  Speaker 2: because they do actually speak the language. There was one
• 35:14
  Speaker 2: that actually retold Thanksgiving from more of a native perspective
• 35:18
  Speaker 2: with actual native language spoken during that time, so beautifully done.
• 35:22
  Speaker 2: Then we have songs that have been handed over and
• 35:25
  Speaker 2: sung over the years to preserve legends and tales of
• 35:28
  Speaker 2: cultural significances. But also recently, the younger generations have come
• 35:33
  Speaker 2: out boldly using their native languages as part of their
• 35:36
  Speaker 2: music and sound like a Mayan musician Sarah Caruci, and
• 35:41
  Speaker 2: here's a quote from Smithsonian's Folk Life Festival blog where
• 35:45
  Speaker 2: they celebrated this. In her music Kacchika, Maya musician Sarah
• 35:51
  Speaker 2: Carucci revises these statements. She makes it clear that the
• 35:55
  Speaker 2: Maya are not were a strong and resilient people. As
• 35:59
  Speaker 2: one of the first singers to expose international audiences to
• 36:02
  Speaker 2: her native language of Kechikel, Kruch is a strong cultural
• 36:07
  Speaker 2: ambassador for her heritage. She composes a song in both
• 36:11
  Speaker 2: Cochkil and Spanish, putting these languages to mixes of folk
• 36:15
  Speaker 2: rock and traditional Maya tunes. These sounds combined with the
• 36:19
  Speaker 2: topics that are at the same time personal and universal
• 36:23
  Speaker 2: for music that highlights the complexity of the modern indigenous identity,
• 36:27
  Speaker 2: which is beautiful, which I hope we get to see
• 36:30
  Speaker 2: more of this. I've actually had a several indigenous rock
• 36:34
  Speaker 2: musicians and soft rock and folk musicians pop up on
• 36:37
  Speaker 2: my TikTok, which I love. I think that's one of
• 36:41
  Speaker 2: my favorite parts. When you hear international music, something that's
• 36:45
  Speaker 2: different from your norm and they actually bring in traditional
• 36:48
  Speaker 2: sounds and languages, it's gorgeous. And I will say for myself,
• 36:52
  Speaker 2: who's again trying to learn Korean, using k pop, using
• 36:57
  Speaker 2: k jramas really do help in understanding what is being
• 37:01
  Speaker 2: said and preserving and revitalizing for me, like personally a
• 37:06
  Speaker 2: language that I haven't spoken in over thirty five years,
• 37:10
  Speaker 2: So so many things to this level, and it's gorgeous
• 37:12
  Speaker 2: to see. And again it's being led by mainly women,
• 37:16
  Speaker 2: Like you see so many women being at the forefront
• 37:20
  Speaker 2: in this type of preservation, in this type of cultural awareness.
• 37:24
  Speaker 2: Like it's a beautiful thing, but also very tiresome, I'm
• 37:27
  Speaker 2: sure for them. And obviously there's so much more to
• 37:32
  Speaker 2: this conversation, so many people we need to talk about.
• 37:35
  Speaker 2: I'm sure we'll be bringing some more out the part
• 37:38
  Speaker 2: we play in helping to preserve the indigenous cultures and
• 37:42
  Speaker 2: how not to be in the way or be oppressive.
• 37:45
  Speaker 2: You know, that's a really big part of the conversation. Again,
• 37:48
  Speaker 2: like I said, I feel like this could be a
• 37:50
  Speaker 2: series of different things, and we want to bring more
• 37:53
  Speaker 2: indigenous creators to the forefront in this conversation as well.
• 37:57
  Speaker 3: So, oh there's a lot.
• 38:00
  Speaker 1: Annie, Yeah, yeah, there is, And it's such important work
• 38:05
  Speaker 1: and I'm glad it's being done. I'm sad that it
• 38:07
  Speaker 1: has to be done like this, but i am glad
• 38:09
  Speaker 1: that it is being done. But if there's anybody you
• 38:13
  Speaker 1: want us to shout out or any resources you have, listeners,
• 38:17
  Speaker 1: please let us know. You can email us at Stepania
• 38:20
  Speaker 1: mom stuff atiheartmedia dot com. You can find us on
• 38:22
  Speaker 1: Twitter at moms a Podcast, or on TikTok and Instagram
• 38:25
  Speaker 1: at stuff Whene Ever Told You? For us on YouTube,
• 38:28
  Speaker 1: we have a tea public store, and we have a
• 38:29
  Speaker 1: book you can get wherever you get your books. Thanks
• 38:32
  Speaker 1: as always too, our super producer Christina, our executive producer Maya,
• 38:36
  Speaker 1: and our contributor Joey. Thank you and thanks to you
• 38:38
  Speaker 1: for listening. Stuff I Ever Told You is production by
• 38:40
  Speaker 1: Heart Radio. For more podcasts from my heart Radio, you
• 38:42
  Speaker 1: can check out the heart Radio app, Apple podcast or
• 38:44
  Speaker 1: every listen to favorite shows