Latest / Dr Justin Coulson's Happy Families / Drop-Off Drama: How to Help Your Toddler Settle
Transcript
- 0:06Speaker 1: This is the Happy Famili's podcast. One of society's perennial problems.
- 0:10Speaker 1: One of the biggest challenges that parents face is kids
- 0:13Speaker 1: being upset at daycare drop off.
- 0:16Speaker 2: Today, we answer a tricky.
- 0:18Speaker 1: Question that involves what's going on in kids' brains when
- 0:22Speaker 1: we drop them off and they melt down?
- 0:25Speaker 2: And how is that different to cry it out?
- 0:28Speaker 1: Specifically, if crying it out is so bad for kids,
- 0:32Speaker 1: that isolation, that parental separation, how is that any different
- 0:37Speaker 1: to leaving bigger kids at daycare, preschool, kinder so that
- 0:42Speaker 1: they can have a day without you. That is coming
- 0:45Speaker 1: up in just a sec as well as some answers
- 0:48Speaker 1: for what to do around these separation challenges on the
- 0:52Speaker 1: Happy Familiess podcast Stay with us. Hello, Welcome to the
- 0:57Speaker 1: Happy Famili's podcast, Real Parenting Solutions. Every single day we
- 1:01Speaker 1: are Justin and Kylie calls and parents have six children.
- 1:04Speaker 1: I'm the author of a bunch of books, including I'm
- 1:06Speaker 1: Still Breathing, Size of Relief, after how Long, Kylie, After
- 1:10Speaker 1: Forever and ever and ever. I've handed in the Boys' Manuscript.
- 1:12Speaker 1: The Boys Book is now being edited.
- 1:14Speaker 2: At the publisher. Oh, and it feels so good.
- 1:17Speaker 3: I'm glad it feels good for you. I'm still kind
- 1:19Speaker 3: of holding my breath a little.
- 1:21Speaker 2: There's more work to come over. We're getting close.
- 1:23Speaker 1: We've got a publication date for sort of early to
- 1:26Speaker 1: mid next year as well.
- 1:27Speaker 2: Details on that soon.
- 1:28Speaker 1: But today, as we do every Tuesday on the pod,
- 1:30Speaker 1: we answer your tricky questions. If you have a tricky
- 1:33Speaker 1: question that you'd like to ask us, it doesn't really
- 1:34Speaker 1: matter what it's about. We'll pretty much talk about anything
- 1:38Speaker 1: at all. Just jump online to happy families dot com
- 1:40Speaker 1: dot you scroll down to where it says podcasts and
- 1:44Speaker 1: click the record button. It's a super simple system. You
- 1:46Speaker 1: literally push the button and start talking and we'll talk
- 1:49Speaker 1: about it all Happy families dot com dot au. If
- 1:53Speaker 1: you would like your question featured on the podcast, Kylie.
- 1:56Speaker 1: Today's question is a tough one from icy wa.
- 2:01Speaker 4: Hi daughter Justin. I'm Icy I'm from Basleton. We have
- 2:04Speaker 4: a three and a half year old son and a
- 2:06Speaker 4: nine months old daughter. I'm just wondering as if cryed
- 2:09Speaker 4: our sleep training is not appropriate for babies as they
- 2:11Speaker 4: feel abandoned. Wouldn't that be the same when I dropped
- 2:15Speaker 4: my son of childcare, having him crying, kicking and scream
- 2:19Speaker 4: mummy while watching me walk away from him. He go
- 2:22Speaker 4: there twice a week and he's still we feel same
- 2:24Speaker 4: to go, even he has been there for over a
- 2:26Speaker 4: year now. I often tell him beforehand, is there any
- 2:30Speaker 4: other way I can help him? Is it not good
- 2:33Speaker 4: for his mental development? Or should I just believe it's
- 2:36Speaker 4: got to be good for him as he can learn
- 2:38Speaker 4: how to socialize with other people.
- 2:40Speaker 2: I see.
- 2:41Speaker 1: It's such a tough one, and this is one of
- 2:43Speaker 1: those things that's been going on forever and ever and
- 2:45Speaker 1: ever since we've had childcare for our kids. Kids have
- 2:49Speaker 1: said but no, but no, I want to stay with mom.
- 2:52Speaker 1: I love the question, Carly. I'm going to throw it
- 2:54Speaker 1: strike to you. You've got a background in the child care.
- 2:55Speaker 1: You spent the first several years of our life together
- 2:58Speaker 1: working in that industry. When you hear this baby crying
- 3:02Speaker 1: it out versus three and a half year old dealing
- 3:04Speaker 1: with separation anxiety ically saying that the same things are different,
- 3:07Speaker 1: I certainly have some strong opinions here, and I think
- 3:10Speaker 1: we've got good evidence behind what I'm going to say.
- 3:12Speaker 1: But what's your initial impulse, your initial reaction?
- 3:14Speaker 3: It's not the same. It's definitely not the same. When
- 3:17Speaker 3: you think about a nine month old baby left in
- 3:19Speaker 3: a room or by themselves to cry it out, there's
- 3:22Speaker 3: no one there to support them through that process. You've
- 3:25Speaker 3: walked away and as far as they're concerned, you're not
- 3:28Speaker 3: coming back. Yeah yeah, yeah, compared to your three and
- 3:30Speaker 3: a half year old who you're dropping off that daycare
- 3:33Speaker 3: clearly in a place that you feel comfortable with, you
- 3:37Speaker 3: feel safe in. You've got carers who are taking care
- 3:41Speaker 3: of them, You've got others peers there who can help
- 3:45Speaker 3: rally around him, and he's got the support he needs
- 3:48Speaker 3: to work through the process.
- 3:50Speaker 1: Yeah, okay, so support networks are a critical difference there.
- 3:52Speaker 1: There are a couple of other things that I'm going
- 3:54Speaker 1: to step into from a developmental emotional perspective, a cognitive
- 3:58Speaker 1: perspective as well. The first is that a baby has
- 4:02Speaker 1: no concept whatsoever of the fact that there's time, there's routines,
- 4:07Speaker 1: there's schedules. They just think that they've been left alone,
- 4:10Speaker 1: whereas a three and a half year old does know
- 4:12Speaker 1: and you can explain again and again and again. I mean,
- 4:13Speaker 1: they'll be upset about it, but you can explain, here's
- 4:16Speaker 1: what's happening, here's what I'm doing. They do get it.
- 4:18Speaker 1: It's not they don't have the cognitive capacity of an
- 4:21Speaker 1: older child, but they do get that.
- 4:23Speaker 2: They understand I will be back later. Later is a thing.
- 4:26Speaker 1: It does exist, and we've got history. Every time I've
- 4:28Speaker 1: told you I'm coming back, I've come back. So from
- 4:30Speaker 1: a cognitive point of view, the big kid versus the
- 4:33Speaker 1: little kid, the three and a half year old versus
- 4:35Speaker 1: the six month old and the nine month old, it
- 4:37Speaker 1: is a significant difference. The other thing outside of your
- 4:40Speaker 1: comment about support networks and mine about cognitive differences is
- 4:45Speaker 1: emotional development, the ability to regulate your emotions. So emotion
- 4:50Speaker 1: regulation is really really poor in three year olds, but
- 4:54Speaker 1: it is in its early stages of development. You've got
- 4:58Speaker 1: a baby. They have no ability to regulate their emotions
- 5:01Speaker 1: at all. If they're feeling something, you know it. If
- 5:03Speaker 1: they're feeling isolated, scared, they've got a pee nappy, they
- 5:06Speaker 1: will let you know.
- 5:07Speaker 2: They don't regulate. They don't think.
- 5:08Speaker 1: Now it's not convenient, I'll just give mom and dad
- 5:10Speaker 1: another ten minutes. They just lose the plot right away
- 5:13Speaker 1: because they're uncomfortable or they need help. So with a three,
- 5:16Speaker 1: three and a half, four year old. They they want
- 5:19Speaker 1: your love, they want your security, and when they feel
- 5:23Speaker 1: like they're being deprived of it, they will lose the plot.
- 5:27Speaker 1: But Kylie, let me ask you this, and I'm not
- 5:30Speaker 1: saying this is ideal by any stretch, but when kids
- 5:33Speaker 1: would lose it after being dropped off at childcare when
- 5:36Speaker 1: you were working in centers, how many of them, as
- 5:41Speaker 1: a percentage continued to cry for another ten, twenty thirty
- 5:45Speaker 1: minutes or even all day.
- 5:47Speaker 3: So I can only remember one child in my training
- 5:50Speaker 3: days came from a different country so did not speak
- 5:56Speaker 3: the language oh wow, and was placed in care every
- 6:00Speaker 3: day and he literally cried from the time his parents
- 6:04Speaker 3: dropped him off to the time he was picked up.
- 6:06Speaker 1: Okay, so that's a really unusual one. But the norm
- 6:09Speaker 1: when a child is upset.
- 6:10Speaker 3: The norm would be maybe two three five minutes max.
- 6:16Speaker 3: Generally speaking, Mum and Dad walk out the door, they
- 6:18Speaker 3: have a big cuddle with Cara, and they get distracted. Yeah,
- 6:22Speaker 3: and they go find something big and shining to play with, right,
- 6:25Speaker 3: And that would be general practice.
- 6:27Speaker 1: So that's my biggest response here to Icee is that, yeah,
- 6:30Speaker 1: separation hurts. I mean it as an adult when I
- 6:33Speaker 1: leave you in the morning to go off to work
- 6:36Speaker 1: or do what. I've got a home office. Even when
- 6:38Speaker 1: I'm working in the office, sometimes I don't want to
- 6:40Speaker 1: take the ten steps from the front door to the office.
- 6:42Speaker 2: Because I miss you. I want to be with you.
- 6:43Speaker 2: And so even as adults, we crave one another. We're
- 6:46Speaker 2: ultrasocial beings. We're supposed to be together. That's how we're
- 6:49Speaker 2: wirde precisely.
- 6:50Speaker 1: But if your child is recovering really quickly and then
- 6:53Speaker 1: adapting well for the remainder of the day, then I'm
- 6:56Speaker 1: just not that concerned about it. Am I a little
- 6:58Speaker 1: bit concerned about it? Yeah, it's it's not natural, it's
- 7:00Speaker 1: not normal. It's not how we've done things for the
- 7:02Speaker 1: entire history of the planet, across every culture. But it
- 7:05Speaker 1: is what we do now, and kids seem to adapt okay,
- 7:07Speaker 1: And we don't have any evidence that it's creating any
- 7:10Speaker 1: long term mental health challenges for our children. If your
- 7:13Speaker 1: children are going to have mental health challenges, it's much
- 7:15Speaker 1: likely to be a whole lot of other stuff that
- 7:16Speaker 1: happens at other points in their life, both both when
- 7:19Speaker 1: the young and when they're all But I don't think
- 7:21Speaker 1: this is the key criteria here.
- 7:24Speaker 3: So two key indicators to help you feel I guess
- 7:28Speaker 3: more at ease with your decision. Number one, the recognition
- 7:33Speaker 3: that after you leave, they calm down very quickly, they
- 7:36Speaker 3: get into their social networks and they engage in activities
- 7:39Speaker 3: throughout the day. And number two, how do they present
- 7:43Speaker 3: when you pick them up?
- 7:45Speaker 2: Right?
- 7:45Speaker 3: Are they happy to see you?
- 7:46Speaker 2: Yes?
- 7:47Speaker 3: Or are they devastated? You know, if there's big emotions
- 7:51Speaker 3: around a pick up, well we.
- 7:53Speaker 1: Call that an ambivalent or an avoidant attachment style, and
- 7:57Speaker 1: that is a signal that there are concerns.
- 7:59Speaker 2: Good news really really uncommon.
- 8:02Speaker 3: So we would often drop off at one of our children.
- 8:04Speaker 3: She would lose the plot every year, but then by
- 8:07Speaker 3: the time I'd go and pick her up, I couldn't
- 8:08Speaker 3: get her to love. So that's a clear indicator that
- 8:16Speaker 3: while we don't love separating, once we're there, we're actually
- 8:20Speaker 3: so engaged and so enjoying and experienced and.
- 8:24Speaker 2: We don't want to separating again.
- 8:25Speaker 1: That's right at the other end of the day, even
- 8:27Speaker 1: though that is normal development, and there is an attachment
- 8:30Speaker 1: hierarchy riot like if your child has a choice between
- 8:33Speaker 1: usually it's mum at the top of the hierarchy. That's
- 8:35Speaker 1: quite normal, and dad can sometimes be offended by it,
- 8:38Speaker 1: but that's totally normal. Your child is clearly going to
- 8:42Speaker 1: choose you over the childcare center staff or over the
- 8:47Speaker 1: friends at the childcare center, because let's.
- 8:49Speaker 3: Be real, if they're not choosing you over the childcare stuff,
- 8:51Speaker 3: you're going to be devastated, which mum goes off. Great,
- 8:55Speaker 3: I'm glad you love them more than me.
- 8:57Speaker 2: All right.
- 8:57Speaker 1: After the break, we needed to tackle a couple of
- 8:59Speaker 1: the other questions that Icy has asked, specifically, if my
- 9:03Speaker 1: child is still upset like this after a year, is
- 9:06Speaker 1: that a problem? And secondly, will he ever learn how
- 9:11Speaker 1: to make this work? That's coming up in just a
- 9:13Speaker 1: sec on the Happy Families podcast Stay with.
- 9:16Speaker 5: Us today on The Happy Family's podcast, Answering tricky questions
- 9:27Speaker 5: this one childhood attachment.
- 9:29Speaker 1: Security, whether or not kids like or don't like being
- 9:32Speaker 1: dropped off at childcare, and should we do anything about it?
- 9:35Speaker 2: Kylie.
- 9:35Speaker 1: The second thing that Icee really zeroed in on was
- 9:38Speaker 1: I've been taking my child's to childcare for a year now.
- 9:41Speaker 1: Child is currently three and a half, so it started
- 9:43Speaker 1: at two and a half. Not happy, still having the
- 9:46Speaker 1: tantrums twice a week, this is just.
- 9:49Speaker 2: An ongoing dilemma. I'd love again your take before I
- 9:52Speaker 2: throw in my two cents.
- 9:54Speaker 3: So again, if we go back to those two key
- 9:56Speaker 3: factors after you leave, how is the child.
- 9:59Speaker 2: Responding, settling in or not yet?
- 10:01Speaker 3: If they're not settling in, then we actually do have
- 10:03Speaker 3: an issue. We've got a child who's distressed all day
- 10:06Speaker 3: and is not able to regulate at all. And then
- 10:10Speaker 3: the second thing is how are they coping at the
- 10:12Speaker 3: other end, So they would be my first two things
- 10:15Speaker 3: having conversations with care is finding out what's happening during
- 10:18Speaker 3: the day and then assessing the situation from there.
- 10:22Speaker 1: We haven't swapped notes here, but I've got pretty much
- 10:24Speaker 1: exactly the same thing written down. If there are ongoing problems,
- 10:29Speaker 1: this is what I say to I've had parents say, like,
- 10:31Speaker 1: my child doesn't like going to swimming lessons. We're having tantrums,
- 10:34Speaker 1: can't get him in the pool, can't get her in
- 10:35Speaker 1: the pool. It's usually a boy and there's all this
- 10:38Speaker 1: drama going on. And so my normal response to that
- 10:40Speaker 1: is take them out for six months, take them out
- 10:42Speaker 1: for a year, and help them to just sort of
- 10:44Speaker 1: grow up a bit. They learn how to emotionally regulate
- 10:46Speaker 1: better and then they will figure it out. Now with preschool,
- 10:49Speaker 1: you might not have that same level of privilege to
- 10:51Speaker 1: be able to have your child at home. Maybe you
- 10:53Speaker 1: need to work. The child has to be in care.
- 10:55Speaker 1: But to the degree that you can either change the environment,
- 10:59Speaker 1: change the tea, or take them out, that might be
- 11:01Speaker 1: something to consider. If there's daily distress all day every
- 11:05Speaker 1: day while they're in the center.
- 11:07Speaker 3: So Icy is asked whether or not he's going to
- 11:11Speaker 3: be able to learn to socialize with kids. That seems
- 11:14Speaker 3: to be her main motivator for having him in care.
- 11:17Speaker 3: I think so often we fall into this trapp as parents,
- 11:20Speaker 3: thinking if we don't socialize our children from an early age,
- 11:24Speaker 3: that they're going to struggle when it comes to school.
- 11:27Speaker 3: If we have a strong social network, if we have
- 11:31Speaker 3: a strong village around us, then socialization in a formalized
- 11:36Speaker 3: setting is actually not needed at all. Our children are
- 11:41Speaker 3: going to receive the socializing that they need through daily
- 11:45Speaker 3: interactions with friends and family. If we don't have that,
- 11:50Speaker 3: then our next step, instead of using childcare as the
- 11:54Speaker 3: socialization vehicle, is to create it. We become part of
- 11:58Speaker 3: a playgroup. We pick one or two families where we
- 12:02Speaker 3: see the kids actually have something in common and we say, hey,
- 12:05Speaker 3: would you like to catch up for morning tea? Would
- 12:07Speaker 3: you like to meet me at the park. It actually
- 12:09Speaker 3: takes a little bit more effort on our part, but
- 12:12Speaker 3: it is definitely an easier way for children who are
- 12:16Speaker 3: really struggling with separation anxiety.
- 12:18Speaker 2: Yeah, the idea.
- 12:18Speaker 1: Alfiekne talks about what he calls the bagooty principle. Bagouty
- 12:22Speaker 1: is an acronym bg ut I better get used to it,
- 12:29Speaker 1: And a lot of parents use the bagooty principle to
- 12:31Speaker 1: get the kids to all kinds of things that are
- 12:32Speaker 1: really hard and horrible because at some point in the
- 12:34Speaker 1: future they're going to have to do it anyway, so
- 12:35Speaker 1: they might as well get used to it now. And childcare,
- 12:38Speaker 1: in some circumstances can be exactly that. If a child
- 12:40Speaker 1: doesn't have to be there, then why get them used
- 12:42Speaker 1: to it. They'll get used to it when they're five
- 12:43Speaker 1: and they have to go to big school.
- 12:45Speaker 3: So a couple of tips. If this is something that
- 12:48Speaker 3: you actually really need to continue doing.
- 12:50Speaker 1: Yeah, if he's got to be at childcare and you're
- 12:53Speaker 1: just stuck with it, how do you minimize the distress.
- 12:55Speaker 3: Do you tell them before you go one hundred percent?
- 12:58Speaker 2: Tell me more bit on the fence on that one.
- 13:01Speaker 3: Don't ever surprise a kid.
- 13:04Speaker 1: Well, yeah, you don't want to say, guess what, we're
- 13:06Speaker 1: at kinder again today, that's right, Yeah, fair enough.
- 13:09Speaker 3: They're smart enough. They know what's going on. You're packing
- 13:11Speaker 3: their bag, you're putting their.
- 13:12Speaker 2: Shoes down this street.
- 13:14Speaker 3: We've done this before. Okay, so you actually the best
- 13:17Speaker 3: thing you can do. Kids at this age need consistency, routine,
- 13:23Speaker 3: and predictability. That's how their world feels safe. So it's
- 13:27Speaker 3: not a sometimes thing. We have to give them a
- 13:30Speaker 3: clear routine so that they know exactly what's happening. That's
- 13:33Speaker 3: the first thing. I know that that sounds a little
- 13:36Speaker 3: bit counterproductive for a kid who is anxious about leaving
- 13:40Speaker 3: his mum.
- 13:41Speaker 2: Yeah, is it going to spike my anxiety? Yeah?
- 13:43Speaker 3: So then the second thing is to find something, whether
- 13:47Speaker 3: it might be just a small small piece of fabric
- 13:50Speaker 3: or you don't want to take a toy because it
- 13:52Speaker 3: can get stolen or lost or broken, but something that
- 13:55Speaker 3: represents mum and him, something that he can take from
- 14:00Speaker 3: that's kind of like a comfort he's got that just
- 14:03Speaker 3: even if he keeps it in his pocket. There's a
- 14:05Speaker 3: beautiful book called The Kissing Hand by Audrey Penn, and
- 14:08Speaker 3: it just shares the experience of a mum kissing her
- 14:12Speaker 3: child's hand and getting him to kind of, you know,
- 14:15Speaker 3: wrap his fingers around it, and the acknowledgment that even
- 14:18Speaker 3: though she's not there, whenever he feels a little bit anxious,
- 14:22Speaker 3: that he can open his hand up and kind of
- 14:24Speaker 3: place it on his cheeker, on his heart and know
- 14:26Speaker 3: that Mom's there.
- 14:27Speaker 2: That is a big gully.
- 14:27Speaker 3: I like that finding opportunities to just not bubble wrap him,
- 14:31Speaker 3: but just scaffold him so that he knows, even telling
- 14:36Speaker 3: him and teaching him how to read the clock and
- 14:38Speaker 3: that you will be here at that time, and then
- 14:41Speaker 3: honoring that if it's three o'clock, you can't be three
- 14:44Speaker 3: or five, you have to be three o'clock. So those
- 14:48Speaker 3: few things will help him to recognize that not only
- 14:52Speaker 3: do you love him, that you're with him all day
- 14:54Speaker 3: even when he can't see you, but that you will
- 14:56Speaker 3: be back. Are definitely going to help.
- 14:59Speaker 1: And I'm just going to th one more in. I mean,
- 15:00Speaker 1: I've actually liked this podcast. Normally I am the voice.
- 15:02Speaker 1: Normally I am the expert. You've you've owned, You've dominated
- 15:06Speaker 1: this one. It's been so so great. But let me
- 15:08Speaker 1: throw one last one in, and that is give him
- 15:10Speaker 1: something to look forward to when he's going. So who
- 15:14Speaker 1: is he going to see? Who can he meet at
- 15:16Speaker 1: the front gate? Who is his favorite person? And can
- 15:19Speaker 1: they meet you in the car park so that they
- 15:21Speaker 1: can be excited to get out of the car together
- 15:23Speaker 1: and walk in together. Is there something that the childcare
- 15:27Speaker 1: teacher can greet him with or get him to do
- 15:30Speaker 1: straight away so that he's a distracted, be busy and
- 15:33Speaker 1: c making a meaningful contribution, something to look forward to, someone.
- 15:37Speaker 2: To be with. It makes his experience of being.
- 15:40Speaker 1: At childcare feel a lot more personally choiceful and therefore
- 15:43Speaker 1: easier to smooth that transition.
- 15:46Speaker 3: You've just said that, and it's made me think of
- 15:48Speaker 3: two things.
- 15:49Speaker 2: We're out of time. You're going to do it fast.
- 15:51Speaker 3: Don't linger when you drop him off.
- 15:53Speaker 2: Look at you being the expert and taking all the
- 15:54Speaker 2: time today.
- 15:55Speaker 3: If don't linger, don't linger. The longer you take to
- 15:59Speaker 3: say good by, the harder it is. This is again
- 16:02Speaker 3: counted intuitive, but you actually need to make it crisp,
- 16:06Speaker 3: concise and just.
- 16:08Speaker 2: Moves just like our podcasts crisp and concise.
- 16:11Speaker 3: Yeah, but that will require you working really closely with
- 16:15Speaker 3: the caregiver, right, They need to be a part of
- 16:17Speaker 3: that process. It's a quick exchange. You leave, they take over.
- 16:22Speaker 3: And the last thing is you talk about having having
- 16:25Speaker 3: something to look forward to when you get there, having
- 16:27Speaker 3: a ritual that you do when you pick him up,
- 16:30Speaker 3: something that he gets to do with you and he
- 16:32Speaker 3: gets to look forward to it.
- 16:33Speaker 2: Baby Chinos could be a baby Chino.
- 16:35Speaker 3: It could be stopping off at the park. It could
- 16:37Speaker 3: be gonna give Grammar a hug. Like literally, it's just
- 16:41Speaker 3: about the same thing every time that lights him up.
- 16:45Speaker 3: He knows at the end of the day, I get
- 16:47Speaker 3: to do this and it excites him.
- 16:48Speaker 1: I see from Busso we really hope that we've answered
- 16:50Speaker 1: your question effectively and helpfully today. Thanks so much for
- 16:53Speaker 1: sending it through. You can send your tricky questions to
- 16:55Speaker 1: podcasts at happy families dot com dot You just send
- 16:58Speaker 1: a voice note podcasts at Happy Families or visit us
- 17:01Speaker 1: at happy families dot com dot I U scroll down
- 17:03Speaker 1: to the podcast section, press the record button, then start
- 17:05Speaker 1: talking another tricky question next Tuesday on the pod Tomorrow
- 17:10Speaker 1: on the podcast, Karna Savage, registered accredited practicing dietician talking
- 17:14Speaker 1: about neurodiversity and diet. How do we deal with kids
- 17:18Speaker 1: that have all kinds of fussiness and challenges around eating.
- 17:22Speaker 1: We're going to discuss that on the pod. The Happy
- 17:24Speaker 1: Families podcast is produced by Justin Ruland from Bridge Media.
- 17:27Speaker 1: Mimhammon's provides additional research, admin and other support and if
- 17:30Speaker 1: you'd like more info to make your family happier, especially
- 17:32Speaker 1: on topics like this, check out the webinar Little People,
- 17:36Speaker 1: Big Feelings online now at happy families dot com dot
- 17:39Speaker 1: you