Latest / In the Loop AI / OpenAI Device Leak: They Claim Fake News, But We're Not So Sure!
Transcript
- 0:00Ejaaz: Picture this. It's Super Bowl Sunday, 140 million people are tuned in tensions at an all-time high.
- 0:06Ejaaz: And a mysterious Reddit account posts about how OpenAI was supposed to release
- 0:10Ejaaz: an advert about their new consumer AI hardware device.
- 0:14Ejaaz: Minutes later, someone hacks into this person's server and reveals a 35-second-long
- 0:19Ejaaz: polished advert featuring celebrity Alexander Skarsgård wearing futuristic stainless
- 0:24Ejaaz: steel over-the-ear pair of earbuds and staring at a mysterious pebble-like metal device.
- 0:30Ejaaz: The internet absolutely explodes. News publications post about this.
- 0:34Ejaaz: Tech Twitter absolutely blows up.
- 0:35Ejaaz: Until a few hours later, when the president of OpenAI, Greg Brockman,
- 0:39Ejaaz: shuts it down with two words, fake news.
- 0:42Ejaaz: Now, the advert might have been fake, but the device is very real.
- 0:46Ejaaz: And on this episode, we're going to explore the $6.5 billion love child between
- 0:50Ejaaz: OpenAI and Johnny Ive and revealing
- 0:52Ejaaz: why that's going to lead to three potential new devices this year.
- 0:56Josh: Yeah, I have a lot of questions about the legitimacy of this,
- 0:59Josh: the way in which we came to discovering this ad, which we're going to get into.
- 1:02Josh: This is very much an investigative episode, but I figured the best place to
- 1:06Josh: start is probably just to show the leaked ad. So let's watch that first before we talk about it.
- 1:25Josh: Man, it really, it looks so good.
- 1:41Josh: Dime. Almost time. Okay, there's a lot to unpack with this video.
- 1:46Josh: But first, maybe let's set the backstory of how we came to discover this.
- 1:50Josh: So as the Super Bowl was winding down on Sunday night, a Reddit account named
- 1:54Josh: Winnehata, which has since been deleted, posted what appeared to be a rant of
- 1:59Josh: a frustrated OpenAI employee.
- 2:01Josh: And the story was pretty simple. They'd worked on this incredible Super Bowl
- 2:04Josh: commercial for OpenAI's first hardware device, and it was supposed to air during the game.
- 2:08Josh: But at the last minute, leadership got cold feet, supposedly because of all
- 2:12Josh: the heat they were taking from Anthropics attack ads, and swapped it out for
- 2:15Josh: a safer commercial about their codex coding tool that we saw in the Super Bowl.
- 2:20Josh: The employee was seemingly, or I guess the employee was seemingly livid.
- 2:25Josh: And in their frustration, they leaked a screenshot of what was supposedly the original ad.
- 2:30Josh: Now, here's where things get interesting, because when people in the
- 2:33Josh: Reddit thread questioned whether this was legit the poster
- 2:36Josh: shared a screenshot which contained metadata and an
- 2:39Josh: ftp link now an ftp link is kind of how you share
- 2:43Josh: files and somebody cracked the password to that link and inside was this polished
- 2:47Josh: minute-long commercial featuring alexander skansgard who for people who don't
- 2:52Josh: know is an actor that just wrapped up a new hbo show and is famous for being
- 2:57Josh: a character in secession so this is a fairly famous actor who's featured in this?
- 3:02Josh: I can't help but ask myself the questions, right? It's like.
- 3:05Josh: Well, it's a famous actor.
- 3:07Josh: It's showing this unbelievably cool looking product.
- 3:10Josh: I mean, we're seeing these beautiful wraparound silver earbuds that are almost
- 3:13Josh: stainless steel. And then we see this metallic orb.
- 3:16Josh: It's kind of like this smooth pebble shaped case, which is what we were all expecting.
- 3:20Josh: And then it ended with the code name that everyone was expecting it.
- 3:24Josh: So that says dime almost time. And it was an unbelievably amazing ad. It looks so real.
- 3:31Josh: Everything about it matched all the rumors that we heard until the OpenAI president,
- 3:35Josh: Greg Brockman, followed up and said, fake news.
- 3:38Josh: Something is off because it's too real it's too good what what was this.
- 3:44Ejaaz: I'm so confused so i think
- 3:47Ejaaz: a few reasons why this went viral is this device
- 3:50Ejaaz: is real maybe not the device that we're looking at in this advert we'll get
- 3:53Ejaaz: into that in a second but we know from several different rumors and leaks that
- 3:58Ejaaz: open ai is working on not just one consumer device but a range of devices maybe
- 4:02Ejaaz: up to five devices actually one of the devices is going to look like this pebble
- 4:06Ejaaz: disc like thing that sits on your desk, similar to what you saw in the ad just now.
- 4:10Ejaaz: And so it's very believable up to the point where the president of OpenAI says,
- 4:16Ejaaz: no, it's actually fake, it's not real.
- 4:18Ejaaz: And so a bunch of people or critics said, yeah, it's not real, it's AI generated.
- 4:22Ejaaz: Now there's two claims here. One, that the video is AI generated and not real.
- 4:27Ejaaz: And two, that they may not be working on that kind of a specific device.
- 4:31Ejaaz: So we tackled one by asking the smartest people that we know,
- 4:35Ejaaz: because Greg's words is his word.
- 4:37Ejaaz: But Claude AI is, you know, a million different Glegs all at once, right?
- 4:43Josh: You uploaded it into Claude and you asked, is this video AI generated?
- 4:46Ejaaz: Yeah, so I uploaded the video to Claude and I asked, is this video AI generated?
- 4:51Ejaaz: Now, for those of you who don't know, AI models have gotten really good at calling
- 4:54Ejaaz: out what has been generated by themselves.
- 4:57Ejaaz: And so it said, let me take a look at this video to analyze it and his conclusion.
- 5:00Ejaaz: This does not appear to be AI generated. It actually looks like a professionally
- 5:04Ejaaz: shot live action teaser ad.
- 5:06Ejaaz: And it goes on to give a few proving points.
- 5:09Ejaaz: Number one being the time codes burned in the bottom left of this video is very
- 5:15Ejaaz: professional and typical of a raw cut.
- 5:17Ejaaz: It says it's consistent, realistic detail.
- 5:19Ejaaz: There's no optical illusions. You know, Alexander Skarsgård doesn't have six fingers.
- 5:24Ejaaz: And to be honest, if this was an AI generated video, this is the best quality
- 5:28Ejaaz: AI video I've ever seen. Josh, what do you think?
- 5:31Josh: Yeah, I spent a long time pixel peeping and trying to figure out how this could
- 5:36Josh: possibly be fake and every single,
- 5:38Josh: frame it looks real and it looks really well done
- 5:41Josh: it's in fact it's exactly what i would expect open ai
- 5:43Josh: to do to release a new product it has the
- 5:46Josh: celebrity actor it has the like beethoven
- 5:50Josh: soundtrack that's very epic it has the dime branding and it shows the guy kind
- 5:55Josh: of like tapping on it as if it's this new foreign ident object it's just like
- 6:00Josh: unbelievably well done but then there's more and there's more to the story where
- 6:04Josh: it gets even more interesting because this wasn't just some random person posting a deepfake for laughs.
- 6:09Josh: There were tech reporters like this guy, Max Weinbach, who revealed that a week
- 6:13Josh: before the Super Bowl, he'd received an email offering him over $1,100 to be exact.
- 6:20Josh: I think it was like $1,146 to promote a tweet about the.
- 6:26Josh: This new product. And the payment was actually real.
- 6:30Josh: Funny enough, if we go through the rest of this conversation,
- 6:32Josh: the guys actually paid him.
- 6:34Josh: He says, you know what's funny? I did send an invoice and they paid me instantly
- 6:37Josh: for it. Hit PayPal within five minutes.
- 6:39Josh: Assume this was real and was waiting on them to send a post to retweet.
- 6:43Josh: And then this guy's signal says, wait, they paid you? And then he replies,
- 6:47Josh: yeah, he sent a screenshot showing that he actually received payment for it.
- 6:51Josh: So there was this entity who was reaching out to influencers to do promotion
- 6:56Josh: for this new hardware product, and they even paid the influencers,
- 7:00Josh: but they never actually released the product.
- 7:04Josh: So there's so many contradicting theories here as to why this went down the way it was.
- 7:10Josh: I mean, generally, if you're creating a scam, it's to harm a brand's reputation
- 7:14Josh: and to cause confusion and generally to earn money, not to actually pay out
- 7:18Josh: money to influencers and then get nothing for it in return.
- 7:20Josh: I mean, this was a payment of what, $1,146 that just went right to this guy on Twitter?
- 7:25Ejaaz: My hot take is this is real, Josh. And what scam do you know of where you actually
- 7:30Ejaaz: receive money by the end of it? Like more money than you had before you started?
- 7:34Ejaaz: The incentives don't make sense here.
- 7:37Ejaaz: If you are paying people to promote your hoax, you have to have something to gain from it.
- 7:44Ejaaz: And let's say this went over really well, right? And they gained even more attention
- 7:49Ejaaz: than they already did. What did the scammer gain?
- 7:52Ejaaz: They, in fact, gave better PR to open air by the end of it.
- 7:55Ejaaz: The second point for me is Alexander Skarsgård, the celebrity featured in this
- 7:59Ejaaz: video, hasn't come out and denied it.
- 8:02Ejaaz: And that kind of reeks of OpenAI NDA disclosures, them telling him to just keep
- 8:08Ejaaz: quiet because his PR team is probably saying, well, we can't deny it because
- 8:11Ejaaz: that would be fake if it is real.
- 8:13Ejaaz: So I think it might be real. And then the third thing is the quality of the video.
- 8:17Ejaaz: It's too good. And it looks too realistic. like him.
- 8:20Ejaaz: Like, listen, there are models out there that are capable of making celebrities
- 8:24Ejaaz: look realistic. Like we've got a new Chinese model that came out this week called Seed Dance.
- 8:28Ejaaz: And you're watching a Chinese teenager absolutely cook LeBron at the net right now.
- 8:34Ejaaz: And it looks very realistic, but there are some things that are a little janky.
- 8:37Ejaaz: It's a little quick. It's a little gritty. It's a little blurry.
- 8:40Ejaaz: Nothing of the fidelity and quality that we saw in this video.
- 8:43Ejaaz: I just I just don't believe it.
- 8:44Josh: Yeah. And it's it's amazing, right, that we can look this deeply at a video
- 8:48Josh: and still not know for sure whether it's AI or not.
- 8:50Josh: It's a testament to how good this is. And the new Chinese Model C dance that
- 8:53Josh: just came out yesterday, it makes it even better. That said,
- 8:57Josh: It does look like it's real. So maybe we'll go through the thought experiment,
- 9:00Josh: assuming that the ad is a real ad. It's a real celebrity.
- 9:03Josh: They're real products. There was a real production budget. It was actually filmed.
- 9:07Josh: Who is it for? What was it for? What are the intentions of it?
- 9:11Josh: That's the part that I'm still hung up on because Greg Brockman and the OpenAI
- 9:15Josh: team claimed that it's fake.
- 9:16Josh: But then what is it? And how is it so elaborately done?
- 9:21Josh: And I'm still kind of torn as to what the intention of this was.
- 9:25Josh: And I want it to be real, right?
- 9:27Josh: It's like it matches all the rumors of OpenAI's new device.
- 9:30Josh: It has the puck, it has the ear pods, but we're not sure.
- 9:33Ejaaz: I think the simple answer is it is real. OpenAI is working on a device like
- 9:38Ejaaz: this, but at the last minute, they had to hold it back because of a more boring
- 9:43Ejaaz: manufacturing obstacle, which is high bandwidth memory.
- 9:47Ejaaz: For those of you who have been tracking this in the AI infrastructure race,
- 9:51Ejaaz: memory has become the most expensive component to build a GPU or anything hardware related.
- 9:57Ejaaz: It's driven the cost of custom computers up by like 5X in the last like two
- 10:02Ejaaz: months, which is just an insane stat and rate of growth.
- 10:05Ejaaz: So if OpenAI had planned to build and release this Puck disk-like device,
- 10:10Ejaaz: which requires memory, obviously, they can't do it at scale because now the
- 10:14Ejaaz: cost of producing that device has gone up like twice.
- 10:18Ejaaz: So it wouldn't make any feasible means for them to release.
- 10:21Ejaaz: So they've kind of held back that advert until prices go down and then they
- 10:25Ejaaz: can like feasibly scale this up
- 10:27Josh: Yes this might be an interesting time to bring up that deal that they
- 10:30Josh: had between open ai and love from which
- 10:33Josh: was six and a half billion dollars to build a suite
- 10:36Josh: of devices and the alleged roadmap currently as it stands is we're expecting
- 10:41Josh: about five devices by the end of 2028 or at least according to a lot of these
- 10:45Josh: reports and interesting enough one of our favorite leakers who was reporting
- 10:49Josh: all this stuff who we actually went to go reference for this video the account is gone.
- 10:54Josh: And that was the source of a lot. There it is. Yeah, the account doesn't exist.
- 10:58Josh: My guy Pikachu, he was publishing all of these leaked Weibo chats from China
- 11:03Josh: about the supply chain and how the tooling was going for these devices.
- 11:07Josh: And it's totally gone. There's a lot of suspect things happening right now.
- 11:10Josh: But the idea and the leak was that there will be about five devices by the end of 2028.
- 11:16Josh: We have Dime, which is the product that allegedly we just saw.
- 11:19Josh: There's Gumdrop, which is the smart pen type thing. then
- 11:22Josh: there's perhaps smart glasses there's perhaps
- 11:25Josh: a home device a smart speaker there there will be some sort
- 11:27Josh: of suite and johnny ivan love from is responsible
- 11:31Josh: for designing and developing it and johnny i
- 11:33Josh: for those that don't know he's the guy that did all the apple products that
- 11:36Josh: you've ever used he has designed them basically so it's
- 11:39Josh: a huge deal and we actually just earned a little bit more information
- 11:43Josh: about it this morning which is open ai
- 11:46Josh: just gave kind of clear timelines for it and ijaz like you mentioned earlier
- 11:49Josh: there's a lot of supply chain issues going on right now and what people were
- 11:52Josh: hoping to be released the middle of this year and those leaks from our guy pokemon
- 11:57Josh: said it would hopefully come sometime this summer well the reality is now it's
- 12:01Josh: pushed back to february of 2027.
- 12:04Josh: Earliest so that means we have an entire year before
- 12:07Josh: this thing releases and that also kind of
- 12:10Josh: feeds into the idea that they wouldn't want to tease a device now that
- 12:13Josh: the reality is they can't actually make it until early next year so i'm still
- 12:17Josh: not totally buying the fake thing totally but yeah there is some truth to the
- 12:23Josh: fact that there won't be any device coming from open ai or any of these suites
- 12:26Josh: of devices until early next year and that we have confirmed by sam altman this morning.
- 12:31Ejaaz: Yeah, I think the intention was for OpenAI to release one or a set of consumer devices this year.
- 12:37Ejaaz: Sam's actually gone on record saying that this year was the planned year to
- 12:40Ejaaz: do it at the end of the year.
- 12:42Ejaaz: But I think they just simply ran into manufacturing issues, which is funny.
- 12:45Ejaaz: The supply chain is tough.
- 12:46Ejaaz: Dude, we discussed this on an earlier episode where we chatted about what the
- 12:51Ejaaz: OpenAI device might look like.
- 12:52Ejaaz: And one of the problems that we raised was the fact that OpenAI AI are good
- 12:57Ejaaz: at creating consumer software for AI, but they have no experience in the hardware game.
- 13:02Ejaaz: And that is a completely different beast that the likes of Apple,
- 13:05Ejaaz: Google, and a bunch of other companies can absolutely nail.
- 13:08Ejaaz: So we're starting to see the effects of that actually come into play here.
- 13:11Ejaaz: And I got to say, I'm not really surprised by this.
- 13:15Ejaaz: The other thing I want to say, okay, let's assume that they're building out
- 13:19Ejaaz: this device or those devices that you mentioned just now, Josh.
- 13:23Ejaaz: A few things need to be true for this device to be successful.
- 13:27Ejaaz: Let's just like assume what they are, right?
- 13:29Ejaaz: Number one, if it's earbuds, we're betting that like voice AI is going to be
- 13:35Ejaaz: Perfect by that point. You get advanced voice mode right now,
- 13:39Ejaaz: but it has a little bit of latency and it runs on the older model.
- 13:43Ejaaz: So when you release a new model from a Frontier AI lab, that's typically not
- 13:46Ejaaz: the model that is in your voice mode.
- 13:48Ejaaz: That's why most of the people just end up just typing or chatting to ChatGPT
- 13:52Ejaaz: or Claude or whatever that might be.
- 13:54Ejaaz: So they need to nail voice mode. The second thing, and this is like the biggest obstacle for me,
- 13:58Ejaaz: which probably moves us into the competition section of this
- 14:01Ejaaz: episode open ai doesn't have a ecosystem yet they have a chatbot and they'll
- 14:06Ejaaz: release these new devices but it needs to connect to one of these an iphone
- 14:11Ejaaz: it needs to connect to your android device and that is where the likes of apple
- 14:15Ejaaz: google or android can extract a lot of value that open ai needs maybe
- 14:20Josh: We don't know that for sure in theory at least the puck is large enough that
- 14:24Josh: it could if it has a battery a cpu and a cellular chip it can run on its own
- 14:28Josh: in theory and just ping the server. So we're not entirely sure.
- 14:31Josh: I think you made an interesting point about the competition and how it's kind
- 14:34Josh: of interesting how much pressure is on OpenAI for their first device to land.
- 14:39Josh: I mean, when you think about the comp, which is Apple devices,
- 14:42Josh: Apple and Steve Jobs, they were uniquely good at setting these expectations
- 14:45Josh: and then actually delivering on them.
- 14:47Josh: And basically nobody else in consumer hardware has ever pulled it off to that
- 14:50Josh: level before, including recent
- 14:52Josh: Apple, who promised Apple intelligence and just was not able to deliver.
- 14:55Josh: So there's a tremendous amount of pressure on getting it right the first time.
- 14:59Josh: And I would expect them to really put a lot of time and effort into making sure
- 15:02Josh: it goes about as good as possible.
- 15:04Josh: You mentioned what needs to happen on OpenAI side to actually make this device work.
- 15:09Josh: Well, the voice model is a huge thing. I think one of the things we can assume
- 15:13Josh: with like fairly high levels of conviction is this will be a voice first device.
- 15:16Josh: You will be able to speak with it. It will be able to speak back with you.
- 15:19Josh: And there were rumors earlier in the year that OpenAI was actually building
- 15:22Josh: up this division to launch better sound voice audio models this year.
- 15:28Josh: And I think that's a further signal that that's kind of the direction they're going to.
- 15:32Josh: Seems like they're certainly under a lot of pressure from competition.
- 15:35Josh: I mean, we have the Meta Ray-Bans, we have Apple that's aggressively trying
- 15:38Josh: to ship their new version of Siri, which is going to be basically what OpenAI
- 15:43Josh: hopes to do, but built into the iPhone, which is already where everyone is.
- 15:47Josh: So it seems like they are certainly in a race. And again, I think that the constraint
- 15:51Josh: is going to be the supply chain and how difficult it is to get memory.
- 15:54Josh: And we're seeing it with companies like Apple who haven't been able to ship
- 15:57Josh: the new MacBooks on time or the new M5 series ships on time because there's
- 16:01Josh: just so much supply constraint.
- 16:02Josh: And that may prove to be pretty difficult for OpenAI.
- 16:05Ejaaz: OpenAI is entering a battle where the odds of them winning it are really low.
- 16:10Ejaaz: I'm not saying they won't make it, but the chances are slim.
- 16:13Josh: They got to hit a home run.
- 16:15Ejaaz: They have to hit a home run. And also Apple has mentioned now explicitly that
- 16:19Ejaaz: they're going to be releasing AirPod Pros or their next generation. It's leaked.
- 16:24Ejaaz: It's going to have cameras and different sensors, very similar to what OpenAI's
- 16:28Ejaaz: earbud device is also going to have.
- 16:29Ejaaz: So you're going one-to-one, head-to-head with Apple.
- 16:33Ejaaz: And Sam has actually explicitly said that OpenAI's future biggest competition
- 16:36Ejaaz: is OpenAI versus Apple, not OpenAI versus all the other Frontier AI labs.
- 16:41Ejaaz: So he's intentionally going against this giant. You mentioned Google.
- 16:44Ejaaz: Google is releasing or supposed to be releasing Google Glass 2.0 this summer.
- 16:49Ejaaz: And Meta Ray-Bans, as much as you and I hate them,
- 16:54Ejaaz: have sold 2 million units so far. And they're actually scaling to 20 million
- 16:57Ejaaz: units by the end of this year.
- 16:59Ejaaz: So OpenAI is entering what is soon to be a very crowded field.
- 17:05Ejaaz: And it's not just like American startups that are working on this,
- 17:08Ejaaz: right? It's also startups, companies.
- 17:10Ejaaz: It's also like Chinese companies that have like kind of like been arguably years ahead of all of this.
- 17:16Ejaaz: We're looking at a picture of Huawei's free clip buds that kind of look very
- 17:21Ejaaz: similar to the concept that OpenAI is supposedly meant to be delivering.
- 17:23Ejaaz: So they're entering a crowded market here Josh I don't really see um how uh
- 17:28Ejaaz: it's a clear distinction that they're gonna win
- 17:31Josh: I was gonna say as we wrap I wanted to showcase this
- 17:34Josh: photo of the earbuds because they look surprisingly similar to
- 17:37Josh: exactly what we saw in that teaser video which it was
- 17:41Josh: just like okay were they actually just using Huawei earbuds was the video real
- 17:45Josh: but was it a hoax and I think that's probably where I'll land as we wrap up
- 17:51Josh: this episode is the video was real the actor was real the device may not have
- 17:57Josh: been i don't know it's so bizarre so yeah tell us i.
- 18:00Ejaaz: Mean you tell us please because like josh and i aren't are rarely kind of uh
- 18:05Ejaaz: unconvinced or like we're really split on things but like we are we're generally
- 18:09Josh: Don't have a good answer i don't know there's too
- 18:12Josh: many contradictory facts for it to be totally fake yeah and
- 18:15Josh: that's the thing that's bothering me is like if it's not an open ai ad then
- 18:18Josh: what is it because it was really well done and the devices are beautiful and
- 18:22Josh: it's very Johnny Ive coded in the essence of what the device would look and
- 18:26Josh: feel like so it's really I'm just left I'm left asking more questions than I
- 18:31Josh: have answers with this one yeah,
- 18:34Josh: leaves me very excited for what the future of these devices will look like.
- 18:37Ejaaz: If you're listening to this, if your name or pseudonym is Pikachu and you deleted
- 18:43Ejaaz: your account a few days ago because you leaked some of this,
- 18:45Ejaaz: please let us know in the comments anonymously, of course, whether this was real or not.
- 18:49Ejaaz: And for the observers and listeners of this, like, take a look at the video.
- 18:52Ejaaz: It's 35 seconds long. It looks incredibly realistic.
- 18:54Ejaaz: Am I just an idiot that has watched this video and has thought,
- 18:57Ejaaz: well, okay, this is, you know, I've just been one-shotted psychosis in AI,
- 19:01Ejaaz: or is it actually real? you tell me.
- 19:05Ejaaz: This has been a fun episode. I know it's been more on the speculative side,
- 19:08Ejaaz: but I think it's super important to try and nail some of these predictions and
- 19:11Ejaaz: take the clues that we are given.
- 19:13Ejaaz: My take is this was genuinely a real video and they had to hold back.
- 19:16Ejaaz: It's no qualms against them.
- 19:18Ejaaz: They're running into manufacturing supply constraints, but I think it's real.
- 19:21Ejaaz: And I think later on this year, we're going to see a bunch of devices being
- 19:25Ejaaz: announced formally from OpenAI.
- 19:27Josh: Well, one way or another, we will get to the bottom of this eventually.
- 19:30Josh: I have my head on the swivel.
- 19:31Josh: We are digging deeper every day and we'll keep you posted as we go.
- 19:34Josh: But I think the prompt at the end of this episode is really just like,
- 19:37Josh: is this real? Do you think this is real? And which parts of it are real?
- 19:40Josh: And what does the device actually look like? And why would they cancel it?
- 19:43Josh: There's a lot of questions. If you have any answers at all, if you want to do
- 19:45Josh: any investigative journaling or send it to a friend who happens to be an investigative
- 19:49Josh: journalist, that would be very much appreciated in our mission to getting to the bottom of this.
- 19:53Josh: But as always, thank you so much for watching this episode. We will have many
- 19:56Josh: more this week perhaps even on these crazy new video models that make it impossible
- 20:00Josh: to tell whether or not these videos are real um but yeah as always thank you
- 20:04Josh: so much for watching and we'll see you guys in the next one see you guys.