Latest / Everyday Ancestral with James Barry / Your Phone Is Rewiring Your Brain: Blue Light, Flicker & EMFs Explained | Tristan Scott
Transcript
- 0:00In a world built on screens, we often forget that our bodies evolved under sun, shade, texture, and time, not LED glow and endless scrolls.
- 0:11My next guest is Tristan Scott.
- 0:13He spent years exploring how blue light, EMFs, and environments shape our biology.
- 0:18And now, he's building a computer designed with our human design in mind.
- 0:23Today on Everyday Ancestral, we're going to dig into how technology should align with our roots, not fight them.
- 0:30Let's get into why what we stare at matters just as much as what we put into our mouths.
- 0:36Tristan, thank you so much for being here.
- 0:39I have to share right off the bat, you enlightened me around something that I had never thought about.
- 0:45So being in the food industry, I've always been kind of aware of, oh, you know, there's
- 0:51many industries within big ag and food that are against our health.
- 0:55You know, they're designed just to sell a product that they're not trying to make us
- 1:01healthy.
- 1:01They're just trying to get our dollars.
- 1:04But I never thought about that around the screen on the iPhone or the tech that we're
- 1:11using.
- 1:12I didn't, I knew tech apps were doing that.
- 1:14But I didn't think about the fact that big tech was using screen, you know, glass and light to basically get us addicted to using the product.
- 1:27I thought the product inherently was just something, oh, here, we're going to design it.
- 1:31You're just going to use it because you need it.
- 1:33But I didn't think they were actually trying to get us addicted to it separate from apps.
- 1:37And you really enlightened me to that.
- 1:39Yeah, it's an unfortunate reality, I would say.
- 1:44It's an inconvenient truth.
- 1:46And whether things have been done nefariously or just an incident of engineering progress over time, to me, it doesn't even matter because at this point, we all know that the devices we are staring at all day, especially the hardware interfaces, are truly optimized to keep us on them as long as possible.
- 2:08And when you look at the business model of these companies, they're running an attention-based economy, really.
- 2:14That's what we're in.
- 2:15So for them, they're incentivized directly, especially through the meta-advertising model now, to just stare at our screens as long as possible.
- 2:24Because then we can be the consumers that they so desire.
- 2:29And it's interesting because everyone thinks about the algorithm, about the software, about the apps.
- 2:36But the analogy we always give is the Las Vegas casino.
- 2:40When you walk into that casino, before you ever sit down at a poker table or a slot machine or the actual game, they have curated this environmental design that is really, really deliberate and almost impossible to not think about in terms of how it's perfectly curated so that you are really in an artificial reality.
- 3:05environment and it's making it really stimulating for your body and then thus very hard to get out
- 3:11of the game.
- 3:12So what I'm talking about is there's no sunlight, there's no natural light, they have
- 3:17no clocks, so you don't know what time it is, you have no like bearings about you.
- 3:22There's bright
- 3:23flashing lights everywhere.
- 3:25I mean, the highest density of like highly saturated lights in a
- 3:30small area.
- 3:31There's alcohol for free.
- 3:32There's like girls walking around with not a lot of clothes.
- 3:36It's like the most dopaminergic environment possible.
- 3:39And then you sit down at the slot
- 3:40machine, which is six inches away from your face.
- 3:44And, you know, you start pulling the slots and
- 3:47playing the game.
- 3:48For us, it's the same as your phone, right?
- 3:50The form factor is so hard to put
- 3:54down so easy to scroll.
- 3:56The light coming off of it is very blue dominant.
- 4:00It's very dopaminergic
- 4:01and stimulating.
- 4:02It's flickering.
- 4:03So it's kind of stressing your biology as well.
- 4:06And it's making
- 4:07you very prone to fall prey to social media, to notifications, to advertisement.
- 4:15And the other
- 4:16thing is similar to Las Vegas.
- 4:18Our phones, our devices, our computers are not really designed
- 4:21to be used outside.
- 4:23So the environment we're used to and ancestrally would be taking as input
- 4:30is removed from our lives.
- 4:32And thus the environmental stimulation is now predominantly
- 4:36coming from a handheld device or a computer, whereas for all of humanity, it was coming from
- 4:45the total environment around us.
- 4:48And that's why when you even take a computer or a phone outside,
- 4:54you're much less likely to engage with it in a kind of unhealthy manner, you could say,
- 5:01or you're much less likely to doom scroll.
- 5:03And it's the same with Vegas.
- 5:04If they put a slot
- 5:05machine in the middle of a national park, you think anyone's going to pull that?
- 5:09No,
- 5:09they're going to want to go look at the beautiful scenery and the mountains and do something that's
- 5:14physically active and kind of fulfilling, but it's only when we're in this dull indoor environment
- 5:20cut off from the natural world that the environmental design of the device kicks in.
- 5:25So it's multifaceted.
- 5:29And what we're trying to do is educate people and also solve that because
- 5:34unfortunately for some people and ancestral speak here is important, right?
- 5:39For your crowd,
- 5:41we're not going to go back to the stone age of having no tech how do we create a relationship
- 5:47and devices that are much more synergistic that's that's the whole premise yeah we're
- 5:51going to definitely dive into that uh you know it's funny your comment about how having the
- 5:56phone or having the tech in in um outside and in nature how we'd be less inclined to do it i was i
- 6:03was thinking to myself unless you're 13 or below because my daughter it doesn't seem to matter like
- 6:09She's just like head down on that phone.
- 6:12It's like it almost has this power over her that extends beyond the outdoors.
- 6:19And I'm not sure exactly why, but maybe you can delve into a bit about how is our biology being challenged by these modern tech?
- 6:28Like what are the kind of symptoms that we're seeing?
- 6:33I mean, besides the obvious one is like eyesight, right?
- 6:36where eyesight is hugely being affected by holding a screen so close to your face.
- 6:42Yeah, what are the downstream effects?
- 6:45And just to, you know, a point for your daughter is
- 6:48children are far more biologically sensitive and they're far more likely to get sucked in
- 6:53because of that.
- 6:54It's really a tragedy and why we've launched Daylight Kids and why, you know,
- 6:59I think iPad kids and kids on screens is actually the biggest problem to solve in society because
- 7:06it's a very dangerous trajectory that we're on.
- 7:09But overall, for anyone, what is tech actually
- 7:13doing to us?
- 7:13Well, for starters, it's really disruptive to our circadian rhythm and our light
- 7:21environment at the very top.
- 7:23That to me is the most upstream thing because as humans, we evolved
- 7:28outside.
- 7:28And what do we have outside or in nature?
- 7:33What are the light patterns that exist?
- 7:35It's extremely bright days and extremely dark nights.
- 7:40That simple.
- 7:42And there's epidemiological research now that basically showcases those who have the darkest nights and the brightest days versus those who have the lowest end of the spectrum in terms of like the dullest days and the brightest nights, the opposite.
- 7:56it.
- 7:57You know, it's like a 50 to 100% change in all-cause mortality risk, like 90,000 participants.
- 8:04There's some cool research out there, but it's really simple, is that we're cyclical creatures,
- 8:10we're based in this 24-hour time span, and the light is really upstream from every biological
- 8:19process, from hormone production, from sleep, from digestion, from nutrient uptake, from cell
- 8:24restoration repair.
- 8:25It's like the day is to go out and do and hunt and gather and, you know,
- 8:31get stimulation so you can survive as humans and be productive.
- 8:35And then the night is for
- 8:36restoration to recover from that action that took place during the day.
- 8:41But now what do we have?
- 8:42Because of technology, we have moved to an indoor based species who spend the vast majority,
- 8:4990 plus percent of our time indoors.
- 8:51And that started with TVs and, you know, factories and
- 8:55schools and offices.
- 8:56But now with devices, it's even further proliferated to a kind of point of
- 9:02no turning back.
- 9:02And for kids now, their childhood is not outdoor play based anymore.
- 9:07It's more
- 9:08screen indoor based.
- 9:10So what that means is we're getting not the amount of light stimulation during
- 9:15the day and that at nighttime we have way too bright of an environment.
- 9:19So our circadian
- 9:20rhythms disrupted, our body clocks are desynchronized.
- 9:24So every cellular process
- 9:27is downstream from timing, right?
- 9:29Imagine you have like any factories making cars, for example,
- 9:33if the timing of that flow of that kind of highly complex system to come together into,
- 9:39you know, a final assembly is disrupted or it's desynchronized, it's not going to be a very strong
- 9:46process, a finely tuned process, and the outputs then are going to be compromised.
- 9:51So it's the same
- 9:52with humans.
- 9:53We have insanely complex biology and trillions of reactions going on and cellular
- 10:00signaling constantly.
- 10:02So if the timing is disrupted, if your body doesn't know where you are,
- 10:06what time it is, what time of year it is, it's not going to adapt properly for you to kind of
- 10:12thrive in that environment.
- 10:14And it's really that simple.
- 10:15So what do we see?
- 10:17We see kind of chronic
- 10:18disease across the board, chronic fatigue, which is not normal.
- 10:23It's very common, but it's not
- 10:24normal.
- 10:25Disrupted sleep, low quality sleep, even though we get like duration of hours,
- 10:31The quality of sleep has probably never been worse.
- 10:35And that's just, that's the battle we're losing every day.
- 10:39So we used to be able to get away with a whole lot more,
- 10:42but now because of this light environment
- 10:45and our circadian desynchronization,
- 10:47we have really a losing battle every single day
- 10:51and we're not as resilient.
- 10:53So I think that that's like top, top most, I would say.
- 10:57Yeah, for sure.
- 10:58You know, I have to wonder too,
- 11:00I think about this whenever I'm out late at night and I say late at night I'm talking like
- 11:068 39 I'm not talking too late but when it should be dark out except it's not because of the the
- 11:13light pollution you know from from the houses or from the city and I I have to wonder what is the
- 11:20toll that's happening on our, our spirituality, even on our existence, when you don't see the
- 11:29stars every night that, you know, we all know when we go camping and you see the stars for what they
- 11:36are, what they're always are, there is a humbling, right?
- 11:40There's this feeling of like, oh my gosh,
- 11:42like I am just one cog in this huge universe, you know, and that, that there's something bigger
- 11:50than me.
- 11:50And there's a beauty that's beyond just the feelings we have every day.
- 11:55You know, it
- 11:56almost, it almost challenges you to think bigger than yourself because you see how glorious the
- 12:04world around us is.
- 12:05And yet we get none of that these days.
- 12:07Like if you live in a city, you get,
- 12:09you live, my kids rarely see the stars for what they are.
- 12:15To me, you know, going down this kind of
- 12:18discussion.
- 12:20I really think the ultimate side effect of technology is it completely disconnects us
- 12:27from reality.
- 12:29Like what is real, what actually matters.
- 12:32And then even further downstream from
- 12:33that is it desensitizes us so that we are actually being dehumanized because we can no longer feel
- 12:42the environmental kind of inputs.
- 12:45And we're, you know, we're, we're zombies because we get all of
- 12:50our stimulation and fulfillment from this artificial world that's in front of us all the
- 12:55time and we can access it all the time.
- 12:57And we no longer experience, yeah, the, the stars in the sky,
- 13:02the vast open views, the mountains, the kind of just natural world that does ground us in,
- 13:11in reality and makes us realize that we are part of something far greater than ourselves.
- 13:17And the difference is so vast.
- 13:19It's, it's, it's really sad to think about that.
- 13:23But to me, that's,
- 13:24that's kind of where we headed.
- 13:26And that's where you see this like WALL-E future unfolding in front
- 13:29of us.
- 13:30And everyone knows it.
- 13:31A lot of people in this space are waking up to it, but it's a real
- 13:35challenge because a lot of us live in cities, a lot of us base, almost all of us have to use
- 13:41technology all day long.
- 13:43And the difference is so stark.
- 13:45Like, you know, I know I was trying to take
- 13:46this podcast outside and now I've come inside just from me doing that.
- 13:51The difference in light
- 13:52intensity from a day where it's kind of like partly cloudy to now I'm inside, I probably went
- 13:59from like 20 to 40,000 lux to in here, maybe it's like 500 to a thousand.
- 14:06So we're talking like 50
- 14:07to a hundred times difference in light intensity on a bright sunny day.
- 14:12It could be like up to a
- 14:13thousand times difference in light intensity.
- 14:16And that's energy, that's stimulus for our body.
- 14:19And it's a signal of where we're at and it's driving our physiology forward.
- 14:25So it's not
- 14:26some like minor shift.
- 14:27Like when you're out and about at night and the light pollution,
- 14:31like a dark night, a full moon, we just had like one of the brightest full moons, right?
- 14:36That's like half a Lux, maybe quarter Lux at most, whereas you have lights on in your house or even
- 14:42like kind of the neighborhood street lights.
- 14:45And imagine in a city, you know, that's maybe tens,
- 14:49tens, 50 Lux.
- 14:50We're talking hundreds of times difference.
- 14:53And that's really disrupting our,
- 14:55our biology and, and confusing us.
- 14:58So it's, it's, it's not understated at all, the drastic
- 15:04difference.
- 15:05And people always like to say, Oh, well, like, you know, my grandpa used to like
- 15:09smoke and drink whiskey every day, but he lived to like 100.
- 15:13And I think the reason why that used
- 15:15to be the case is because people could get away with kind of some environmental toxins, or maybe
- 15:22not super dialed in lifestyle habits because their environment was different.
- 15:29Only in the past
- 15:3020, 30 years have we really changed our environment to be so tech-centric, especially in the last 10
- 15:38years, and so drastically disconnected from reality.
- 15:43And it's hard to really assess like,
- 15:45well, which of the levers or which of these modalities are hurting us or hindering us?
- 15:50because of course we're also aging.
- 15:52And so we, we tend to make excuses and say, Oh, well, well,
- 15:56well, I'm 50 now.
- 15:57And so that's why I'm feeling this way, but it could be to your point.
- 16:00It could
- 16:01be actually, no, it's because I've been, everything else is affecting me twice as much because I'm in
- 16:07an environment that no longer is really conducive towards just wellbeing.
- 16:11Now you, you're an
- 16:14electric engineer.
- 16:15So who basically shifted into health and marketing specifically with
- 16:21at Daylight Computer.
- 16:22So what personal or professional trigger led you to connect
- 16:27tech, health and ancestral design?
- 16:30Yeah, I had one too many concussions in college.
- 16:33I played
- 16:34soccer in college, had a few and then had one that sent me over the edge in December of 2017.
- 16:39and I basically had post-concussive syndrome and symptoms for over a year, like couldn't exercise,
- 16:47headaches every day, super sensitive to noise, light, sound, and got no help from, you know,
- 16:53traditional neurologists.
- 16:54So kind of went down a self-healing rabbit hole like many of us have
- 16:58and uncovered the whole like lifestyle, diet, kind of holistic health movement, you could say.
- 17:06And, you know, I started doing things like blocking blue light, grounding, turning my phone on airplane mode very, very early on.
- 17:13But I got really into the food system as well.
- 17:16Regenerative ag.
- 17:17I wrote a book called Bitcoin and Beef four years ago.
- 17:21So I was really passionate about that.
- 17:23And, you know, that stuff's tremendously important and I love it.
- 17:28And I buy local here.
- 17:29I know all my food suppliers in Wyoming and it's great.
- 17:34But I wanted to kind of keep going.
- 17:36And I realized in the space, again, like what is the next echelon of things that matter?
- 17:42And the light piece and the EMF, the electromagnetic piece, as an electrical engineer, I realized there's a huge gap in people discussing this topic, people educating on this topic.
- 17:55and as I was going through my own journey,
- 17:57I realized that the more time I spent outside on average,
- 18:00the better I felt.
- 18:02But then I was kind of hitting a plateau
- 18:04when I had to get, I was on social media,
- 18:06building a personal brand, talking about these things
- 18:09and I was on my phone.
- 18:11I was on the internet more and more
- 18:13and I kind of started plateauing a bit in my health journey,
- 18:15like some headaches and stuff started coming back
- 18:17and I just like didn't know why,
- 18:19but it's because I couldn't buy
- 18:21a grass-fed regenerative ribeye iPhone.
- 18:24Like that doesn't exist, you know, or a MacBook or anything.
- 18:28And since COVID, we look at these boxes all day long and it's the vast majority of our waking day.
- 18:36And I'm fortunate to work remotely, but it means this is what I do all day.
- 18:42So how do we solve that?
- 18:45And I knew as an engineer that it was solvable.
- 18:48It was, you could change the light spectrum of a product.
- 18:51You could, if you really wanted to lower the EMF mission,
- 18:55you could make it work outside.
- 18:57But I didn't realize that, I didn't ever think that
- 19:01because I'd worked in semiconductor industry
- 19:03and it's basically big companies take all,
- 19:07like they have all the say
- 19:08and it's real high barrier to entry.
- 19:10So when I got connected to Unjin at Daylight,
- 19:14And he's already been working on this for a few years.
- 19:17It was kind of like, oh, this is what I'm meant to do.
- 19:19Like I knew right away that this is so important because really nobody is working on this.
- 19:26And we can be as deliberate as we want.
- 19:29But if we're not changing what we're doing in terms of tech consumption, it doesn't matter how healthy the rest of our lifestyle is.
- 19:38We will still be fighting an uphill battle and probably losing that battle.
- 19:43yeah and it's fascinating so um so i got to see the daylight i guess ipad or or what would you
- 19:51call it the pad yeah it's a tablet but we call it tablet yeah it's a daylight tablet um in person
- 19:59you really described as the first blue light free computer really what is the difference that this
- 20:04daylight tablet is doing that's that's different from the other tech and particularly maybe talk
- 20:11about that flicker because I think that people don't realize that their screen is flickering
- 20:16until you try to film it.
- 20:18When you film your screen, then you see it flickering.
- 20:20But in our
- 20:21day-to-day lives, we don't think about the stress that's causing.
- 20:25And I was really taken when I got
- 20:27to put that tablet in front of me.
- 20:30I immediately felt my eye strain just kind of like relax.
- 20:36that's exactly right yeah so kind of started talking about like what why is modern tech so
- 20:42bad for us well it's not designed to work outside so it keeps us indoors in this artificial
- 20:47environment that's full of other bad lighting higher density vmfs crappier air etc um it
- 20:55disrupts our sleep uh at night because we're looking at these bright blue dominant screens so
- 21:01for the most part, screens are, they have a high proportion of blue light, which is a high energy
- 21:08visible wavelength.
- 21:09And it is the master signaler to our circadian rhythm.
- 21:13So light is the master
- 21:14kind of determinant of our circadian rhythm of our body clocks.
- 21:18Blue light is like the top of
- 21:20the list from there.
- 21:22And that is why blue light in the morning, if you go outside for a walk,
- 21:26which is highly advisable to do every morning, that is what lights up your brain, releases
- 21:31cortisol, which is good in the morning, stimulates you, gives you dopamine from the environment
- 21:38dispersed so that you can go and seize the day and like have energy.
- 21:42That's what blue light is
- 21:43great for.
- 21:44And you're getting it all day long.
- 21:46Like I'm being bathed in blue light when I'm
- 21:48outside.
- 21:49But the sunlight has a balanced spectrum.
- 21:52It's only a small percentage of visible light.
- 21:55And it's actually predominantly infrared light, over 50% from an energy perspective.
- 22:01And infrared red light therapy, people have heard of.
- 22:05The reason why it's therapeutic is because infrared, near infrared especially, is a low
- 22:10energy wavelength.
- 22:12It penetrates our cellular tissue deeply.
- 22:16And it's really beneficial for our mitochondria and redox homeostasis.
- 22:21So it basically cleans up a lot of the high energy wavelengths such as blue light, violet light and ultraviolet lights impact on our cells.
- 22:31And that's a balanced system.
- 22:33It's in harmony.
- 22:34So that is completely missing from artificial lighting.
- 22:40it's no leds really have infrared light fluorescents don't have infrared light they
- 22:45have these very narrow bands and they're always very blue dominant and now that we've shifted to
- 22:53more energy efficiency they're even more blue dominant so our screens that we're looking at
- 22:58all day long are the same the same exact way and then the delivery of that light is another problem
- 23:06So and also, again, the reason why it's very blue based is because that's what's so intriguing and engaging for us.
- 23:14So, you know, the companies are want to make the highest saturation, most stimulating color spectrum.
- 23:23And that's why every model of iPhone now it's like brighter and brighter and brighter and even more saturated.
- 23:29But then the delivery of that light, you mentioned flicker.
- 23:32This is one that people really don't know about because we literally can't see it.
- 23:38It's an invisible way that they control the brightness of screens powered by LEDs.
- 23:46So engineers figured out that you can turn an LED down in brightness if you push less
- 23:55current through it.
- 23:56However, that's very energy efficient and eventually can compromise the color consistency.
- 24:01So what they do instead is instead of lowering the current through the LED, they cycle it
- 24:07on and off.
- 24:08So it's actually the same brightness always, but they turn it on and off at a rate that
- 24:13determines the brightness.
- 24:16So they do that at a rate that you can't visually see, but your brain
- 24:21and your nervous system in your eyes can certainly feel and it depends on the device.
- 24:27But OLED
- 24:28screens, which is your phones, smartphones, any iPhone past the iPhone 11 has a frequency where
- 24:36it's turning on and off to control that brightness, usually 300 to 500 times per second, which is
- 24:43really, really bad because it's just above the visual perception of around like a hundred times
- 24:49per second, but it's low enough to where our nervous system really feels it.
- 24:54So if you get
- 24:55eye strain, you know, that calming feeling you mentioned, if you get headaches, as someone who
- 25:01looked or had too many concussions, when I looked at my iPhone 13, which I only had for like one
- 25:06year, and then I switched back, I would get a headache like after 20, 30 minutes.
- 25:12And I never
- 25:13knew why until I learned about this.
- 25:16And it's really frustrating because it's completely
- 25:18unnecessary.
- 25:19And what we do at daylight is we use direct current.
- 25:23So there is no pulsed on and off
- 25:25light control.
- 25:27Now, MacBooks, like I'm staring at right now, they use a frequency because they're
- 25:31not OLED screens that is really high, like 15,000 times a second.
- 25:37So that is like so fast that we
- 25:40can't even perceive it at a nervous system, brain and eye level, which it's much better than a phone.
- 25:48So those are kind of core reasons.
- 25:50Also in general, EMFs, which I talk about a lot,
- 25:54radio frequencies, magnetic fields, and kind of the output of radiation emission from devices
- 26:03and phones, especially problematic because they're pretty much on our body 24-7, 365.
- 26:07And that's just
- 26:09another stressor.
- 26:10You can debate all the studies till the cows come home, but they pretty much all
- 26:15say, the ones that weren't funded by industry, the telecom industry, that at least this is another
- 26:21biological stressor.
- 26:22And the way I think about it as an engineer is all of this is, especially the
- 26:28radio frequencies and the EMFs, it's kind of just noise.
- 26:33It's all noise.
- 26:35And an engineering term
- 26:37we use is signal to noise ratio.
- 26:40And what you want, you want the right signals.
- 26:43You want sunlight,
- 26:45you want the ribeye, you want the ground, you want the earth's natural magnetic field,
- 26:50you want the dark nights.
- 26:53That's the real signal.
- 26:54That's the real source that drives.
- 26:56The ancestral signal is the one that we, our biology was designed for.
- 27:00Exactly.
- 27:01But now we have so much noise, physical noise, sound noise, vibrational noise, electromagnetic noise that lowers that ratio so much.
- 27:13We have mostly noise now.
- 27:15So what that does is causes cellular confusion, chaos, mitochondrial dysfunction, and biological chaos really is inflammation.
- 27:25So how could we possibly be optimal when we have predominantly noise as input signals and the real pure signal, the ancestral signal you just said, is diluted?
- 27:37And that's to me the biggest issue.
- 27:40So with technology, it's like taking all of those reasons and how do we solve them?
- 27:47So for daylight, we have a paper-like display that's reflective, similar to a Kindle.
- 27:54So you can take it outside.
- 27:56There's no light coming from it at all.
- 27:58It's reflecting like a piece of paper.
- 28:01It means you can use it outside, get sun, get on the ground, and get that brightness.
- 28:07But then at nighttime or low light conditions, it has a custom backlight that is amber in tone
- 28:14so that you can still actually see it
- 28:16unlike red LEDs or red blue light blockers
- 28:19which aren't really full solutions
- 28:23and debatably dangerous.
- 28:25It's more like a candle, a campfire spectrum,
- 28:28but it has 100% no blue light in that amber mode
- 28:31and it has no flicker because we got rid of that.
- 28:34So it really makes the computing screen experience
- 28:40warmer, calmer, less stimulating,
- 28:43less activating to our nervous system.
- 28:45And that's the whole goal.
- 28:46How do we return this to be just
- 28:48a tool that's net neutral, maybe even one day net positive?
- 28:53Because right now, everyone is so
- 28:56over-activated, sympathetic, dominant, fight or flight, nonstop.
- 29:01And because of that, they can't
- 29:03heal, they can't repair, they can't digest properly, they can't sleep properly.
- 29:08All of the
- 29:09functions when your nervous system's super activated, get compromised.
- 29:15And your body's
- 29:16really great at compensating, but eventually there will be a tipping point.
- 29:21And you see a lot of
- 29:22these folks, eventually you have a health problem and then it's like, you can't get better.
- 29:27And it's
- 29:28because of the environment.
- 29:30You bring up so many good points and I have, it's like, I always think
- 29:33of like ADHD and I usually think about it from a food perspective of like, oh, get off the
- 29:38frankenfoods and you can help to eradicate some of that adhd but in many ways what you're talking
- 29:44about this this this tech noise or this kind of light noise that's happening um is probably to
- 29:51your point contributing even more to it uh than we realize i i do want to bring it like let's go
- 29:59into some of the solutions now obviously the the daylight tablet is a great solution but but before
- 30:07we even go there, let's talk about just solutions people can take right away.
- 30:12Just the minute they
- 30:13finish this podcast, they can start incorporating.
- 30:15And one of them that you just brought up,
- 30:18because, because you and I even talked about this, like the daylight tablet is a production
- 30:24device, but it's not something you're going to choose to watch your, your show on, you know,
- 30:29your TV, you know, like when you are looking for entertainment, you're not necessarily going to
- 30:33watch it there because there's no color, you know, and we're very used to that.
- 30:37So if someone were
- 30:38to be purchasing a TV, a color TV, you mentioned the OLED not being a very healthy one.
- 30:46Is there
- 30:47one that's healthier than the current?
- 30:49Like what should people be looking for in terms of
- 30:52that screen, you know, name?
- 30:59Yeah, that's a good, that's a good question.
- 31:00um it depends on the screens i would say to me for everything across the board like your phone
- 31:07is the most problematic device in our lives it's and it's not even close like second through 25th
- 31:13place added up your phone's still worse why because we use it more than anything um it's
- 31:22always on our body so it's zero distance um we hold it like the most one of the most important
- 31:28things to realize about electromagnetic waves, which is blue light, any light, radio frequencies,
- 31:34Wi-Fi, is the distance to the exposure matters tremendously.
- 31:38And when you double the distance
- 31:40from you and the source, it actually quadruples the reduction in the fields.
- 31:43This is called
- 31:43inverse square law.
- 31:45So your phones you're holding far closer to your eyes, to your body,
- 31:49and then you're putting it in your pocket.
- 31:52It's always on you.
- 31:53And the form factor itself is so
- 31:57easy to scroll on, to get sucked in on.
- 32:00And the size, the being smaller, it's really terrible
- 32:03for our eyes and it's reducing our field of vision drastically.
- 32:06You mentioned earlier about
- 32:08eyesight.
- 32:08Yeah.
- 32:09Myopia is actually the most prevalent health issue in the entire world.
- 32:13In East Asia, they have rates of like 90% for kids under 20.
- 32:17It's insane.
- 32:17In the US,
- 32:19it's climbing and screen time is directly correlated in developing children, higher
- 32:25screen time, higher rates of myopia.
- 32:28And this started again with going indoors.
- 32:30But now it's
- 32:31like everything you're looking at is six inches from your face.
- 32:34Of course, you're going to have
- 32:35terrible eyesight.
- 32:36And some people discount how big of a deal this is.
- 32:39Like, well, you just get
- 32:40contacts and glasses.
- 32:42Well, not to be like a doomsday person, but like if this was an ancestral
- 32:47environment or something happens where you can't get your contacts, your glasses break, like you're
- 32:52literally a useless human.
- 32:53Like you can't do anything.
- 32:55Like if you can't see, like, what are
- 32:57you going to do?
- 32:58Like, it's, it's insane.
- 33:00And it's really scary that this has become so normalized,
- 33:03but that's a telltale sign of the environment really being a mismatch to our biology.
- 33:10So one thing I hear you saying then is like, first of all, if you're, you know, specifically around
- 33:15this question around entertainment purposes, like what should we be using is one, don't use your
- 33:19phone to be watching your entertainment on, do it on a bigger screen and be further away.
- 33:26So that's
- 33:26one thing right away.
- 33:28Use your phone as little as you possibly can.
- 33:31I think it's easier now
- 33:32because there's so many apps.
- 33:34I mean, if you have a MacBook and an iPhone, you can pretty much text
- 33:38FaceTime audio, call people.
- 33:40If you use WhatsApp, other signal, you can message people on so many
- 33:44different apps.
- 33:45So for me, I have a MacBook and I have a daylight.
- 33:48And if our daylight had a front
- 33:50facing camera, I would use it for 80% of my day because I mostly take meetings.
- 33:56But I use the
- 33:57MacBook, use the daylight first thing in the morning and last thing at night and for some
- 34:03breaks during the day outside.
- 34:05But for entertainment, yeah, I would.
- 34:07The TVs are really not as bad
- 34:10from, you know, compared to your phone because they're feet away.
- 34:15Typically you can, you know,
- 34:17use them in a community-based setting.
- 34:20So the real problem, especially for kids is like the tablets
- 34:23they're holding right in front of their face.
- 34:25It's an individual device.
- 34:27TVs can be a collective
- 34:29thing for the whole family.
- 34:31And then MacBooks, like, you know, watching a video on your MacBook
- 34:34or your laptop versus your phone,
- 34:36huge difference in terms of the overall screen size.
- 34:40The flicker is not as bad.
- 34:42And yeah, if you want to consume entertainment,
- 34:46you still can do that technical on a daylight.
- 34:48It's just black and white,
- 34:51which kids actually don't really care about.
- 34:53But for normal screens, what I do anytime during the day
- 34:59or at nighttime is shift the color spectrum
- 35:01so you can go into the settings
- 35:03and actually reduce the amount of blue light
- 35:06coming from the screen.
- 35:08And so the night mode that people are familiar with
- 35:11on iPhones, pretty much every device now, they're helpful.
- 35:15They do reduce the amount of blue light exposure,
- 35:18but they do not get rid of all of it.
- 35:20So I almost think like night mode during the day is good
- 35:24because it like brings the blue light down a little,
- 35:26but then to get rid of it even more like after dark
- 35:29or during dark after sunset
- 35:31is you have to go into settings,
- 35:33accessibility, color filters.
- 35:35You can set up like triple click shortcuts on your phone
- 35:38or have it ready on your settings in your laptop.
- 35:42You can wear blue light blockers.
- 35:44I don't really ever wear those at home
- 35:46because I've changed the lighting environment.
- 35:49Like I have an incandescent bulb here to get near infrared
- 35:54and I have a bunch of kind of blue light free LEDs.
- 35:57So it's really designing that kind of environment.
- 36:00But if you're watching something on your MacBook, inherently there is still like imperfections there, but it's way, way better in my opinion.
- 36:11There's so many, you know, there's such a push now towards LED lights for the home, right?
- 36:17They're almost in a sense forcing you to it because it's getting harder and harder to even find incandescent lights, right?
- 36:27Yes.
- 36:27At least I noticed that at Home Depot when I've been there before.
- 36:31Um, do you think that some of these led lights though, that they are selling, you can change
- 36:39the color of the light.
- 36:40So is even that helpful to your point?
- 36:43Like, like at night, if you were to then change those lights to being red instead of the white
- 36:50or blue, do you think that that would even be supportive?
- 36:54Absolutely.
- 36:55Like lighting is a massive topic and there's like good, better, best everywhere.
- 37:01I would say in general, if you can shift at nighttime, during the day, you want it to
- 37:07be as bright as possible.
- 37:09But because you don't have any infrared, if you're sitting inside like glass, most glass
- 37:16filters out infrared light because it's energy efficient.
- 37:19Everything that's energy efficient, as you might guess, is kind of bullshit because what they don't realize is the efficiency or sorry, the energy that is kind of inefficient is actually infrared light, which is extremely important to our biology and compromises, you know, 50 plus percent of sunlight comprises.
- 37:41So the only way to get infrared back is to work outside, have a window open or put it back into your indoor environment with incandescence.
- 37:51So incandescence are basically like a fire in a glass bottle.
- 37:56It's tungsten on fire from electricity that's been contained.
- 38:01And that's why it's brilliant.
- 38:02It's why it's really hot is because of all that infrared light.
- 38:06But that's it's important and it's warm.
- 38:08It's inviting.
- 38:09It's low stimulation.
- 38:10It's low flicker.
- 38:13So incandescents are harder to find, but they're also not perfect during the day
- 38:17because they're like a campfire spectrum as opposed to like full on during the day.
- 38:23But if
- 38:23you combine incandescents with kind of LEDs or with windows, you can get a much better full
- 38:30spectrum solution during the day.
- 38:32At nighttime, you want as dim, as warm as possible.
- 38:38That's the
- 38:38key.
- 38:39So the problem with red LEDs and blue light blocking glasses that are red is we cannot see
- 38:47red light very well at all.
- 38:50That's why when you shift your phone or your MacBook to full red mode,
- 38:55you're like looking at it like I can't even see the words on there.
- 38:59So what do you have to end up
- 39:01doing?
- 39:02You have to end up increasing the brightness and melatonin disruption comes from the intensity
- 39:08of the light and the color spectrum.
- 39:11Blue light disrupts melatonin around three to four times greater than orange, red wavelengths,
- 39:16two times greater than green wavelengths.
- 39:19But if you have a light intensity that's 5x greater, you're kind of washing away all of
- 39:24that gains.
- 39:25So that's why our daylight backlight is amber.
- 39:29That's why a campfire is amber.
- 39:31It's like full spectrum.
- 39:33So you have like a tiny bit of green, more yellow, more orange, more red, more infrared.
- 39:38So yes, I actually have like an amber LED right next to me as well.
- 39:43And that color shift from cold LED to warm is a huge win.
- 39:51If you then can turn the brightness down at night, that's also a win.
- 39:55But my favorite is like super low power, like 2540 watt 2000 Kelvin incandescence or beeswax candles if you know you're super old school.
- 40:07you're really bringing like like like i never really thought about the brightness factor so i
- 40:12you know i always hear about color but not so much the brightness of it and you're making you're
- 40:18really reminding me that when we are in front of a fire for example there's no other light just just
- 40:25the light or the glow from the fire the calmness that comes over my body the the sleep like i
- 40:32Because usually this is at night, obviously, and so it's like I start to get more and more tired.
- 40:38And it's funny, I've been talking about food in that way of like when we choose foods, we want to choose foods that make us feel safe.
- 40:46But you're really highlighting to me that light can make us feel safe as well.
- 40:52And that's precisely what like a nice fire does.
- 40:55You feel safe, you feel warm.
- 40:59It's not too bright.
- 41:00There's nothing shocking to your system about it.
- 41:02It's the right spectrum of light, you know, to a degree.
- 41:05So I really enjoy in this conversation.
- 41:08I want to ask you, though, what does rewilded tech look like to you?
- 41:14Yeah, this is really our mission statement.
- 41:16We call it the third timeline.
- 41:19So the first timeline is ancestral living.
- 41:23It is hunter-gatherer.
- 41:25It is, you know, up until the Industrial Revolution or some time period.
- 41:30What was great about it?
- 41:31We're highly connected to our environment.
- 41:33We basically lived outside.
- 41:34We were kind of in it, in the natural world all the time.
- 41:38What was the downside?
- 41:39Well, people died from the plague and had terrible sanitary conditions and childbirth and all that stuff.
- 41:46And yeah, there is a lot of other conflicts going on in humanity that were quite a challenge.
- 41:51So that's the first timeline.
- 41:53The second timeline is what we're in right now.
- 41:55It's kind of this like industrialized, technocratic relationship with our world that is now turning into an artificial WALL-E future if we don't change things.
- 42:09So what's the benefit of the second timeline?
- 42:11Well, we have technology.
- 42:12So we have the world's knowledge at our fingertips.
- 42:15We can learn, we can do whatever we want, whenever we want.
- 42:20We have access to that.
- 42:22And, you know, there's a lot of innovations, knowledge that kind of have progressed.
- 42:26Everyone's sanitary and baseline taken care of.
- 42:30And, you know, people can debate whether that's a result of, you know, fiat money and all this and corruption.
- 42:36But at the end of the day, people aren't just like dying all the time from, you know, infectious diseases or childbirth.
- 42:44So there's been some good.
- 42:46the bad is, of course, the WALL-E kind of desensitized NPC reality that we're in.
- 42:51So how do we take the good of both of those and then make a third timeline?
- 42:56That's what our
- 42:57mission is all about.
- 42:59How do we make technology, humanity, and nature in harmony, live happily
- 43:04ever after, actually synergistic?
- 43:07And I do think, I think it's 100% possible.
- 43:10I mean, I lived
- 43:12mostly off grid the last three months, hiking, hunting in the mountains and wilderness of
- 43:17Wyoming.
- 43:18And I had Starlink, I had solar panels, I had my daylight and my MacBook, my phone.
- 43:26And, you know, it was awesome because I was out in the middle of nowhere, but I was working.
- 43:33And
- 43:34our kind of premise is if we can keep iterating on technology to be grounded in reality,
- 43:41Like the best innovations are actually taking what exists in nature and just copying it.
- 43:49Like what was the one like B2 bomber, the like stealth mode bomber?
- 43:54They literally just looked at like the wings of a falcon or something and like tried to copy that.
- 43:59Like all the answers already exist in nature.
- 44:03A reflective screen works with nature, not against it.
- 44:07There's a reason why you can't see your laptop outside because it's competing with the sun.
- 44:12Good luck competing with the sun and anything or nature and anything you're going to lose.
- 44:16So how do we work with nature and copy the way it does things?
- 44:21Light.
- 44:22All we need to do is copy the sun.
- 44:24What if we had indoor lighting environment that every hour it's shifting in angle, it's
- 44:29shifting in spectrum and it's just like the sun, but it's in our home.
- 44:34We can do the same with the display on your screens.
- 44:37It's, you know, EMFs are a bit more complicated, but we can make them at least to be more kind of synergistic and only on when they need to be and maybe pointing away from your body.
- 44:49And maybe there's specific frequencies and harmonics that are actually net positive for our biology.
- 44:58There's so much we don't know.
- 45:00But I think at the end of the day, if we make technology first off return to just be like a tool that doesn't overstimulate us, doesn't addict us to it, that's the step we really need.
- 45:13And that's like net neutral.
- 45:14But then how do we even make it like net positive and get infrared light into the spectrum and make the EMF super mitigated and then get people to spend more time outside and create offices and environments that are grounded in nature?
- 45:27Like we don't even think of ourselves as a tech product company.
- 45:33It's really the thing I started with, and that's environmental design.
- 45:37What if everyone in each town started thinking about building a center or an office space that is immersed in nature, that has trees, that has full spectrum sunlight coming through the roof and figures out how to even do that in wintertime when it's cold.
- 45:54All of that's, that's not that challenging to solve.
- 45:57You just need people who want to do that and who will pay for that and invest into that.
- 46:02And that takes awareness and education.
- 46:04So I think we're in the early stages.
- 46:07Anything is solvable.
- 46:08So that's the easy part.
- 46:10The challenging part is execution, right?
- 46:13That's what's fun.
- 46:15well I love I mean I love I love talking to you about this like I and I and I love that
- 46:21you're this is your mission that you're doing it because we need people who like you said who are
- 46:26willing to take this on because it is a challenge uh because you're up against big tech and they
- 46:32you know and you're you're also fighting the fight of like the hardware which is some of the hardest
- 46:38part the apps the software is the easiest part because you just have to make it appealing enough
- 46:42for people to be willing to try.
- 46:44The hardware, that's a whole other issue.
- 46:48And I know you guys are taking it one step at a time,
- 46:51but if we were to fast forward 10 years,
- 46:54how has daylight computers shaped our relationship to tech?
- 46:58Because I know when I saw you,
- 47:00you were suggesting some things
- 47:01that you guys were thinking about
- 47:03and talking about doing in the future
- 47:07that really excited me.
- 47:08One of them being like making it
- 47:11so that your phone automatically went into airplane mode
- 47:14when it wasn't in use
- 47:16and it wasn't something you had to do, right?
- 47:19But where do we see if we were to fast forward 10 years
- 47:22and you guys continued on this path?
- 47:25How do you see our lives changing?
- 47:29Yeah, and that feature is gonna come out like next month.
- 47:32So that's like, that's easy stuff.
- 47:3510 years stuff is like,
- 47:37I wanna reinvent wireless technology.
- 47:39Like, what does that look like?
- 47:40What if we don't have to be assaulted by Wi-Fi omnidirectionally and we can have something really targeted because I'm hardwiring my internet.
- 47:49No one's going to do that.
- 47:50It's way too inconvenient.
- 47:51So how do we solve that?
- 47:53How do we put this kind of intelligence into environmental design, like I said, with the full-on lighting solutions that match your zip code, match your time of day, match the time of year?
- 48:05that cyclicality and bringing that back into our lives,
- 48:10that's the key.
- 48:11It's really gonna be full-on environmental design.
- 48:14So yes, we'll have a phone, we'll have monitors.
- 48:18Who even knows what a phone looks like in 10 years?
- 48:21It might be a little box that you just like
- 48:24carry on your belt and it's an AI assistant.
- 48:27Everything is audible.
- 48:29Guess who has to skip?
- 48:30If we're talking to tech all day,
- 48:33We don't have to stare at the screen as much.
- 48:35We're actually very bullish on AI from that perspective.
- 48:40So how do we basically provide a shielded interface with the digital world?
- 48:49That's our job at Daylight.
- 48:51Because if you get raw internet, social media, AI, you have a really strong chance of being consumed by that or it making you be less of yourself.
- 49:05Because it's so powerful that you can't handle it.
- 49:10You straight up cannot handle it.
- 49:11You get access to AI, all of a sudden you don't know how to think for yourself anymore.
- 49:15You get access to social media.
- 49:17All of a sudden, that's where all your fulfillment comes from.
- 49:19That is a problem.
- 49:21But if we can shield you, filter it for you in this conduit so that you can access it,
- 49:28get the most out of it, use it as a tool, use it to augment your life, but then be able
- 49:32to walk away from it, that's really the goal.
- 49:35So I don't know exactly what that looks like, but we're really excited to kind of provide
- 49:40that ability for people.
- 49:44and then return the environment to be much more centered in nature.
- 49:50And yeah, there's a whole lot.
- 49:52I love it, man.
- 49:52You guys are asking the good questions.
- 49:54And like I said, we need people that are passionate about these topics
- 50:02and have the background and the resources to do it.
- 50:05So I'm super, super just grateful for you that you found this path
- 50:13and that you're choosing it and that you're doing the work to help other people.
- 50:19Because part of the issue for all of us is we all first have to see the problem.
- 50:25We have to recognize it's a problem to then be open to the solution.
- 50:28And I think what you're doing right now is you're showing not only, hey, here's a solution,
- 50:33but you're also educating people on what the problem is.
- 50:35And so I really am grateful for you to that.
- 50:38But we have a new kind of final question that you're going to get to debut.
- 50:43I have asked it to someone in the past, but we enjoyed that process so much that now we're
- 50:49going to make it every episode is going to end with this question.
- 50:52So you get to be the first person to end with this question.
- 50:58So if you could wave a magic wand and bring back one ancestral practice, what would it
- 51:05be?
- 51:08campfire every night sitting under the stars 100 i like that about that and that's like
- 51:17there's i wanted i'm like dying to do that like tonight um because even when i live i live in a
- 51:232 000 person town in wyoming and i feel kind of weird right now because i i did spend the majority
- 51:31of the last three months every night in the wilderness.
- 51:35And when you look upon that sky,
- 51:38when you have a campfire to wind down, when it's like really dark and there's like unknowns out
- 51:45there, there's, you know, where I go, there's predators, there's bears.
- 51:50It makes it all feel
- 51:52very real.
- 51:53You know, your mortality and it grounds you in that, like, you better be doing something
- 51:58meaningful with this time here.
- 52:00So, and that used to be, you know, a lot of those days were spent by
- 52:05myself.
- 52:06I did have a friend with me, but that used to be time for us to come together and share those
- 52:11moments as a community.
- 52:12So I would love to bring that back, like as a regular practice for people,
- 52:17even if it's in your backyard.
- 52:19And how do we get the light pollution down to where we can actually
- 52:24see the sky and enjoy that because that's the wind down routine that we all deserve and we all
- 52:31like should be practicing.
- 52:32But instead it's, it's usually spent staring at a screen, not really
- 52:37connecting with what's real at all.
- 52:39It's, it's one that I miss as well.
- 52:41Um, that's why I brought it
- 52:42up.
- 52:42Like I miss seeing the stars.
- 52:44I don't make enough time to take my kids camping.
- 52:47So I'm not
- 52:48exposing them to it enough.
- 52:51And it's something I want to choose differently moving forward.
- 52:55So
- 52:55thank you for modeling the possibilities of connecting, rewilding ourselves with technology
- 53:04and technology with ourselves.
- 53:06So I really appreciate your time, Tristan.
- 53:08So people have
- 53:09got it.
- 53:10You got to check out this Daylight Computers, everyone.
- 53:14It's going to, I'm not,
- 53:15I'm going to warn you, it's going to be jarring at first.
- 53:17It's going to be like, what?
- 53:18I'm supposed
- 53:19to do my work, you know, with a screen that's not stimulating me the way that I'm used to.
- 53:24But it just like going from drinking, you know, soda pop all the time to then drinking water,
- 53:30there's a transition time and we have to allow for that.
- 53:33But that doesn't mean it's not viable
- 53:35or important.
- 53:36It is.
- 53:37You just got to remember there is going to be a transition time.
- 53:40But how
- 53:40can people learn more, potentially purchase?
- 53:44Like how can people check out daylight computer?
- 53:47Yeah.
- 53:47Yeah.
- 53:48Good point.
- 53:48It's a, it's boring enough by design, but our main website is
- 53:53dailycomputer.com.
- 53:54We also have a kid's website with a kid's curated software that is kids.dailycomputer.com
- 54:00that is really trying to solve like iPad kids.
- 54:03And we are trying to get into schools.
- 54:06So if
- 54:06you're an educator, if you're connected with school district, don't hesitate to reach out to
- 54:10me.
- 54:11My email is just tristan at daylightcomputer.com.
- 54:14And yeah, we're really hungry, we think,
- 54:17for the next generation to get them back into the real world, have real childhoods,
- 54:23and not be so screen-based.
- 54:25But whenever that's needed, of course, they're going to have to learn
- 54:29the digital world.
- 54:30How can they do it in a way that's not so disruptive?
- 54:33So that's our premise.
- 54:35And yeah, that's where you can find us.
- 54:37and as a parent, as a father,
- 54:39I do wanna just share this with everyone before we get off.
- 54:42If you are thinking of getting your kid a first tablet,
- 54:47okay, so this is for parents
- 54:48that haven't even purchased one yet
- 54:50because I know that sometimes after you've purchased one,
- 54:52you feel like, oh, I don't wanna spend another $800,000,
- 54:56whatever it is, but if you have not purchased one
- 54:59and you're thinking of doing it,
- 55:02choose this tablet first.
- 55:04I promise you, I've experienced it and I cannot emphasize this enough.
- 55:08Your child will have a healthier relationship with tech and with their own body if this is their first tablet.
- 55:15So if you're on that, you know, because if this comes out before the holidays and people are thinking about, oh, this is the year I'm going to get my kid that tablet, go over to Daylight Computers and get this one first.
- 55:27I truly, truly believe what you're doing is important.
- 55:31and I have personally felt the difference
- 55:34and I can't wait to potentially
- 55:37get my kids exposed to it
- 55:39so that they can feel the difference
- 55:40because it's feeling the difference
- 55:41that will result in a healthier life,
- 55:46will result in a more connected lifestyle
- 55:49and we just have to be willing to go there.
- 55:52And the easiest entry point is
- 55:54the first tablet you purchase for your child.
- 55:57So please check out Daylight Computers, everyone.
- 55:59Thank you, James.
- 56:00I appreciate that.
- 56:01Thank you everyone for participating and joining us
- 56:04on the Everyday Ancestral episode.
- 56:06Share it, let us know what you think.
- 56:09And most of all, leave a comment
- 56:12so that we better connect with you
- 56:15because we talk about connection,
- 56:17we talk about community,
- 56:19and there's no better way than to experience community
- 56:21with people from afar
- 56:22than getting to see and read their comments.
- 56:25So please share a comment, share a heart,
- 56:29share a thumbs up, anything to let us know that you're enjoying what you are watching or listening
- 56:33to.
- 56:34And we'll see you next time.
- 56:35Stay curious.
- 56:37Thank you so much for joining me on Everyday
- 56:40Ancestral.
- 56:42If you enjoyed this episode, hit subscribe so you don't miss the next one.
- 56:46You can find the show notes, links, and resources mentioned at eatpluck.com.
- 56:51That's E-A-T-P-L-U-C-K
- 56:56dot com.
- 56:57And hey, if you know someone who'd get something out of this,
- 57:01share it with them to stay curious, live well and keep it ancestral.