Latest / Reformed Thinking / Escape at Dawn: Mercy, Judgment, and the Urgency of Obedience (Genesis 19:15–22)
Transcript
- 0:00Welcome back to another session of Reformed Thinking.
- 0:02It's really good to have you with us again as we crack open
- 0:05the sources and see what we can find.
- 0:07It is good to be here. We have a stack of commentaries
- 0:10today, some heavy theological articles, and frankly, a very
- 0:14intense section of scripture to get through.
- 0:16It is intense and you're right, we're looking at a story that I
- 0:19think most people have heard probably since they were kids,
- 0:21but we usually only hear one specific angle of it.
- 0:24We're talking about Sodom and Gomorrah, Genesis 19.
- 0:27We are. But you know, usually when
- 0:29people talk about this is 19, the focus is all on the fire,
- 0:33the sulfur, the judgement, the specific sins of the city.
- 0:38And look, that's all there, of course.
- 0:40But our sources today are pointing us toward a different
- 0:43camera angle. We're not looking at the
- 0:44destruction of the city so much as the rescue of one specific
- 0:47man and his family. We're zooming in on verses 15
- 0:51through 22. This is the story of Lot, and I
- 0:53have to admit, reading through the prep material for this, my
- 0:56view of Lot shifted quite a bit. I always had this picture of him
- 1:00as just the guy who barely made it out.
- 1:03That's a fair assessment. I mean, he is the guy who barely
- 1:06made it out. But the question we want to
- 1:08wrestle with today is how did he make it out?
- 1:11Was it his cleverness? Was it, you know, his speed, or
- 1:15is it something else entirely? Right.
- 1:16And just so everyone knows where we're coming from, we're looking
- 1:19at this through a distinctively Protestant Reformed lens.
- 1:23We're going to be referencing the Westminster Confession a bit
- 1:25later because it gives us some really helpful language for
- 1:28what's happening here. It does.
- 1:30We want to treat this narrative not just as a an action movie
- 1:33script, though it is very dramatic, but as a theological
- 1:36case study. OK, it's a case study in two
- 1:38things that seem to collide head on total human and ability, and
- 1:42on the other hand absolute divine sovereignty.
- 1:44OK, let's set the stage then. We are in Genesis 19.
- 1:48If you remember the previous chapter, Abraham has been
- 1:50interceding, asking God if you would save the city for just 10
- 1:53righteous people. Then we have the scene with the
- 1:56angels arriving in Sodom. The mob, the blindness, it It's
- 2:00a chaotic, horrible night. An absolutely horrific night,
- 2:04but where we pick up the story the night is over.
- 2:07Verse 15 tells us when morning dawned.
- 2:09So the sun is just coming up. The mob is gone, the
- 2:12negotiations are. Finished.
- 2:13The tone of the text seems to just snap.
- 2:16It goes from this weird dark narrative to something very
- 2:19sharp and urgent. The pacing shifts gears
- 2:22completely. It turns into a countdown clock.
- 2:25You know those scenes in movies where the bomb is armed and the
- 2:27red numbers are taking down? That's the atmosphere here.
- 2:31The angels stop being guests and they start being executors of a
- 2:34mission. Vocabulary is all about speed.
- 2:37Arise, take, escape. So the angels turn to Lot and
- 2:40say, Arise, take your wife and your two daughters who are here,
- 2:44lest you be swept away in the punishment of the city.
- 2:47And there's a terrifying logic to that statement, lest you be
- 2:49swept away. It is emergency instruction.
- 2:51It's not advice. It isn't a suggestion that maybe
- 2:54a lot should consider relocating, right?
- 2:56It is life or death. Obedience equals survival.
- 3:00Delay equals death. It seems simple enough.
- 3:02I mean, if I'm in a building and a firefighter runs in and yells
- 3:05the roof is about to collapse, get out now.
- 3:08I like to think I'm running for the door.
- 3:09I'm not finishing my coffee. That's what we all like to
- 3:12think, isn't it? We assume that we're rational
- 3:14actors. We assume that if we saw the
- 3:16danger clearly, we would act correctly.
- 3:18But this is where the story takes a turn that is honestly,
- 3:22it's very frustrating to read. You're talking about verse 16.
- 3:25Verse 16 The angels have just given this command.
- 3:28The smoke has probably already started to smell in the air.
- 3:31And then we get 3 words that describe Lot's response.
- 3:34But he lingered. But he lingered.
- 3:37I stared at that for a while. Why?
- 3:39Why would anyone linger in that situation?
- 3:41That is the $1,000,000 question, and the Hebrew here gives us a
- 3:45little window into what's happening inside Lot.
- 3:48The verb used for lingered is weyet Maha.
- 3:51Oh, weet Maha. OK, I'm not a Hebrew scholar, so
- 3:53help me out. What's special about that word?
- 3:55Well, the morphology, the shape of the word is in what's called
- 3:59the hip pale stem. Usually that indicates A
- 4:01reflexive action. It means the subject is doing
- 4:04the action to themselves. So it's not just that he was
- 4:06slow, it's that he was making himself slow.
- 4:09Precisely. He wasn't just delayed because
- 4:11he couldn't find his sandals or he was packing a heavy bag.
- 4:14He was acting upon himself to delay.
- 4:18He was engaged in a kind of averio of internal sabotage.
- 4:22That is bizarre. It sounds like he's fighting
- 4:24himself. One part of him knows he needs
- 4:26to go, and another part of him is just planting his feet in the
- 4:29ground. It's a picture of spiritual
- 4:31paralysis, and this is a perfect illustration of what we mean in
- 4:34Reformed theology when we talk about cold depravity or
- 4:38corruption. Even a believer, and the New
- 4:41Testament does call a lot a righteous man.
- 4:43It does. Even a believer can be so
- 4:45entangled with the world that they become irrational.
- 4:48They can't act in their own best interest.
- 4:49But isn't that a contradiction? If he's a believer, if he knows
- 4:52God, shouldn't he trust the warning?
- 4:55You would think so, but think about what Lot is leaving
- 4:58behind. We know from earlier in Genesis
- 5:00that Lot moved his tent as far as Sodom, then later he moved
- 5:04into the city. Then we see him sitting at the
- 5:06gate, which implies he had a position of authority or status.
- 5:09He was a big shot. He was somebody.
- 5:12He has wealth there, he has a home, he has family members.
- 5:15Remember, his sons in law laughed at him when he tried to
- 5:18warn them They're still in the city.
- 5:20So walking out that door means walking away from his entire
- 5:23identity, his status, his money, maybe even parts of his family.
- 5:27Exactly. It is cognitive dissonance.
- 5:30He believes the report of judgement is true, but his heart
- 5:32is tethered to the city. He's emotionally unable to
- 5:36detach. It sort of refutes that idea of
- 5:38optimism bias we often. Have.
- 5:40What's that? The idea that it won't happen to
- 5:42me or I have more time. Lot knows it is happening right
- 5:45now and he still can't move. It's like the person who stays
- 5:49in the path of a hurricane despite the mandatory evacuation
- 5:51order. They know the storm is coming,
- 5:54but the idea of leaving the house is just too much to
- 5:56process. That's a great analogy.
- 5:58He is frozen. And here is the scary part.
- 6:01If the story depended on lots free will right at this moment,
- 6:04what happens? If it's up to him, he stays and
- 6:07he burns. He burns if God simply offered
- 6:10the open door and said the choice is yours.
- 6:13Lot dies in Sodom. His will is broken.
- 6:16He cannot choose the good. So he's stuck, he's lingering,
- 6:19the clock is ticking. This is where you expect the
- 6:22judgement to just fall and and that's the end of lot.
- 6:25But that's not what happens. No, and this brings us to the
- 6:29most significant theological pivot in the text.
- 6:32Verse 16 continues, The men seized him and his wife and his
- 6:36two daughters by the hand, the Lord being merciful to him, and
- 6:39they brought him out and set him outside the city.
- 6:42The men seized him. That is strong language.
- 6:44It's very strong. The Hebrew word is weyachaziku.
- 6:48It comes from a root that means to grasp fast, to overpower, or
- 6:52to take hold forcibly. It's in a stem that implies
- 6:55intensity. So they didn't gently guide him
- 6:57by the elbow. This wasn't a suggestion.
- 6:59Not at all. This isn't a polite usher at a
- 7:01wedding, this is a bouncer throwing someone out of a club.
- 7:04Or, to go back to your firefighter analogy, this is the
- 7:07firefighter physically picking up the person and dragging them
- 7:10to the window. It sounds aggressive.
- 7:12It is aggressive, it's a violent mercy, and I think that makes us
- 7:15uncomfortable sometimes. We like to think of grace as a
- 7:17gentle invitation. We like the picture of Jesus
- 7:19knocking at the door. Right.
- 7:21The gentleman God who waits for us to open.
- 7:24But here, God isn't knocking. He's kicking the door down and
- 7:27dragging Lot out and we have to ask why.
- 7:31While the text says it plainly, the Lord being merciful to him.
- 7:35That's the key. The aggression is the mercy.
- 7:37If God wasn't violent in this moment, Lot would be dead.
- 7:41This is where we get into that heavy theological concept called
- 7:44monarchism. OK, let's pause there.
- 7:46That's a term we hear in some in our rooms, but break it down for
- 7:49us. What does monarchism actually
- 7:51mean in plain English? Sure, it comes from 2 Greek
- 7:55words, mono meaning 1 and ergon meaning work.
- 7:59So one working. It's the doctrine that in the
- 8:02initiation or salvation, in the rescuing of the soul, God is the
- 8:06only active agent. We are the object of the rescue,
- 8:09not the partner. So it's not a handshake deal.
- 8:11It's not God doing his 50% and me doing my 50%.
- 8:14Since this 19 says absolutely not.
- 8:16Lot contributed nothing to his removal from the city.
- 8:18In fact, he contributed resistance.
- 8:21He lingered. God provided 100% of the
- 8:24movement. That really flies in the face of
- 8:26how a lot of people view Christianity Today.
- 8:28You hear a lot of God votes for you, Satan votes against you,
- 8:32and you cast the deciding vote. That is what we call synergism
- 8:36or working together, and it sounds nice because it dignifies
- 8:39our free will. But the Reformed view, the view
- 8:42we see in the Westminster Confession, is that if God
- 8:45waited for our vote, we would never cast it for him.
- 8:48Because our wanter is broken. Like lot, we want to linger.
- 8:52Exactly. The Westminster Confession
- 8:55chapter 10 puts it this way. It says God is taking away their
- 8:58heart of stone, and giving unto them a heart of flesh, says he
- 9:02is determining them to that which is good.
- 9:04Determining them? That sounds like he's overriding
- 9:07their will. Well, think about Lot.
- 9:09Was he dragged out against his will?
- 9:10Yes and no. In his paralyzed state, yes.
- 9:13But the goal was to save his life.
- 9:15It's like a doctor resetting a bone.
- 9:17It hurts, it feels like violence against the body, but it is the
- 9:20only way to heal. God overcomes our resistance
- 9:23because He loves us too much to let us linger in the fire.
- 9:27That's actually a really a comforting thought because I
- 9:30know my own heart. I know how often I hesitate if
- 9:33it's all up to me to make the smart choice every time I'm in
- 9:36trouble. We all are.
- 9:37That's what we call it, the sovereign grip.
- 9:40It's the grip of God on us, not our grip on him, Jesus says in
- 9:43John 10. No one will snatch them out of
- 9:45my hand. That includes snatching
- 9:48ourselves out of his hand because of our own stupidity.
- 9:51So the angels of physically manhandled Lot and his family
- 9:54out of the city. They're standing outside the
- 9:56gates, the doors shut on Sodom. You would think, OK great, they
- 10:00are safe, but the conversation isn't over.
- 10:02No, the dynamic changes instantly.
- 10:05We go from being carried to being commanded once they're
- 10:08outside, the Angel says in verse 17, Escape for your life.
- 10:11Do not look back or stop anywhere in the valley.
- 10:14Escape to the hills, lest you be swept away.
- 10:16OK, there are three specific commands there.
- 10:19Run for your life, don't look back and get to the hills.
- 10:20Let's tackle that don't look back part.
- 10:22Why is that such a big deal? Is God just being strict about
- 10:25curiosity? It's definitely not just
- 10:27curiosity in the ancient world, and honestly in our world too,
- 10:31the direction of your gaze indicates the direction of your
- 10:34heart. O looking back is a sign of what
- 10:37regret? It's nostalgia and it's
- 10:40allegiance. To look back at Sodom is to say
- 10:44I'm physically leaving, but I'm emotionally staying.
- 10:47It's mourning the loss of the wicked city.
- 10:49That's a heavy concept. You're being saved from
- 10:51judgement, but you miss the thing being judged.
- 10:54We see this with Israel in the wilderness, right?
- 10:56They're saved from slavery in Egypt.
- 10:57But what do they say? We remember the fish and the
- 10:59cucumbers and the garlic. They romanticize their
- 11:02captivity. Lot is being told sever the tie
- 11:05do not long for what is burning. And we know, sadly, that well
- 11:10not everyone in the group listens to this command.
- 11:12Right Lot's wife Jesus brings her up in Luke 17 as the
- 11:15ultimate warning. She is the example of someone
- 11:17who was physically out of Sodom, but spiritually still in it.
- 11:21She looked back. She became a pillar of salt.
- 11:23It's a. Horror movie moment, but it
- 11:25drives the point home. You can't have it both ways.
- 11:28It calls for what I would term separation without nostalgia.
- 11:31You have to be done with it. You can't keep a little shrine
- 11:34to your old life and your heart. OK, then there's the command
- 11:37about geography. Do not stop in the valley.
- 11:40Escape to the hills. Why the hills?
- 11:44Why not just get a safe distance away in the valley?
- 11:47The valley represents the danger zone.
- 11:49It's too close. It represents partial obedience.
- 11:53It's like the alcoholic who says I'll stop drinking, but I'm
- 11:55still going to sit in the bar and drink soda.
- 11:58You're hanging out in the place of temptation and in this case,
- 12:01judgment. And the hills.
- 12:02The hills are hard. They're the wilderness.
- 12:04It's rough terrain. It's uncomfortable, but it is.
- 12:07The place got appointed. The text is telling us that
- 12:09safety isn't found in comfort, it's found in total obedience,
- 12:13even if that means going to a hard place.
- 12:14So the command is clear. Go to the hills.
- 12:17Total separation, hard work, safety and Lot.
- 12:20Well, Lot argues. This is, for me, one of the most
- 12:23frustrating exchanges in the Bible.
- 12:25Lot looks at the angels who just dragged him to safety and says,
- 12:28Oh no, my Lord. He actually says no.
- 12:30He does. He starts bargaining.
- 12:31He says I cannot escape to the hills lest the disaster overtake
- 12:35me and I die. Wait a minute, he thinks, the
- 12:38disaster which God controls is going to catch him in the hills
- 12:42which God commanded him to go to.
- 12:44It's a rational fear. It's a functional atheism.
- 12:47He's essentially saying, God, you're strong enough to Get Me
- 12:50Out of the city, but you aren't strong enough to keep me safe in
- 12:52the mountains. He doesn't trust God's
- 12:55provision. But I want to play devil's
- 12:56advocate for a second here. Can we really blame him?
- 13:00He's an older man. He's got two daughters with him.
- 13:03The mountains are wild. There could be lions exposure,
- 13:06who knows what he wants a roof over his head.
- 13:09Isn't he just being practical? That is exactly how we justify
- 13:12it, isn't it? We call it practical, we call it
- 13:14prudent. But look at what he proposes.
- 13:17He points to a small city nearby and says, behold, this city is
- 13:20near enough to flee to, and it is a little one.
- 13:23He really emphasizes the size. It is a little one, the Hebrew.
- 13:27Word is Mitsar. It basically means insignificant
- 13:30or small. He asks.
- 13:32Is it not a little one? He's bargaining.
- 13:34Lord, I can't do the big obedience.
- 13:36Let me do this little partial obedience.
- 13:38It's just a small city. It's just a small compromise.
- 13:41Exactly. This is the psychology of what
- 13:43we might call Zoar spirituality. It's the desire to find a refuge
- 13:48that is culturally adjacent to Sodom.
- 13:51It's still a city, it still has walls, it still has comforts,
- 13:54but is technically safe from the fire.
- 13:56It's the Christian ish life, you know?
- 14:00I want to be saved, but I don't want to be weird.
- 14:02I don't want to be out in the wilderness with the religious
- 14:05fanatics in the hills. I want a nice, respectable,
- 14:08worldly life that just happens to not go to hell.
- 14:11That hits hard. We want the minimum standard of
- 14:13obedience that relieves our guilt but preserves our comfort.
- 14:16We want to negotiate terms with God.
- 14:18I'll give you my Sundays, but don't touch my finances or I'll
- 14:22stop doing X. But I'm going to keep watching Y
- 14:25is it not a little one? And usually when we try to
- 14:27bargain with God like that, we expect God to just smash us.
- 14:30We expect the Angel to say silence, fool to the hills.
- 14:33But he doesn't. And this is the twist in verse
- 14:3521. God says, I grant you this favor
- 14:37also, that I will not overthrow the city of which you have
- 14:40spoken. He says yes.
- 14:41He says yes. Does that mean Lot was right?
- 14:43Does that mean God changed his mind and realized, oh, actually
- 14:46the hills were a bad idea? Good call Lot.
- 14:49Absolutely not. We have to distinguish here
- 14:51between divine accommodation and divine endorsement.
- 14:54Unpacked that difference for me. Endorsement would mean God says
- 14:58that's a good plan, let's do that.
- 15:00Accommodation is God saying you are weak, your faith is tiny,
- 15:04you're terrified. So I will stoop down to your
- 15:06level and give you a place you can handle, even though it isn't
- 15:10the best place. It's like a parent letting a
- 15:12child sleep with a night light because they're scared of the
- 15:15dark. The parent knows there are no
- 15:17monsters, but they grant the request out of kindness.
- 15:20Yes, it's God being patient with a bruised Reed, to use Isaiah's
- 15:24language. But notice Lot's plan turns out
- 15:27to be terrible if you read the rest of the chapter.
- 15:29Lot eventually gets scared of Zor too.
- 15:32He leaves OR and goes to live in a cave in the hills anyway.
- 15:34So he ends up in the hills regardless, but in a much worse
- 15:38situation, a cave instead of God's appointed place.
- 15:42And that's where the terrible sin with his daughters happens.
- 15:45Zor was a trap. His wisdom was foolishness, but
- 15:49God in His mercy allowed him to go there to save him from
- 15:53immediate death. There's one more phrase in this
- 15:56text that we have to look at. It's in verse 22.
- 15:58The Angel says hurry, escape there for I can do nothing till
- 16:02you arrive there. I can do nothing.
- 16:03That stops you cold. This is God or or God's agent
- 16:06speaking. God can do anything.
- 16:08What does he mean I can do nothing?
- 16:10Is he powerless? He isn't powerless.
- 16:12He's bound, but he's bound by his own promise.
- 16:16This is what we call covenantal restraint.
- 16:18God had promised Abraham, and by extension Lot, that he would not
- 16:22destroy the righteous with the wicked.
- 16:24So as long as Lot is in the danger zone, the fire cannot
- 16:27fall. So the judgement is literally
- 16:29held back by the presence of this one lingering, complaining,
- 16:32compromising believer it is. The sequence is fixed.
- 16:35Mercy first, then wrath. The rescue must be complete
- 16:39before the judgment can begin. Our sources made a really
- 16:41interesting connection here to the New Testament, specifically
- 16:44to Thessalonians. Yes, Paul talks about the man of
- 16:47lawlessness and the coming judgment, but he mentions A
- 16:50restrainer something or someone that is holding back the full
- 16:54force of evil until the proper time.
- 16:55And a lot of theologians link that to the presence of the
- 16:59Church and the Holy Spirit in the world.
- 17:00Right. It's the idea that the days of
- 17:02Lot are a blueprint for the end times.
- 17:05Just as Lot had to be removed before Sodom could be
- 17:08incinerated, the church, the body of believers, acts as a dam
- 17:12holding back the final flood of judgement.
- 17:14So the fact that the world hasn't ended yet, the fact that
- 17:17we woke up this morning and the sun rose is actually evidence of
- 17:20God's patience. He's waiting for the rescue to
- 17:22be complete. The delay is mercy.
- 17:24But notice the text says hurry. The delay isn't infinite.
- 17:28Once Lot enters Zohar, the moment that door shuts, the sun
- 17:32rises and the fire falls. It's instantaneous.
- 17:35It really changes how you look at the news, doesn't it?
- 17:38You see all this chaos in the world and you wonder, why
- 17:39doesn't God stop it? But the answer from this text is
- 17:42he is gathering his people. He's grabbing hands.
- 17:45And he's saying I can do nothing to judge the world until you are
- 17:51safe. That is how much he values his
- 17:54covenant people. So we've covered a lot of ground
- 17:56here. We've talked about the paralysis
- 17:59of the will, the violence of the rescue, the danger of nostalgia,
- 18:02the compromise of Zarar, and the restraint of God.
- 18:06Let's try to bring this home for the listener.
- 18:08If I'm listening to this and I maybe see a little bit a lot in
- 18:11myself, maybe more than a little bit, what do I do with this?
- 18:15I think we can break the application down into three
- 18:17parts, head, heart and hands. Let's start with the head.
- 18:20What do we need to know? You need to settle the issue of
- 18:23how you are saved. You need to understand that
- 18:25salvation is monarchistic. If you're a Christian today, it
- 18:29is not because you were smarter than the people in Sodom.
- 18:31It's not because you ran faster. It's because God seized you.
- 18:35That kills. Pride doesn't.
- 18:36It it destroys pride completely. You can't boast about being
- 18:39dragged out of a burning building.
- 18:41You can only boast in the firemen.
- 18:42OK, what about the You need to interrogate the lingering.
- 18:46We all have a Sodom. We all have things in this world
- 18:48that we know we're destined for judgement.
- 18:50But we love them. We derive status from them.
- 18:53We find comfort in them. You need to ask yourself, why am
- 18:56I hesitating? What am I looking back at?
- 18:58That's the nostalgia piece breaking that emotional tie.
- 19:01Right. And finally, the hands.
- 19:03Or maybe the feet. Stop bargaining for Zohar.
- 19:06That's the hard one. It is.
- 19:07Stop trying to negotiate a version of Christianity that
- 19:10fits your comfort zone. Stop saying, is it not a little
- 19:12sin? God calls us to the mountains,
- 19:16to a life of distinct holy separation.
- 19:18It might be scary. It might be lonely, but it is
- 19:22the place of safety. It's a call to trust, to trust
- 19:25that the Hells are better than the city simply because God is
- 19:28there. Exactly.
- 19:29And the beautiful thing is, even when we fail at that, even when
- 19:32we run to Zohar like Lot did, God is still merciful.
- 19:35He is still patient. That is the take away for me.
- 19:37Lot is a mess. I mean, by the end of the story
- 19:39he is a disaster, but he is a saved disaster.
- 19:42He is the hero of the story, isn't Lot The hero is the Lord
- 19:46who remembers mercy. The Lord grabs the hand.
- 19:48I love that image, the sovereign grip.
- 19:51It's not about how tight I hold on to God, it's about how tight
- 19:53He holds on to me. And his grip?
- 19:55Never. Slips.
- 19:57Well, I think that is a good place to put a pin in it for
- 20:00today. There is so much more we could
- 20:02say, but I hope this gives you a new lens to read Genesis 19.
- 20:06It's not just a disaster movie, it's a story about a God who
- 20:10refuses to let his people go. Amen to that.
- 20:12Thank you for listening to Reformed Thinking.
- 20:14We'll catch you on the next deep dive.
- 20:16Until next time.