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Seven Wonders of the Ancient World - Mausoleum at Halicarnassus · Ridiculous History

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  Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of iHeartRadio. Welcome back to
• 0:27
  Speaker 1: the show, fellow Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as always so
• 0:31
  Speaker 1: much for tuning in. We are recording this on Thursday,
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  Speaker 1: April seventeenth, and we are pleased as punch to return
• 0:41
  Speaker 1: to our continuing series on Wonders of the Ancient World.
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  Speaker 1: That's our super producer, mister Max Williams. It's him, yeah,
• 0:50
  Speaker 1: also doing double duty as our research associate for this one.
• 0:53
  Speaker 1: You're Noel Brown's bowling. That is what they call me,
• 0:57
  Speaker 1: yes outside of Vegas. Oh my gosh, dude, I was
• 1:01
  Speaker 1: re listening to part two of our Paul is Dead
• 1:06
  Speaker 1: conversation at the very end of that episode. Everybody, re
• 1:10
  Speaker 1: listen back astute Ridiculous Historians. You will hear Nol and
• 1:15
  Speaker 1: I refer to the fact that I do have a
• 1:19
  Speaker 1: different persona in Vegas, which I feel like we need
• 1:23
  Speaker 1: to clarify that I stumbled into it. As you recall, Nol,
• 1:27
  Speaker 1: that's how you walk in Vegas. It's the only way
• 1:29
  Speaker 1: to be. And we wish, wish the identity of Greg
• 1:35
  Speaker 1: Prime the best. We're not here to talk about Vegas,
• 1:39
  Speaker 1: which is maybe a wonder of the modern world.
• 1:41
  Speaker 2: You're not allowed to talk about Vegas.
• 1:43
  Speaker 3: What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas, not to be
• 1:46
  Speaker 3: broadcast or podcasts.
• 1:48
  Speaker 1: That was one of their big That was one of
• 1:51
  Speaker 1: their like creepiest tourism mottos right for a while.
• 1:56
  Speaker 3: Yeah, it implies like, you know, go ahead do crimes.
• 2:00
  Speaker 3: It's cool, we won't tell.
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  Speaker 1: So if you get exactly just so, if you go
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  Speaker 1: to Las Vegas today, you will see multiple sort of
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  Speaker 1: homages too, great wonders.
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  Speaker 2: The ancient world, like the what is it?
• 2:16
  Speaker 3: The there's the luxe, the luxere is what it's called.
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  Speaker 2: It looks like a paramid.
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  Speaker 3: There's a old tower. Sure, there's a whole Paris hotel
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  Speaker 3: that's actually pretty cool. Walking through some of those hotels
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  Speaker 3: is worth your time. It's almost like a Disney five
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  Speaker 3: kind of experience. You know, there's a lot of attention
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  Speaker 3: to detail. You got to appreciate it at least.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, yeah, And you don't have to be suckered
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  Speaker 1: in by the circus of Vegas, but.
• 2:42
  Speaker 2: You do have a circus of Vegas.
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  Speaker 1: So there we go. But you do have to recognize
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  Speaker 1: there is a reason that this this thoroughly American metropolis
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  Speaker 1: puts so much time into building wonders, constructing the cons
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  Speaker 1: the wonder It is loosely, I would say, inspired by
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  Speaker 1: the very real subject of our exploration today, the Seven
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  Speaker 1: Wonders of the Ancient World. Now, previously we did I
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  Speaker 1: think a very fair, very level headed exploration of one
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  Speaker 1: of the most controversial wonders of the world, the hanging
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  Speaker 1: gardens of quote unquote Babylon.
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  Speaker 3: Yes right, you know your mileage may vary as to
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  Speaker 3: where they actually were hanging.
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  Speaker 2: Yeah.
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  Speaker 1: And now we're returning to this series, and we're going
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  Speaker 1: to go a little meta with it in future episodes.
• 3:40
  Speaker 1: But we're we're returning we as as longtime ridiculous historians
• 3:45
  Speaker 1: may know, we're very close to our cartoonish goal of
• 3:50
  Speaker 1: doing one episode per every state in these United States.
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  Speaker 1: We're picking up more continuing series. This is the second
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  Speaker 1: piece of our series on the Wonders of the Ancient
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  Speaker 1: World's looking through the research and learning from these ancient
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  Speaker 1: primary sources. The one thing it reminds me of is
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  Speaker 1: the concept of amazing architecture in graveyards. What's the weirdest,
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  Speaker 1: most amazing graveyard you have visited?
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  Speaker 3: I just roamed through one recently when I was in Philadelphia,
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  Speaker 3: I had a day off and I just took a
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  Speaker 3: wander around kind of the city center area, which is
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  Speaker 3: where a lot of the historical sites are, and just
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  Speaker 3: happened upon the graveyard where Benjamin Franklin is entombed.
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  Speaker 2: Paid the five bucks to.
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  Speaker 1: Get him.
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  Speaker 3: Five dollars five five bones to check out the bones,
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  Speaker 3: and then you did get a little commemorative map. And
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  Speaker 3: I recently got a fun little mirrorless DSLR camera, so
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  Speaker 3: I took some graveyard picks and ada blasts. Oh, i'll
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  Speaker 3: send them to you soon. I'm gonna actually do a
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  Speaker 3: photo set. I haven't filled up my cards yet, but
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  Speaker 3: it's pretty sick by the way. It's like it shoots
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  Speaker 3: in really really high reds, so you can take a
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  Speaker 3: picture of like a whole vista and then in post
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  Speaker 3: zoom into like the eye of a pigeon somewhere in
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  Speaker 3: the background.
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  Speaker 2: It's a lot of fun.
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  Speaker 3: I also wandered through the Philly Chinatown, which is worth
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  Speaker 3: everyone's time. But yeah, but Benny Franks is buried in
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  Speaker 3: this graveyard and I can't recall the name. And there's
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  Speaker 3: some other you know, United States governmental luminaries entombed there
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  Speaker 3: as well. But there were definitely some pretty ostentatious mausoleums
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  Speaker 3: as we also have here in Atlanta at the what's
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  Speaker 3: that cool cemetery.
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  Speaker 1: Callge Well, there's Oakland.
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  Speaker 2: That's the one.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, there's Oakland. There are a couple of others that
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  Speaker 1: I like, but I feel as though if I go
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  Speaker 1: too deep into this, I will sound creepy. I love
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  Speaker 1: I love a New Orleans graveyard. I love all right.
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  Speaker 1: You know, I used to live in Central America and
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  Speaker 1: they have a lot of uh similar things. There's actually
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  Speaker 1: if anybody wants to go on a rabbit hole, do
• 6:18
  Speaker 1: check out in in Latin America. Do check out the
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  Speaker 1: various ostentatious burial places for former cartel members. They're as
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  Speaker 1: big as condos. In some cases they're as big as houses.
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  Speaker 1: The architecture is amazing, and there's there's a peaceful thing
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  Speaker 1: uh to Maslimbs. But as as we are going to
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  Speaker 1: learn in this episode on an Ancient Wonder of the World,
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  Speaker 1: the word Maslim comes from a very specific branch of etymology.
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  Speaker 1: It all goes back to one of the wonders that
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  Speaker 1: people have a hard time naming at Trivia when they're
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  Speaker 1: playing turkey with their friends. It's the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.
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  Speaker 3: Yeah, and every time I hear it or read it,
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  Speaker 3: I want to say, that is Hella Carnassas.
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  Speaker 1: I like that. I think it's good. I think you
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  Speaker 1: should keep that one.
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  Speaker 2: Well, it's just part of who I am.
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  Speaker 1: But let's go to ad non Kidlawie writing for art Nets.
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  Speaker 1: He's got a great quotation that sets us up for this.
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  Speaker 2: That's right.
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  Speaker 3: He says, among the seven wonders of the ancient world,
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  Speaker 3: the Mausoleum at Halacarnasas stood as a testament to both
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  Speaker 3: architectural ambition and one king's eternal vanity.
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  Speaker 2: What kings with egoity?
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  Speaker 1: Crazy?
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  Speaker 3: They probably think this song is about them and this podcast,
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  Speaker 3: and it kind of is built in what is now
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  Speaker 3: Bodrum Turkey or Bodrum Turkey. This monumental tomb rose approximately
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  Speaker 3: one hundred and forty eight feet into the Mediterranean sky,
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  Speaker 3: about the height of a modern fourteen story building, dominating
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  Speaker 3: the landscape of ancient Halla Carnassis.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, so here's the thing before we get into the
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  Speaker 1: story of this giant tomb made for a guy who
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  Speaker 1: might have been a little bit into himself, Scooch. We've
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  Speaker 1: got we've got to give some context. Okay, so we
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  Speaker 1: have to go to the BCE era before Common era,
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  Speaker 1: and our first question there is, hey, Hallakarnassus. Halle carnass
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  Speaker 1: is a weird word. What does that mean? It's in
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  Speaker 1: ancient Greek city, it's over on, as he said, it's
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  Speaker 1: in modern day Buldrum, Turkier, and right now, modern experts
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  Speaker 1: don't know a ton about, as Lauren would say, the
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  Speaker 1: actual facts existence of Halle carnass We know that it
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  Speaker 1: did exist. It had a large, pretty advantageous harbor. It
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  Speaker 1: was in prime position on the Sa routes if you
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  Speaker 1: look at it on paper, just like the Darien Gap.
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  Speaker 3: Can I just say that the Gulf of Seramicus is
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  Speaker 3: not one that I'm familiar with, not a golf that
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  Speaker 3: I am aware of until now? And also doesn't that
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  Speaker 3: kind of sound like a name of like a place
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  Speaker 3: in like eldin Ring or something a little bit the
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  Speaker 3: Gulf of Saramicus. It sounds like a scary place.
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  Speaker 1: It's more elden Ring than elder scroll for a sure.
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  Speaker 4: Definitely, it also sounds like an elden ring like the
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  Speaker 4: creature would like scoop your brains out on one hand
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  Speaker 4: and kill you.
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  Speaker 1: Elden Ring a famously non stressful, fun.
• 9:45
  Speaker 3: Game, famously too stressful for me to finish. And I
• 9:48
  Speaker 3: will tell you, guys, I may have mentioned this not
• 9:50
  Speaker 3: to go too off track, but I have found the
• 9:53
  Speaker 3: perfect goldilocks zone of a video game for me that
• 9:57
  Speaker 3: scratches all the itches, ticks all the boxes, and I'm
• 10:00
  Speaker 3: just loving every minute of it. And that game is
• 10:03
  Speaker 3: Monster Hunter Wilds. It's all the fun parts of games
• 10:07
  Speaker 3: like elden Rang, none of the.
• 10:10
  Speaker 2: Head slammed against wall, frustration of it I know, and
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  Speaker 2: keeps all fining about. Oh I love it. I love
• 10:17
  Speaker 2: it with all my heart. I got a joint, we
• 10:20
  Speaker 2: got a hot monsters together, guys. It's a blast.
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  Speaker 1: So a person who also like the love you have
• 10:27
  Speaker 1: for Monster Hunter is similar to the love that some
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  Speaker 1: of the rulers of Halla Carrass has had for their
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  Speaker 1: their regional power in the world. One of their most
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  Speaker 1: famous rulers was a woman, Artemisia. The first she served
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  Speaker 1: under Xerxes. Everybody remembers him from the documentary three hundred from.
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  Speaker 2: Yeah five hundred, I was wrong.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, Artemisia, The first.
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  Speaker 2: Big on earrings, big on facial piercings.
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  Speaker 1: Xerxys from the Docs, you know, oh yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah,
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  Speaker 1: famously accurate. I love the immortals in that one. I
• 11:09
  Speaker 1: love the like the vague superpowers in that one. I
• 11:12
  Speaker 1: don't want.
• 11:12
  Speaker 3: It's a fun looking movie, but it is a load
• 11:15
  Speaker 3: of comic book Yeah it is if it was a
• 11:17
  Speaker 3: comic book right and they did it, you know. I
• 11:20
  Speaker 3: think it may be one of the only Zack Snyder
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  Speaker 3: pictures that I think suits him the best. Like it
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  Speaker 3: was not been a fan of a lot of his
• 11:28
  Speaker 3: other stuff, but that one feels right for him.
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  Speaker 2: I think he did a good job.
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  Speaker 1: The historical Xerxes, it occurs to me, is a great
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  Speaker 1: pitch for our friend Ben Thompson over a badass he
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  Speaker 1: if he hasn't covered it yet, and as his Artemisia
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  Speaker 1: one very much a badass for her own right. So
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  Speaker 1: Xerxes with the help of Artemisia the first they invade
• 11:53
  Speaker 1: Grease in about four eighty BC. And these are facts
• 11:58
  Speaker 1: coming to us for our friends of Pretannica dot com. Again,
• 12:02
  Speaker 1: with Royals, they tend to not be super creative with naming,
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  Speaker 1: so we're not focusing on Artemisia the first. Uh, we're
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  Speaker 1: we're focusing on Artemisia Street named the second and her husband,
• 12:21
  Speaker 1: Mauzuleus Soiler. Also, how Game of Thrones is this dude?
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  Speaker 1: Also her husband and her biological brother.
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  Speaker 2: Okay, okay, no judgment, maybe a little judgment.
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  Speaker 1: They just went a little olive garden with romance.
• 12:37
  Speaker 2: You know what you mean, unlimited breadsticks?
• 12:40
  Speaker 1: Uh, sort of when you're here your family.
• 12:42
  Speaker 2: Ah, yes, of course. That old chestnut.
• 12:50
  Speaker 3: Mazulus, according to Britannica, was a Persian sat trap set
• 12:55
  Speaker 3: trap a governor.
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  Speaker 2: When I looked at it.
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  Speaker 3: On paper, it looks like a Persian strap, which sounds
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  Speaker 3: like a lot of fun. Though virtually they say an
• 13:03
  Speaker 3: independent ruler of Kara Karia rather in southwestern and Toolia
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  Speaker 3: from three seventy seven seventy six ish to three point
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  Speaker 3: fifty three BCE.
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  Speaker 1: And this guy. I love that we're bringing up satrap.
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  Speaker 1: It's one of those relatively archaic words for authorities, sort
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  Speaker 1: of similar to being a suzerain. This guy. Yeah, imagine
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  Speaker 1: the governor of your province or your state or what
• 13:34
  Speaker 1: have you, functioning essentially as a small king. That is
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  Speaker 1: what mark and statures he's got a short king to
• 13:42
  Speaker 1: short king Spring. He's got a short reach for sure,
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  Speaker 1: but within his reach he has an iron grasp. Yeah,
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  Speaker 1: and we ben oh oh, well, No, the thing is
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  Speaker 1: this guy, slowly over his career as a despot, he
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  Speaker 1: expands his control to some surrounding areas. And then Mauzeleless
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  Speaker 1: just spelling this out so we can all get the
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  Speaker 1: etymology in a us l us he dies, He dies
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  Speaker 1: before he does all the stuff he wanted to do,
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  Speaker 1: and when he dies he's still a big deal. And
• 14:24
  Speaker 1: during this time, as later occurs in different points of history,
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  Speaker 1: people want to sort of give the flowers, they want
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  Speaker 1: to pay the respects. They want to build a cartoonish
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  Speaker 1: Vegas level doing a callback, a cartoonish Vegas level monument
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  Speaker 1: to this dead ruler.
• 14:50
  Speaker 2: Well, it is funny.
• 14:50
  Speaker 3: I think we've talked about it in our discussions over
• 14:53
  Speaker 3: around stuff. They don't want you to know about the
• 14:55
  Speaker 3: Georgia guidestones. If anyone isn't familiar with that, do recommend
• 14:59
  Speaker 3: looking into that story and checking out our episodes. But
• 15:02
  Speaker 3: the official industry term to this day for tombstones. They
• 15:07
  Speaker 3: don't call it tombstones. They call them monuments.
• 15:11
  Speaker 1: Right, Yes, this I appreciate you pointing that out because
• 15:17
  Speaker 1: you want to be you know, careful and respectful with
• 15:21
  Speaker 1: the survivors of someone who's passed. To understand how this
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  Speaker 1: all this in the weeds geopolitics of bygone eras to
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  Speaker 1: understand how it results in a wonder of the world,
• 15:35
  Speaker 1: we have to know a little bit about Masilus's financials.
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  Speaker 1: So him and his.
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  Speaker 2: Bit of a big spender, a bit of a guy,
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  Speaker 2: you know, he was not.
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  Speaker 1: He may have been brave, clean and reverent to quote
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  Speaker 1: the boy Scouts, but he was not thrifty. He and
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  Speaker 1: his sister wife a true term Artemisia the second. In particular,
• 16:02
  Speaker 1: they spent tons of money doing their version of MTV cribs.
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  Speaker 1: With their capital overall, they constructed defensive walls, they made
• 16:14
  Speaker 1: a Theata, they made multiple temples, they made other public buildings.
• 16:19
  Speaker 1: We could actually despotism aside, we could argue that they
• 16:25
  Speaker 1: were improving the quality of life for people in the capitol.
• 16:29
  Speaker 3: Yeah, they're definitely focused on infrastructure and public works. But
• 16:32
  Speaker 3: of course, as you can imagine, these spending habits also
• 16:35
  Speaker 3: extended to their private domicile and their personal shopping habits.
• 16:40
  Speaker 2: Let's call them. We're pretty outlandish and extravagant.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, and so it comes to pass. In three point
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  Speaker 1: fifty three BCE, Mausulus dies and when he dies, his widow,
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  Speaker 1: Artemisia the Second becomes the ruler of the land. And
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  Speaker 1: she says, I like spending money. I missed my brother
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  Speaker 1: or I miss my husband.
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  Speaker 3: Little retail therapy, right, I mean, yes, exactly, I'm going
• 17:08
  Speaker 3: to do the ancient equivalent of showing up to target
• 17:12
  Speaker 3: with no shopping lists, just vibes targeageman marcus, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah,
• 17:23
  Speaker 3: there we go.
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  Speaker 1: Uh. So, she says, We're going to build this magnificent
• 17:28
  Speaker 1: tomb to honor my brother or await my husband.
• 17:31
  Speaker 2: So to my boo, yeah yeah, my booth.
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  Speaker 1: Hang. So to create this enormous, opulent structure, Artemisia the
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  Speaker 1: Second contacts the most talented, prolific, well known Greek artist
• 17:48
  Speaker 1: and architects of the day and brings them to Hollycardasses.
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  Speaker 2: That's right, we're talking about.
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  Speaker 3: Of course, you already know Satrios of Paros and Pythia
• 18:00
  Speaker 3: of prayin Prime. Uh the four walls of the structure
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  Speaker 3: in question here, the mausoleum is they're not calling it
• 18:09
  Speaker 3: that quite yet, though, let's just be clear. We're adorned
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  Speaker 3: with these relief carvings created by four of the most
• 18:17
  Speaker 3: famous Greek sculptors of the day.
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  Speaker 2: That would include.
• 18:20
  Speaker 3: Scope Us, who was the artistic foreman. Let's just say,
• 18:24
  Speaker 3: of the reconstruction of the Temple of Artemis, which the
• 18:27
  Speaker 3: other want to talk about.
• 18:29
  Speaker 2: Yeah, we're going to talk.
• 18:29
  Speaker 3: About that in a future episode. And this is of
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  Speaker 3: course a thesis.
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  Speaker 1: And those other uh, the other four sculptors sort of
• 18:39
  Speaker 1: the beetles of the construction of the moles, which are
• 18:43
  Speaker 1: are the Ocares, Briaxis, and Timotheos. Uh So, four really
• 18:49
  Speaker 1: big names legends in their time. Spoiler alert, folks. As
• 18:54
  Speaker 1: often happens, this ruler Artemisia the second dies and she
• 19:01
  Speaker 1: dies before the construction of this opulent tomb is complete.
• 19:07
  Speaker 1: She actually only outlives her brother or her husband, Mausulus,
• 19:15
  Speaker 1: by about two years, and after she expires, she is cremated,
• 19:21
  Speaker 1: as was her partner, and the ashes of both spouses
• 19:25
  Speaker 1: are placed in this tomb which is still under construction.
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  Speaker 1: So there are these big to dos, these big funeral ceremonies.
• 19:35
  Speaker 1: There are a lot of sacrifices of animals, not humans,
• 19:38
  Speaker 1: so far as we know. And the steps leading to
• 19:42
  Speaker 1: I love the point you made what would later be
• 19:44
  Speaker 1: called the mausoleum. The steps leading to this memorial site
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  Speaker 1: are covered with stones and rubble to close off any
• 19:55
  Speaker 1: untwold access to the interior.
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  Speaker 3: Indeed, to keep out the you know, can't have anybody
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  Speaker 3: tagging this glorious testament to the greatness of these these despots.
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  Speaker 3: So to add an additional closing note on this part,
• 20:10
  Speaker 3: Max mentions in the research, much of the building process
• 20:14
  Speaker 3: is not one hundred percent known in terms of, you know,
• 20:17
  Speaker 3: the actual methods that were used to construct them, which
• 20:20
  Speaker 3: is often the case of some of these ancient structures.
• 20:23
  Speaker 3: It is, however, believed that the construction began it in
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  Speaker 3: three fifty three BCE, right before Masulus Is death, and
• 20:29
  Speaker 3: finished in three fifty one BC, shortly after Artemisius death
• 20:33
  Speaker 3: Artemisius is death. And yeah, it's important to say that
• 20:37
  Speaker 3: while it's not known for certain, it is believed that
• 20:40
  Speaker 3: much of the manual laver was were performed of course,
• 20:43
  Speaker 3: surprise surprise, by slaves.
• 20:46
  Speaker 1: By It is believed. We also mean, it is true.
• 20:50
  Speaker 3: Have you seen that there's a really great little it's
• 20:53
  Speaker 3: ft up? But the show's wonder shows and there's a
• 20:56
  Speaker 3: little clip where it's these kids.
• 20:58
  Speaker 2: They kind of have these kids songs.
• 21:00
  Speaker 3: They're singing messed up stuff, and there's one where it's like,
• 21:01
  Speaker 3: slaves built the Pyramids, slaves built the Parthenos, same built America. No,
• 21:10
  Speaker 3: it's just like a funny little goofy kids song, but
• 21:13
  Speaker 3: they're talking about how slaves built everything, and then it
• 21:16
  Speaker 3: ends with thank you slaves.
• 21:18
  Speaker 1: I'm just I'm thinking of that beautiful song Fame where
• 21:21
  Speaker 1: they just the refrain is someone yelling Fame.
• 21:24
  Speaker 2: Well, sure, that's yeah, David Bowie and John Lennon.
• 21:27
  Speaker 1: So next question, what did this edifice this? I mean,
• 21:34
  Speaker 1: it is full of sculptures. What did this structure look like?
• 21:37
  Speaker 1: We do have good news. We teased it at the top.
• 21:40
  Speaker 1: Unlike our first episode in this series on the Hanging
• 21:43
  Speaker 1: Gardens of Babylon, the Mauzle Limb at Halla Karnassis is
• 21:50
  Speaker 1: much more well established in the historical record. We know
• 21:54
  Speaker 1: exactly where it was constructed. There are primary sources with
• 21:59
  Speaker 1: direct first hand accounts of the tomb. In short, we
• 22:03
  Speaker 1: know that it existed where and when it is purported
• 22:07
  Speaker 1: to exist.
• 22:09
  Speaker 2: That's right.
• 22:09
  Speaker 3: Unlike the famed hanging gardens, right, So with that, let's
• 22:14
  Speaker 3: get into some elder talk. Pliny the Elder to be specific,
• 22:18
  Speaker 3: the Roman scholar who we often quote because he was
• 22:22
  Speaker 3: a great historian, a great documentary cataloger of history, and
• 22:27
  Speaker 3: he was also a naval commander. He provided our most
• 22:29
  Speaker 3: detailed contemporary accounts of many things from this era, including
• 22:34
  Speaker 3: the Mausoleum of Halla Carnasses. According to his account, the
• 22:37
  Speaker 3: monument's base was nearly square, with a perimeter measuring four
• 22:42
  Speaker 3: hundred and eleven feet. It was adorned with thirty six
• 22:47
  Speaker 3: columns that circled the structure and created sort of what
• 22:50
  Speaker 3: you might refer to as a colonnade that supported a
• 22:54
  Speaker 3: pyramid shaped roof made up of twenty four steps.
• 22:58
  Speaker 1: Okay, so ziggarat esque.
• 23:01
  Speaker 2: There you go.
• 23:01
  Speaker 1: Proof. And for everybody outside of the United States and
• 23:06
  Speaker 1: Namibia at this point, if we could do a quick
• 23:09
  Speaker 1: ancient historic inflation calculator or concurreacion and a dude, so
• 23:20
  Speaker 1: four hundred and eleven feet is a little more than
• 23:24
  Speaker 1: one hundred and twenty five meters, So this is very
• 23:27
  Speaker 1: very big for the time.
• 23:28
  Speaker 2: That's right.
• 23:29
  Speaker 3: They're going large or going home on top of this
• 23:32
  Speaker 3: structure that we've described. Was kind of what you would
• 23:36
  Speaker 3: call the coupdi grav whole thing. The star on top
• 23:39
  Speaker 3: of the tree, a structure known as a quadraga, which
• 23:43
  Speaker 3: is made up of four horse chariot situations carved from
• 23:48
  Speaker 3: white marble. These must have been glorious to behold. The
• 23:51
  Speaker 3: chariots carrying figures thoughts to be Maziles himself and Ardimisia.
• 23:56
  Speaker 2: The second.
• 23:57
  Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, very again, very modest, very humble. Nobody has problems,
• 24:05
  Speaker 1: no one's going hungry or hoping for freedom. This is
• 24:10
  Speaker 1: this is also as cold as it sounds. This is
• 24:13
  Speaker 1: fantastic marketing and intimidation because if you were a ship
• 24:18
  Speaker 1: coming into this beautiful sheltered harbor, you are going to
• 24:24
  Speaker 1: see these sculptures as you approach. And the monument again
• 24:29
  Speaker 1: it's it's Leviathan. It's a gigantic scale. People are figuring
• 24:34
  Speaker 1: out how to build this thing in a way such
• 24:38
  Speaker 1: that it doesn't immediately collapse. So shout out to all
• 24:41
  Speaker 1: the engineers in the crowd.
• 24:43
  Speaker 2: For sure.
• 24:44
  Speaker 1: The foundation is about two feet or i'd say like
• 24:50
  Speaker 1: aboutzero point six meters deep into the ground, and they
• 24:54
  Speaker 1: had to dig down into the ground because they were
• 24:58
  Speaker 1: carrying two two thousand estimated two thousand tons of marble
• 25:03
  Speaker 1: blocks in the construction, and marble also, of course it's
• 25:09
  Speaker 1: peak opulence. It's quite expensive, it's not super easy to
• 25:14
  Speaker 1: work with. These guys are still also, by the way,
• 25:18
  Speaker 1: I think you would love this ridiculous historians. They're using
• 25:21
  Speaker 1: a lot of lead in the construction. They got lead dowels,
• 25:25
  Speaker 1: they got iron clamps, but they're using molten lead to
• 25:30
  Speaker 1: fasten these blocks together. And this is like nobody knows
• 25:34
  Speaker 1: about the long term knock on effects of lead exposure
• 25:38
  Speaker 1: at this point, so this is a revolutionary technique.
• 25:42
  Speaker 3: We did recently cite a study indicating that the IQ
• 25:47
  Speaker 3: of folks from this era in this part of the
• 25:50
  Speaker 3: world definitely saw a decline over time that was likely
• 25:54
  Speaker 3: a knock on effect of lead contamination. To your point, Ben,
• 26:04
  Speaker 3: you know, it's funny when we're hearing this description of
• 26:06
  Speaker 3: this mausoleum or of this grand burial monument, it really
• 26:11
  Speaker 3: makes me think of a lot of neo classical types
• 26:14
  Speaker 3: of monuments throughout the world, and even here in the
• 26:17
  Speaker 3: United States, like in Berlin there's the Brandenburger Gate or
• 26:20
  Speaker 3: the Brandenburg Gate, which it has these you know, horses
• 26:25
  Speaker 3: on top very much seemingly inspired by this kind of thing.
• 26:28
  Speaker 3: And even in New York City or you've got the
• 26:31
  Speaker 3: Grand Army Plaza where it's got this like eagle situation
• 26:35
  Speaker 3: and a lot of this stuff, you realize was definitely
• 26:38
  Speaker 3: a nod to some of these classical architecture.
• 26:42
  Speaker 2: I guess that's where neoclassical country.
• 26:44
  Speaker 1: The original version of the Washington Monument was something quite similar.
• 26:50
  Speaker 1: And for sure, when I accidentally got baptized as a
• 26:55
  Speaker 1: Buddhist in Salt Lake City recently yet accident, I was
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: thinking of something similar. If you go to the Big
• 27:05
  Speaker 1: LDS Temple there in Salt Lake City, you will see
• 27:09
  Speaker 1: a top it a golden statue of the angel Moroni,
• 27:14
  Speaker 1: and it's very similar this idea of sort of propagating visibility.
• 27:20
  Speaker 1: Look upon our works, and as we said, you know,
• 27:23
  Speaker 1: they're pulling the brightest minds of their generation to decorate
• 27:29
  Speaker 1: and ornament this monument. Each of the four sculptors we
• 27:33
  Speaker 1: previously mentioned are assigned one of the four facades of
• 27:38
  Speaker 1: the building. So to your earlier point, they have a
• 27:41
  Speaker 1: bunch of like Baker's dozens of free standing sculptures. These
• 27:46
  Speaker 1: are gonna depict battles between the Greeks and the Amazons.
• 27:52
  Speaker 1: They're super intricate, think like Angor Watt level intricate. Some
• 27:59
  Speaker 1: of this spoiler, the monument does get destroyed, but some
• 28:03
  Speaker 1: of the sculptures made it to the British Museum, including
• 28:09
  Speaker 1: one that is thought to be a statue of the
• 28:13
  Speaker 1: dead man himself, Mazuleus. However, speaking of humility and embellishment,
• 28:19
  Speaker 1: know this statue is ten feet tall. I don't think
• 28:23
  Speaker 1: Masulus was ten feet tall.
• 28:24
  Speaker 3: No, remember he was a short king. We talked about that.
• 28:28
  Speaker 3: So can you go visit this then? Well, first of all,
• 28:31
  Speaker 3: let's get it out of the way. I think it's clear.
• 28:32
  Speaker 3: The term mausoleum, which we use to this day to
• 28:35
  Speaker 3: describe large burial sites, usually reserved for multiple bodies. Oftentimes
• 28:41
  Speaker 3: they are for entire families. You know, you'll have like
• 28:44
  Speaker 3: different little slots within these mazle gums where various members
• 28:49
  Speaker 3: of a lineage will be stored, kind of have them
• 28:52
  Speaker 3: reserved for when folks pass. The second question, now they've
• 28:57
  Speaker 3: got down out of the way, can you go see
• 28:59
  Speaker 3: this thing today? I mean.
• 29:04
  Speaker 1: Asterisk, yes, asterisk So uh, you are going to be
• 29:10
  Speaker 1: unfortunately disappointed it's going to be a deeper disappointment than
• 29:16
  Speaker 1: the first time I visited the famous London Tower, right
• 29:21
  Speaker 1: and just cool, Well, no, it's cool, it's beautiful, and
• 29:24
  Speaker 1: obviously I love the Ravens, I love the Corvids. I
• 29:27
  Speaker 1: kicked up with them for a while for a few days.
• 29:29
  Speaker 1: But the first thing you'll realize when you go to
• 29:33
  Speaker 1: the Tower of London is that tower meant a very
• 29:36
  Speaker 1: different thing free skyscraper technology.
• 29:41
  Speaker 2: I mean, so it doesn't quite have the wow factor.
• 29:43
  Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean it's understood bers Dubai.
• 29:47
  Speaker 2: It is not.
• 29:48
  Speaker 1: But this this is not to say that the Maslem
• 29:52
  Speaker 1: is not a immensely impressive piece of construction, because it
• 29:57
  Speaker 1: did stand the test of time for nearly two thousand years.
• 30:01
  Speaker 1: Even Alexander the Great comes by and decides not to
• 30:06
  Speaker 1: destroy it. Europeans in the medieval era would come by
• 30:10
  Speaker 1: and they would see it and they would say, oh,
• 30:12
  Speaker 1: that's cool.
• 30:14
  Speaker 2: That Alexander the Great.
• 30:15
  Speaker 3: Bit reminds me of the part in Batman where the
• 30:17
  Speaker 3: Joker and his henchmen are like smashing up the museum
• 30:21
  Speaker 3: and then he comes across a Francis Bacon painting that's
• 30:23
  Speaker 3: kind of fed up, and he goes, wait, leave that one.
• 30:26
  Speaker 2: I like it.
• 30:29
  Speaker 1: Wait which which Batman franchise was that one Batman.
• 30:34
  Speaker 5: With the Prince And they're in the museum and they're
• 30:37
  Speaker 5: painting and slicing up the paintings, and then they come
• 30:39
  Speaker 5: across this Francis Bacon painting, who's a notoriously macabre kind
• 30:44
  Speaker 5: of painter, and the Joker says, no, leave that one.
• 30:47
  Speaker 1: I love that. I love all the jew I love
• 30:50
  Speaker 1: all the Joker adaptations except for one. And I'm gonna
• 30:53
  Speaker 1: be diplomatic.
• 30:54
  Speaker 2: The one with the face tattoos.
• 30:57
  Speaker 1: Being diplomatic, but I think we're on the same page.
• 31:00
  Speaker 4: The one who's to use condoms sent to the fellow actors.
• 31:02
  Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, yeah, I guess he was doing method I
• 31:05
  Speaker 3: don't know. It's super cool.
• 31:07
  Speaker 1: Sometimes people use doing method acting as an excuse to
• 31:12
  Speaker 1: just be pills. Daniel day Lewis would never I'm saying anyway,
• 31:18
  Speaker 1: the monument itself, it doesn't fall to human shenanigans, it
• 31:23
  Speaker 1: doesn't fall to human villainy. It falls to the passage
• 31:27
  Speaker 1: of the living natural world, a series of earthquakes between
• 31:32
  Speaker 1: the eleventh and fifteenth centuries CE. So this is around
• 31:38
  Speaker 1: for so so long, and even when it's kind of
• 31:42
  Speaker 1: a wreck and ruin, people are still on board with it.
• 31:48
  Speaker 1: I mean, it's a lot of marble, you know what
• 31:50
  Speaker 1: I mean.
• 31:50
  Speaker 2: Yeah, there's still some tasty bits that you can see.
• 31:53
  Speaker 1: So in fourteen ninety four, again ce Knights of Saint
• 31:58
  Speaker 1: John go to the site, the construction destruction site of
• 32:06
  Speaker 1: the mausoleum. They take these marble blocks, and the ones
• 32:11
  Speaker 1: that they're able to recover and move they use to
• 32:16
  Speaker 1: fortify their castle of Saint Peter. And they're able to
• 32:21
  Speaker 1: do this. Marble is super heavy, right, but they're able
• 32:24
  Speaker 1: to do this because the castle is nearby, and in
• 32:28
  Speaker 1: doing so they accidentally preserve pieces of this wonder of
• 32:33
  Speaker 1: the world.
• 32:33
  Speaker 3: Sure, and as they're excavating the site, they also accidentally
• 32:37
  Speaker 3: happen upon a secret chamber that's filled with beautiful sculptures
• 32:42
  Speaker 3: and statues. They initially believe that they'd found the actual
• 32:46
  Speaker 3: burial chamber, but Mazillus's actual facts Lauren vocal bomb burial
• 32:52
  Speaker 3: site remains lost to history.
• 32:56
  Speaker 1: History. Yeah, it's very just okay, now we know only
• 33:01
  Speaker 1: ruins remain. Shout out to Osamandias, the Muslims foundations. The
• 33:09
  Speaker 1: remnants of the debris they're at the original site right now.
• 33:15
  Speaker 1: You will find more of an impact in culture than
• 33:19
  Speaker 1: you will find in the soil. Similar to the taj Mahal.
• 33:25
  Speaker 1: This is a gargantuan monument to one man's ego, and
• 33:34
  Speaker 1: it's the reason, it's the reason that masolem is now
• 33:39
  Speaker 1: a word for a very fancy grave.
• 33:42
  Speaker 3: Indeed, love a mausoleum. They're a lot of fun and
• 33:46
  Speaker 3: they're also you know, very tim burtony. There's a certain
• 33:49
  Speaker 3: kind of I don't know, Gothic spookiness to them, like
• 33:53
  Speaker 3: I believe I remember, oh gosh, we don't talk about
• 33:55
  Speaker 3: a Neil game anymore.
• 33:56
  Speaker 2: But the Graveyard Book was really cool.
• 33:58
  Speaker 3: And in the Graveyard Book, I believe of a mausoleum
• 34:00
  Speaker 3: was sort of like the entrance and exit to like
• 34:02
  Speaker 3: the underworld.
• 34:04
  Speaker 2: Oh sure, ghosts and haunts and that one.
• 34:07
  Speaker 1: Oh, it reminds me of the excellent Clive Barker book
• 34:10
  Speaker 1: Night Breed. Yeah, of course that's the idiot. Yeah, the
• 34:15
  Speaker 1: Graveyard City. Now, of course, as we are going to
• 34:19
  Speaker 1: wrap up every episode this series are Wonders of the World.
• 34:23
  Speaker 1: One of the big questions for our fellow gamers out
• 34:26
  Speaker 1: there is obviously, should I build this wonder the Masolem
• 34:33
  Speaker 1: of Halikarnassis or the Moslim at Halacarnassis. Should I build
• 34:37
  Speaker 1: it in the game, it gives you scientific and seafaring
• 34:43
  Speaker 1: traits in some iterations, or it gives you culture and
• 34:47
  Speaker 1: points for an artist thing. It increases your gold income. However,
• 34:53
  Speaker 1: as a research associate, Max needs everyone listening to know
• 34:58
  Speaker 1: SIEV six is really where the Muslim will shine.
• 35:02
  Speaker 2: Bright Ooh okay, so they've they've upgraded it a little bit.
• 35:06
  Speaker 4: You know, it's like one of the most overpowered wonders
• 35:09
  Speaker 4: and Civilizations six because it has two abilities and each
• 35:13
  Speaker 4: of them individually will make it one of the best
• 35:17
  Speaker 4: wonders in the game because what it does, especially you
• 35:19
  Speaker 4: have to build it adjacent to a harbor in a
• 35:25
  Speaker 4: city on the coast. So like, that's one cool thing
• 35:28
  Speaker 4: that Day introduced in Stif six where it's like you
• 35:29
  Speaker 4: can't just build things in random places, like you can't
• 35:32
  Speaker 4: for the pyramids and tundra and stuff like that, which
• 35:34
  Speaker 4: is like, okay, that makes sense, but uh so, but
• 35:37
  Speaker 4: in other words, you have this one. You have to
• 35:39
  Speaker 4: have a lot of coastal and all your coastal tiles
• 35:41
  Speaker 4: just get beasted out. So it makes the city into
• 35:43
  Speaker 4: a super city. But it also gives you an extra
• 35:46
  Speaker 4: charge on a great on a great engineer going forward,
• 35:48
  Speaker 4: on all your great engineers going forward. So let's just
• 35:50
  Speaker 4: say you have a great engineer like uh, Eiffel is
• 35:53
  Speaker 4: one of the great engineers you can get who gives
• 35:55
  Speaker 4: you a bunch of like production for building wonders. So
• 35:57
  Speaker 4: like literally you can just beast out like three wonders
• 36:00
  Speaker 4: with this thingale On. It's the most and some reason
• 36:03
  Speaker 4: the AI never want to build.
• 36:04
  Speaker 1: It right, right, so it's advantageous. Now, of course we
• 36:08
  Speaker 1: have saved clearly the most pivotal and impactful question for
• 36:15
  Speaker 1: the end. However, we have good news, folks, this is
• 36:19
  Speaker 1: not the end of the series. We have additional wonders
• 36:24
  Speaker 1: to explore technically five. We're also going to have a
• 36:27
  Speaker 1: little bit of a meta episode about what makes a
• 36:30
  Speaker 1: wonder a wonder. We have so much more to get to.
• 36:33
  Speaker 3: To call back to Clive Barker, so many wonders to
• 36:35
  Speaker 3: show you, right.
• 36:37
  Speaker 1: Yes, yes, very very l Raiser, I love it all.
• 36:40
  Speaker 1: I love we Also yeah again we have a we
• 36:43
  Speaker 1: have a meta episode on what makes a wonder a wonder?
• 36:46
  Speaker 1: We can't wait to hang out with you later this
• 36:49
  Speaker 1: week when we talk about another wonder of the modern
• 36:53
  Speaker 1: world with perhaps some damning consequences. We're doing a ridiculous
• 36:58
  Speaker 1: history of tupperware.
• 37:00
  Speaker 2: Oh my gosh, I love that tupperware burp hughes.
• 37:03
  Speaker 3: Thanks to Max Williams, a super producer who also served
• 37:06
  Speaker 3: does our research associate extraordinaire on this episode. Huge thanks
• 37:09
  Speaker 3: to Alex Williams, who composed our theme.
• 37:13
  Speaker 1: Big big thanks, of course to The Puzzler and the Twister.
• 37:17
  Speaker 1: That would be the Devil and the Angel on the
• 37:21
  Speaker 1: shoulders of our show. That's aj Bahamas Jacobs, host of
• 37:26
  Speaker 1: The Puzzler, and that's Jonathan Strickland.
• 37:29
  Speaker 3: AJ joining us pretty soon.
• 37:30
  Speaker 1: AJ is joining us pretty soon. He's he's got some
• 37:34
  Speaker 1: he's got some bangor research to share with us, and
• 37:38
  Speaker 1: of course we can't wait to hang with him. Also,
• 37:40
  Speaker 1: big thanks to Rachel Big Spinach Lance, the number one
• 37:46
  Speaker 1: world expert on underwater explosions, which I still love being
• 37:50
  Speaker 1: able to.
• 37:50
  Speaker 2: Say, yes, it's a very niche expertise and we're here
• 37:53
  Speaker 2: for it.
• 37:54
  Speaker 1: And of course Chris rossi Otis Eves Jeffcoat here in spirit,
• 38:00
  Speaker 1: and big thanks to you know, I'd love to I
• 38:04
  Speaker 1: can't wait to see what wonders we explore in the future.
• 38:08
  Speaker 3: Oh, I thought you're gonna say, to see what my
• 38:09
  Speaker 3: mausoleum looks like.
• 38:11
  Speaker 1: Dark. No, that'd be rude.
• 38:13
  Speaker 3: No, it's gonna be it's gonna be rad I'm already
• 38:16
  Speaker 3: designing it.
• 38:17
  Speaker 2: Let's see you next time, folks.
• 38:25
  Speaker 3: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,
• 38:29
  Speaker 3: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.