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2.1.25 - Part 1 · Children's Hour

• 0:02
  Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Radioized Children's Story Hour. As a
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  Reminderized a reading service intended for people who are blinder
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  of other disabilities that make it difficult to reprint in material.
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  Today we will be reading from various books on famous
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  black Americans. Your reader today is Diane. We will begin
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  with a book I Am Rosa Parks. It was published
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  by Dial Books for Young Readers, a division of Penguin USA.
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  It has a copywriter of nineteen ninety seven and the
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  author of our book is Rosa Parks with Jim Haskins.
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  I get arrested many years ago. Black people in the
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  South could not go to the same schools as white people.
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  We could not eat in white restaurants. We cannot even
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  drink from the same water fountains. We had to stay
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  apart from white people everywhere we went. This was segregation.
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  Segregation was the law on the South. If we broke
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  the law, we could be arrested or hurt or even killed.
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  When we rode a bus, we could only sit in
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  the back seats. The front seats were just for white people.
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  If all the front seats were filled with white people,
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  we black people had to give up our seats to
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  the next white people who got on the bus. That's
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  the way we rode the buses in the South. When
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  I was younger, I rode the buses and obeyed the
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  laws that kept me apart from white people, but I
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  did not think they were right. One day I was
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  riding on a bus. I was sitting in one of
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  the seats in the back section for black people. The
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  bus started to get crowded. The front seats filled up
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  with white people. One white man was standing up. The
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  bus driver looked back at us black people sitting down.
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  The driver said, let me have those seats. He wanted
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  us to get up and give our seats to white people.
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  I was tired of doing that. I stayed in my seat.
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  This bus driver said to me, I'm going to have
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  you arrested. You may do that, I said, and I
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  stayed in my seat. Two policemen came. One asked me,
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  why didn't you stand up. I asked him, why do
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  you push us black people around. The policeman took me
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  to jail. They took my picture. They put my fingers
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  on a pad of ink and rolled my fingers onto
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  white cards. That way they had my fingerprints. Then they
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  put me in a jail cell. I did not have
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  to spend the night in jail. My husband came to
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  get me. A friend paid my bill money. That meant
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  I could go free for now. The police told me
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  to come to court in three days. I went to court.
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  The judge said I was guilty of breaking the law.
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  I was fined ten dollars plus four dollars in court cost.
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  I never paid it. I did not feel I had
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  broken the law. I thought black people should not have
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  to give up their seats on the bus to white people.
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  I thought the laws should treat black people and white
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  people just the same way. I always wanted rules to
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  be fair, even when I was small. How I grew up.
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  I was born on February fourth, nineteen thirteen. I grew
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  up in a place called Pine Level, Alabama. I was
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  named Rosa Louise McCauley after my grandma Rose. My little
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  brother was named Sylvester after my grandpa. My mother's name
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  was Leona. She was a school teacher. My father was
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  a builder of houses. His name was James. We lived
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  on a farm with my grandma and grandpa. They owned
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  their own land and grew vegetables and raised chickens on it.
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  I like to go fishing with Grandma and Grandpa. They
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  could not see very well, so I would put the
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  worm on the hook for them. Pine Level was too
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  small to have buses, or public water fountains, or even
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  a library, but there was segregation just the same. Sylvester
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  and I went to a school for black children in
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  only one room. White children went to a bigger school.
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  There was a school bus for the white children. There
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  was no school bus for us. Sometimes when we walked
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  to school, the bus would go by carrying the white children.
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  They would laugh at us and throw trash out the window.
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  There was no way to stop them. One day, a
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  white boy named Franklin tried to hit me. I picked
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  up a brick and dared him to hit me. He
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  went away. My grandma was angry. She told me not
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  to talk back to white folks. I thought I was
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  right to talk back. When I grew up, I married
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  a man named Raymond Parks. The year was nineteen thirty two.
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  He was a barber. He lived in the city of Montgomery, Alabama.
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  I was proud of my husband because he worked to
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  help black people. He helped get lawyers for people who
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  had been arrested. I began to work to help black
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  people too. I wrote down their stories when they were
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  hurt by whites. I asked you on black people to
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  try to use the white library. It was very hard work.
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  It was also very sad work because nothing we did
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  really helped make our lives better. Then came that down
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  the bus when I would not give up my seat
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  to a white person. I was tired of black people
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  being pushed around. Some people think I kept my seat
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  because I had a hard day, but that's not true.
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  I was just tired of giving in. We stay off
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  the buses. Many black people heard that I had been arrested.
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  They were very angry. They thought it was time to
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  fight for new laws. A woman named Joanne Robinson, so
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  we should not ride the buses if we had to
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  give up our seats to white people. She passed out
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  leafless asking all black people in the city of Montgomery
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  to stay off the buses for one day. This was
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  called a boycott. The day of the boycott came, the
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  buses were almost empty. Very few black people were on them.
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  A man named E. D. Nixon called a big meeting
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  of black people. The meeting was held in a church.
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  A young minister named doctor Martin Luther King Jr. Told
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  all the black people to keep off the buses. Everyone
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  at the meaning cheered, and the boycott went on. We
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  walked to work or took taxis. We got rides from
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  our friends, but we did not ride the buses. Christmas passed,
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  it was very cold, but we did not ride the buses.
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  White people were very angry. They wanted us to ride
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  the buses again. Some black people even lost their jobs
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  because they would not ride the buses. Some black people
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  were arrested, some were beaten up. I got telephone calls
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  from people who would not give their names. They said
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  they wanted to hurt me. Spring came now it was
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  nice weather for walking. All the black churches had station
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  wagons to drive the people who could not walk. Summer came,
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  the buses had stopped running. There were not enough riders
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  without the black people. Mister Nixon, doctor King got lawyers
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  to take out case to court. They took our case
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  all the way to the Supreme Court in Washington, d c.
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  The Supreme Court said that the segregation laws were wrong.
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  Black people should not have to give up their bus
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  seats to white people. Our boycott worked and we had won.
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  We went back to the buses. At last, we did
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  not have to give up our seats anymore. We had
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  stayed off the buses for a whole year since the boycott.
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  Many white people were angry that we had won. My
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  brother was worried about our safety. My husband and I
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  left Montgomery to find work and to be near my brother.
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  We moved up north to Detroit, Michigan. My mother moved
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  with us. Back in the South. Doctor Martin Luther King
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  Junior decided to fight against segregation in other ways. He
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  led black people in the fight to vote and to
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  eat in restaurants just as white people did. He was
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  fighting for the rights. This fight was called the Civil
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  Rights movement. Some white people joined the fight. Most went
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  down south from the North, but some white people in
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  the South joined the civil rights movement too. I helped
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  out by making speeches. I told about being arrested. I
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  went down South for some of the big marches for
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  black people's rights. The Civil rights movement won many rights
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  for black people. New laws for equal rights were passed.
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  The old segregation laws were over. Today. I still make
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  many speeches and I received many awards. Some people say
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  I started the whole civil Rights movement because I would
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  not give up my seat on the bus. I know
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  that many people started the civil rights movement, and many
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  people worked very hard to win the rights that black
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  people have today. But I am glad that I did
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  my part. There is still much work to be done.
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  The loss that kept black and white people apart have
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  been changed, but there are still many people who have
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  not changed their hearts. I hope that children today will
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  grow up without hate. I hope they will learn to
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  respect one another, no matter what color they are. Our
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  next book is called Little People, Big Dreams Jesse Owens
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  and was published by Francis Lincoln Children's Books. It has
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  a copyright year of twenty twenty and it was written
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  by Maria Azabel Sanchez the Gara. Little Jesse was the
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  youngest child of the Owens, a humble family of farmers
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  from Alabama. He was the tenth and last of his siblings,
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  but when his mother called for dinner, he beat everyone
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  else to the table. At school, no one could catch him.
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  His gym teacher was so impressed that he asked him
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  to join the track team after school, but Jesse had
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  run to work repairing shoes and delivering groceries to support
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  his family. Of course, that didn't stop Jesse. He decided
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  to practice in the morning, when the sun was rising
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  and everyone was still in bed. He was determined to
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  become the best athlete in the world. Jesse's first lesson
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  was to imagine that the track was on fire, even
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  though that wasn't true. It helped him develop his own
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  elegance running style, keeping his feet off the ground as
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  much as possible. He entered Ohio State University, where everybody
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  called him the Buckeye Bullet. Jesse became the first African
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  American captain of a university team and the first who
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  had to work as a lift operator in order to
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  pay for his schooling. Despite Jesse's success on the track,
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  he had to wait for his teammates to take their
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  showers before he could wash himself. All around him, life
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  was separated for black people and white people. During one
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  single time championship, Jesse set three world records and tied
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  a fourth in only forty five minutes. It was one
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  of the most celebrated moments in the history of sports
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  and a good chance for Jesse to prove himself before
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  the Olympic Games. The Olympics were held in Berlin, Germany,
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  in nineteen thirty six. The country was ruled by a
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  terrible man named Adolf Hitler. Hiller believed that white athletes
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  were superior because they were white. Jesse won a gold
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  medal and stole the spotlight from Hitler's hateful regime. More
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  than one hundred and ten thousand people stayed to watch
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  Jesse win three more gold medals over the next few days.
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  He was an Olympic hero, the fastest man in history,
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  but still a humble person, happy to hug his toughest rival.
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  When Jesse arrived home, there was a dinner in his honor,
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  but as soon as he got there, he realized nothing
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  had changed. He could not even use the main doors
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  to reach his own reception. Sadly, soon after, no one
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  remembered Jesse's amazing achievements. Needed to take any job to
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  make a living. He worked at a gas station, churred
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  with a jazz band, and even accepted a race against horses.
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  He had retired when he finally got his most valuable award,
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  the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor for any American.
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  No athlete embodied the struggle against injustice and racism. More
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  than Jesse, and every time the Olympic Games take place,
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  little Jesse is remembered, the humble boy who fought the
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  wind and sought out new sites, running just on the
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  strength of his feet and the courage of his lungs.
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  Our next book is called Michelle Obama Get to Know
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  the Influential First Lady and Education Advocate. It was published
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  by Capstone Press, an imprint of Capstone, and it has
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  a copyright year of twenty twenty. It is written by
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  Lakita Wilson. Reaching Girls goat Globally, Michelle obamaston inside the
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  hotel lobby waiting. She watched for the TV producer to
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  give her the signal. Outside, only a few steps away,
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  a large crowd formed. There was a troop of girls
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  with scouting badges sung to their vest, women in college
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  t shirts, a baby wearing bright red headphones over her ears,
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  a girl with curly blond hair standing next to her
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  friend wearing a baseball cap over a hajjab, and so
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  many others. It was October eleventh of twenty eighteen, and
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  The Today Show was welcoming the former First Lady of
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  the United States to the New York City set. When
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  a show finally stepped out into the warm, cloudy morning.
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  Cheers filled the air. More than six hundred women and
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  girls from all around the country clapped in yell picked
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  bleachers rumbled as people stamped their feet. Girls lunched over
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  the fences with their cell phones hoping for a selfie.
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  Michelle reached out to high five or few people as
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  she walked through the crowd with Tillbrey. Eleventh marked the
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  International Day of the Girl, perfect timing for her big news.
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  Long ago, Michelle had written two questions in a purple
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  leather bound journal, what kind of person do I want
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  to be? How do I want to contribute to the world.
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  Since then, she had been a top lawyer, a college gean,
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  a supportive mom to her two daughters in respected first lady.
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  But now it was time to take her commitment to
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  education worldwide. Enough is enough, Michelle told the Today viewers.
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  Young women are tired of it. They are tired of
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  being undervalued. They're tired of being disregarded. They're tired of
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  their voices not being invested in and heard. As Michelle's
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  words rang out over the plaza, countless girls from all
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  kinds of backgrounds lifted their chins, and if we're going
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  to change that, we have to give them the tools
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  and the skills through education to be able to lift
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  those voices up, Michelle continued. That morning, in New York City,
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  Michelle announced her newest education initiative, the Global Girls Alliance.
• 15:21
  The huge project may have come as a surprise to
• 15:24
  some people, but Michelle Obama had been preparing for it
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  her entire life. The Global Girl's Alliance is now called
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  the Girl's Opportunity Alliance. Michelle Obama and the Obama Foundation
• 15:38
  started this initiative to empower girls all around the world
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  through education. The foundation helps community organizations set up funds
• 15:47
  to pay for girls education. It also teaches young people
• 15:51
  across the country about the importance of education and how
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  to get involved. Young Michelle. Michelle Obama was one on
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  Michelle Robinson on January seventeenth, nineteen sixty four. Her parents,
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  Fraser and Marion, lived on the upper floor of a
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  little brick house in Chicago, Illinois. There they raised Michelle
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  and her older brother, Craig. The neighborhood was middle class
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  and mixed race. Family was always nearby, and aunt and
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  uncle owned the house and lived downstairs. Family gatherings were
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  common at Michelle's grandfather's house just around the corner. Michelle's
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  mother taught her how to read at a young age.
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  Her father taught her about jazz, arc and basketball. Michelle
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  was driven to be the best student from the first
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  day of school. She skipped second grade and entered gifted
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  classes by sixth grade. Her parents wanted her and her
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  brother to do well. We were their investment, me and Craig,
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  she said later. Everything went into us. Michelle went to
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  high school at Whitney m Young, a brand new school
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  designed to bring in smart kids of all races. Getting
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  there involved ninety minutes of nerve pummeling, travel on two
• 17:03
  different city bus routes, as well as transferred downtown. Michelle
• 17:08
  left her house at five am and got home between
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  six and seven pm. She worried about not standing out
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  among the one thy nine hundred other students. She worked
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  hard to be a good student. She took advanced classes,
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  earned good grades, and served on the student council. Her
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  hard work led to acceptance at Princeton University in New Jersey.
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  In the summer of nineteen eighty one, she moved to campus.
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  She discovered she was a definite minority at the school.
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  Princeton was extremely white and extremely male. She wrote, Black
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  students made up less than nine percent of my freshman class.
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  But Michelle also knew that being at the top of
• 17:47
  her class was the way to get ahead. After Princeton,
• 17:52
  Michelle applied to the best law schools in the country.
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  She went to Harvard Law School in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In
• 18:00
  eight she earned a job as a lawyer in one
• 18:02
  of the top law firms in Chicago. Michelle was a
• 18:06
  first year lawyer when she asked to mentor a Harvard
• 18:10
  law student over the summer named Barack Obama. He was
• 18:13
  three years older than Michelle and said to be very talented.
• 18:16
  At first, Michelle was not impressed. I checked out his photo,
• 18:20
  Michelle said, a less than flattering, poorly litch headshot of
• 18:24
  a guy with a big smile and a whiff of geekiness.
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  It was also late to their first meeting. It didn't
• 18:31
  take long for him to win her over. Though Barack
• 18:34
  was smart and confident, the two became close friends. Eventually
• 18:38
  they both realized they weren't interested in other people. They
• 18:42
  married October third, nineteen ninety two. Their wedding son was
• 18:46
  Stevie wonders, you and I we can conquer the world,
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  a big hint at what was to come The value
• 18:55
  of life. Michelle's frend sies inn Alil, died of cancer
• 18:59
  nineteen Michelle's father died the next year. Their passing may
• 19:03
  Michelle rethink her life. She realized that she didn't enjoy
• 19:07
  being a lawyer you though she was very good at it,
• 19:09
  She felt there was more she could offer the world
• 19:12
  through a different kind of career, a political life. Shortly
• 19:19
  before the wedding, Michelle left her law job to work
• 19:21
  in the Mayor's office. She worked as a liaison between
• 19:24
  the city's many departments. Her co worker Susan Cheer and
• 19:29
  Valerie Jarrett greatly influenced her. They showed her how to
• 19:33
  speak her mind, to be confident in her choices, and
• 19:36
  to balance her personal work lives. In nineteen ninety three,
• 19:39
  Michelle was hired to be the leader of a group
• 19:41
  called Public Allies. Their go was to recruit young people
• 19:45
  and give them the skills needed for public service. The
• 19:48
  students would be the next generation of community leaders. During
• 19:52
  that time, Barack had been working in a law firm,
• 19:55
  teaching law classes and writing a book about his life.
• 19:58
  Then he had the op to run for a seat
• 20:01
  in the Illinois state legislature. The written words. To help
• 20:06
  her collect her thoughts, Michelle bought a purple journal. She
• 20:09
  wrote about things she was interested in, her unhappiness as
• 20:13
  a lawyer, in her worries about the future. Michelle didn't
• 20:16
  think it was a good idea for her husband to
• 20:19
  become a state senator. She didn't like what she had
• 20:22
  seen for many politicians. Most of what I knew about
• 20:25
  state politics came from what I read in the newspaper,
• 20:28
  and none of it seemed especially good or productive, she said.
• 20:32
  But in the end she said yes, and Baroq was elected.
• 20:36
  As Barack began a new role in politics, Michelle began
• 20:39
  a new job as a leader at the University of Chicago.
• 20:42
  The job allowed her to get students involved with the city.
• 20:45
  It also had another benefit that her health insurance for
• 20:49
  starting a family. Malia was born in nineteen ninety eight
• 20:53
  and saws in two thousand and one. In nineteen ninety nine,
• 20:57
  Barack decided to run for the US House of Representatives.
• 21:01
  He lost that election, but in two thousand and four
• 21:04
  he ran for seat in the US Senate. This time
• 21:07
  he won by the largest margin in Illinois state history.
• 21:11
  Michelle was also busy during this time, taking a new
• 21:14
  job as a leader at the University of Chicago Hospital.
• 21:19
  While Barack worked in Washington, d c. Michelle cared for
• 21:22
  their daughters and worked hard. She was promoted to a
• 21:25
  more notable job at the University of Chicago Hospital, helping
• 21:29
  the hospital connect to the local community. Although Barack had
• 21:35
  been in office only a few years, people started to
• 21:37
  ask if he would run for president in two thousand
• 21:40
  and eight. The choice was up to Michelle. She agreed.
• 21:43
  On February tenth, two thousand and seven, Barack announced his candidacy.
• 21:48
  A few months later, Michelle decided to spend less time
• 21:51
  working at the hospital so she could spend more time
• 21:54
  campaigning for Barack. Barack was used to being in the spotlight, However,
• 21:59
  now the light was on Michelle too. Reporters told her
• 22:02
  she didn't smile enough, her words were twisted to make
• 22:05
  her sound bad. Some critics called her names. They even
• 22:08
  picked on her clothes and the way she looked. Michelle
• 22:12
  told funny stories about the rock leaving the voter out,
• 22:15
  or forgetting to pick up his socks. She thought the
• 22:17
  stories would help people see the Obamas as a normal family,
• 22:21
  but some people said she was trying to embarrass her husband.
• 22:24
  A TV interview with the whole family was picked apart
• 22:27
  by viewers around the country. Michelle got her first taste
• 22:31
  of how mean the public could be. She didn't like it.
• 22:34
  Michelle decided to try something different. She began talking about
• 22:38
  things that were most important to her, her husband and children, education,
• 22:43
  and her Chicago roots. She also listened voters told her
• 22:48
  about their lives and their problems. Michelle viewed that she
• 22:52
  would help those people began to take notice. They felt
• 22:55
  like she heard their words. In November fourth, two thousand
• 22:59
  and eight, Michelle went to Chicago Elementary School and cast
• 23:03
  her vote for the next president. That night, before the
• 23:06
  results were in, she had her own final works for
• 23:09
  her husband. I'm proud of you, no matter what happened,
• 23:12
  she told him, You've done so much good. So have you?
• 23:16
  He reminded her, We've both done all right. At exactly
• 23:21
  ten PM, the news arrived Barack Obama would become the
• 23:25
  forty fourth president of the United States of America in
• 23:31
  the two thousand and eight election. Barack Obama's running mate
• 23:34
  was Sell Biden, a Center from Delaware. They were up
• 23:36
  against Arizona Center John McCain and his running mate, Alaska
• 23:40
  Governor Sarah Palin. More than one hundred and thirty one
• 23:44
  million people voted. It was the highest voter turnout percentage
• 23:48
  for a presidential race in forty years. First Lady the
• 23:54
  Obamas only had a few months to prepare for the
• 23:56
  move to Washington, d C. Sasha and Malia needed to
• 23:59
  be signed up for new schools. Michelle would need to
• 24:02
  hire a staff and begin to plan major White House
• 24:05
  events such as formal dinners and culture performances. People often
• 24:10
  asked Michelle what kind of First Lady she would be.
• 24:13
  I won't know until I get there, she replied. First Ladies,
• 24:20
  there's no handbook for incoming First Ladies, Michelle wrote, It's
• 24:24
  not technically a job, nor is it official title. It
• 24:28
  comes with no salary and no spead out set of obligations.
• 24:33
  Throughout the years, First Ladies have taken on many different
• 24:36
  rows when they lived at the White House. Martha Washington
• 24:40
  did not enjoy politics, but she was well known for
• 24:43
  supporting US soldiers. Eleanor Roosevelt was a strong advocate for women,
• 24:48
  people who were poor and minorities. Nancy Reagan fought against
• 24:52
  stroken alcohol abuse. Laura Bush, a librarian, promoted education and
• 24:57
  developed programs to help teach children how to read. During
• 25:02
  Baroq's campaign, Michelle talked with families all across the country.
• 25:07
  Now as First Lady, she was in a position to
• 25:09
  help them. She learned how challenging life could be for
• 25:12
  military families. They moved a lot, Spouses had to find
• 25:16
  new jobs, children had to adjust to new schools. Military
• 25:20
  members could be sent out on duty for a year
• 25:22
  or more, which could affect the families they left behind.
• 25:26
  It could be hard for veterans to switch from the
• 25:28
  military to everyday life. Injuries taken the line of duty
• 25:33
  could be life changing. In twenty eleven, the First Lady
• 25:38
  worked with doctor Joe Biden, the Vice President's wife, to
• 25:41
  start joining Forces. This initiative raise awareness and provided support
• 25:46
  for service members, veterans, and their families. As First Lady,
• 25:54
  Michelle spent some time traveling during Barock's two presidential terms.
• 25:58
  She made more than twenty trips of rod While Barrock
• 26:01
  met with foreign leaders, Michelle spoke to everyday people. She
• 26:05
  spoke to kids about the challenges she faced in her
• 26:08
  early life, she gave speeches about race and gender inequality.
• 26:13
  She supported art education and encouraged students to go to college.
• 26:18
  She also worked on problems in the United States. Childhood
• 26:21
  obesity was getting worse. In two thousand and nine, Michelle
• 26:24
  and a group of students planted a vegetable garden at
• 26:27
  the White House to encourage people to eat healthy. Michelle
• 26:30
  campaigned for the passage of the Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act.
• 26:35
  This law said that the schools had to provide more fresh,
• 26:38
  healthy foods to their students. We will have to finish
• 26:44
  this story next time. This concludes the children's story our
• 26:48
  for today. Please join us next time as we will
• 26:51
  read more stories, fables and fairy tales. Thank you for listening,
• 26:55
  and please stay tune for Alexing Herald Leader on Radio
• 26:59
  I