Latest / The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Gentlemen's Pact: How the Peace of Westphalia Redrew Europe's Map
In 1648, after thirty years of religious war that left millions dead, a group of European diplomats gathered in two small German towns to end the fighting. The Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück — collectively known as the Peace of Westphalia — did more than just stop the conflict. They tore up the old order of a unified Christendom under pope and emperor, and replaced it with a new one: a world of sovereign states, each free to set its own religion and diplomacy. This episode unpacks the tangled negotiations, the rise of ambassador diplomacy, the role of Richelieu's France, and how a…
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