Latest / Space News Today / Young Stars Dim Quicker, Surprising Solar Winds, and Dream Chaser’s Milestone

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Young Stars Dim Quicker, Surprising Solar Winds, and Dream Chaser’s Milestone · Space News Today

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This is Spacetime Series 29, episode 48
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for broadcast on the 22nd of April,
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2026.
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Coming up on Spaceime, discovery that
0:09
young sunlike stars dim quickly. Good
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news for the possibility of life. A
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surprisingly speedy solar wind
0:16
discovered in the inner corona. And the
0:18
dream chaser space plane passes another
0:21
critical milestone. All that and more
0:24
coming up on Spaceime.
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Welcome to Space Time with Stuart Garry.
0:46
A new study has discovered that young
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sunlike stars tend to settle down and
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start to dim much more quickly than
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previously thought. and that could
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potentially benefit any orbiting planets
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and the prospects of life developing
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there. The findings reported in the
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Astrophysical Journal are based on new
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observations by NASA's Earth orbiting
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Chandra X-ray Space Telescope.
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Astronomers use Chandra and other
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telescopes to monitor how powerful
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radiation from young stars, often in the
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form of dangerous X-rays, can pummel any
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planets orbiting around them. However,
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they didn't know how long this high
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energy barrage would last. That's where
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the new observations come in.
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Astronomers studied eight clusters of
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stars between 45 and 750 million years
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old. The authors found that sunlike
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stars in these clusters unleashed only
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about a quarter to a third of the X-rays
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they're expecting. The study's lead
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author Constantine Gateman from Penn
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State University says the observations
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reveal a natural quietening of young
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sunlike stars in X-rays, possibly
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because their internal generation of
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magnetic fields becomes less efficient.
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And Gman believes this calming could
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have been a boom for the formation of
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life on planets around stars that are
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younger versions of our own 4.6 billiony
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old sun. That's because large amounts of
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X-rays can erode a planet's atmosphere,
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preventing the formation of molecules
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necessary for organic life as we know
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it. On average, 3 milliony old stars
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with a mass equal to that of the sun
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produce around a thousand times more
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X-rays than our sun does today.
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Meanwhile, 100 milliony old solar mass
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stars are about 40 times brighter in
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X-rays than the present day sun. And
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it's possible that we owe our own
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existence to our sun doing the same
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thing several billion years ago. The
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authors found that stars with about the
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same mass as the sun whitened down
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relatively rapidly after just a few
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hundred million years, while those with
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less mass kept up their high level of
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X-ray emissions for much longer.
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Combined with the decrease in the energy
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of the X-rays and the disappearance of
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energetic particles, the sun-sized stars
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are apparently better suited to host
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planets with robust atmospheres and
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possibly blossoming life than previously
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thought. Gman and colleagues also used
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data from the European Space Ay's Gaia
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satellite and the Rosat mission. This
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allowed them to identify stars that were
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members of clusters rather than either
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foreground or background stars. To
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measure the X-ray outputs from the
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stars, the authors made new Chandra
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observations of five clusters with ages
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between 45 million and 100 million
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years. In addition to using Chandra and
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Roset data from archives to study three
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older stellar clusters with ages between
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220 and 750 million years, astronomers
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hadn't previously been able to study the
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exact X-ray output of stars in this age
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range. Most have relied on sparse data
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and a relationship from previous work
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between the X-ray emissions produced by
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young stars and their ages and spin
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rates. Older, more slowly rotating stars
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are usually fainter in X-rays. But the
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authors found that X-ray output drops
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off about 15 times more rapidly than the
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relationship predicts during the
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specific adolescent phase. While they're
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still investigating the cause of the
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slower than expected activity,
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astronomers think the processes that
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generate magnetic fields in these stars
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may become less efficient, and that
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would lead to the stars becoming quieter
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in X-rays more quickly as they age. This
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is spaceime. Still to come, a
4:14
surprisingly speedy solar wind found in
4:16
the sun's inner corona. And the Sierra
4:18
Space Dreamchaser space plane Tenacity
4:20
passes another critical milestone. All
4:23
that and more still to come on Spaceime.
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A new study has found that the solar
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wind is traveling up to four times
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faster than expected in the sun's inner
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corona. The solar wind is a constant
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stream of charged particles flowing out
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from the sun. The new findings reported
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in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
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provides fresh details about the inner
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workings of our local star. The
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discovery marks the first result from
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the European Space Ay's Prob 3 mission.
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Prob 3 comprises two spacecraft flying
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in millimeter precise formation. The
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exacting nature of their orbit allows
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one of the vehicles to directly occult
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or block out sun from the other. in the
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process creating an artificial solar
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eclipse. This allows astronomers to
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study the sun's faint wispy corona.
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That's the atmosphere of the sun
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normally obscured by the sun's glare.
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The prob 3 mission launched last year
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and has so far created 57 artificial
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solar eclipses collecting more than 250
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hours of highresolution videos of the
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sun's atmosphere. Before Prober 3, a
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solar eclipse seen from Earth was the
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best way to see the sun's inner corona.
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See, when the moon blocks out the sun's
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direct light, scientists can capture
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details in the solar atmosphere around
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the sun. The problem is total solar
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eclipses only happen on average once
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every 18 months or so. And when they do
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happen, totality, that's when the moon
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totally blocks out the sun, usually only
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lasts for a few minutes at most. So, the
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observations by Prober 3, amounts to the
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same amount of observing time as 5,000
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solar eclipse campaigns on Earth. This
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is the first time astronomers have been
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able to carefully track how material
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from the sun moves through the inner
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corona where space weather is born. For
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around 5 hours at a time, the occult
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spacecraft acts like an artificial moon,
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blocking out the sun's direct light. So
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the other spacecraft, the chronograph,
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can see the sun's corona. And Proer 3's
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chronograph instrument can see down to
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70,000 km above the sun's surface.
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That's 1/10enth of the sun's radius. No
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other space-based chronograph can
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observe the light scattering off
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particles in the sun's corona this close
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to the solar surface. The instrument
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takes one or two images a minute. These
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are then combined into videos that
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reveal never before seen movement in the
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hard to observe inner corona. Isis
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Prober 3 project scientist Joe Zender
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says these sorts of intricate movements
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have never previously been observed in
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optical wavelengths so low in the sun's
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inner corona. Sender says probe 3 can
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track how the solar wind speeds up
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through the sun, showing speeds and
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accelerations that are surprising
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scientists. Just like wind here on
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Earth, the solar wind can be fast or
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slow, smooth or gusty. A fast solar wind
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usually flows in smooth currents from
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magnetic structures called coronal
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holes. In contrast, slow solar winds are
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variable and gusty, making understanding
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how it all works more difficult.
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Scientists think the slow solar wind is
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generated by the sun's magnetic field
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lines, changing how they connect, merge,
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and separate. This process pushes out
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blobs of plasma in large bright rays in
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the corona called streamers. In the
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inner corona, a region difficult to
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observe, astronomers saw slow solar wind
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gusts moving three or four times faster
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than expected. Previously, scientists
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had found that close to the sun's
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surface, the solar wind should have been
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traveling at speeds of around 100 km/s.
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but instead they track some of these
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blobs of plasma moving at between 250
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and 500 kilometers a second. Overall,
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the wide range of speeds, accelerations,
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and movement directions in the data
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explain why the slow solar wind is so
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hard to understand. It's naturally not
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uniform, involving lots of smallcale
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structures in the sun's magnetic field,
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which astronomers can now see thanks to
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Proverb 3. The discovery comes just
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weeks after contact was reestablished
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with one of the spacecraft which had
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suddenly gone silent following an
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onboard glitch, the cause of which is
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still being investigated. Zender says
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this first data set is just the
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beginning of a much longer journey to
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fully understand what's happening in the
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sun. Most of the data collected by
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Proverb 3 so far is yet to be analyzed.
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Key open questions yet to be answered
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include finding out exactly what
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accelerates the solar wind, how the sun
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flings out material in coronal mass
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ejections, and why the solar corona is
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so much hotter than the surface of the
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sun. After all, things are supposed to
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get cooler the further away you get from
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the heat source. This report on the
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brilliance of the prob 3 mission from
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TV.
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>> During a solar eclipse, the Earth is
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plunged into darkness and the sun's
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ghostly atmosphere becomes visible. But
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what exactly causes solar eclipses? And
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how do scientists create their own
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artificial solar eclipses? And how will
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our mission prob 3 generate artificial
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solar eclipses on demand? Let's find
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out. So, how do solar eclipses happen?
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The answer is simple. It's when the sun,
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moon, and earth are perfectly aligned
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and the moon covers the entire disc of
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the sun. The fact that solar eclipses
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happen at all is a cosmic coincidence.
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It just so happens that the sun is 400
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times bigger than our moon, but also 400
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times further away. So, the two bodies
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look the same size in our sky.
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Solar eclipses are extremely valuable
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because they allow scientists to study
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the sun's atmosphere, also known as the
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solar corona. Scientists are
10:08
particularly interested in this region
10:09
of the sun because it's the source of
10:11
solar wind and space weather which can
10:13
impact satellites and Earth. These
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effects are especially noticeable during
10:18
coronal mass ejections. Enormous bubbles
10:21
of superheated gas ejected from the sun.
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The solar corona is a million times
10:26
fainter than the sun's surface. So the
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light from the solar disc needs to be
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blocked in order to see it. This is why
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eclipses are ideal for studying this
10:35
region. and scientists trek all over the
10:37
world to see them.
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Unfortunately though, solar eclipses are
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a rare phenomenon occurring only for a
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few minutes every 18 months or so. But
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how do we know anything about the solar
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corona given that eclipses occur so
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rarely? Scientists use coronagraphs,
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special telescopes that use a disc to
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block the sun's bright surface. In other
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words, a coronagraph produces an
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artificial solar eclipse
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>> and liftoff of SOHO.
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>> Coronographs are not only used on the
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ground but also in space. Previous sun
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observing missions such as SOHO
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incorporate coronagraphs to study the
11:15
corona, but their effectiveness is
11:17
limited. Mimicking a real solar eclipse
11:20
is difficult.
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When using a coronagraph, light spills
11:24
around the edge of the disc, distorting
11:26
the view we get. The best way to
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minimize this spillover stray light is
11:30
to move the disc further away from the
11:32
telescope lens. But how much further
11:35
away? Approximately
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150 m. The length of 1 and 1/2 football
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pitches. And sending something that big
11:43
into space is just not a practical idea.
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So how can we create a perfect
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artificial solar eclipse in space? This
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is where our Robbo 3 mission comes in.
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Instead of relying on a single
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impractically long coronagraph, Proer 3
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consists of two spacecraft, a camera
12:02
satellite and a disc satellite. They fly
12:05
together so precisely that they operate
12:07
like a single coronagraph around 150 m
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long.
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One spacecraft block the sun creating an
12:15
artificial eclipse while the other
12:17
observed the sun. To make this possible,
12:20
the two spacecraft have to stay
12:22
positioned with millimeter scale
12:24
accuracy to create artificial solar
12:26
eclipses on demand, significantly
12:29
advancing our understanding of this
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mysterious region.
12:32
>> This is spacetime. Still to come, the
12:36
Dreamchaser space plane Tenacity
12:37
completes a major acoustic test
12:39
milestone for NASA. And later in the
12:41
science report, engineers and scientists
12:44
looking at ways to save Venice from the
12:46
threat of rising sea levels. All that
12:48
and more still to come on Spaceime.
13:07
The Sierra Space Dreamchaser space plane
13:09
Tenacity has just completed launch
13:11
acoustic testing at NASA's space systems
13:14
processing facility. The key milestone
13:16
event validates the vehicle's ability to
13:19
withstand the intense vibrations
13:21
produced during launch. The test in a
13:23
speciallyesed hanger at the Kennedy
13:25
Space Center in Florida uses an array of
13:27
90 stacked giant speakers to simulate
13:30
the sounds and vibrations experienced
13:32
during blastoff. The Dreamchaser space
13:35
plane was positioned at the center of
13:36
the test setup with its wings stowed,
13:38
mirroring the configuration it would
13:40
have when it's mounted inside the 5 m
13:42
payload fairing during an actual launch.
13:45
The successful test validated the
13:47
durability of DreamChaser's critical
13:49
electronic systems and confirmed the
13:51
structural integrity of the spacecraft.
13:53
So, Dreamchaser has now achieved several
13:56
key milestones, including EMI and EMC
13:59
testing, high-speed towe testing, and
14:02
post landing recovery rehearsals. It's
14:04
also demonstrated command and telemetry
14:07
capabilities with mission control using
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NASA's tracking and data relay satellite
14:11
system. With the acoustic testing now
14:13
complete in Florida, Dreamchas has been
14:15
transported back to Colorado for final
14:17
modifications and mission specific
14:19
upgrades. Sir Space Dreamchaser program
14:22
manager Dan Polus says it's a key step
14:25
in getting the spacecraft ready for
14:27
flight. Now NASA's slated Dreamchaser's
14:30
tenacity for initial six missions, its
14:33
first possibly later this year. That
14:36
45-day flight won't visit the
14:37
International Space Station, but instead
14:39
undertake low Earth orbit testing.
14:42
Although originally designed to carry
14:44
crews of up to seven to the
14:45
International Space Station, the
14:47
reusable wing space plane will only be
14:48
used by NASA to transport cargo and
14:51
supplies to and from the orbiting
14:52
outpost as part of NASA's commercial
14:54
resupply services to contract. Dreamchas
14:57
is capable of carrying 5,000 kg of
15:00
pressurized, 500 kg of unpressurized
15:03
cargo during the ascent phase on its
15:05
uphill climb to the space station. And
15:07
on its return to Earth, it can carry up
15:09
to 1,750 kg of cargo and returned
15:13
experiments. But the spacecraft is
15:15
designed to be fitted with an expendable
15:17
pressurized cargo module called Shooting
15:19
Star attached aft that'll increase its
15:21
cargo capacity by an additional 4,500
15:24
kg. Right now, Dream Chase is designed
15:27
to fly aboard a United Launch Alliance
15:29
Vulcan Central rocket. After docking
15:31
with the orbiting outpost and completing
15:33
its mission, it'll then return to Earth,
15:35
gliding to a soft landing on the former
15:37
Space Shuttle runway at the Kennedy
15:39
Space Center with Tenacity completing
15:41
the final stages of its development
15:43
before being handed over to NASA.
15:45
Serious Space are now building a second
15:47
Dreamchaser, this one named Reverence.
15:49
And there are plans for a specialized
15:51
third Dreamchaser as well, but that'll
15:54
be part of a classified national
15:55
security contract, so no details are
15:57
being released. There's even the
15:59
possibility of a fourth Dreamchaser.
16:01
This one for the European Space Agency,
16:03
specifically modified for launch aboard
16:05
an Aran 6 rocket. Exciting times ahead.
16:09
This is spaceime.
16:26
And time now to take another brief look
16:28
at some of the other stories making news
16:29
in science this week with a science
16:31
report. Scientists say long-term HIV
16:35
remission has been achieved in a patient
16:37
following a stem cell transplant from a
16:39
sibling carrying a specific genetic
16:41
mutation. A report in the journal Nature
16:43
says the 63-year-old man was diagnosed
16:46
with HIV1 subtype B back in 2006 when he
16:49
was aged 44. In 2020, he received a stem
16:53
cell transplant from a sibling with a
16:55
CCR5 delta 32 mutation to treat a type
16:58
of blood cancer. Over time, the donor
17:01
cells were found to replace the patients
17:03
own immune cells in blood, bone marrow,
17:05
and gut tissues. Analysis of biopsies
17:08
taken two years after the transplant
17:10
showed no HIV genetic material
17:12
integrated into the DNA of the man's
17:14
infected cells in blood or gut samples.
17:17
And further analysis of the man cells
17:19
showed no virus capable of multiplying.
17:22
The human immuno deficiency virus HIV
17:25
attacks the immune system causing
17:27
acquired immune deficiency syndrome or
17:29
AIDS which allows opportunistic diseases
17:32
normally easily combed by the body to
17:34
take hold and eventually kill the
17:36
patient. The World Health Organization
17:38
says since first being identified back
17:40
in 1981, AIDS has killed over 44 million
17:44
people globally and infected up to 115
17:47
million others with 1.3 million new
17:49
infections occurring annually. HIV is
17:53
transmitted through body fluids.
17:55
Although there is no cure, it can be
17:57
controlled using a combination of
17:59
complex drug cocktails.
18:02
Engineers and scientists have selected
18:04
four potential strategies for trying to
18:06
save the city of Venice from rising sea
18:09
levels. The findings published in the
18:11
journal Scientific Reports looked at
18:13
movable barriers, ring dikes, closing
18:16
the Venetian lagoon, or relocating the
18:18
entire city as potential strategies. The
18:21
authors say adding additional measures
18:23
to the current movable barrier system
18:25
could be effective against sea level
18:26
rises up to 1.25 m. They use localized
18:30
sea level rise projections over the next
18:32
300 years based on the IPCC 6th
18:35
assessment report to examine both the
18:37
existing and potential new adaption
18:39
strategies for saving Venice. They
18:41
investigated protecting the center of
18:43
Venice with dikes that would separate it
18:45
from the rest of the lagoon. closing the
18:47
entire lagoon with a super levy or
18:49
relocating the city, its residents and
18:52
historic landmarks in land. According to
18:54
the authors, relocation of the entire
18:56
city could be necessary under the very
18:59
high emission scenario with 4.5 me sea
19:02
level rise, which is projected to occur
19:04
after the year 2300.
19:07
A new study has warned that half of all
19:10
health and medical questions supplied by
19:12
five artificial intelligence chatbots
19:14
are problematic. The findings reported
19:17
in the British Medical Journal follow a
19:19
test in which Gemini, Deep Seek, Meta
19:21
AI, Chat GPT, and Grock were challenged
19:25
to answer 10 open-ended and closed
19:27
questions in each of five categories:
19:29
cancer, vaccines, stem cells, nutrition,
19:32
and athletic performance. The prompts
19:35
were designed to be similar to common
19:36
information seeking health and medical
19:38
queries, and misinformation tropes. And
19:41
the authors found half of the responses
19:43
were problematic. 30% somewhat and 20%
19:45
highly concerning. They found the
19:48
quality of the responses didn't differ
19:50
among chatbots, but Grock generated more
19:52
highly problematic responses than
19:54
expected, while Gemini generated the
19:56
fewest. The chatbots appear to perform
19:58
best in areas of vaccines and cancer and
20:01
worst in areas of stem cells, athletic
20:03
performance, and nutrition.
20:06
Well, there's growing talk in technology
20:08
circles about the next big revolution in
20:10
communications, the 6G network. 6G, the
20:13
upcoming sixth generation cellular
20:15
network technology, is expected to
20:17
launch commercially by around 2030.
20:20
Promising speeds of up to a terabyte per
20:22
second, which is 100 times faster than
20:24
5G and a thousand times faster than most
20:26
current home internet systems, along
20:28
with near zero latency. 6G will focus on
20:32
integrating artificial intelligence
20:34
native technology, advanced sensing and
20:36
expanded connectivity to include
20:38
satellite networks, enabling
20:39
applications like holographic
20:41
communications, precise digital twins,
20:43
and autonomous drone fleets. With the
20:46
details, we're joined by technology
20:47
editor Alex Sahara from tech
20:50
advice.life.
20:51
>> This is still at least a good couple of
20:53
years away from being launched. Normally
20:55
there's 10 years between each generation
20:57
and the 2020 was meant to be when 5G
21:01
started. But we had 5G from about 2018
21:04
because it was in time for the Olympics
21:06
in South Korea at the time. The Olympics
21:08
is great for new TV sales and obviously
21:11
with being able to transmit high amounts
21:14
of data then you know from far-flung
21:16
places. Now we take all this for granted
21:18
these days but when 5G was first being
21:20
announced there were lots of promises
21:21
that you would have much better
21:22
connectivity at the edge and uh we have
21:25
faster speeds and I noticed that 5G you
21:28
know had a dirty little secret which was
21:30
that 4G could be faster many times than
21:32
5G and uh I was always amazed that you
21:34
know I could connect to the 4G network
21:36
and do a speed test and get faster
21:37
speeds but part of the appeal of 6G is
21:41
that it's going to be better than 5G. So
21:42
what does that mean exactly? Well, in
21:45
this case, you've got artificial
21:46
intelligence being integrated into the
21:48
network core. So, you you're going to
21:50
have what they call native wireless
21:53
sensing capabilities for environment
21:55
mapping. And they're going to be using
21:56
higher frequency bands. When they use
21:58
higher frequency bands, that's when you
21:59
can get much faster data speeds. So, you
22:02
can really send huge amounts of data.
22:04
And we had this with 5G with millimeter
22:06
wave. You had to be effectively right
22:08
next to the tower to be able to get
22:09
those speeds. and the signal could be
22:12
stopped by the glass in your window. So,
22:15
there's still a lot of work to do to
22:16
make sure that those higher bandwidths
22:19
can be widely propagated. And given the
22:21
fact that they're at these higher
22:22
frequencies, that's a problem. You know,
22:24
part of the good thing about 3G was that
22:26
it could operate on 750 megahertz of
22:29
bandwidth. And that's the same sort of
22:30
frequency that TV antenna signals come
22:33
through to your house. They have to go
22:35
through the house if you have one of the
22:36
rabbit ears. And there's a lot of talk
22:38
about 60 at the moment. I mean the
22:40
standard hasn't finally been finished
22:42
and after the the debacle of 5G not
22:44
really being much better than 4G a bit
22:46
of a overpromising and undelivering sort
22:48
of situation and with plenty of places
22:50
still you know not rolling out 5G
22:51
networks as big as the 4G networks I
22:53
mean we have 2G gone in many countries
22:55
but not all we have 3G gone in Australia
22:58
but not in other countries and uh 4G and
23:01
5G will be with us for some time yet and
23:03
6G I mean there may be some early
23:05
announcements in 2028 2029 new early
23:08
devices that have it But it's going to
23:10
take several years. It won't be until
23:11
2035 that 6G handsets will be totally
23:14
commonplace and that people will be
23:16
using those networks. And we're yet to
23:17
truly see how AI can help with
23:20
propagating the signal and ensuring you
23:22
get a better and stronger signal. So,
23:24
great news for the telco industry and
23:26
the phone companies. They'll have
23:27
something new to sell new equipment to
23:28
the phone companies, new handsets to us.
23:30
But at the moment, it's still in the
23:32
minds of buffins as to how they're
23:33
really going to make it all happen. And
23:34
there are plenty of developments from
23:36
Huawei and Ericson and Nokia and others,
23:38
but none of them have equipment ready to
23:39
sell yet. And it's all still in the hype
23:42
phase.
23:42
>> That's Alex Sahara from techadvice.life
23:46
and this is spacetime.
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And that's the show for now. Spacetime
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>> You've been listening to Spacetime with
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