Transcript

9.2.25 · Washington Post

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Speaker 1: Welcome to the reading of the Washington Post for Tuesday,
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September second, twenty twenty five. As a reminder, RADIOI is
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a reading service intended for people who are blind or
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have other disabilities that make it difficult to read printed material.
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Your reader for today is Cindy Fraser. Today's front page
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headlines from The Washington Post are at summit g calls
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for economic integration. China's president urges twenty other leaders to
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help build quote multipolar world our next headline, and Trump's
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quest for more power A test for High Court where
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will justices draw the lines. President's claims over tariffs, AID
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and FED at issue Next. Trump cuts to satellites may
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affect weather prediction. The Administration plans to end missions tracking
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carbon dioxide pollution our next headline. In a streaming world,
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some still shop iTunes store. Next, Recruits line up at
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Texas event for ice hiring blitz. Former law enforcement military
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members among those eager to sign up. And the final
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headline from to day's front page. An answer to food
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waste maggots billions of maggots. Burgeoning industry turns to insects,
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natural recycling abilities to mitigate environmental damage Now Let's turn
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to our first item entitled at Summit, g calls for
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economic integration. China's president urges twenty other leaders to help
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build quote multipolar world by Christian Shepherd from Chanjin, China.
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Chinese leader Jijinping on Monday called on leaders of countries
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including Russia, Iran, and India to integrate their economies and
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build an quote orderly, multipolar world, as he tried to
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unite them in their shared grievances with the US led
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global order and the policies of President Donald Trump. G
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used the platform of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization's summit here
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ninety miles southeast of Beijing, to implicitly criticize Trump's policies
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without naming him or mentioning the United States. He urged
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the twenty foreign leaders in attendance to seek integration, not decoupling,
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and unequivocally opposed power politics. Member countries should serve as
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a cornerstone for the promotion of a multipolar world and
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join a China led global governance initiative, he said in
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closing remarks after a day in which leaders put on
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shows of chumminess and met for private talks on the
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sidelines of the mostly scripted event. The Chinese leader's new
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initiative will help provide stability at a time of rising
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turbulence and end the monopoly of global governance by some countries,
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Minister Wang Yee said in a news briefing Monday night.
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After she's remarks, she held a bilateral meeting with India's
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Narenda Modi on Sunday and will hold a one on
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one with Vladimir Putin of Russia on Tuesday. The three
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were filmed holding hands and smiling as they chatted on Monday.
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She also proposed deepening economic ties to take advantage of
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the group's mega sized market, including establishing an SEO Development Bank.
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China has already invested eighty four billion dollars in member
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countries and would provide another one point four billion dollars
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in loans over the next three years. He said. The
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form is a key part of China's campaign to be
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seen as a reliable partner and a counterweight to US
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unpredictability in an increasingly multipolar world. Modi's attendance, in particular,
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his first visit to the country in seven years, is
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a milestone in Beijing's attempt to men ties with India,
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an influential US partner that has been alienated by Trump's terraces.
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For now, the grouping is primarily united in a sense
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of agreement with the US rather than a sense of
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common purpose, said Carla Freeman, director of the Foreign Policy
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Institute at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies.
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These are big countries with their own agendas, but the
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ceremonies are as much about optics as about deals. Many
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of the dignitaries will stay on for a huge military
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parade in Beijing this week to mark the eightieth anniversary
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of victory in World War II. North Korean leader Kim
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Jong un, despite not attending in Tianjin, is expected to
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join Putin and Ji on the rostrum overlooking Tieneman Square
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for Wednesday's parade. Originally founded by China and Russia in
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two thousand and one to cooperate on Central Asian militant threats,
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the SEO has taken on a broader economic and security
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mandate in recent yus attracting leaders from across Asia. Its
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annual meetings have become an important venue for Beijing and
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Moscow to jointly reshape international norms. Despite deep divisions among members,
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Trump's unpredictable policies have helped create a coalition of like
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minded countries against the US, said Klaus Sung, an analyst
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at the Mercader Institute for China Studies, a think tank
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based in Berlin. Alongside the Bricks Economic Group of Brazil, Russia, India, China,
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South Africa and others, the SEO has become central to
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Beijing's message that the West is not the dominating power
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or the sole answer. Sung said, it's a highly political message,
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even if the meeting in Tanjin achieves little. Annalusts said
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that simply attending can be valuable for autocratic governments and
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leaders such as Putin and Iranian President Masud Pezeshkian, to
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show they are not isolated despite Western sanctions. Putin used
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the summit to burnish Russia's image as an important global power,
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blaming the West for the war in Ukraine and airing
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historically revisionist statements to explain the causes of the conflict.
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In a speech at the meeting of SEO member states
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on Monday, Putin repeated his claim that the root causes
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of the crisis must be removed, meaning turning Ukraine into
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a Russian client state so that peace can be achieved.
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The form was not founded to oppose Washington, said Xu Yungbao,
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an international relations scholar at Lanzu University in northwest China.
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But tromp's trade and foreign policies have contributed to global
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instability that is driving the group closer together. There is
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significant instability in the region and internationally, whether it's the
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Russia Ukraine conflict or the situation in the Middle East.
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Virtually all nations now have more secure concerns. Zeus said.
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The block has grown from its original six countries to
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ten full members. The expansion began with countries on China's borders.
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India and Pakistan joined in twenty seventeen, but it is
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since shifted farther west. Belaries became a full member last year.
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Laos officially joined the SEO on Monday, bringing the number
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of states in the group to twenty seven. It has
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also shifted focus away from border security into broader economic
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deal making and visions of an alternative world order. Chianjin
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was chosen as host city this year in part because
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a pioneered the state backed Luban workshops that have become
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a tool of Chinese influence under Ji's trillion dollar Belton
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Road Infrastructure and Investment initiative, China likes to emphasize the
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seo's reach. State media has highlighted that the grouping accounts
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for about a quarter of the global economy and forty
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percent of the world's population, but its members remained divided
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by long standing rivalries that the yearly confabs have made
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little progress toward resolving. On Sunday, Ji endorsed the applications
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for full membership of the South Caucus neighbors Azerbaijan and Armenia,
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which last month at the White House signed a framework
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to normalize relations after a decades long conflict. In an
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act of careful diplomatic balancing, Modi visited Japan, another member
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of the Quadrilateral Security Dialog, which also includes Australia and
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the United States, before coming to chian Zin. He will
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skip the parade and its display of Chinese made weapons,
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some of which have been used by Pakistan in the
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conflict between the two rivals. In May, Ji and Mody
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hailed their country's warming ties and a meeting Sunday, but
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the differences in the two sides readouts hinted at lingering disagreements.
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While Gi said that border tentions, which eased last year
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after bloody clashes in twenty twenty, should not define the
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overall relationship. Moti stress that peace and tranquility on the
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border was necessary for better relations. Modi also said that
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the relationship should not be seen through a third country lens,
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probably of reference to Beijing's efforts to exploit tensions with Trump.
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Afghanistan's absence is another example of the group's limits. It
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has been an observer member since twenty twelve, and China
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was a first country to accept a Taliban appointed ambassador,
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but the Taliban were left out of this year's gathering,
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probably thanks to US and UN sanctions that prevent its
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leaders from traveling internationally. Beijing itself rejects the idea that
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the grouping should develop into a formal block. Instead, it
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casts the group as expanding the international influence of non
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Western countries. At the SEO meeting, Modi also said that
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he expects Putin to visit India in December. I and
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one point four billion Indians are looking forward to your
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visit to India in December this year for a twenty
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third Annual Summit, Modi said at a meeting with Putin
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on the summit's sidelines. Zu the Lanzhau University scholar, described
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its function as more like a safe space for governments
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such as Iran to receive moral support and public sympathy.
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But even if the organization is just a talk shop
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for now, it allows China to be magnanimous and win
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friends and influence people, said Freeman. The s a I
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S scholar Jijin Ping sees that as important opportunity to
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promote his vision for a different global order. Lyric li
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and Seoul, Rudy Liu and Taipei, Taiwan, and Francesca abel
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In Warsaw contributed to this report. Our next item from
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to Day's front page is entitled in Trump's Quest for
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more Power, a test for High Court, where will justices
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draw the lines President's claims over tariffs aid and fed
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at issue by justin Juvenal. The Supreme Court has already
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expanded President Donald Trump's authority in a string of emergency rulings,
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but in his firing a Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook
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and other issues probably headed to the Court, he's signaling
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that he continues to seek broader powers for the executive branch.
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The cases could serve as major tests of how much
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further the nation's High Court is willing to go to
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bless the president's assertion of executive authority. They differ from
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previous showdowns because of the sheer magnitude of the authority
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Trump is seeking to wield, and because he wants greater
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control overpowers the Constitution ascribes to another branch of government.
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In addition to Cook's case, which could make its way
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to the High Court after she sued last week, a
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blockbuster case over Trump's tariffs is expected to arrive at
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the Supreme Court soon after an appeals court struck them down.
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The Trump administration's pushed to withhold tens of billions of
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dollars in foreign aid appropriated by Congress could also end
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up in the court. Peter Shane, a law professor at
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New York University, called Trump's assertions breathtaking. Other presidents have
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tried to use their authority aggressively, but usually it's been
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done through aggressive interpretations of statutory law and in a
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pretty targeted way, Shane said. Each of the presidential powers
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being contested by Trump, he said, is a challenge to
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what I think heretofore would have been regarded as a
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core power of Congress. The High Court has already signaled
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openness to broad presidential authority to replace some heads of
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independent agencies. The Justices handed Trump a major victory in
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May when they allowed him to remove the leaders of
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the National Labor Relations Board and the Merit System's Protection Board.
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While legal challenges play out over their firings, Trump gave
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no reasons for the dismissals. The Court's conservative majority ruled
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that the Constitution vests all executive power in the president,
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so Trump could fire the agency heads without cause, even
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though Congress set up the agencies to be insulated from
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political interference. But the Justices drew a red line around
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one agency, the Federal Reserve, which was created by Congress
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to operate independently of the president so it can set
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interest rates based on economic conditions, not political pressure. The
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Justices indicated that its governors probably could be removed only
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for cause. Trump is testing that red line in his
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firing of Cook, making him the first president in the
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one hundred eleven year history of the agency to try
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to oust one of the seven governors who help set
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u S monetary policy. Trump said he was firing Cook
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for quotes sufficient cause, alleging she made false statements on
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mortgage applications in twenty twenty one, before she was nominated
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to the FED by President Joe Biden. Trump officials have
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since made additional allegations. Cook called her removal unprecedented and illegal,
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and a pretext to allow Trump to cobble together a
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FED board that will accede to his wishes for lower
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interest rates. A federal judge heard Cook's request for an
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injunction Friday, but was not expected to make a decision
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until after Labor Day. The legal battle over Cook's firing
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is likely to turn on how courts interpret for cause,
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a phrase not defined in the law creating the FED
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and one that has never been litigated before. Duke University
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law professor H. Jefferson Powell said there is also a
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procedural question. Does Trump have to establish up front in
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some clear way that he knows she did something that
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gives him for cause removal bases, or can he just
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go ahead and remover Trump officials said in filings in
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Cook's case that the court should be quote highly deferential
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to the President's determination of cause and not second guess
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as rationale. In the second case over most of Trump's tariffs,
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an appeals court last week found that the levies on
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foreign goods were illegal, but stayed its ruling for now.
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Trump has indicated that an appeal to the Supreme Court
15:27
is coming. The sweeping tariffs are the main feature of
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Trump's trade war. He has called them necessary to restore
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America's manufacturing base and save jobs, but they have unnerved
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investors and created uncertainty for consumers and businesses. Trump began
15:44
imposing tariffs in February, declaring emergencies under the International Emergency
15:49
Economic Powers Act or iee PA. The law allows the
15:54
president to take actions on trade in response to foreign threats,
15:58
but Trump is a first to use it to assert
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virtually unlimited authority to impose tariffs. Congress has delegated limited
16:06
authority to the president to enact tariffs, but the Constitution
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gives the legislature the power to levy taxes on imports.
16:14
The President in February announced levies of ten to twenty
16:17
five percent on goods from China, Mexico, and Canada, accusing
16:22
those countries of failing to stem the flow a fetanyel
16:25
and other illegal drugs into the United States. In April,
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Trump imposed a universal ten percent import tax on all
16:33
trading partners and higher rates on roughly sixty countries, dubbing
16:37
it Liberation Day. Trump wrote in his executive order on
16:42
the latter teriffs that quote large and persistent u S
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trade deficits constitute quote an unusual and extraordinary threat to
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the national security and economy of the United States. A
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handful of small businesses in groups of states filed separate
16:58
lawsuits against the tariffs in April, saying they would cause
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widespread economic harm. The small businesses called Trump's imposition of
17:06
tariffs and illegal power grab. The US Court of Appeals
17:10
for the Federal Circuit ruled Friday that the law did
17:13
not give Trump that power. The statute bestowed significant authority
17:18
in the president to undertake a number of actions in
17:21
response to a declared national emergency, but none of these
17:25
actions explicitly include the power to impose tariffs, duties or
17:30
the like, or the power to tax, the majority wrote
17:33
in the ruling. The third case on whether the Trump
17:37
administration can freeze billions in foreign aid is part of
17:41
a long running legal standoff that is reaching ahead because
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the funds budgeted by Congress are set to begin expiring
17:48
at the end of the fiscal year in September. As
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one of his first acts in office, in January, Trump
17:54
announced a wholesale pause on foreign aid, saying it was
17:58
not in keeping with American interest or values. International aid
18:02
groups sued, saying the block would cause a humanitarian crisis
18:07
and was a violation of the separation of powers since
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the Constitution gives Congress the power of the purse. U s.
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District Judge a mere H Ali found in February that
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Trump did not have the authority to withhold money and
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ordered it restarted. A fierce legal battle followed over whether
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Trump officials were complying with the order. This month, a
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panel of Appeals Court judges blocked Ali's injunction, saying the
18:34
plaintiffs didn't have standing to sue, but the full Appeals
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Court did not allow that order to take effect while
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it considered whether to rehear the case that prompted the
18:44
Trump administration to ask the Supreme Court to step in
18:47
to block Ali's order. The Appeals Court ultimately declined to
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rehear the case, but sent it back to Ali, leaving
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open the possibility that the legal fight could continue and
18:59
the aid groups could seek a new injunction on the
19:01
aid freeze. That means the case could once again wend
19:06
its way back to the Supreme Court in the coming days,
19:09
setting up a showdown over Trump's authority to impound funds. Separately,
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the Trump administration moved last week to use a little
19:18
tested tactic known as pocket recission, to unilaterally cancel about
19:23
five billion dollars of the foreign aid without congressional approval.
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Democratic and Republican leaders question the legality of the move,
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and it could spark additional legal challenges. Lauren Bateman, an
19:37
attorney for plaintiffs in the foreign aid case, contends that
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it was always the administration's intent to run out the
19:43
clock and allow those funds to expire against the wishes
19:47
of Congress. The administration's affronts to the rule of law
19:51
are staggering and all to withhold aid from the most
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vulnerable people in the world, Bateman said in a statement.
20:00
Next and I have been titled Trump cuts to satellites
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may affect weather prediction. The administration plans to end missions
20:09
tracking carbon dioxide pollution by Scott Dance two satellite instruments
20:15
that track Earth's carbon dioxide levels will soon go off line,
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deemed beyond their primary mission. Two others meant to monitor
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water contamination and air pollution, including from greenhouse gases, will
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be removed from a future satellite mission based on orders
20:31
to deliver a weather only instrument manifest. The Trump administration
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is scrapping satellite observations of Earth that official say go
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beyond the essential task of predicting the weather, according to
20:43
budget documents that outline plans to reshape government research. In
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doing so, meteorologists and climate scientists say it is drawing
20:52
a line between what is weather and thus warrants government investment,
20:56
and what is climate. For example, language in the National
21:00
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration budget calls for preserving funding for
21:05
the National Weather Service while slashing anything tied to climate change,
21:10
limiting government investment to research that is more directly related
21:14
to the NOAH mission. It echoed a call in the
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Republican policy playbook Project twenty twenty five to dismantle climate research,
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which the report said drives the climate change alarm industry
21:27
while continuing to improve weather forecasting accuracy. But scientists say
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there is no such division between weather and climate, and
21:36
that losing climate data will actually hurt weather forecasting. This
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is a complete fallacy weather versus climate. It is one
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and the same, said Lars Peter Resurgard, director of the
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Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center at the University of Maryland.
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As much as politicians seek to separate the two, resource
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Guard said the Earth system is rapid together in his intricacy,
22:01
in ways that do not align with any particular political agenda.
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NOAH spokeswoman Kim Dowster did not answer questions about the
22:10
status of the instruments, but said the agency is prioritizing
22:14
next gen weather and Earth's observation capabilities. Noah's mission includes
22:19
understanding and predicting changes to climate, weather, and the oceans,
22:23
and conserving marine ecosystems and fisheries. Scientists have long made
22:29
a distinction between weather and climate. When asked if specific
22:32
extreme weather events can be tied to climate change, weather,
22:36
they explained, is what is happening outside our windows, changing
22:40
by the day and by the hour as atmospheric forces interact. Climate,
22:45
on the other hand, is a long term average of weather,
22:48
defining the range of expected weather in a given location
22:52
on a given day, but As climate changes with the
22:55
warming of the planet, the consequence of fossil fuel emissions
22:59
and the green house effect, the range of possible weather
23:02
extremes is changing too. Satellite tools currently in space and
23:07
those planned for future missions are meant to help scientists
23:11
track those changes and understand how they are creating new
23:14
weather hazards that could harm human health and valuable fisheries.
23:20
One set of instruments has been measuring carbon dioxide concentrations
23:23
from space for the past decade, giving a new level
23:27
of detail about how fast they are rising and how
23:30
they vary around the globe. Carbon dioxide is the main
23:34
driver of Earth's warming over the past century and a half,
23:37
and concentrations have surged faster than at any time in
23:41
human history. But the Trump administration's budget request for NASA
23:46
calls the Orbiting Carbon Observatory instruments two climate missions beyond
23:50
their prime mission that it says will end during the
23:53
current federal fiscal year, which ends next month. NASA spokeswomen
23:57
share A Warner declined to comment on this status of
24:00
the missions, saying it would be inappropriate because a budget
24:04
has not been enacted. Two other instruments had been planned
24:08
as part of GEOXO, a satellite program being designed to
24:12
replace the goes are series satellites which keep a constant
24:17
eye on the contiguous United States in a geosynchronous orbit.
24:21
One known as the Atmosphere Composition Instrument, would have tracked
24:25
air pollution by the hour, with the goal of improving
24:29
air quality forecasts. The other, called the Ocean Color Instrument,
24:33
would have observed coastal waters and the Great Lakes to
24:36
improve forecasts used for recreation and commercial fishing. Climate change
24:42
has made such observations more important. Trump administration critics said
24:47
as warming makes wildfires more frequent and intense. Smoke has
24:52
in recent years become a health hazard for more than
24:54
just the American West, for example, and warming waters are
24:58
affecting commercial fishing and exacerbating the threat of toxic algel blooms.
25:04
But the Trump administration is eliminating both instruments from the
25:08
GEOXO program, citing cost concerns and a desire to cut
25:12
climate research. An internal NASA presentation shared in August and
25:17
obtained by the Washington Posts lists the Atmospheric Composition Instrument
25:21
as to be terminated and the Ocean Color Instrument as
25:25
intermination process based on a directive to deliver a weather
25:30
only instrument manifest aboard the twelve billion dollars for satellite mission.
25:35
CNN first reported the cuts. BAE Systems is contracted for
25:41
both instruments. BAE spokesman Sawyer Dargonne referred the posts to
25:46
NOAH for comment on the status of its contracts. By
25:50
modernizing the GEOXO suite of satellites and prioritizing gold standard
25:54
weather data, NOAH is streamlining data collection and optimizing our
25:59
weather monitoring and safety capabilities to continue providing Americans with
26:03
the most advanced, accurate weather models. NOAH spokeswoman Doster added
26:09
Lockkeep Martin is a prime contractor for the GEOXO program
26:13
and an instrument known as a next Generation Lightning mapper.
26:17
Spokeswoman Caitlin Gartland said the company is working on streamlining
26:20
the project, working with NASA and NOAH to drive significant
26:25
cost savings, optimize efficiency, and align with the administration's plans
26:30
for our nation's weather monitoring and safety capabilities. But Monica Medina,
26:35
who served as noah's Principal Deputy Under Secretary for Oceans
26:38
and Atmosphere under President Barack Obama, said the cuts would
26:42
have larger impacts on weather forecasting. The weather isn't political,
26:47
the climate isn't political. These are facts that we can
26:51
know and be prepared to deal with or not. Medina said,
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I can't imagine turning off satellites showing there were incoming
26:59
attacks to our country. Why would we turn off the
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satellites that show incoming weather. The cuts follow actions the
27:07
Trump administration has taken to eliminate data that shows the
27:10
extent of how climate change is transforming American life and
27:14
the economy. It took down websites hosting climate research and
27:18
congressionally mandated reports on climate impacts, and said it would
27:22
stop maintaining a list of weather and climate disasters whose
27:26
damage exceeds one billion dollars. It canceled grants for climate
27:30
related research, saying it exaggerated climate threats and contributed to
27:35
quote climate anxiety, and the administration halted work on a
27:39
database that would help predict risks of increasingly extreme rainstorms,
27:44
known as Atlas fifteen. No officials have said work continues
27:48
on an initial phase of the project analyzing flood risks
27:51
across the country, but Doster declined to answer questions on
27:55
the status of a second phase that was intended to
27:58
explore how those risks were rise in the future. In
28:02
some cases, the administration has reversed course on some of
28:05
its decisions amid concern about the effect they could have
28:08
on weather forecasting. Earlier this summer, the Pentagon announced plans
28:13
to stop sharing satellite data that collects microwave based observations
28:17
of Earth as it works to upgrade its satellite technology.
28:21
But after outcry from meteorologists who said the data was
28:25
key in tracking hurricane development through the overnight hours when
28:28
the darkness obscure storms from other kinds of satellite observations,
28:33
Defense officials reversed course last month and said they would
28:36
keep the data flowing into next year. After the US
28:40
DOGE Service thin Weather Service staff through retirements and the
28:45
firing approbationary employees earlier this year, rendering some weather forecasting
28:49
offices unable to maintain twenty four seven operations, no leaders
28:54
petitioned the White House for a hiring freeze exemption. It
28:58
was granted after months of lobbying, and the Weather Service
29:01
has in recent weeks begun posting new positions for hire,
29:06
but the satellite data might prove impossible to replace once
29:10
cut off. Scientists said more than ever, accurate weather prediction
29:15
depends on climate science, said Riso's guard, who center works
29:19
with government satellite agencies on data algorithms, meteorology and climate
29:25
science depend on the same data and to a large extent,
29:29
the same computer models, which are informed by a record
29:32
of satellite data that now goes back nearly fifty years.
29:35
He said, You now cannot do weather prediction without understanding
29:40
the climate. Rousseau's guard said, if you ignore the past,
29:43
it's like you're looking out the window in the morning
29:45
and saying, what's going to happen. Our next item is
29:50
entitled In a streaming world, some still shop iTunes Store
29:55
by Ethan Beck. It was prom night two thousand and
29:58
four and Matt Garve wasn't attending. He owned dozens of
30:02
CDs that needed to be uploaded to his iTunes library.
30:07
A burgeoning music obsessive at an all boys Catholic school
30:10
in Oradelle, New Jersey, Garville had been gifted an iPod
30:14
for graduation. It's the coolest thing imaginable when it first started,
30:19
he told The Washington Post, having like your entire CD
30:23
collections digitized and being able to pick any song or
30:27
album instantaneously and play it as his friends danced to
30:32
Usher and Maroon five. That night, he was ripping Nirvana,
30:36
Blink one eighty two, and nine Inch Nails tracks into
30:39
a meticulously organized MP three library against all odds. He
30:44
still uses iTunes to this day. If Garville was at
30:48
the front of a digital music revolution in high school,
30:52
now he is part of a vanishing rearguard of iTunes loyalists.
30:57
Apples launched his iTunes store the year before his pro
31:00
and it quickly became the most popular way to legally
31:03
download music. By the late two thousands, iTunes gift cards
31:07
were available at seemingly every checkout stand, and Apple was
31:12
earning billions selling tracks for about a dollar each. Then
31:16
the streaming era came along and made downloadable music all
31:20
but obsolete. The iTunes store has largely been supplanted by
31:25
Apple Music and its streaming competitors, which offer millions of
31:28
songs on demand for flat subscription fee. According to the
31:32
twenty twenty five MRI Simmons National Consumer Study, Spotify and
31:37
Apple Music have a combined one hundred and sixteen million
31:40
monthly subscribers in America, more than ten times the approximately
31:45
eleven point one million US adults who bought music on
31:48
the iTunes store in the last month. The holdouts have
31:52
their reasons. Garbl has never liked the idea of renting
31:56
music through a streaming service, but like others, his love
31:59
for iTunes is mixed with the frustrations of using a
32:03
fading technology, not to mention Apple's habit of prodding him
32:07
to join the crowd and start streaming. They're not catering
32:11
to all music fans. They're just trying to push one model,
32:14
Garble said. Luckily iTunes is still working, but they've definitely
32:20
made it more difficult and made me jump through more
32:22
hoops to listen to my music the way I want to.
32:26
Some iTunes fans dislike the overwhelming array of suggestions that
32:30
clutter many streaming platforms, new music, popular music, music for You.
32:36
Others are put off by their relatively measly payments streamers
32:40
give musicians, or balk at the thought of abandoning an
32:44
iTunes library they have stocked with thousands of songs over
32:47
the years. For some, it's much more simple. They're just
32:52
used to what they know. Dan Israelson thirty six, has
32:57
dabbled with streaming apps. Apple Music Rhapsody, Google Play Music, Title,
33:03
Amazon Music, but he eventually returned to iTunes, which is
33:07
used intermittently since twenty thirteen as his primary source for music.
33:13
Intentionally purchasing albums as opposed to streaming whatever an algorithm
33:17
suggests helps him process music more deeply. With the all
33:22
you can eat buffet that is streaming, you can endlessly
33:26
discover new music and quickly rule out music that doesn't
33:29
instantly click with you. Israel Son said he recalled his
33:33
discovery of the alt metal group Tool, which didn't connect
33:37
with him at first, but in time became his favorite band.
33:41
There's something to be said for taking time with a
33:44
specific album and really absorbing it. You may find it
33:48
becomes vastly more impactful to you than something that catches
33:51
you on a first quick stream latter day iTunes users
33:56
are an eclectic mix, as evidenced by an itunes's Top
33:59
Songs chart that resembles the wild West of pop music.
34:03
In recent days, rock, country, and contemporary Christian groups have
34:08
shared space on the chart with outliers like the Canadian
34:11
America nineteen sixties group Buffalo Springfield, New Zealand indie rockers
34:16
The Best and conservative rapper Tom mc donald, whose track
34:20
The Devil is a Democrat hit number one on iTunes
34:23
for several days without making a blip on the major
34:26
Spotify or Billboard charts. Semi siloed as it is, iTunes
34:32
is not immune from the songs of the summer. It's
34:35
impossible to escape K pop demon hunters anywhere at the moment,
34:39
including the iTunes top ten. Some derived iTunes as a
34:44
boom er app not entirely unfairly. Its users tend to
34:48
be older than typical streaming listeners. Eighty one percent of
34:52
adults who bought music on iTunes in the past month
34:55
were thirty five and over. According to the MRI Simmons study,
35:00
a lot of us are just a creature of routine,
35:03
said Chris Styles, a forty five year old d jay
35:06
with a lengthy iTunes library of club classics and party hits.
35:10
Styles can easily import the Traxi downloads into his d
35:14
jang software, while the iTunes top songs chart helps him
35:18
keep up with mini trends and fashionable oldies. COOLi O's
35:22
Gangs to Paradise is especially hot right now, he said.
35:26
As of so many iTunes users, familiarity is what keeps
35:30
Styles coming back in d jang. The guys who are
35:34
part of the transition from vinyl to CD to m
35:36
P three, they're probably still attached to iTunes, he said,
35:41
but in his spare time he admits he puts iTunes
35:44
away and listens to Spotify. It's much the same for
35:48
Dakota Johnson, twenty eight, who works at a dance studio
35:52
in Iowa and isn't the materialists actress because the studio
35:57
has to edit songs down to the second. He uses
36:00
iTunes to soundtrack different routines. Once you pay for that
36:03
individual file, you're free to do with it as you please,
36:07
Johnson said. And yet outside of work, he's subscribed to
36:11
Apple Music and doesn't personally know anyone who uses iTunes
36:15
as a primary source of music, but they do exist.
36:19
Some have ethical or financial reasons for sticking with an
36:23
aging iTunes. Streaming royalties are infamously minuscule. Apple Music, on average,
36:29
pays one cent per streame, split between the artists, publisher,
36:34
and label, and a Business Insider report from twenty twenty
36:38
found that Spotify can pay far less than that. iTunes,
36:42
by contrast, takes about thirty percent of the revenue from
36:45
each sale according to widespread industry reports, a lot of
36:50
musicians actually use iTunes because a deal is actually quite good,
36:54
said Jack Lindemann, a technology consultant at Rockskilled University in Denmark.
37:00
The sound quality is nothing to sneeze at either. While
37:03
popular streaming apps often compress music files heavily to save bandwidth,
37:08
standard iTunes tracks play at a relatively high bit rate
37:12
of two hundred fifty six kilobits per second and lossless.
37:16
That is, CD quality tracks have been available on iTunes
37:21
since twenty eleven. That's one reason Lineman prefers to keep
37:25
his collection of Brian Eno, led Zeppelin, Classical and many
37:29
other tracks on iTunes. Despite Apple's aggressive promotion of Apple
37:34
Music on his phone, Nearly every iTunes user that The
37:38
Post spoke to feared that the service might go offline
37:41
one day, with some complaining that has become increasingly difficult
37:45
to use the iTunes store and sync their libraries with
37:48
their iPhones. The death of iTunes was prematurely reported in
37:52
twenty nineteen, when Apple phased out the iTunes app and
37:56
rolled the store into a generically named music app. Forebodingly,
38:01
an option in the new app lets people hide the
38:03
iTunes store entirely. Apple did not offer a comment on
38:08
how long it plans to keep iTunes running. Kirk mcckellarn,
38:12
the former writer of MacWorld's asked the iTunes Guy column,
38:16
does not think the platform is in imminent danger of
38:19
going dark. He finds it hard to predict when, if ever,
38:23
the streaming apps will have their final victory over iTunes.
38:27
Apple is going to probably keep the iTunes store alive
38:30
for as long as they need to, he said. Removing
38:33
it is an admission that a certain period is over.
38:36
It still may happen at some point next and I
38:40
am entitled. Recruits line up at Texas event for ice
38:44
hiring Blitz. Former law enforcement military members among those eager
38:49
to sign up. By Robert Clemcoe from Arlington, Texas. Christian
38:54
Osborne has been itching to serve his country since he
38:57
was discharged from the Marines after refusing the coronavirus vaccine.
39:02
He thinks Americans have a naive view of illegal immigration
39:05
and wants to be part of President Donald Trump's mass
39:08
deportation campaign. Every country, for its entire existence has always
39:14
had borders. We're the only country who says come on in,
39:17
said Osborne. Twenty four, there needs to be a control
39:21
on who can come in to make sure you're not
39:23
some psycho. So last week, he shuffled into a Texas
39:27
arena typically reserved for counter Strike and League of Legends
39:31
video game competitions to attend a US Immigration and Customs
39:35
Enforcement career expo and make the case for why he
39:39
should become one of ten thousand new officers the agency
39:42
intends to hire this year. So far, the Department of
39:46
Homeland Security said it has received more than one hundred
39:49
thirty thousand applications and if the hiring fair in this community,
39:54
wedged between Dallas and Fort Worth, offers any indication plenty
39:58
of people are eager to sign up. Despite polls showing
40:02
that growing numbers of Americans disapprove of Trump's aggressive tactics
40:07
and images of massed ICE agents whisking immigrants off the streets.
40:11
Three thousand applicants showed up to submit resumes at last
40:15
week's career expo, drawn in part by the President's call
40:18
to serve and the promise of a signing bonus of
40:21
up to fifty thousand dollars for top recruits. Overhead, a
40:26
video about ICE's history admission played on a large screen,
40:30
while smaller TV monitors touted I's hiring mantra defend the Homeland.
40:36
Recruiting agents sat at tables parked in front of an
40:39
ICE branded Ford Mustang were splendid in black, gold and red.
40:43
In a lobby, applicants lined up to submit fingerprints for
40:47
background checks and urine for drug screening. Competing alongside Osborne
40:52
for one of the spots was a great grandson of
40:54
Mexican immigrants, a former professional MMA fighter, and a lanky
40:59
community college student from Tennessee who drove twelve hours to
41:02
make his case to ICE recruiters. Cole Wonnchell eighteen passed
41:08
a dozen protesters who taunted him and his father as
41:11
they made their way into Esports Stadium. America was built
41:15
by immigrants, read one woman's sign. Another yelled, why are
41:19
you signing up for the Gestapo? But that's not how
41:22
Onncell saw it. The agency was promising to make tentative
41:26
job offers on the spot, and Wunsell was so set
41:30
on getting hired that he was prepared to drop out
41:33
of college. I want to do anything that betters our country,
41:36
Onechell said, before his father, Kim cut him off, letting
41:40
fifteen million people in the country illegally should never have happened,
41:44
and the people that allowed it to happen should be arrested.
41:47
Kim Wenschell said, if your first act coming to America
41:50
is breaking the law, then you don't have the right
41:52
to be here. The recruiting push has come with militaristic
41:56
branding that evokes World War II era US propaganda post
42:00
featuring Uncle Sam casting immigration enforcement as a defense against
42:05
an invasion. As a hiring expo, a video played on
42:09
a large screen in a dimly lit room touting ICE's
42:13
role investigating human trafficking and drug smuggling, and showing agents
42:17
in fatigues and bulletproof vests. That message appealed to Arturo Sanchez,
42:23
twenty nine, who sported an Air Force cap as he
42:26
made his pitch. He'd been a hydraulic specialist working on
42:30
EC one thirties at posts including Kuwait, Afghanistan, and Qatar.
42:35
Since he left the service, he's been selling manufactured homes.
42:39
He said. He once applied to US Customs and Border
42:41
Protection but was turned down. He said he believes that
42:45
working against illegal immigration will help prevent human trafficking and
42:49
drug smuggling. Sanchez, whose great grandparents immigrated from Mexico. Said
42:55
he was undeterred by the harsh and inaccurate statements some
42:58
recruits that the EXPO share about immigrants. He said he
43:02
sometimes had to deal with uncomfortable situations in the Air force,
43:06
including racism, which he was always able to handle on
43:09
his own. I think that it would be beautiful if
43:12
we could all live together in peace and happiness, but
43:16
Satan doesn't allow that to happen unfortunately, Sanchez said. There
43:20
are evil deeds that do go unpunished, so that's where
43:23
people like me want to see if I can help
43:26
contribute to bringing justice. Many Americans have become angry at
43:31
the sight of ICE agents showing up at home depots
43:34
and car washes and arresting immigrants going about their daily lives.
43:39
Arrest and deportation data from ICE shows the agency is
43:43
increasingly deporting people with no criminal convictions. DHS says ICE
43:48
officers are facing an eight hundred and thirty percent increase
43:52
in assaults. None of that daunted Kevin Tucker, fifty four,
43:56
of North Dallas, who said he retired from a local
43:59
police department nineteen years ago but felt called to help
44:03
with the immigration and enforcement Blitz because, in his view,
44:06
undocumented immigrants are not paying taxes into the system and
44:11
taking jobs from Americans. Tucker is newly eligible for ICE service.
44:16
The agency has lifted age caps for applicants and encouraged
44:20
retired law enforcement officers to rejoin the ranks. The age
44:24
cap for deportation officers the Royal ICE was primarily recruiting
44:29
for in Texas used to be forty. Tucker has seen
44:32
news stories and images on social media showing massed ICE
44:36
officers aggressively taking immigrants into custody and heard the concerns
44:41
that the agency is violating people's constitutional rights, but he
44:45
said those reports don't move him. Things are posted for
44:48
certain reasons, Tucker said, you can see the same story
44:52
on different channels, and there are different narratives on social media.
44:56
You're going to get the stories that fit what you
44:58
want to believe based on the algorithm them. You never
45:01
get the true story. Reports of rough tactics don't bother
45:05
Aaron Eli either, a former bantamweight m m A fighter
45:09
who went by the ring name the Cyborg, Eli settled
45:12
on an IT career after his hip gave a He
45:15
limped into the hiring expo last week, hoping Ice could
45:18
use his computer expertise. He said he felt he was
45:22
no longer able to advance in the private sector because
45:25
a market is crowded with candidates from India willing to
45:27
do the work for less. I keep seeing these memes
45:31
where Indians are bragging about taking our tech jobs, said
45:34
Eli thirty six. So I said, oh yeah, well, I'm
45:39
going to work with these guys that are going to
45:40
arrest you, slam your face on the pavement and send
45:43
you home. Some candidates said they do have reservations about
45:48
what the job might entail. Osborne, the former marine, said
45:52
there might be orders he doesn't feel entirely comfortable with,
45:56
like being told to arrest the parent of a young
45:58
child whose only crime was crossing the border illegally. That
46:02
would weigh in my heart. Osborne said, it's a tough
46:05
moral question for sure. Still, he said, to call is
46:10
the Gestapo, that's ridiculous. And The final item from today's
46:14
front page is entitled an Answer to food waste Maggots
46:20
Billions of maggots burgeting industry turns to insects, natural recycling
46:26
abilities to mitigate environmental damage by Nicolas Rivero from Nesley
46:32
France on the world's biggest bug farm, roughly ten billion
46:37
maggots squirmed towards the day they'll be crushed, dried, and
46:41
sold as an alternative form of protein powder. None of
46:45
these insects will find their way into your smoothie. They're
46:48
marketed as a more sustainable ingredient for fish feed, livestock feed,
46:52
and pet food. Along the way, they are tasked with
46:55
eating food waste, helping to address a source responsible for
46:59
a tenth of human induced global greenhouse emissions. In nature,
47:04
black Soldier fly larvae are gifted recyclers, gorging themselves on
47:08
dead and decaying plants and animals, neutralizing germs, and turning
47:13
rot into a source of protein that nourishes fish, birds,
47:17
and other creatures. The French startup Enova Feed wants a
47:21
fly larvae to do the same for human society on
47:24
an industrial scale, clearing out thousands of tons of food
47:28
waste and turning it into animal feed on ultra efficient
47:33
mechanized farms. The bug farm could serve as a model
47:37
for a future industry that blends eons of insect evolution
47:41
with high tech robot monitoring to help lower carbon emissions
47:45
and limit the environmental damage from our food system. But
47:49
eight years after rearing its first flies, Enova feed has
47:53
yet to make a profit, and some of its most
47:55
prominent competitors have filed for bankruptcy. The industry's future depends
48:00
on finding buyers willing to pay a premium for a
48:03
more sustainable source of protein, and winning over regulators who've
48:08
been slow to legalize feeding insects to fish and animals.
48:12
A bug life begins. The bugs begin their lives in
48:16
massive hatcheries, where millions of adult flies meet to mate,
48:20
lay eggs, and after a twelve day orgy, die. Small
48:26
insect farms are fairly common in Asia, Africa, and Latin America,
48:30
but the bug farm in France is next level. The
48:34
original hatchery, set up in a greenhouse, holds sixty million flies,
48:39
nearly the human population of France. The bug farmers point
48:42
out a second indoor hatchery holds three hundred million, closer
48:47
to the human population of the United States. The adults
48:51
do not eat, fueling their love making frenzy with only
48:55
the fat and protein they stored as larvae. When they
48:58
find a mate, they link their bo in the air
49:00
and then descend in a graceful spiral to the floor,
49:03
where they lie in amberous repose for about twenty minutes.
49:08
Two days later, the female fly will lay five hundred
49:11
to one thousand tiny white eggs on a grooved wooden board.
49:15
After twelve days, most of the flies have used up
49:18
their fat reserves and their corpses blank at the floor.
49:22
Any survivors fall victim to a fly trap, an industrial
49:26
version of the one you might have in your home
49:28
that lure survivors with bright lights and zaps them. The
49:32
human handlers enter for the first time to collect the eggs,
49:36
sweep out the dead flies, and bring in a new
49:38
batch of breeding adults writhing and thriving. In the biggest
49:44
area of the bug farm, a machine sprinkles insect eggs
49:48
into plastic trays, along with all the food they'll need
49:51
to fuel the first stage of their growth as larvae.
49:55
Black soldier fly larvae feed on dead animals, decaying plants,
49:58
and feces in the world. Because they have such a
50:02
ransid diet, they've developed broad immunity to diseases, producing proteins
50:07
called peptides that fight harmful microbes and encourage the growth
50:11
of helpful ones. What makes a black soldier fly. The
50:14
crown jewel is that it can eat anything, said Jeff Toberlin,
50:19
a Texas A and M University entomology professor who heads
50:22
a National Science Foundation Center for insect Biomanufacturing and Innovation
50:27
here Nesley. The bugs eat porridge, a combination of wheat,
50:31
brandt and a soupy slurry called stillage, produces by products
50:35
from a neighboring grain processing factory that makes sugar, starch,
50:38
and ethanol. A pipeline pumps tons of brand and stillage
50:42
from the wheat plant to the bug farm every day.
50:46
The only other thing the laive need to thrive is
50:48
heat and humidity, which the bug farm gets in the
50:51
form of excess heat from a neighboring power plant. Another
50:55
pipeline brings warm water and steam from the power plant
50:58
into the bug farm, being the inside of toasty eighty
51:01
six degrees and seventy to eighty percent humidity to imitate
51:06
the bug's native tropical habitat. Fueling the bug's growth with
51:10
waste from neighboring factories is crucial for lowering the farm's
51:14
greenhouse gas emissions and making insects a sustainable source of protein.
51:19
If a nova feed trucked in fresh food from far
51:22
away and burned gas to make heat, it would lose
51:25
its environmental advantage. It's not a given that insect protein
51:30
will have a lower carbon footprint than soy protein or
51:33
fish meal, said Clement ray in Ova feeds CEO. It
51:37
completely depends on the way you farm, where you get
51:40
your energy from, and how you feed the insects. The
51:44
feeding is not done by humans, but by robots. Machines
51:48
fill plastic trays with eggs and food and stack them
51:51
up in windowless storage rooms where the bugs will hatch
51:55
and eat for the first six days of their lives.
51:58
Then the robots perform a well. They collect the trays,
52:02
pass them through machines that use cameras and AI to
52:05
count how many bugs have survived, and refilled the trays
52:08
with more food for the larvae's final grosburg. After eight
52:12
more days of bulking up in complete darkness, the bugs
52:16
will have grown ten thousand times bigger than they were
52:19
when they hatched. The robots return to collect their trays.
52:23
This time, they dumped the trays into a sieve that
52:27
separates the bugs from their poop, which has been piling
52:30
up since they were born. The feces go down one
52:33
conveyor belt and the bugs go down another, the metamorphosis.
52:38
For most of the bugs, this is the end of
52:40
the line, and Nova Feed picks five percent of the
52:44
larvae to go to the egg hatcheries, where they'll be
52:47
allowed to become flies to mate, lay eggs and keep
52:50
the farm going. But the rest of the larvae are
52:53
swiftly killed with hot steam, their bodies blended and separated
52:57
into fats and solids. The solids are dried into protein powder,
53:01
which feeds farmed fish. The fats are rendered into oil,
53:06
which is sold as a dietary supplement for farm animals
53:09
such as pigs, or as an ingredient in pet food
53:12
for dogs and cats. The oil naturally boosts pets oral
53:16
hygiene and gut health. According to a Nova feed, the
53:19
bug's feces becomes fertilizer for farms. Insect protein is more
53:24
expensive than standard feed ingredients like soybeans or forage fish,
53:29
a catch all term for herring, anchovies, sardines, and other
53:32
wild sea creatures harvested to feed to higher value farmed
53:36
fish like salmon and trout, But bugs reared on waste
53:40
can come with fewer environmental drawbacks than forage fish or
53:44
soy grown in deforested regions light the Amazon. If we
53:48
do not find new ingredients, the oceans will be overfished
53:51
and depleted, said Katherine Bryer, global marketing director for the
53:55
fish feed supplier Biomar. For the survival of the aquaculture industry,
54:00
the biggest challenge is feed. Starting in the nineties, Biomars
54:05
started replacing the wildfish in its fish feed with soy
54:08
protein to avoid over fishing, Brier said, but later the
54:12
company realized soy came with a higher carbon footprint. While
54:16
we solved one problem, we caused another, she said. That's
54:21
why Biomar is buying insect protein in small quantities and
54:25
studying how it could add it to fish feed. It's
54:29
also researching whether insect protein has health benefits that would
54:32
justify its higher cost. Bug farmers point out that black
54:36
soldier flies naturally produce antimicrobial proteins that can ward off
54:40
disease and save fish or livestock farmers money on antibiotics.
54:45
Insect protein is not just a protein, said Nick Rousseau,
54:49
who heads the UK Edible Insect Association, a trade group
54:53
for bug farmers. Insects have their own antimicrobial pepties, which
54:58
means they are like little walking antibiotics, but it is
55:02
a tough sell. The insect protein industry is tiny, and
55:06
changing the recipes for pet food, animal feed, and fish
55:10
feed to use a new ingredient requires expensive and time
55:14
consuming research from companies like Biomar. In the meantime, a
55:18
few high profile bug farm bankruptcies have shaken potential buyer's
55:22
confidence in the industry. Insect a buzzy French startup is
55:27
among those in the midst of a reorganization after failing
55:31
to raise enough money and running into issues with the
55:34
mealworms it was working with. If customers are seeing that
55:37
some players are failing, then they start asking is it
55:41
worth investing in this solution? Said Ray, the Anova Feed CEO,
55:46
Farming fly larvae may prove more promising than rearing mealworms.
55:51
An Ova Feed has struck deals with US feed giants
55:54
ad M and Cargill to raise money, market its products
55:58
and build a new bug farm in day Cater, Illinois,
56:01
next to the world's biggest corn processing plant. Dutch start
56:05
up Protex has ink to deal with Tyson to build
56:08
a rival US fly farm. Although Enova feeds Nesley Farm
56:13
is now the world's biggest. The race is on to
56:15
surpass it. If the industry can expand production from a
56:19
few thousand tons of protein a year to millions, it
56:23
could grow large enough to make a dent in the
56:26
environmental damage that comes from landfills, incinerators, forging wild fish,
56:31
and clearing forests for new farms. Anova feed has identified
56:36
thirty to forty potential bug farm sites in Europe and
56:40
fifty more in the US that are next to a
56:42
source of food waste and heat and have enough room
56:46
to build, Ray said. But in addition to these industrial sites,
56:51
experts say insect farms could one day collect food waste
56:55
from grocery stores or be built alongside composting facilities. Start
57:00
ups already sell home owners countertop kits to raise insects
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on kitchen scraps. Some insects can even eat plastic. Being
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able to incorporate insect farming into waste management and use
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the by products as safe and nutritious ingredients would be
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great rather than hauling so many trucks of trash out
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of the landfill, said Christine Picard, biologist who studies insects
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at Indiana University at Indianapolis. If this really takes off,
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I'd love to see this implemented at multiple levels, including
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community areas where you could bring your food waste to
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be recycled. This concludes the reading of the Washington Post
57:38
for to Day, Tuesday, September second, twenty twenty five. Your
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reader to day has been Cindy Fraser. If you have
57:45
any questions, comments, or suggestions concerning this program, please feel
57:50
free to call us at A five nine four two
57:52
two six thirty nine zero. Thank you for listening, and
57:56
now please stay tuned for continued programming on Radio I