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16 - The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe - Daniel Defoe · Adventure Books Collection

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Chapter fifteen, description of an idol which they destroy. Early in the morning,
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when marching from a little town called Changu, we had a river to
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pass which we were obliged to ferry, and had the Tartars had any intelligence,
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then had been the time to have attacked us, when the caravan being
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over the rear guard was behind, but they did not appear there. About
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three hours after, when we were entered upon a desert of about fifteen or
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sixteen miles over, we knew by a cloud of dust they raised that the
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enemy was at hand, and presently they came upon the spur our. Chinese
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guards in the front, who had talked so big the day before, began
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to stagger, and the soldiers frequently looked behind them, a certain sign in
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a soldier that he is just ready to run away. My old pilot was
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of my mind, and being near me, called out senoring Glaze. These
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fellows must be encouraged or they will ruin us all. For if the Tartars
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come, they will never stand it. I am of your mind, said
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I. But what must be done done, says he. Let fifty of
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our men advance and flank them on each wing and encourage them. They will
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fight like brave fellows in brave company. But without this they will every man
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turn his back. Immediately, I rode up to our leader and told him
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who was exactly of our mind. Accordingly, fifty of us marched to the
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right wing, and fifty to the left, and the rest made a line
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of rescue. And so we marched, leaving the last two hundred men to
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make a body of themselves and to guard the camels, only that if need
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were they should send a hundred men to assist the last fifty. At last
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the tartars came on, and an innumerable company they were. How many we
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could not tell, but ten thousand, we thought at the least. A
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party of them came on first and viewed our posture, traversing the ground in
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the front of our line, And as we found them within gunshot, our
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leader ordered the two wings to advance swiftly, and gave them a salvo on
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each wing with their shot, which was done. They then went off.
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I suppose to give an account of the reception they were liked to meet with.
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Indeed, that salute cloyd their stomachs, for they immediately halted, stood
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awhile to consider of it, and wheeling off to the left. They gave
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over their design for that time, which was very agreeable to our circumstances.
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Two days after we came to the city of naun or Naom. We thanked
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the governor for his care of us, and collected to the value of a
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hundred crowns or thereabouts, which we gave to the soldiers sent to guard us.
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And here we rested one day. This is a garrison, indeed,
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and there were nine hundred soldiers kept here. But the reason of it was
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that formerly the Muscovite frontiers lay nearer to them than they now do. The
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Muscovites having abandoned that part of the country which lies from this city west for
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about two hundred miles, as desolate and unfit for use, and Morris especially
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being so very remote and so difficult to send troops thither for its defense,
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for we were yet above two thousand miles from Muscovie, properly so called.
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After this we passed several great rivers and two dreadful deserts, one of which
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we were sixteen days passing over, And on the thirteenth of April we came
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to the frontiers of the Muscovite dominions. I think the first town or fortress,
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whichever it may be called, that belonged to the Tsar was called Arguna,
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being on the west side of the river Arguna. I could not but
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feel great satisfaction that I was arrived in a country governed by Christians. For
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though the Muscovites do, in my opinion, but just deserve the name of
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Christians, yet such they pretend to be, and are very devout in their
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way. It would certainly occur to any reflecting man who travels the world as
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I have done. What a blessing it is to be brought into the world
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where the name of God and a Redeemer is known, adored, and worshiped,
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And not where the peace people, given up to strong delusions, worship
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the devil and prostrate themselves to monsters, elements, horrid shaped animals and monstrous
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images. Not a town or city we passed through, but had their pagodas,
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their idols and their temples, and ignorant people worshiping even the works of
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their own hands. Now we came where at last a face of the Christian
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worship appeared, where the knee was bowed to Jesus, and whether ignorantly or
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not. Yet the Christian religion was owned, and the name of the True
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God was called upon and adored, And it made my soul rejoice to see
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it. I saluted the brave Scots merchant with my first acknowledgment of this,
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and taking him by the hand, I said to him, Blessed be God,
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we are once again amongst Christians. He smiled and answered, do not
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rejoice too soon, countrymen. These Muscovites a but an odds or are Christians.
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And but for the name of it you may see very little of the
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substance for some months further of our journey, well, says I. But
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still it is better than paganism and worshiping of devils. Why, I will
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tell you, says he. Except their Russian soldiers in the garrisons, and
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a few of the inhabitants of the cities upon their road. All the rest
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of this country, for about a thousand miles farther, is inhabited by the
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worst and most ignorant of pagans. And so indeed we found it. We
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now launched into the greatest piece of solid earth that is to be found in
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any part of the world. We had at least twelve thousand miles to the
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sea eastward, two thousand to the bottom of the Baltic Sea westward, and
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above three thousand. If we left that sea and went on west to the
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British and French channels, we had full five thousand miles to the Indian or
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Persian Sea south, and about eight hundred to the frozen Sea north. We
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advanced from the River Arguna by easy and moderate journeys, and were very visibly
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obliged to the care. The Czar has taken to have cities and towns built
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in as many places as it is possible to place them where his soldiers keep
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garrison, something like the stationary soldiers placed by the Romans in the remotest countries
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of their empire, some of which I had read of, were placed in
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Britain for the security of commerce and for the lodging of travelers. Thus it
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was here for wherever we came. Though at these towns and stations the garrisons
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and governors were Russians and professed Christians, Yet the inhabitants were mere pagans,
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sacrificing to idols and worshiping the sun, moon and stars, or all the
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host of heaven. And not only so, but were of all the heathens
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and pagans that ever I met with the most barbarous, except only that they
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did not eat men's flesh. Some instances of this we met within the country
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between Arguna, where we enter the Muscovite dominions, and a city of Tartars
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and Russians together called Nortzyutsky, in which is a continued desert door forest,
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which caused us twenty days to travel. In a village near the last of
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these places, I had the curiosity to go and see their way of living,
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which is most brutish and unsufferable. They had. I suppose a great
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sacrifice that day, for there stood out upon an old stump of a tree,
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a diabolical kind of idol made of wood. It was dressed up,
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too, in the most filthy manner. Its upper garment was of sheepskins,
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with the wool outward, a great tartar bonnet on the head with two horns
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growing through it. It was about eight feet high, yet had no feet
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or legs, nor any other proportion of parts. This scarecrow was set up
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at the outer side of the village, and when I came near to it,
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there were sixteen or seventeen creatures, all lying flat upon the ground round
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this hideous block of wood. I saw no motion among them, any more
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than if they had been all logs like the idol, And at first I
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really thought they had been so. But when I came a little nearer,
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they started up upon their feet and raised a howl, as if it had
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been so many deep mouthed hounds, and walked away, as if they were
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displeased at our disturbing them. A little way off from the idol, and
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at the door of a hut made of sheep and cowskins dried, stood three
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men with long knives in their hands, and in the middle of the tent
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appeared three sheep killed and one young bullock. These, it seems, were
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sacrifices to that senseless log of an idol. The three men were priests belonging
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to it, and the seventeen prostrated wretches were the people who brought the offering
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and were offering their prayers to that stock. I confess I was more moved
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at their stupidity and brutish worship of a hobgoblin than ever I was at anything
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in my life, and overcome with rage I rode up to the hideous idol,
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and with my sword made a stroke at the bonnet that was on its
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head and cut it in two. And one of our men that was with
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me, taking hold of the sheepskin that covered it, pulled at it.
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When behold a most hideous outcry ran through the village, and two or three
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hundred people came about my ears, so that I was glad to scour for
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it, for some had bows and arrows, but I resolved from that moment
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to visit them again. Our caravan rested three knights at the town, which
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was about four miles off, in order to provide some horses, which they
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wanted. Several of the horses having been lamed and jaded with the long march
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over the last desert, so we had some leisure here to put my design
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in execution. I communicated it to the Scot's merchant, of whose courage I
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had sufficient testimony. I told him what I had seen, and with what
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indignation I had since thought that human nature could be so degenerate. I told
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him, if I could get but four or five men well armed to go
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with me, I was resolved to go and destroy that vile abominable idol,
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and let them see that it had no power to help itself, and consequently
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could not be an object of worship or to be prayed to, much less
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help them that offered sacrifices to it. He at first objected to my plan
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as useless, seeing that owing to the gross ignorance of the people, they
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could not be brought to profit by the lesson I meant to teach them,
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and added that from his knowledge of the country and its customs, he feared
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we should fall into great peril by giving offense to these brutal, idle worshipers.
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This somewhat stayed my purpose, but I was still uneasy all that day
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to put my project in execution, and that evening, meeting the Scot's merchant
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in our walk about the town, I again called upon him to aid me
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in it. When he found me resolute, he said that on further thoughts
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he could not but applaud the design, and told me I should not go
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alone, but he would go with me. But he would go first and
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bring a stout fellow, one of his countrymen, to go also with us.
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And one said he as famous for his zeal as you can desire any
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one to be against such devilish things as these. So we agreed to go
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only we three and my manservant and resorl to put it in execution the following
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night about midnight, with all possible secrecy. We thought it better to delay
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it till the next night, because the caravan being to set forward in the
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morning, we supposed the governor could not pretend to give them any satisfaction upon
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us when we were out of his power. The Scot's merchant, as steady
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in his resolution for the enterprise as bold in executing, brought me a tartar's
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robe or gown of sheepskins and a bonnet with a bow and arrows, and
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had provided the same for himself and his countrymen, that the people, if
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they saw us, should not determine who we were. All the first night
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we spent in mixing up some combustible matter with aqua vitai, gunpowder, and
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such other materials as we could get, and having a good quantity of tar
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in a little pot. About an hour after night, we set out upon
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our expedition. We came to the place about eleven o'clock at night, and
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found that the people had not the least suspicion of danger attending their own.
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The night was cloudy, yet the moon gave us light enough to see that
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the idol stood just in the same posture and place that it did before.
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The people seemed to be all at their rest, only that in the great
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hut where we saw the three priests, we saw a light, and going
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up close to the door, we heard people talking as if there were five
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or six of them. We concluded therefore, that if we set wildfire to
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the idol, those men would come out immediately and run up to the place
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to rescue it from destruction. And what to do with them we knew not
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once. We thought of carrying it away and setting fire to it at a
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distance, but when we came to handle it we found it too bulky for
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our carriage, so we were at a loss again. The second scotsman was
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for setting fire to the hut and knocking the creatures that were there on the
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head when they came out. But I could not join with that. I
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was against killing them if it were possible to avoid it. Well, then
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said the Scots merchant, I will tell you what we will do. We
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will try to make them tie their hands and make them stand and see their
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idle destroyed. As it happened, we had twine or pack thread enough about
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us, which we used to tie our firelocks together with. So we resolved
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to attack these people first, and with as little noise as we could.
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The first thing we did we knocked at the door. When one of the
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priests coming to it, we immediately seized upon him, stopped his mouth,
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and tied his hands behind him, and led him to the idol, where
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we gagged him that he might not make a noise, tied his feet also
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together, and left him on the ground. Two of us then waited at
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the door, expecting that another would come out to see what the matter was.
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But we waited so long till the third man came back to us,
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and then nobody coming out. We knocked again gently, and immediately out came
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two more, and we served them just in the same manner, but were
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obliged to go all with them and lay them down by the idol some distance
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from one another. When going back, we found two more were come out
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of the door, and a third stood behind them within the door. We
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seized the two and immediately tied them. When the third, stepping back and
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crying out my Scot's merchant went in after them, and, taking out a
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composition we had made that would only smoke and stink, he set fire to
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it and threw it in among them. By that time the other Scotsman and
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my man, taking charge of the two men already bound and tied together also
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by the arm, led them away to the idol, and left them there
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to see if their idol would relieve them, making haste back to us.
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When the fuse we had thrown in had filled the hut with so much smoke
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that they were almost suffocated. We threw in a small leather bag of another
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kind, which flamed like a candle, and following it in we found there
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were but four people, who, as we supposed, had been about some
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of their diabolical sacrifices. They appeared, in short frightened to death, at
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least so as to sit trembling and stupid, and not able to se speak
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either for the smoke. We quickly took them from the hut, where the
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smoke soon drove us out bound them as we had done the other, and
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all without any noise. Then we carried them all together to the idol.
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When we came there we fell to work with him. First we daubed him
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all over, and his robes also with tar and tallow mixed with brimstone.
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Then we stopped his eyes and ears and mouth full of gunpowder, and wrapped
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up a great piece of wildfire in his bonnet, Then sticking all the combustibles
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we had brought with us upon him, we looked about to see if we
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could find anything else to help to burn him. When my scotsmen remembered that
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by the hut where the men were there lay a heap of dry forage away.
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He and the other scotsmen ran and fetched their arms full of that.
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When we had done this, we took all our prisoners and brought them,
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having untied their feet and UnGagged their mouths, and made them stand up,
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and set them before their monstrous idol, and then set fire to the hole.
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We staid by it a quarter of an hour or thereabouts, till the
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powder in the eyes and mouth and ears of the idol blew up, and
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as we could perceive, had split all together, and in a word,
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till we saw it burned, so that it would soon be quite consumed.
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We then began to think of going away, But the Scotsmen said no,
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we must not go, for these poor deluded wretches will all throw themselves into
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the fire and burn themselves with the idol. So we resolved to stay till
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the forage has burned down two and then came away and left them. After
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the feat was performed, we appeared in the morning among our fellow travelers,
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exceedingly busy in getting ready for our journey. Nor could any man suppose that
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we had been anywhere but in our beds. But the affair did not end.
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So the next day came a great number of the country people to the
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town gates, and, in a most outrageous manner, demanded satisfaction of the
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Russian governor for the insulting their priests and burning their great cham Chiitongo. The
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people of Nurzingkee were at first in great consternation, for they said the Tartars
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were already no less than thirty thousand strong. The Russian governor sent out messengers
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to appease them, assuring them that he knew nothing of it, and that
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there had not a soul in his garrison been abroad, so that it could
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not be from anybody there. But if they could let him know who did
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it, they should be exemplarily punished. They returned haughtily that all the country
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reverenced the great cham Chitungu, who dwelt in the sun, and no mortal
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would have dared to offer violence to his image, but some Christian miscreant,
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and they therefore resolved to denounce war against him and all the Russians, who
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they said were miscreants and Christians. The governor, unwilling to make a breach
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or to have any cause of war alleged to be given by him. The
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Czar, having strictly charged him to treat the conquered country with gentleness, gave
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them all the good words he could. At last, he told them there
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was a caravan gone towards Russia that morning, and perhaps it was some of
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them who had done this injury, and that if they would be satisfied with
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that, he would send after them to inquire into it. This seemed to
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appease them a little, and accordingly the Governor sent after us and gave us
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a particular account how the thing was, intimating withal that if any in our
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caravan had done it, they should make their escape, but that whether we
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had done it or no, we should make all the haste forward that was
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possible, and that in the meantime he would keep them in play as long
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as he could. This was very friendly in the governor. However, when
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it came to the caravan, there was nobody knew anything of the matter,
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And as for us, that we were guilty, we were least of all
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suspected. However, the captain of the caravan for the time took the hint
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that the governor gave us, and we traveled two days and two nights without
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any considerable stop, and then we lay at a village called Plothos. Nor
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did we make any long stop here, but hastened on towards Jarrowena, another
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Muscovite colony, and where we expected we should be safe. But upon the
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second day's march from Plothos, by the clouds of dust behind us at a
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great distance, it was plain we were pursued. We had entered a vast
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desert and had passed by a great lake called Shanksoser, when we perceived a
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large body of horse appear on the other side of the lake to the north.
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We traveling west. We observed they went away west as we did.
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But had supposed we would have taken that side of the lake, whereas we
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very happily took the south side. And in two days more they disappeared again,
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for they, believing we were still before them, pushed on till they
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came to the Uda, a very great river when it passes farther north.
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But when we came to it we found it narrow and fordable. The third
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day they had either found their mistake or had intelligence of us, and came
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pouring in upon us towards dusk. We had, to our great satisfaction,
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just pitched upon a convenient place for our camp, for as we had just
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entered upon a desert above five one hundred miles over where we had no towns
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to lodge at, and indeed expected none but the city Jarawena, which we
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had yet two days march to the desert, however, had some few woods
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in it on this side, and little rivers which ran all into the great
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river Udda. It was in a narrow strait between little but very thick woods
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that we pitched our camp that night, expecting to be attacked before morning.
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As it was usual for the Mogul Tartars to go about in troops in that
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desert, so the caravans always fortify themselves every night against them, as against
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armies of robbers, And it was therefore no new thing to be pursued.
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But we had this night a most advantageous camp, for as we lay between
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two woods, with a little rivulet running just before our front, we could
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not be surrounded or attacked any way. But in our front or rear.
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We took care also to make our front as strong as we could, by
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placing our packs with the camels and horses all in a line on the inside
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of the river, and felling some trees in our rear. In this posture
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we encamped for the night, but the enemy was upon us before we had
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finished. They did not come on like thieves, as we expected, but
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sent three messengers to us to demand the men to be delivered to them that
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had abused their priests and burned their idol, that they might burn them with
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fire. And upon this they said they would go away and do us no
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further harm, otherwise they would destroy us. All our men looked very blank
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at this message, and began to stare at one another to see who looked
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with the most guilt in their faces. But nobody was the word. Nobody
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did it The leader of the caravan sent word. He was well assured that
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it was not done by any of our camp, that we were peaceful merchants
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traveling on our business, that we had done no harm to them or to
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anyone else, and that therefore they must look further for the enemies who had
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injured them, for we were not the people. So they desired them not
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to disturb us. If they did, we should defend ourselves. They were
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far from being satisfied with this for an answer, and a great crowd of
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them came running down in the morning by break of day to our camp,
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But seeing us so well posted, they durst come no farther than the brook
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in our front, where they stood in such number as to terrify us very
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much. Indeed some spoke of ten thousand. Here they stood and looked at
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us awhile, and then, setting up a great howl, let fly a
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crowd of arrows among us. But we were well enough sheltered under our baggage,
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and I do not remember that one of us was hurt. Some time
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after this, we saw them move a little to our right, and expected
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them on the rear, when a cunning fellow, a cossack of Jarawena,
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calling to the leader of the caravan, said to him, I will send
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all these people away to Sibeka. This was a city four or five days
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journey at least to the right and rather behind us. So he takes his
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bow and arrows, and getting on horseback, he rides away from air reared,
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directly as it were, back to Nurzinsky. After this he takes a
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great circle about and comes directly on the army of the Tartars, as if
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he had been sent express to tell them a long story, that the people
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who had burned the cham Chitongu were gone to Sibeilka with a caravan of miscreants,
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as he called them, that is to say, Christians, and that
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they had resolved to burn the god Skalisar belonging to the Tonguses. As this
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fellow was himself a Tartar and perfectly spoke their language, he counterfeited so well
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that they all believed him, and away they drove in a violent hurry to
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Sibeilka. In less than three hours. They were entirely out of our sight,
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and we never heard any more of them, nor whether they went to
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Sibeilka or no. So we passed away safely on to Jarawena, where there
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was a Russian garrison, and there we rested. Five days. From this
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city we had a frightful desert which held us twenty three days March. We
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furnished ourselves with some tents here for the better accommodating ourselves in the night,
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and the leader of the caravan procured sixteen wagons of the country for carrying our
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water or provisions, and these carriages were our defense every night round our little
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camp. So that had the tartars appeared, unless they had been very numerous,
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indeed, they would not have been able to hurt us. We may
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well be supposed to have wanted rest again after this long journey, for in
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this desert we neither saw a house nor tree, and scarce a bush.
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Though we saw abundance of the sable hunters, who are all tartars of Mogul
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Tartary, of which this country is a part, and they frequently attack small
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caravans, but we saw no numbers of them together. After we had passed
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this desert, we came into a country pretty well inhabited, that is to
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say, we found towns and castles settled by the tsar, with garrisons of
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stationary soldiers to protect the caravans and defend the country against the Tartars who would
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otherwise make it very dangerous traveling. And his Tzarish Majesty has given such strict
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orders for the well guarding the caravans that if there are any Tartars heard of
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in the country, detachments of the garrison are always sent to see the travelers
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safe from station to station. Thus, the Governor of Adinskoy, whom I
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had an opportunity to make a visit to by means of the Scots merchant who
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was acquainted with him, offered us a guard of fifty men if we thought
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there was any danger to the next station. I thought long before this that
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as we came nearer to Europe, we should find the country better inhabited and
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the people more civilized. But I found myself mistaken in both, for we
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had yet the nation of the Tonguses to pass through, where we saw the
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same tokens of paganism and barbarity as before, only as they were conquered by
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the Muscovites, they were not so dangerous, but for rudeness of manners and
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idolatry. No people in the world ever went beyond them. They are all
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clothed in skins of beasts, and their houses are built of the same.
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I know not a man from a woman, neither by the ruggedness of their
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countenance nor their clothes. And in the winter, when the ground is covered
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with snow, they live underground in vaults which have cavities going from one to
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another. If the Tartars had their cham Chitongu for a whole village or country,
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these had idols in every hut and every cave. This country I reckon
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was from the desert I spoke of last, at least four hundred miles,
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half of it being another desert, which took us up twelve days severe traveling
26:30
without house or tree, and we were obliged again to carry our own provisions,
26:34
as well water as bread. After we were out of this desert and
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had traveled two days, we came to Janize, a Muscovite city or station
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on the great River Janize, which they told us there parted Europe from Asia.
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All the country between the River Obi and the River Janize is entirely pagan,
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and the people as barbarous as the remotest of the Tartars. I also
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found, which I observed to the Muscovite governors, whom I had an opportunity
27:03
to converse with, that the poor Pagans are not much wiser or nearer Christianity
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for being under the Muscovite government, which they acknowledged was true enough. But
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that, as they said, was none of their business. That if the
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Tsar expected to convert his Siberian, Tonguse or Tartar subjects, it should be
27:22
done by sending clergymen among them, not soldiers. And they added, with
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more sincerity than I expected, that it was not so much the concern of
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their monarch to make the people Christians as to make them subjects. From this
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river to the Obi we crossed a wild, uncultivated country, barren of people
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and good management. Otherwise, it is in itself a pleasant, fruitful and
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agreeable country. What inhabitants we found in it are all Pagans, except such
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as are sent among them from Russia. For this is the country I mean
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on both sides the River Obi, whither the Muscovite criminals that are not put
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to death are banished, And from whence it is next to impossible they should
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ever get away. I have nothing material to say of my particular affairs till
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I came to Tobolski, the capital city of Siberia, where I continued some
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time on the following account. We had now been almost seven months on our
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journey, and winter began to come on apace, whereupon my partner and I
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called a council about our particular affairs, in which we found it proper as
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we were bound for England, to consider how to dispose of ourselves. They
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told us of sledges and reindeer to carry us over the snow in the winter
28:36
time, by which means indeed the Russians travel more in winter than they can
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in summer, as in these sledges they are able to run night and day.
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The snow being frozen is one universal covering to nature, by which the
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hills, vales, rivers and lakes are all smooth and hard as a stone,
28:53
and they run upon the surface without any regard to what is underneath.
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But I had no occasion to urge a winter journey of this kind. I
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was bound to England, not to Moscow, and my route lay two ways.
29:07
Either I must go on as the caravan went till I came to Jarislaw
29:11
and then go off west for Narva and the Gulf of Finland, and so
29:15
on to Danzik, where I might possibly sell my China cargo to good advantage.
29:21
Or I must leave the caravan at a little town on the Dvina,
29:23
from whence I had but six days by water to Archangel, and from thence
29:29
must be sure of shipping either to England, Holland or Hamburg. Now,
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to go any one of these journeys in the winter would have been preposterous,
29:37
for as to Danzig, the Baltic would have been frozen up and I could
29:41
not get passage, and to go by land in those countries was far less
29:45
safe than among the Mogul Tartars. Likewise, as to Archangel in October,
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all the ships would be gone from thence, and even the merchants who dwell
29:52
there in summer retire south to Moscow in the winter when the ships are gone,
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so that I could have nothing but extremity of cold to encounter with a
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scarcity of provisions, and must lie in an empty town all the winter.
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Therefore, upon the whole I thought it much my better way to let the
30:10
caravan go and make provision to winter where I was at Tobolski in Siberia,
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in the latitude of about sixty degrees, where I was sure of three things
30:19
to wear out a cold winter, with viz plenty of provisions, such as
30:23
the country afforded a warm house, with fuel enough and excellent company. I
30:30
was now in quite a different climate from my beloved island, where I never
30:33
felt cold, except when I had my egg yew. On the contrary,
30:37
I had much to do to bear any clothes on my back, and never
30:41
made any fire, but without doors, which was necessary for dressing my food,
30:45
et cetera. Now I had three good vests with large robes or gowns
30:49
over them to hang down to the feet and button close to the wrists,
30:53
and all these lined with furs to make them sufficiently warm. As to a
30:57
warm house, I must infest. I greatly dislike our way in England of
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making fires in every room of the house in open chimneys, which when the
31:07
fire is out, always keeps the air in the room cold as the climate.
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So I took an apartment in a good house in the town, and
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ordered a chimney to be built like a furnace in the center of six several
31:18
rooms, like a stove the funnel to carry the smoke went up one way,
31:22
the door to come at the fire went in another, and all the
31:26
rooms were kept equally warm, but no fire seen, just as they heat
31:30
baths in England. By this means we had always the same climate in all
31:34
the rooms, and an equal heat was preserved, And yet we saw no
31:38
fire, nor were ever incommoded with smoke. The most wonderful thing of all
31:45
was that it should be possible to meet with good company here in a country
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so barbarous as this, one of the most northerly parts of Europe, but
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this being the country where the state criminals of Muscovy, as I observed before,
31:56
are all banished. The city was full of Russian noblemen, gentlemen,
32:01
soldiers and courtiers. Here was the famous Prince galitzin the old German Robostiski,
32:07
and several other persons of note, and some ladies by means of my Scotch
32:12
merchant, whom nevertheless I parted with. Here I made an acquaintance with several
32:16
of these gentlemen, and from these, in the long winter nights in which
32:20
I stayed there, I received several very agreeable visits. End of chapter fifteen,