Latest / History of the Philippines / 19 - History of the Philippines by David Prescott Barrows

Transcript

19 - History of the Philippines by David Prescott Barrows · History of the Philippines

• 0:01
  Speaker 1: Chapter eleven, Part one of a History of the Philippines.
• 0:05
  Speaker 1: This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in
• 0:08
  Speaker 1: the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please
• 0:13
  Speaker 1: visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by Nathan Markham. The Philippines
• 0:20
  Speaker 1: during the period of European Revolution seventeen sixty two to
• 0:24
  Speaker 1: eighteen thirty seven. The New Philosophy of the eighteenth century.
• 0:30
  Speaker 1: The middle of the eighteenth century in Europe was a
• 0:32
  Speaker 1: time when ideas were greatly liberalized. A philosophy became current
• 0:37
  Speaker 1: which professed to look for its authority not the churches
• 0:41
  Speaker 1: or hereditary custom and privilege, but to the laws of
• 0:44
  Speaker 1: God as they are revealed in the natural world. Men
• 0:48
  Speaker 1: taught that if we could only follow nature, we could
• 0:50
  Speaker 1: not do wrong. Natural law became the basis for a
• 0:54
  Speaker 1: great amount of political and social discussion, and the theoretical
• 0:58
  Speaker 1: foundation of many social rits. This savage, ungoverned man was,
• 1:03
  Speaker 1: by many European philosophers and writers, supposed to live a freer,
• 1:08
  Speaker 1: more wholesome, and more natural life than the man who
• 1:11
  Speaker 1: is bound by the conventions of society and the laws
• 1:14
  Speaker 1: of the state. Most of this reasoning we now know
• 1:18
  Speaker 1: to be scientifically untrue. The savage and the hermit are not,
• 1:22
  Speaker 1: in actual fact types of human happiness and freedom. Ideal
• 1:27
  Speaker 1: life for a man is found only in governed society,
• 1:30
  Speaker 1: where there is order and protection, and where also should
• 1:33
  Speaker 1: be freedom of opportunity. But to the people of the
• 1:36
  Speaker 1: eighteenth century, and especially to the scholars of France, where
• 1:40
  Speaker 1: the government was monarchical and oppressive, and where the people
• 1:44
  Speaker 1: were terribly burdened by the aristocracy, this teaching was welcomed
• 1:49
  Speaker 1: as a new gospel. Nor was it devoid of grand
• 1:52
  Speaker 1: and noble ideas, which carried out in a conservative way
• 1:56
  Speaker 1: have greatly bettered society. It is from this philosophy and
• 2:00
  Speaker 1: the revolution which succeeded it, that the world received the
• 2:03
  Speaker 1: modern ideas of liberty, equality, fraternity, and democracy. These ideas,
• 2:09
  Speaker 1: having done their work in America and Europe, are here
• 2:12
  Speaker 1: at work in the Philippines today. It remains to be
• 2:15
  Speaker 1: seen whether a society can be rebuilt here on these principles,
• 2:20
  Speaker 1: and whether Asia too will be reformed under their influence.
• 2:24
  Speaker 1: Colonial conflicts between the great European countries during the latter
• 2:29
  Speaker 1: half of the eighteenth century there culminated the long struggle
• 2:33
  Speaker 1: for colonial empire between European states, which we have been following.
• 2:38
  Speaker 1: We have seen how colonial conquest was commenced by the Portuguese,
• 2:42
  Speaker 1: who were very shortly followed by the Spaniards, and how
• 2:45
  Speaker 1: these two great Latin powers attempted to exclude the other
• 2:49
  Speaker 1: European peoples from the rich Far East and the great
• 2:53
  Speaker 1: New World which they had discovered. We have seen how
• 2:56
  Speaker 1: this attempt failed, how the Dutch and the English broke
• 2:59
  Speaker 1: in upon on this gigantic reserve, drove the Spanish fleets
• 3:03
  Speaker 1: from the seas and despoiled and took of this great
• 3:06
  Speaker 1: empire almost whatever they would. The Dutch and English then
• 3:10
  Speaker 1: fought between themselves. The English excluded the Dutch from North America,
• 3:15
  Speaker 1: capturing their famous colony of New Amsterdam now New York
• 3:20
  Speaker 1: and incorporating it sixteen seventy four with their other American
• 3:24
  Speaker 1: colonies which later became the United States of America. But
• 3:28
  Speaker 1: in the East Indies, the Dutch maintained their trade and power,
• 3:32
  Speaker 1: gradually extending from Island to Ireland until they gained what
• 3:36
  Speaker 1: they still possess and almost a complete monopoly of spice production.
• 3:42
  Speaker 1: War between England and France in India, England in the
• 3:46
  Speaker 1: eighteenth century won great possessions and laid the foundation for
• 3:50
  Speaker 1: what had been an almost complete subjugation of this Eastern Empire. Here, however,
• 3:57
  Speaker 1: and even more so than in America, England countered a
• 4:00
  Speaker 1: royal and brilliant antagonist in the monarch of France. French
• 4:05
  Speaker 1: exploration in North America had given France claims to the
• 4:09
  Speaker 1: two great river systems of the Saint Lawrence and the Mississippi,
• 4:14
  Speaker 1: the latter by far the greatest and richest region of
• 4:17
  Speaker 1: the temperate zone. So during much of this eighteenth century,
• 4:22
  Speaker 1: England and France were involved in wars that had for
• 4:25
  Speaker 1: their prizes the possession of the continent of North America
• 4:29
  Speaker 1: and the Great Peninsula of India. This conflict reached its
• 4:34
  Speaker 1: climax between seventeen fifty six and seventeen sixty three. Both
• 4:39
  Speaker 1: states put forth all their strength. France called to her
• 4:42
  Speaker 1: support those countries whose reigning families were allied to her
• 4:46
  Speaker 1: by blood, and in this way Spain was drawn into
• 4:49
  Speaker 1: the struggle. The monarchs of both France and Spain belonged
• 4:53
  Speaker 1: to the Great House of Bourbon. War was declared between
• 4:56
  Speaker 1: England and Spain in seventeen sixty two, Spain was totally
• 5:01
  Speaker 1: unfitted for the combat. She could inflict no injury upon
• 5:04
  Speaker 1: England and simply lay impotent and helpless to retaliate, while
• 5:09
  Speaker 1: English fleets in the same year took Cavana in the
• 5:11
  Speaker 1: west and Manila in the east. English victory over French
• 5:16
  Speaker 1: in India and America. English power in India was represented
• 5:21
  Speaker 1: during these years by the greatest and most striking figure
• 5:23
  Speaker 1: in England's colonial history, Lord Clive. To him is due
• 5:28
  Speaker 1: the defeat of France and India, the capture of her possessions,
• 5:32
  Speaker 1: and the founding of the Indian Empire, which is still
• 5:35
  Speaker 1: regarded as England's greatest possession. The French were expelled from
• 5:39
  Speaker 1: India in the same year that the great citadel of
• 5:42
  Speaker 1: New France in America, Quebec, was taken by the English
• 5:46
  Speaker 1: under General Wolfe the Philippines under the English Expedition from
• 5:52
  Speaker 1: India to the Philippines. The English were now free to
• 5:55
  Speaker 1: strike a blow at France's ally Spain, and in Madras,
• 6:00
  Speaker 1: an expedition was prepared to destroy Spanish power in the Philippines.
• 6:04
  Speaker 1: Notice of the preparation of this expedition reached Manila from
• 6:08
  Speaker 1: several sources in the spring and summer of seventeen sixty two.
• 6:12
  Speaker 1: But with that fatality which pursued the Spaniard to the
• 6:16
  Speaker 1: end of his history in the Philippines, no preparations were
• 6:19
  Speaker 1: made by him until on the twenty second of September,
• 6:23
  Speaker 1: a squadron of thirteen vessels anchored in Manila Bay through
• 6:28
  Speaker 1: the mist The stupid and negligent authorities of Manila mistook
• 6:32
  Speaker 1: them for Chinese trading junks, but it was the fleet
• 6:35
  Speaker 1: of the English Admiral Cornish, with a force of five
• 6:39
  Speaker 1: thousand British and Indian soldiers under the command of General Draper.
• 6:44
  Speaker 1: For her defense, Manila had only five hundred fifty men
• 6:47
  Speaker 1: of the Regiment of the King and eighty Filipino artillerists.
• 6:53
  Speaker 1: Yet the Spaniards determined to make resistance from behind the
• 6:56
  Speaker 1: walls of the city. Surrender of Minus Nilla to the English.
• 7:01
  Speaker 1: The English disembarked and occupied Malat from the churches of Malat,
• 7:06
  Speaker 1: Ermita and Santiago. Their British bombarded Manila, and the Spaniards
• 7:12
  Speaker 1: replied from the batteries of San Andres and San Diego,
• 7:16
  Speaker 1: the firing not being very effective on either side. On
• 7:20
  Speaker 1: the twenty fifth, Draper summoned the city to surrender, but
• 7:23
  Speaker 1: a council of war held by the archbishop, who was
• 7:26
  Speaker 1: also governor, decided to fight. On thirty six hundred Filipino
• 7:31
  Speaker 1: militia from Papanga, Bulacan, and Laguna marched to the defense
• 7:35
  Speaker 1: of the city, and on the third of October, two
• 7:38
  Speaker 1: thousand of these Filipinos made a sally from the walls
• 7:42
  Speaker 1: and recklessly assaulted the English lines, but were driven back
• 7:45
  Speaker 1: with slaughter. On the night of the fourth of October,
• 7:49
  Speaker 1: a breach in the walls was made by the artillery,
• 7:52
  Speaker 1: and early in the morning of the fifth, four hundred
• 7:55
  Speaker 1: English soldiers entered, almost without resistance. A company of Malaysia
• 8:00
  Speaker 1: on guard at the Puerto Real was bayoneted, and the
• 8:04
  Speaker 1: English then occupied the plaza and here received the surrender
• 8:07
  Speaker 1: of the fort of Santiago. The English agreed not to
• 8:11
  Speaker 1: interfere with religious liberty, and honors of war were granted
• 8:14
  Speaker 1: to the Spanish soldiers. Guards were placed upon the convent
• 8:18
  Speaker 1: of the nuns of Santa Clara and the Biterios, and
• 8:21
  Speaker 1: the city was given over to pillage, which lasted for
• 8:24
  Speaker 1: forty hours and in which many of the Chinese assisted
• 8:29
  Speaker 1: independent Spanish capital under Anda at Bulacan. The English were
• 8:34
  Speaker 1: thus masters of the city, but during their period of
• 8:37
  Speaker 1: occupation they never extended their power far beyond the present
• 8:40
  Speaker 1: limits of Manila. Previous to the final assault and occupation
• 8:44
  Speaker 1: of Manila, the authorities had nominated the waiter Don Simon
• 8:49
  Speaker 1: de Anda isalasad Lieutenant Governor and Judge at large of
• 8:53
  Speaker 1: the islands, with instructions to maintain the country in its
• 8:57
  Speaker 1: obedience to the King of Spain, and left the capital
• 9:00
  Speaker 1: on the night of October fourth, passing in a little
• 9:03
  Speaker 1: banca through the Nipa swamps and Estetos on the north
• 9:07
  Speaker 1: shore of Manila Bay to the provincial capital of Bulacan.
• 9:12
  Speaker 1: Here he called together the provincial of the Augustinian monks,
• 9:16
  Speaker 1: the Alcalde mayor of the province, and some other Spaniards.
• 9:20
  Speaker 1: They resolved to form an independent government representing Spain and
• 9:24
  Speaker 1: to continue their resistance. This they were able to do
• 9:28
  Speaker 1: as long the British remained in the islands. The English
• 9:31
  Speaker 1: made a few short expeditions into Bulacan and up the
• 9:35
  Speaker 1: Pasig River, but there was no hard fighting and no
• 9:38
  Speaker 1: real effort made to pursue Anda's force. The Chinese welcomed
• 9:43
  Speaker 1: the English and gave them some assistance, and for this
• 9:46
  Speaker 1: Anda slew and hanged great numbers of them. The Philippines
• 9:50
  Speaker 1: returned to Spain by the Treaty of Paris in seventeen
• 9:54
  Speaker 1: sixty three. Peace was made by which France surrendered practically
• 9:58
  Speaker 1: all her colonial pass sessions to England, but England returned
• 10:02
  Speaker 1: to Spain her captures in Cuba and the Philippines. In
• 10:06
  Speaker 1: March seventeen sixty four, there arrived the Spanish frigate Santa Rosa,
• 10:11
  Speaker 1: bringing the first Lieutenant of the King for the Islands,
• 10:14
  Speaker 1: Don Francisco de Ratore, who brought with him news of
• 10:17
  Speaker 1: the Treaty of Paris and the orders to the English
• 10:20
  Speaker 1: to abandon the islands. Resistance of the English by the Friars.
• 10:26
  Speaker 1: In resistance to the English and in the efforts to
• 10:28
  Speaker 1: maintain Spanish authority, a leading part had been taken by
• 10:32
  Speaker 1: the Friars. The sacred orders, said Martinez de Sufiga, had
• 10:37
  Speaker 1: much to do with the success of Senor Anda. They
• 10:41
  Speaker 1: maintained the Indians of their respective administrations loyal to the orders.
• 10:46
  Speaker 1: They inspired the natives with horror against the English as
• 10:49
  Speaker 1: enemies of the king and of religion, inciting them to
• 10:52
  Speaker 1: die fighting to resist them. They contributed their estates and
• 10:56
  Speaker 1: their property, and they exposed their own person. Since the
• 11:00
  Speaker 1: great dangers the Friars were certainly most interested in retaining
• 11:04
  Speaker 1: possession of the islands, added most to lose by their
• 11:08
  Speaker 1: falling into English hands increase of the Jesuits in wealth
• 11:12
  Speaker 1: and power. In this zealous movement for defense, however, the
• 11:16
  Speaker 1: Jesuits bore no part, and there were charges made against
• 11:20
  Speaker 1: them of treasonable intercourse with the English, which may have
• 11:23
  Speaker 1: had foundation, and which are of significance in the light
• 11:26
  Speaker 1: of what subsequently occurred. At the close of the eighteenth century,
• 11:30
  Speaker 1: all the governments of Catholic Europe were aroused with jealousy
• 11:33
  Speaker 1: and suspicious hatred against the Jesuits. The society, organized primarily
• 11:38
  Speaker 1: for missionary labor, had gradually taken on much of a
• 11:41
  Speaker 1: secular character. The society was distinguished, as we have seen
• 11:46
  Speaker 1: in its history in the Philippines, by men with great
• 11:49
  Speaker 1: capacity and liking for what we may call practical affairs,
• 11:53
  Speaker 1: as distinguished from purely religious or devotional life. The Jesuits
• 11:57
  Speaker 1: were not alone missionaries and orthodox educators, but they were scientists, geographers, financiers,
• 12:05
  Speaker 1: and powerful and almost independent administrators. Among heathen peoples. They
• 12:10
  Speaker 1: had engaged so extensively and shrewdly in trade that their estates, warehouses,
• 12:15
  Speaker 1: and exchanges bound together the fruitful fields of colonial provinces
• 12:19
  Speaker 1: with the busy marts and money centers of Europe. Their
• 12:23
  Speaker 1: wealth was believed to be enormous. Properly invested and carefully guarded,
• 12:27
  Speaker 1: it was rapidly increasing. What, however, made the order exasperating
• 12:33
  Speaker 1: alike to rulers and peoples were the powerful political intrigues
• 12:37
  Speaker 1: in which members of the order engaged strong and masterful
• 12:40
  Speaker 1: men themselves. The field of state affairs was irresistibly attractive,
• 12:45
  Speaker 1: Their enemies charged that they were unscrupulous, and the means
• 12:49
  Speaker 1: which they employed to accomplish political ends. It is quite
• 12:52
  Speaker 1: certain that the Jesuits were not patriotic in their purposes
• 12:56
  Speaker 1: or plans. They were an international corporation that members belonged
• 13:01
  Speaker 1: to known one nation. To them, the society was greater
• 13:05
  Speaker 1: and more worthy of devotion than any state in which
• 13:08
  Speaker 1: they themselves lived and worked. Discussion of the Society of
• 13:12
  Speaker 1: Jesus europad, however, reached the belief to which it adheres
• 13:17
  Speaker 1: today that a man must be true to the country
• 13:20
  Speaker 1: in which he lives and find shelter and protection, and
• 13:24
  Speaker 1: in which he ranks as a political member, or elsincer
• 13:27
  Speaker 1: odium and punishment. Thus it was their indifference to national
• 13:31
  Speaker 1: feeling that brought about the ruin of the Jesuits. It
• 13:34
  Speaker 1: is significant that the rulers, the most devoted to Catholicism,
• 13:38
  Speaker 1: followed one another in decreeing their expulsion from their dominions.
• 13:43
  Speaker 1: In seventeen fifty nine, they were expelled from Portugal, in
• 13:46
  Speaker 1: seventeen sixty four from France, and April second, seventeen sixty seven,
• 13:51
  Speaker 1: the degree of confiscation and banishment from Spain and all
• 13:54
  Speaker 1: Spanish possessions was issued by King Carlos the Third. Within
• 13:59
  Speaker 1: a year there aft, after the two most powerful princes
• 14:01
  Speaker 1: of Italy, the King of Naples and the Duke of Parma, followed,
• 14:06
  Speaker 1: and the Grand Master of the Knights of Malta expelled
• 14:09
  Speaker 1: them from that island. The friends of the order were
• 14:12
  Speaker 1: powerless to withstand this united front of Catholic monarchs, and
• 14:16
  Speaker 1: in July seventeen seventy three, Pope Clement the fourteenth suppressed
• 14:21
  Speaker 1: and dissolved the society, which was not restored until eighteen fourteen.
• 14:26
  Speaker 1: The Jesuits expelled from the Philippines. The order expelling the
• 14:30
  Speaker 1: Jesuits from the Philippines was put into effect in the
• 14:33
  Speaker 1: year seventeen sixty seven. The instructions authorized the governor, in
• 14:38
  Speaker 1: case of resistance, to use force of arms as against
• 14:42
  Speaker 1: the rebellion. Besides their colleges in Manila, Tonclo, Cavite, Leete, Samar,
• 14:49
  Speaker 1: Bool and Negros, the Jesuits administered curacies in the Vicinity
• 14:53
  Speaker 1: of Manila and Cavite Province, i Mindoro and Marinduque, while
• 14:59
  Speaker 1: the island Trians of Bohol, Samar and Leyte were completely
• 15:03
  Speaker 1: under their spiritual jurisdiction in Mindanao. Their missions, a dozen
• 15:07
  Speaker 1: or more in number, were found on both the northern
• 15:10
  Speaker 1: and southern coasts. Outside of the Philippines proper, they were
• 15:14
  Speaker 1: the missionaries on the Ladrones or Marianas. Their property in
• 15:19
  Speaker 1: the Philippines, which was confiscated by the government, amounted a
• 15:23
  Speaker 1: one million, three hundred twenty thousand pesos, although a great
• 15:27
  Speaker 1: deal of their wealth was secreted and escaped seizure through
• 15:30
  Speaker 1: the connivance of the governor. Raun Governor Anda's charges against
• 15:35
  Speaker 1: their religious orders, Donzimon de Anda had been received in
• 15:39
  Speaker 1: Spain with great honor for the defense which he had
• 15:42
  Speaker 1: made in the islands, and in seventeen seventy returned as
• 15:45
  Speaker 1: Governor of the Philippines. His appointment was bitterly resented by
• 15:49
  Speaker 1: the Friars. In seventeen sixty eight, Anda had addressed to
• 15:53
  Speaker 1: the King a memorial upon the disorders in the Philippines,
• 15:57
  Speaker 1: in which he openly charged the Friars with commercialists, neglect
• 16:01
  Speaker 1: of their spiritual duties, oppression of the natives, opposition of
• 16:05
  Speaker 1: the teaching of the Spanish language, and scandalous interference with
• 16:09
  Speaker 1: civil officials and affairs. Honda's remedy for these abuses was
• 16:13
  Speaker 1: the rigorous enforcement of the laws actually existing for the
• 16:16
  Speaker 1: punishment of such conduct, and the return to Spanish of
• 16:20
  Speaker 1: friars who requires to respect the law. He was, however,
• 16:24
  Speaker 1: only partially successful in his policy. During the six years
• 16:28
  Speaker 1: of his rule, he labored unremittingly to restore the Spanish
• 16:31
  Speaker 1: government and to lift it from the decadence and corruption
• 16:35
  Speaker 1: that had so long characterized it. There were strong traits
• 16:39
  Speaker 1: of the modern man in this independent and incorruptible official.
• 16:43
  Speaker 1: If he made many enemies, it is perhaps no less
• 16:45
  Speaker 1: to the credit of his character, and if in the
• 16:48
  Speaker 1: few years of his official life, he was unable to
• 16:51
  Speaker 1: restore the colony. It must be remembered that he had
• 16:54
  Speaker 1: few assistants upon whom to rely, and was without adequate
• 16:58
  Speaker 1: means the Moro pirates. The Moros were again upon their forays,
• 17:05
  Speaker 1: and in seventeen seventy one even attacked a pari on
• 17:08
  Speaker 1: the extreme northern coast of Luson and captured a Spanish missionary.
• 17:13
  Speaker 1: Anda reorganized the Armada de Pintalos, and toward the end
• 17:17
  Speaker 1: of his life, created also the Marina Sutil, a fleet
• 17:20
  Speaker 1: of light gunboats for the defense of the coasts against
• 17:23
  Speaker 1: the attack of pirates. English settlement. The hostility of the
• 17:28
  Speaker 1: Moto rulers was complicated by the interference of the English, who,
• 17:33
  Speaker 1: after the evacuation of Manila, continued to haunt the Sulu
• 17:36
  Speaker 1: archipelago with the apparent object of effecting a settlement by
• 17:41
  Speaker 1: treaty with the Sulu Sultan. They secured the succession of
• 17:44
  Speaker 1: the island of Balambangan, off the northern coast of Borneo.
• 17:49
  Speaker 1: This island was fortified and a factory was established, but
• 17:53
  Speaker 1: in seventeen seventy five the Moros attacked the English with
• 17:56
  Speaker 1: great fury and destroyed the entire garrison, except the governor
• 18:00
  Speaker 1: and five others, who escaped on board a vessel, leaving
• 18:04
  Speaker 1: a great quantity of arms and wealth to the spoils
• 18:06
  Speaker 1: of the Moros. The English factors, who had taken up
• 18:10
  Speaker 1: business on the island of Jolo fled in a Chinese junk,
• 18:14
  Speaker 1: and these events, so unfortunate to the English, ended their
• 18:17
  Speaker 1: attempts to gain a position in the Sulu Archipelago until
• 18:20
  Speaker 1: many years later increase in agriculture. Anda died in October
• 18:26
  Speaker 1: seventeen seventy six, and its successor, Don Jose Basco Ivaragas
• 18:31
  Speaker 1: was not appointed until July seventeen seventy eight. With Fiasco's governorship,
• 18:36
  Speaker 1: we see the beginning of those numerous projects for the
• 18:39
  Speaker 1: encouragement of agriculture and industry which characterized the last century
• 18:43
  Speaker 1: of Spanish rule. His blan Heneral Economico contemplated the encouragement
• 18:49
  Speaker 1: of cotton planting, the propagation of mulberry trees and silkworms,
• 18:54
  Speaker 1: and the cultivation of spices and sugar. Premiums were offered
• 18:58
  Speaker 1: for success in the introduction of these new products, and
• 19:01
  Speaker 1: for the encouragement of manufacturing industries suitable to the country.
• 19:05
  Speaker 1: And its people. Out of these plans grew the admirable
• 19:09
  Speaker 1: Socievad Economica de Amigos del Pais, which was founded by
• 19:13
  Speaker 1: Basco in seventeen eighty. The idea was an excellent one,
• 19:17
  Speaker 1: and the society, although suffering long periods of inactivity, lasted
• 19:21
  Speaker 1: for foli a century and from time to time was
• 19:23
  Speaker 1: useful in the improvement and development of the country and
• 19:27
  Speaker 1: stimulated agricultural experiments through its premiums and awards establishment of
• 19:32
  Speaker 1: the tobacco industry. Up to this time, the Philippine revenues
• 19:36
  Speaker 1: had been so unproductive that the government was largely supported
• 19:40
  Speaker 1: by a subsidy of two hundred fifty thousand paces a
• 19:42
  Speaker 1: year paid by Mexico. Basco was the first to put
• 19:46
  Speaker 1: the revenues of the islands upon a lucrative basis. To him,
• 19:50
  Speaker 1: was due the establishment in seventeen eighty two of the
• 19:53
  Speaker 1: famous tobacco monopoly Estanco de Tabaccos, which became of great
• 19:58
  Speaker 1: importance many years later as new and rich tobacco lands
• 20:02
  Speaker 1: like the gag Ai'an were brought under cultivation favorable commercial legislation.
• 20:09
  Speaker 1: The change in economic ideas which had come over Europe
• 20:13
  Speaker 1: through the liberalizing thought of the eighteenth century is shown
• 20:17
  Speaker 1: also by a most radical step to direct into new
• 20:19
  Speaker 1: channels the commerce of the Philippines. This was the creation
• 20:23
  Speaker 1: in seventeen eighty five of a great trading corporation with
• 20:27
  Speaker 1: special privileges and crown protection, the Royal Company of the Philippines.
• 20:33
  Speaker 1: The company was given a complete monopoly of all the
• 20:35
  Speaker 1: commerce between Spain and the Philippines, except the long established
• 20:39
  Speaker 1: direct traffic between Manila and Acapulco. All the old laws
• 20:44
  Speaker 1: designed to prevent the importation into the peninsula of wares
• 20:48
  Speaker 1: of the Orient were swept away. Philippine products were exempted
• 20:52
  Speaker 1: from all customs duties either on leaving Manila or entering Spain.
• 20:57
  Speaker 1: The vessels of the Company were permitted to visit the
• 20:59
  Speaker 1: ports of China, and the ancient and absurd prohibition which
• 21:03
  Speaker 1: prevented the merchants of Manila from trading with India and
• 21:05
  Speaker 1: China was removed, though still closing the Philippines against foreign trade.
• 21:11
  Speaker 1: This step was a veritable revolution in the commercial legislation
• 21:14
  Speaker 1: of the Philippines. Had the project been ablely and heartily supported,
• 21:19
  Speaker 1: it might have produced a development that would have advanced
• 21:21
  Speaker 1: prosperity half a century. But the people of Manila did
• 21:25
  Speaker 1: not welcome the opening of this new line of communication.
• 21:29
  Speaker 1: The ancient commerce with Acopulco was a valuable monopoly to
• 21:32
  Speaker 1: those who had the right to participate in it, and
• 21:35
  Speaker 1: their attitude toward the new company was one either of
• 21:38
  Speaker 1: indifference or hostility. In seventeen eighty nine, the port of
• 21:42
  Speaker 1: Manila was opened and made free to the vessels of
• 21:45
  Speaker 1: all foreign nations for the space of three years for
• 21:48
  Speaker 1: the importation and sale exclusively of the wares of Asia,
• 21:53
  Speaker 1: but the products of Europe, with the exception of Spain,
• 21:56
  Speaker 1: were forbidden. The Royal Company was recharted in eighteen o
• 21:59
  Speaker 1: five and enjoyed its monopoly until eighteen thirty, when its
• 22:03
  Speaker 1: privileges lapsed and Manila was finally opened to the ships
• 22:07
  Speaker 1: of foreign nations. Conquest of the Igorot provinces of Luson
• 22:12
  Speaker 1: Basco was a zealous governor and organized a number of
• 22:15
  Speaker 1: military expeditions to occupy the Igorot country in the north.
• 22:21
  Speaker 1: In seventeen eighty five, the Heathen egorotes of the missions
• 22:24
  Speaker 1: of Paniki and Utoi or Nleva Viscaya revolted and had
• 22:30
  Speaker 1: to be reconquered by a force of musketeers from Cakayan
• 22:35
  Speaker 1: conquest of the Bataness Islands. Basco also affected the conquest
• 22:40
  Speaker 1: of the batanis Islands to the north of Luson, establishing
• 22:43
  Speaker 1: garrisons and definitely annexing them to the colony. The Dominican
• 22:48
  Speaker 1: missionary shortly before this time had attempted to convert these
• 22:51
  Speaker 1: islands to Christianity, but the poverty of the people and
• 22:55
  Speaker 1: the fierceness of the typhoons which sweep these little islands
• 22:59
  Speaker 1: prevented the activation of anything more than camotes and tarro,
• 23:03
  Speaker 1: and had made them unprofitable to hold. Basco was honored, however,
• 23:07
  Speaker 1: for his reoccupation of these islands, and on his return
• 23:11
  Speaker 1: to Spain had the expiration of his governorship, received the
• 23:15
  Speaker 1: title of Count of the Conquest of the Botanists. End
• 23:19
  Speaker 1: of Chapter eleven, Part one recording by Nathan Markham