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A Ridiculous History of "Fad Diets," Part Two: Beverly Hills, Scarsdale and More · Ridiculous History

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Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of iHeartRadio. Welcome back to
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Speaker 1: the show, fellow Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as always so
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Speaker 1: much for tuning in. It is twenty twenty six. We're
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Speaker 1: back in our very studios, back from some travels, and
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Speaker 1: that's our super producer mister Max Williams with a lackluster
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Speaker 1: whoo whoo. Twenty six Baby, New Year, New you question,
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Speaker 1: is it a leaper Come on? Man told you that? No?
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Speaker 2: Is it a I do know I I have nothing
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Speaker 2: to say or weigh in, no pun intended for today's
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Speaker 2: topic about leap year.
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Speaker 1: It is out of my per view entirely. All right,
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Speaker 1: is it? No? It's not a leap year? Okay? Cool? Good?
1:08
Speaker 1: Thank god. I mean, if we're guessing we have a
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Speaker 1: pretty good chance of going with not a leap yer, fitty.
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Speaker 2: Shot, I should bet on polymarket on whether or not
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Speaker 2: it is a leap here is there is there a
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Speaker 2: market for that?
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Speaker 1: I am Ben Bolden. That's mister Noel Brown. Hello, you
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Speaker 1: know no, there feels some like there's something appropriate for
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Speaker 1: opening twenty twenty six with fad diets because this is
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Speaker 1: the time of year when a lot of people, for
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Speaker 1: better worse, say they're going to make some big life changes,
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Speaker 1: some resolutions, maybe eat a little better, maybe go to
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Speaker 1: the gym more often, et cetera, et cetera, or at
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Speaker 1: least drink more water. That's an easy one. That's a
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Speaker 1: big one. Man.
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Speaker 2: I successfully implemented that little health tweak about midway through
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Speaker 2: twenty twenty five, and boy o boy, if you're looking
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Speaker 2: to lose weight, I was told that being heavily hydrated
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Speaker 2: is a big factor in that, and it didn't really
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Speaker 2: make sense or read for me, But it turns out
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Speaker 2: it really is true. Just having that water bottle and
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Speaker 2: drinking it instead of like soda or even like soda, water,
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Speaker 2: which I was a huge fan of, has really made
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Speaker 2: a huge difference in the way I feel.
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Speaker 3: As soon as they'll start talking about water, both Ben
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Speaker 3: and I started drinking water.
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Speaker 1: It's huge to drink water. One pro tip, folks, Often
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Speaker 1: if you're struggling with feeling like you're overeating over indulging
2:32
Speaker 1: in the culinary arts, remember that often when you feel hungry,
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Speaker 1: it's your body just telling you you're dehydrated.
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Speaker 2: Because there's water in food, and if you take care
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Speaker 2: of that aspect of it with actual water, then you
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Speaker 2: might feel a little less peckish.
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Speaker 1: We know for a fact that we owe for a
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Speaker 1: fact that, yes, technically there is a threshold where a
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Speaker 1: person can drink too much water, but it's pretty hard
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Speaker 1: to get there to achieve. Yeah, yeah, you can't really
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Speaker 1: do it by accident. Let's just put it right. You
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Speaker 1: really have to go for it. Also, you cannot live
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Speaker 1: on water alone, at least not for a long time.
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Speaker 1: What about vitamin water? Nope? Also not. Don't believe fifty
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Speaker 1: he's just trying to make a buck. Don't believe that
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Speaker 1: the fifties drop.
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Speaker 2: That guy's having a bit of a moment, isn't he
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Speaker 2: Absolutely Yeah?
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Speaker 1: Have you seen that diddy doc? Yes, And he is
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Speaker 1: just a non parallel hater for better or worse, and
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Speaker 1: he's good at it. He doesn't affect his craft. You
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Speaker 1: could save fifties a fad, right, or fifties hating is
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Speaker 1: a fad.
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Speaker 2: He certainly hasn't had a hit in a hot minute.
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Speaker 2: But he's been famous for other things, right, very much.
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Speaker 1: So, And one being vitamin water, the other one being
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Speaker 1: hilariously spiteful and petty, like buy all the tickets for
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Speaker 1: your concert so no one goes was that job rule.
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Speaker 2: I think that was job rule. Where was jaw rule
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Speaker 2: in all of this is what we are asking. But
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Speaker 2: that is such a what a good troll, and he
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Speaker 2: apparently got a real good deal on him. He said
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Speaker 2: they were on a groupon, which is already just him
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Speaker 2: putting that out there is the jarals dikets. They're like
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Speaker 2: discount ben diketts, and he just bought up a lot
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Speaker 2: of them.
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Speaker 1: That's just the twist of the knife. On to our episode.
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Speaker 1: We know since humans began human ing that people were
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Speaker 1: trying to figure out the science of food, what kind
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Speaker 1: of regimen of nutrition is going to be best for
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Speaker 1: your health, best for your longevity, et cetera. And this
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Speaker 1: leads us to our continuing exploration of fad diets. So
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Speaker 1: do check out the first one and be aware this
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Speaker 1: is round two because there are just so many fad
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Speaker 1: diets for sure.
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Speaker 2: From our dear friend and research associate Wren. And you know,
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Speaker 2: since you mentioned human ing, it's one of those things
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Speaker 2: where like you get past the point of just pure
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Speaker 2: survival and sustenance and just trying to live, then you
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Speaker 2: start really drilling down into the minutia of like things,
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Speaker 2: whether it be delicious flavors or specific regimens that lead
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Speaker 2: to certain results, and with that pursuit you get some quackery.
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Speaker 1: Absolutely. You know, first, let's define a fad diet. A
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Speaker 1: fad diet, according to Frontiers and Nutrition, is a popular
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Speaker 1: dietary pattern that's often sold as a quick fix for obesity.
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Speaker 1: This is where you see a lot of the quackery
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Speaker 1: we're mentioning, because these diets get marketed with very specific
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Speaker 1: claims that often don't really measure up scientifically, like the
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Speaker 1: facts are not there to support this with reality.
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Speaker 2: Yeah, and no one putting forth any of these diets
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Speaker 2: would qualify or classify them as fad because if that
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Speaker 2: inherently is something that is a flash in the pan
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Speaker 2: that has a moment and then disappears, that is the
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Speaker 2: very nature of a fad. So it's almost like no
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Speaker 2: one would call their religion a cult necessarily.
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Speaker 1: It's a designation of let's just say less than quality. Yeah, Yeah,
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Speaker 1: it's a The term fad diet is a pejorative and
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Speaker 1: it's often applied in retrospect. In our Yeah, in our
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Speaker 1: first episode we talked about stuff like tapeworm supplements, rubber underwear,
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Speaker 1: and then you know, methamphetamine, which used to have a lot,
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Speaker 1: a lot less of a bad reputation when it first
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Speaker 1: hit the scene, oh one hundred percent.
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Speaker 2: As you mentioned that quote from Frontier's nutrition, they specifically
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Speaker 2: refer to things that defy the basic principles of biochemistry
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Speaker 2: and nutritional adequacy.
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Speaker 1: I just like the way they put that there.
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Speaker 2: So the collective knowledge that we as a species have
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Speaker 2: of nutritional science has of course grown, and we are
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Speaker 2: talking about a lot of stuff from yesteryear where the
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Speaker 2: science says, of course, outpaced many of these potentially effective
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Speaker 2: regimes you know, of nutrition. So let's just throw that
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Speaker 2: out there right now. We're not trying to poop on
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Speaker 2: history too much.
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Speaker 1: And this is also not to be taken as medical advice. People.
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Speaker 1: Please check with a doctor, check with the nutritionist, go
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Speaker 1: check with a podcaster your health. It barely wants you
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Speaker 1: to take any of us as historical advice, right. Yeah.
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Speaker 1: So now we see that as society learns more about
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Speaker 1: the human body and more about nutrition, a lot of
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Speaker 1: what we still call fad diets are evolving in step
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Speaker 1: with that. Stuff like keto, paleo, whole thirty and so on.
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Speaker 1: They're less extreme than you know, poisoning yourself with tapeworms.
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Speaker 1: But but the night Right and seventy No.
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Speaker 2: You swallow it. You swallow the tapeworm and then it
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Speaker 2: comes out of your body.
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Speaker 1: It's still poisoning.
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Speaker 2: It's not good introducing a parasite into your digestive tract.
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Speaker 2: And you know, Ren points out that a lot of
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Speaker 2: these things run in cycles, and interestingly enough, you mentioned
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Speaker 2: a body positivity earlier. We are kind of in another
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Speaker 2: sort of skinny chic cycle right now, and largely that
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Speaker 2: has been pushed forth by the availability of a lot
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Speaker 2: of these drugs that are being used for weight loss.
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Speaker 2: And I have used these and had some great results personally,
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Speaker 2: paired with diet and exercise. I think they can be
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Speaker 2: a great tool. But it does seem like it's sort
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Speaker 2: of replaced a lot of like public figures who have
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Speaker 2: now lost a ton of weight. It seems like body
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Speaker 2: positivity has kind of gone out the window now in
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Speaker 2: a way because of that stuff, because of the golp ones.
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Speaker 1: And again no ding have used them myself.
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Speaker 2: I just think culturally we're starting to see a swing
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Speaker 2: back to the nineties heroin chic kind of silhouettes, and
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Speaker 2: maybe some of that sort of fad diet era.
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Speaker 1: Stuff, and the cycle will inevitably swing back again. One
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Speaker 1: thing that I'm a huge fan of, and again this
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Speaker 1: is not medical advice, is something called intermittent fasting. It's
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Speaker 1: not just what you eat, but it's when you eat
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Speaker 1: that matters. And I did not know until we're diving
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Speaker 1: into the research of this, so that back in the
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Speaker 1: nineteen seventies there was an extreme version of this, or
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Speaker 1: a related version of this, the Scarsdale diet, starving on purpose.
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Speaker 2: Not to be confused with the scars Guard diet, which
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Speaker 2: is being devilishly attractive from a dynasty of excellent actors.
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Speaker 1: And also not to be confused with the Christian Bale
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Speaker 1: Machinist diet, which everyone should ever try. I know.
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Speaker 2: There was another crazy one, Ryan Gosling. Apparently this is
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Speaker 2: so funny, And then we'll get right back on track.
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Speaker 2: He got a role in that movie The Lovely Bones,
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Speaker 2: and then just unilaterally, without asking anybody involved in the production,
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Speaker 2: decide that his character was supposed to be pudgy. So
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Speaker 2: before he even showed up the set, he just binged
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Speaker 2: on like melted bra ice cream and gained a bunch
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Speaker 2: of weight, and then turned up to set and.
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Speaker 1: The director was like, what the hell this is? You're
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Speaker 1: out of here, and he got fired. I just gotta
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Speaker 1: jump in here.
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Speaker 3: In the Fat Mac season of Always Sonny as well,
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Speaker 3: Yes I'm.
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Speaker 1: Gonna be fat, we shall get fat. No we're not
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Speaker 1: doing that. All right, Well I'm getting fat.
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Speaker 2: And I gotta say when I was heavier on the
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Speaker 2: heavier side, I thought that made me feel kind of good.
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Speaker 1: You know.
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Speaker 2: It was like, Okay, this is Max showing a little
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Speaker 2: body positivity.
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Speaker 1: And then of course he gets crazy ripped later in
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Speaker 1: the series as well. And this brings us back to
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Speaker 1: the Scarsdale diet. So what's created by a cardiologist named
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Speaker 1: Herman Tarnower in nineteen seventy eight, not Herman Scarsdale. Interesting,
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Speaker 1: go on, and here's the pitch. If you follow the
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Speaker 1: Scarsdale Diet, says Herman, you can lose twenty pounds in
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Speaker 1: two weeks as long as you adhere strictly to the
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Speaker 1: plan from his book, The Complete Scarrsdale Medical Diet. Originally
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Speaker 1: Scarsdale bit coming from let's see, originally he is a
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Speaker 1: lake we said, he's a cardiologist. So he's aiming to
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Speaker 1: help people who have cardiovascular issues, and it's really it's
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Speaker 1: all about caloric restriction.
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Speaker 2: It does turn out by them. Sorry, I just had
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Speaker 2: to throw this out because it was making me crazy.
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Speaker 2: It's named after Scarsdale, New York, which was a wealthy
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Speaker 2: suburb of New York where doctor Herman Tarnauer found his practice.
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Speaker 1: And the idea then is that we're attaching this diet
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Speaker 1: to celebrity, right to success. It's aspirational. But going back
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Speaker 1: to the caloric restriction thing, his pitch is this eat
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Speaker 1: one thousand calories or less per day and avoid the
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Speaker 1: following butter, pasta, beans, lentils, potatoes, sugar, salad, dressing, and alcohol.
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Speaker 2: Well and contained in a lot of these fad diets
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Speaker 2: are little nuggets of truth, little nuggets of things that
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Speaker 2: we could all probably think about, like limiting cars, et cetera,
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Speaker 2: being a little more conscious about consuming alcohol, for example,
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Speaker 2: maybe not consuming quite as much oily or fatty foods.
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Speaker 2: But then we also hear opposite perspectives often that there's
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Speaker 2: the good fat and all of that, which makes all
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Speaker 2: lot of this stuff really tough to suss out, the
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Speaker 2: the you know, the truth of But the red flag
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Speaker 2: here for me, Ben, I think for you too, is
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Speaker 2: that one thousand calories a day. I mean, we know
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Speaker 2: that two thousand calories a day is what's recommended. This
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Speaker 2: seems like quite a restriction and not very sustainable.
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Speaker 1: This is a tough one. I was also surprised to
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Speaker 1: see beans on the list. Beans they're the magical fruit.
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Speaker 1: It's it's so weird, all right. If you look at
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Speaker 1: the way he schedules this out, then you'll see that
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Speaker 1: there are no breakfasts, there are no snacks, there are
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Speaker 1: no desserts. We have an example from a typical Thursday
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Speaker 1: on the Scarsdale Diet.
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Speaker 2: We've got some two egg breakfasts any style, any style.
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Speaker 1: This is lunch.
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Speaker 2: Hey, oh that's lunch. Okay, well I'm gonna call it
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Speaker 2: breakfast because the eggs for lunch. That's crazy talk, Isn't
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Speaker 2: it funny?
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Speaker 1: Though?
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Speaker 2: How we associate certain foods with breakfasts and like it's
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Speaker 2: this weird mental block. Eating breakfast for lunch is so bizarre.
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Speaker 2: But in other countries, yeah, it doesn't apply in other countries.
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Speaker 2: No fun fact, fu is a breakfast food in Vietnam.
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Speaker 1: And it makes a lot of sense.
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Speaker 2: And I will absolutely make a breakfast ramen sometimes or
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Speaker 2: like something like a noodlely, you know, ramen with an
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Speaker 2: egg on top. How do you like your eggs? By
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Speaker 2: the way, Ben poached, poached is what I was gonna say.
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Speaker 2: It's clearly the best way, texture wise, great combo. So
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Speaker 2: for lunch on a Thursday, you're gonna have two eggs
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Speaker 2: any style, but we're gonna say poached, but no fat
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Speaker 2: used in the cooking.
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Speaker 1: Hmm, how are you gonna do that? I guess a
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Speaker 1: little bit of oil, and isn't oil.
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Speaker 3: Fatty though oil is very fatty. Now you're gonna end
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Speaker 3: up with about an entire egg stuck.
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Speaker 2: To the pan, a real gnarly egg. And this was
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Speaker 2: before the days of hexclad. You know, we got low
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Speaker 2: fat cottage cheese, which is alone's always you could poach
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Speaker 2: an egg without fat, of course you could, but this
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Speaker 2: says any style, so clearly poached would be the preferred method.
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Speaker 2: You do poach an egg without fat, that's would be
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Speaker 2: the way to do it. You kind of boil it
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Speaker 2: and you got to get the swirl going and then
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Speaker 2: scoop it out so you don't break it.
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Speaker 1: It's a little tough to get right.
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Speaker 2: Low fat cottage cheese, really, I grew something about cottage
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Speaker 2: es just gives me the willies.
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Speaker 1: Zucchini or string bean or sliced or stewed tomatoes. One
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Speaker 1: slice of protein bread. Okay, let's hold on, let's please
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Speaker 1: do Yeah? Is that like neutral loaf what we're talking here?
14:28
Speaker 1: That stuck out to me when I saw protein bread? Essentially,
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Speaker 1: it's just it's just enriched bread. It has higher amounts
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Speaker 1: of protein, usually from like Pea protein Pea or Way
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Speaker 1: proteinage Way.
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Speaker 2: And then if you wish, you can have yourself a
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Speaker 2: little coffee or tea, but no.
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Speaker 1: Milk in it. No milk eley, no no good. Moving
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Speaker 1: on to dinner, you want to give us our dinner
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Speaker 1: options for the evening. So you've been a good kid,
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Speaker 1: you have not had any you skip to breakfast. It's
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Speaker 1: time to ball out with a Scarsdale dinner. You can roast,
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Speaker 1: broil or barbecue chicken all you want, and you have
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Speaker 1: to get rid of the best part, the skin invisible
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Speaker 1: fat before you eat it. You can have all the spinach,
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Speaker 1: green peppers, and string beans you want, even though you
15:19
Speaker 1: ate string beans for lunch earlier. You can finish off
15:22
Speaker 1: with some coffee or some tea.
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Speaker 2: You know you know again this veggie. These veggie options
15:26
Speaker 2: make a lot of sense. You can eat your body
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Speaker 2: weight in spinach and veggies and be in a good place.
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Speaker 2: So in nineteen eighty Tarnhauer was sadly shot. That was
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Speaker 2: a twist by his girlfriend, Jean Harris, who was the
15:41
Speaker 2: headmistress of an illustrious girls school. They met later in
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Speaker 2: life as forty somethings, well actually fifty something for tarnaw
15:51
Speaker 2: Er forty three for Harris. They never married, but they
15:56
Speaker 2: lived together for quite some time, and after fourteen years
15:59
Speaker 2: of that hour he was a bad boy and he
16:02
Speaker 2: went for a younger woman, a nurse who was working
16:06
Speaker 2: in his office.
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Speaker 1: The whatever the self own here is pretty stunning. I
16:13
Speaker 1: also want to go back and note that not only
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Speaker 1: can you eat your body weight in spinach, but you
16:20
Speaker 1: can buy your body weight in spinach and it cooks
16:22
Speaker 1: down to about a cup cooks. Don I just had
16:25
Speaker 1: away more than you think. Yeah, you always need more
16:28
Speaker 1: than you think. And our guy got into much more
16:32
Speaker 1: trouble than he thought with his philandering. His partner, Gene Harris,
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Speaker 1: found the other woman's curlers and nightgown in their home.
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Speaker 1: Just not good opsite sloppy, no, sir. So this.
16:57
Speaker 2: Caused Sure to fly into a raid, it would seem,
17:01
Speaker 2: and she shot him, and it made the news, made headlines,
17:05
Speaker 2: this trial that she was put on. There was support
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Speaker 2: for her from the feminist community, citing a history of
17:14
Speaker 2: emotional abuse and pointing to this outlandish act as her
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Speaker 2: being pushed beyond the limits that a woman could be pushed.
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Speaker 1: Right, And then you had the other side, where people
17:27
Speaker 1: were saying from the matmosphere, yeah, was this innocent man,
17:32
Speaker 1: not really, because he was philandering, but he should not
17:36
Speaker 1: have been murdered for it. Either way, it's so right.
17:40
Speaker 1: Wherever people found themselves on the spectrum, they were still
17:44
Speaker 1: captivated by Harris. Because she was an affluent professional, She
17:49
Speaker 1: was polished with pearls, she was from a high socioeconomic standing,
17:53
Speaker 1: and she didn't fit the usual stereotypes of a crazy,
17:57
Speaker 1: violent woman who was scorn. People were more and more
18:01
Speaker 1: interested in her. Ultimately, she does get convicted of second
18:05
Speaker 1: degree murder. She only serves twelve years in prison. You know,
18:10
Speaker 1: keep in mind they have been together for fourteen years.
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Speaker 1: She's older. He was killed, Yeah, he was fatally shot. Yes, Yes,
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Speaker 1: I'm sorry, it was a murder. Trial.
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Speaker 2: And weirdly enough, if you can imagine, this was kind
18:24
Speaker 2: of great publicity for the Scarsdale Diet. I guess any
18:28
Speaker 2: publicity is good publicity, as they say, yeah.
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Speaker 1: And this leads to this leads to another controversy right now,
18:38
Speaker 1: the Scarsdale Medical Diet, the book itself is no longer
18:42
Speaker 1: in print because despite various differences in findings in philosophy,
18:48
Speaker 1: experts now agree it is dangerous for adults, most of
18:52
Speaker 1: them to consume under twelve hundred calories per day. And
18:55
Speaker 1: it's also incredibly difficult to action stick to that meal
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Speaker 1: regimen for any long amount of time. Correct.
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Speaker 2: And I don't know if it's possible to find these,
19:07
Speaker 2: but I would be curious to check them out. This
19:09
Speaker 2: whole scandal of the shooting in this you know, torrid
19:13
Speaker 2: affair was made into two count them made for TV movies.
19:19
Speaker 1: Maybe while you pull these up, you can switch out
19:22
Speaker 1: your usual popcorn snack for the next diet on our
19:28
Speaker 1: menu today, eggs and Wine diet.
19:32
Speaker 2: Boy And as our wonderful researcher REND headlined this section,
19:37
Speaker 2: the flirty and the farty the eggs and Wine Diet,
19:41
Speaker 2: It's exactly what it sounds like. Ben for three days.
19:45
Speaker 2: Dieters were meant to consume only eggs and wine. Not
19:50
Speaker 2: clear whether it's red or white. Imagine it's red because
19:52
Speaker 2: it's always, you know, being discussed as something that's like
19:55
Speaker 2: good for your health and your heart. For both breakfast
19:58
Speaker 2: and lunch, and for dinner they could have a nice
20:01
Speaker 2: five ounce steak with wine pour it on top, you know.
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Speaker 1: Yeah, so you're basically drinking at minimum a bottle of
20:10
Speaker 1: wine a day. I didn't diet breakfast wine. This makes me.
20:15
Speaker 1: This reminds me of one of my favorite My favorite
20:18
Speaker 1: jokes about our fair city of Metropolis are excellent public
20:23
Speaker 1: radio service. For a long time, there was a show
20:26
Speaker 1: called two Cups and Two Cups had just this amazing
20:32
Speaker 1: local celebrity and journalist Lewis Reixes, And I always wondered,
20:36
Speaker 1: is it two cups of coffee? What if it was
20:38
Speaker 1: like two cups of wine? And Dad explains why she
20:42
Speaker 1: was so chill in the morning.
20:43
Speaker 2: She was very chill. She retired recently. Yes, this is
20:47
Speaker 2: an absolute legend. She even did some remember when she
20:49
Speaker 2: did those adult swim bumpers back in the day. Yeah,
20:52
Speaker 2: absolute legend.
20:53
Speaker 1: I remember, I remember when Lewis Reix's for a little
20:57
Speaker 1: while years back. She did the traffic and it was
21:02
Speaker 1: just so strange to hear her described car accident.
21:05
Speaker 2: She had a very has a very distinct voice. I
21:08
Speaker 2: believe due to some sort of respiratory condition.
21:12
Speaker 1: She has a tough time kind of catching her breath,
21:14
Speaker 1: but it leads to this excellent, relaxing cadence in the
21:18
Speaker 1: way she speaks. Asmr all day big Lois Reis's fans
21:24
Speaker 1: and there were people who were big fans of the
21:26
Speaker 1: eggs wine diet. The idea rusher wine moms. Yeah. The
21:33
Speaker 1: idea was apparently that the regular diet by itself was boring.
21:40
Speaker 1: Just eat eggs and then you get a little steak
21:42
Speaker 1: at the end of the day, So the alcohol makes
21:45
Speaker 1: the menu more palatable. I don't know about that. That
21:49
Speaker 1: seems a little little like a slippery slope.
21:52
Speaker 2: I do love an egg and they are excellent sources
21:54
Speaker 2: of protein, and I've been trying to consume more eggs lately,
21:57
Speaker 2: but I couldn't live on egg It didn't, however, promise
22:02
Speaker 2: major weight loss, only about five.
22:05
Speaker 1: Pounds but in three days. So this was super attractive
22:09
Speaker 1: for folks who were looking to shed a little bit
22:11
Speaker 1: of weight before say a wedding or a holiday or
22:15
Speaker 1: like a beach getaway or something like that. The diet
22:18
Speaker 1: was originally debuted in nineteen sixty two in the best
22:23
Speaker 1: selling book Sex and the Single Girl, The Unmarried Woman's
22:27
Speaker 1: Guide to Men, which offered dating advice, advice on things
22:32
Speaker 1: like sexual friendships, affairs, work, life balance, money stuff, you know, style, eating,
22:41
Speaker 1: and of course drinking. Yeah, this is very much the
22:45
Speaker 1: kind of thing you would read in later magazines like
22:48
Speaker 1: Cosmo or Vogue. In fact, got this got another cyclical
22:54
Speaker 1: splurge of popularity fifteen years after its first publication because
22:59
Speaker 1: it's re published in the Vogue Body and Beauty Book
23:02
Speaker 1: in nineteen seventy seven. And the idea is, whatever your age,
23:08
Speaker 1: you can stay cute and petite and sexually attractive as
23:12
Speaker 1: red ads, even if you're drunk off your ass by
23:15
Speaker 1: eleven am and your fart smell of sulfur. Gotta love it.
23:19
Speaker 1: Moving on to the eighties, seems like a lot.
23:22
Speaker 2: There was a trend of a lot of these diets
23:23
Speaker 2: being named after the locations in which were found, things
23:26
Speaker 2: like the South Beach Diet, the Scarsdale Diet, of course,
23:30
Speaker 2: and the Beverly Hills Diet, which we've done episodes in
23:34
Speaker 2: the past about the magic pineapple, how it was a
23:37
Speaker 2: status symbol. You had to rent a pineapple, or you
23:40
Speaker 2: could rent a pineapple, and it was emblazoned and all
23:42
Speaker 2: kinds of metal work and things as a sign of opulence.
23:46
Speaker 2: So it makes sense that this was a feature of
23:48
Speaker 2: the Beverly Hills Diet, of the Beverly Hills being a
23:51
Speaker 2: place known for its opulence.
23:53
Speaker 1: This was first published in nineteen eighty one by Judy Masel. Yeah. Absolutely,
23:58
Speaker 1: Unlike our pal her Masl didn't have a background in
24:03
Speaker 1: medicine or nutrition. She did have a lot of moxy though,
24:07
Speaker 1: and her lack of professional qualifications would not stop her
24:11
Speaker 1: from creating what La Times calls a theory about food
24:16
Speaker 1: enzymes and the digestive system that she formulated into a
24:20
Speaker 1: complicated weight reducing plan. She did this because a small,
24:27
Speaker 1: still voice inside her told her to leave the freeway
24:31
Speaker 1: and buy cashews in nineteen seventy four.
24:35
Speaker 2: Okay, it's a very specific internal voice. I don't know
24:39
Speaker 2: how did this relate to her ultimate dreams of movie stardom?
24:44
Speaker 1: Yeah, she I think, like so many other people in
24:48
Speaker 1: the area, she was trying to get trying to become famous,
24:55
Speaker 1: trying to work in entertainment and Hollywood, and like a
24:59
Speaker 1: lot of people, unfortunately, she struggled with her own body
25:04
Speaker 1: image throughout her life. At the age of nine, she
25:08
Speaker 1: went to her first appointment with what was called a
25:11
Speaker 1: diet doctor, and she said her struggle to in her mind,
25:15
Speaker 1: her struggle to maintain or control her weight, was the
25:20
Speaker 1: reason for her failure to really break through as an actor.
25:24
Speaker 1: And that's just a terrible way to feel about yourself.
25:26
Speaker 2: Yeah, no acting or no acting, it's not a good
25:29
Speaker 2: way to feel. And as we know and discussed in
25:31
Speaker 2: the last Fad Diets episode, a lot of these quote
25:34
Speaker 2: unquote diet doctors of the time, pretty sure, well into
25:37
Speaker 2: the nineties, may even still be somewhere around.
25:39
Speaker 1: We're just giving people amphetamines. Oh one hundred percent. Yeah,
25:43
Speaker 1: And luckily Masl's plan is a little bit less heavy
25:47
Speaker 1: on amphetamines. But she is really good at marketing. Again,
25:52
Speaker 1: these diets are aspirational. I want to do what the
25:55
Speaker 1: stars are doing. What are the successful people eating? How
25:59
Speaker 1: can I look like one of them? So her diet
26:02
Speaker 1: plan gets really successful because it gets celebrity supporters Linda
26:07
Speaker 1: Gray from the soap opera Dallas. The first Lady of
26:10
Speaker 1: California at the time, Maria Shriver Inglebert Humperdink. I love
26:16
Speaker 1: that name. It's just so weird. Did you know that's
26:18
Speaker 1: not his real name, that's his stage name that he
26:21
Speaker 1: chose that he thought that was a good idea.
26:23
Speaker 2: Ingolbert Humperdink was a classical composer who wrote the opera
26:28
Speaker 2: Henzel and Gretel. So I think he was just borrowing
26:31
Speaker 2: it from that, because it is like an amazingly absurd name,
26:34
Speaker 2: sort of like our pal Kurt Vile borrowed his stage name,
26:37
Speaker 2: I believe from the weirdo composer as well the threepenny opera.
26:42
Speaker 1: Nice. And as as this diet, the Pineapple diet, we're
26:47
Speaker 1: getting to as it becomes more and more popular with
26:50
Speaker 1: the swells and the to do's, Mazel does make it
26:55
Speaker 1: to the spotlight. She gets featured on talk shows. They're
26:58
Speaker 1: broadcast around the world to promote her diet plant, the
27:02
Speaker 1: Beverly Hills Diet. If you follow it, they say, in
27:07
Speaker 1: just fifteen days you could lose thirty five pounds. Nope.
27:12
Speaker 1: Hearing that number and that amount of time makes me
27:16
Speaker 1: really worried for the person on this diet. Oh.
27:18
Speaker 2: Absolutely, that's just it doesn't seem very safe. You know,
27:22
Speaker 2: typically you'd lose that amount of weight in like, you know.
27:24
Speaker 1: A year. Yeah, I mean, according to masl it's not
27:29
Speaker 1: just the food that you eat, it's the order in
27:32
Speaker 1: which that food is consumed. You can only eat fruit
27:37
Speaker 1: during breakfast on an empty stomach, and then once you
27:41
Speaker 1: ate lean proteins, you could no longer eat fruit for
27:44
Speaker 1: the rest of the day. Yeah.
27:47
Speaker 2: These kind of specific order of operations things that are
27:50
Speaker 2: real red flag y. Yeah, agree, especially from someone without
27:54
Speaker 2: a science back.
27:55
Speaker 1: Uh, it is a fruit heavy diet, but which has
27:59
Speaker 1: a lot of sugar in it. It has a lot
28:00
Speaker 1: of sugar. But here's the thing you might hear lean protein. Okay,
28:05
Speaker 1: so if that's my switch, I'll just figure out when
28:07
Speaker 1: I want to eat the lean protein and then no
28:09
Speaker 1: more fruit for a day. Unfortunately, you are supposed to
28:13
Speaker 1: eat nothing but fruit for the first ten days on
28:18
Speaker 1: the fifteen day diet, so no protein. Yeah, so on
28:21
Speaker 1: day eleven you can have some protein a little bit
28:24
Speaker 1: of carb as a treat, and that's the second phase
28:27
Speaker 1: of the plan. She loved pineapples, she thought fruit enzymes,
28:32
Speaker 1: if you consume them first, they made your digestive tract
28:36
Speaker 1: better at breaking down other foods later.
28:40
Speaker 2: Yeah, like a lot of the tenets of these fad diets,
28:42
Speaker 2: that's a myth that has since been discredited by actual
28:46
Speaker 2: doctors and scientists. So as a little aside, all of
28:50
Speaker 2: those fruits, as you can imagine, were not particularly great
28:54
Speaker 2: for other aspects of digestion aka pooping.
28:59
Speaker 1: Yeah, us, you're super into pooping. You would be disappointed
29:04
Speaker 1: to learn that all this consumption can lead to diarrhea.
29:09
Speaker 1: Now on the other side, this diet plan, it's still
29:13
Speaker 1: very Beverly Hills. They're not saying you can't have alcohol,
29:18
Speaker 1: but they are saying you have to have some rules.
29:21
Speaker 1: Beer or hard spirits, they have to be consumed with carbohydrates.
29:26
Speaker 1: You can only have red and white wine with fruit.
29:30
Speaker 1: And champagne per masal is neutral. It can be consumed anytime.
29:36
Speaker 2: It's almost like there's a certain like the humor's aspect
29:40
Speaker 2: to this, Yes, in the champagne is the neutral humor
29:44
Speaker 2: that is so Hollywood.
29:46
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, old Hollywood, very Gatsby esque, you know, champagne. Yeah,
29:50
Speaker 1: And someone's like, dear Lord Zelda it's nine to thirty
29:54
Speaker 1: in the morning. No, it's okay. Champagne isn't the champagne.
29:58
Speaker 1: It's neutral.
30:00
Speaker 2: It could be consumed with any of these outline food
30:03
Speaker 2: groups that Masls came up with. So you know, of course,
30:08
Speaker 2: professional nutritionists were a little skeptical, dare we say wary
30:13
Speaker 2: of Mezel's diet plan because they believed that it was
30:17
Speaker 2: quack science.
30:18
Speaker 1: Yeah. Yeah, And Masil basically said, I hear you, and
30:24
Speaker 1: then went on to do whatever she wished. And yet
30:27
Speaker 1: here I go on there another talk show. To spread
30:30
Speaker 1: the good word. She went to publish several war books
30:34
Speaker 1: offering nutritional advice, all inspired by that disembodied voice that
30:39
Speaker 1: told her to chase some cashowes. I think I maybe
30:41
Speaker 1: interrupted you when you brought that up in and I'm sorry.
30:43
Speaker 2: The voice did tell her to get the cashoes, at
30:45
Speaker 2: which point she pulled over to a health food store, right,
30:48
Speaker 2: and then found some book that I believe.
30:51
Speaker 1: Sparked the idea of this whole enterprise. Yeah, one hundred percent.
30:56
Speaker 1: I mean, you got to take the inspiration where you
30:58
Speaker 1: find it, right.
31:00
Speaker 2: Listen to all the voices as listen to them, single one.
31:04
Speaker 1: We've got a great episode on intuition coming up for
31:07
Speaker 1: stuff that'll want you to know, folks, we can't wait
31:09
Speaker 1: for you to tune in for that one. This next one.
31:12
Speaker 1: Full disclosure. I have members of my family who tried
31:17
Speaker 1: out the fad diet known as slim Fast. I think
31:28
Speaker 1: we all probably did. It was absolutely huge.
31:30
Speaker 2: The little pre made Sheiks Thompson Medical Company founded this
31:35
Speaker 2: enterprise in the late seventies. Slim Fast hit a massive
31:39
Speaker 2: commercial stride in the eighties and would continue on to
31:45
Speaker 2: dominate the industry into the millennium. So by two thousand,
31:49
Speaker 2: the year two thousand, slim Fast generated over one billion
31:54
Speaker 2: dollars in global sales, which would look a little closer
31:57
Speaker 2: to two billion if you did the old inflation calculator.
32:01
Speaker 1: Bee boopo. Yeah, I mean this is serious money. At first.
32:07
Speaker 1: What you're buying a supplement kind of it's a powder
32:10
Speaker 1: sick a packet and you're supposed to mix it with milk.
32:15
Speaker 1: You can still find slim fast these days. They'll have
32:19
Speaker 1: all these candy flavors, you know, like vapes or pop tarts.
32:22
Speaker 1: That's a red flag right there too.
32:24
Speaker 2: Yes, yeah, let's get let's let's lose weight by drinking
32:27
Speaker 2: milk shakes just so, I mean, we're the flavors to
32:32
Speaker 2: kind of.
32:34
Speaker 1: They they are flags like coffee House, Caramel Latte, triple
32:39
Speaker 1: Berry vanilla.
32:40
Speaker 2: Yeah yeah, but it was not even ingredient that was
32:43
Speaker 2: meant to promote weight loss, isn't it Essentially just like
32:46
Speaker 2: a protein shake, it's meant to be a food replacement,
32:49
Speaker 2: and it's a way of limiting your calories by knowing
32:53
Speaker 2: exactly what you're consuming, you know, in the form of
32:56
Speaker 2: this this shake or this powder.
32:58
Speaker 1: Right, Yeah, yeah, it's it's very dense with vitamins and minerals,
33:03
Speaker 1: but it's it's trying to concentrate all the good stuff
33:07
Speaker 1: and eliminate the calories that usually come along with a
33:11
Speaker 1: full meal. It also reminds me of something funny that
33:16
Speaker 1: happened at our job years and years back. We started
33:22
Speaker 1: getting shipments of something called fuel sponsor for let's not
33:27
Speaker 1: forget about soilin Oh yeah, soilent as well. That was
33:30
Speaker 1: a moment for us because folks, technically the FCC requires
33:36
Speaker 1: us to actually try out any product if we're going
33:40
Speaker 1: to endorse it on the air, which is a good
33:42
Speaker 1: law to have, And so we ended up drinking fuel
33:46
Speaker 1: and soilent. It wasn't that mass people. No, No, it's fine.
33:51
Speaker 2: But it's a really good thing to bring up in
33:53
Speaker 2: because it very much is a modern equivalent of this
33:58
Speaker 2: exact bad diet. And I believe, if I'm not mistaken
34:01
Speaker 2: soil intent Chuel, they do have more nutrients in them.
34:04
Speaker 2: They've got other vitamin content and.
34:06
Speaker 1: Proteins, etc.
34:07
Speaker 2: So there's something to it if that's the route you
34:10
Speaker 2: want to go and you use it responsibly. But they
34:13
Speaker 2: did initially, you know, truck this product out as a
34:16
Speaker 2: get thin quick scheme, right, and their first try at
34:22
Speaker 2: it was in the form of a cherry red and
34:25
Speaker 2: this really threw me for a loop and.
34:27
Speaker 1: Predigested liquid protein.
34:28
Speaker 2: It makes me think of the way the mama bird
34:30
Speaker 2: like choose up food and spits it into the baby
34:32
Speaker 2: bird's mouth.
34:33
Speaker 1: Yuck.
34:34
Speaker 2: This came out in nineteen seventy seven and it was
34:36
Speaker 2: quickly recalled, if you can imagine, for containing bacterial contamination.
34:42
Speaker 1: So they had to do a little bit of a pivot. Yeah,
34:44
Speaker 1: you know, not every first at bat is going to
34:47
Speaker 1: be a home run. But thankfully they had already been
34:52
Speaker 1: working around the clock at their lab. They had invented
34:55
Speaker 1: a chocolate protein powder. And this was not a huge
35:00
Speaker 1: revolutionary idea at this point in the seventies, so they
35:04
Speaker 1: didn't invest too much into the marketing for this thing
35:08
Speaker 1: that would become called slim fast in protein powder. The
35:12
Speaker 1: reason it's not revolutionary per se is because protein powder
35:17
Speaker 1: had first been commercialized and popularized way back in the
35:21
Speaker 1: nineteen fifties by a guy named Irvin Johnson who ran
35:26
Speaker 1: a gym in health studio in Chicago one hundred percent.
35:29
Speaker 2: It was initially, you know, as it is often today,
35:32
Speaker 2: used as a supplement for bodybuilders to bulk up.
35:36
Speaker 1: Yeah. Yeah, And the demand for the product then starts.
35:41
Speaker 1: It starts in a specialized way with a pretty niche demographic,
35:45
Speaker 1: but Johnson's competitors start catering to the same audience. They're
35:50
Speaker 1: kind of trying to eat his bodybuilder lunch. The Thompson
35:53
Speaker 1: Medical Company, the originators of slim Fast, they say, Okay,
35:58
Speaker 1: there are a lot of protein powder is on the market.
36:01
Speaker 1: We have to do a serious rebrand. Uh, So we've
36:04
Speaker 1: got to pivot. What if we sold this protein powder
36:08
Speaker 1: not to bodybuilders, not to the good folks reading Ironman magazine,
36:13
Speaker 1: but what if we sold it to regular people? What
36:18
Speaker 1: if we specifically targeted women and we said, this is
36:21
Speaker 1: not a quick fix to get you know, to up
36:24
Speaker 1: your your body mass and your your muscle mass. This
36:28
Speaker 1: is a way for you to be healthy and maybe
36:32
Speaker 1: lose some weight to get slim fasts. Yes, just like
36:35
Speaker 1: mattress firm is a pusful.
36:37
Speaker 3: So if I can jump in here real quick, I
36:39
Speaker 3: want to just make sure that everyone knows that this
36:43
Speaker 3: is Irvin Johnson with an.
36:44
Speaker 1: I, not E, who is or E A R V
36:50
Speaker 1: I N.
36:51
Speaker 3: Johnson, who is also more commonly known as Magic Johnson.
36:55
Speaker 1: Great max with the facts in phona and peaceful in knowledge.
37:05
Speaker 1: It's just for you right now, the fact indeed there
37:11
Speaker 1: it is well done, Happy twenty twenty six. So this
37:16
Speaker 1: this is not a pretty great idea. But then they
37:19
Speaker 1: run into a catch. It's something called the Cambridge diet.
37:24
Speaker 1: To the point to get about diets being named after places,
37:26
Speaker 1: that's right.
37:27
Speaker 2: The Cambridge diet was developed by a doctor named Alan Howard.
37:31
Speaker 2: He was a professor at Cambridge University. That's the one,
37:34
Speaker 2: the Cambridge University. This diet plan was pretty straightforward. You'd
37:38
Speaker 2: drink three of these Cambridge shakes a day instead of
37:41
Speaker 2: eating meals meal replacement. And you know, they did contain
37:44
Speaker 2: some of the valuable nutrients that our bodies need, vitamins
37:48
Speaker 2: and minerals, et cetera, but the total daily caloric content
37:51
Speaker 2: cocked it in an estimated three hundred and thirty calories,
37:55
Speaker 2: which is way too low, like starvation territory, right.
38:00
Speaker 1: It's the epitome of feeling like you're eating but not
38:04
Speaker 1: actually eating. So much so that the FDA stepped forward
38:09
Speaker 1: and warned the public about the Cambridge diet. And when
38:12
Speaker 1: that happened, slim fast weedling its fingers, steepling them like
38:18
Speaker 1: Monty Byrn. Is it a swoop? Yeah, they saw it,
38:21
Speaker 1: They saw the position, they took the advantage, and they
38:24
Speaker 1: popped through the marketplace and they started advertising directly against
38:29
Speaker 1: the Cambridge Diet with a slogan that would have made
38:32
Speaker 1: Don Draper very proud. A shake for breakfast, a shake
38:36
Speaker 1: for lunch, then a sensible dinner. That's the slogan they adopted. Yeah,
38:42
Speaker 1: same model, just packaged a little differently.
38:45
Speaker 2: Same model as the Cambridge Diet in the way the
38:48
Speaker 2: Thompson Company packaged it and distanced itself from this FDA
38:52
Speaker 2: scrutiny on Cambridge diet was by suggesting that its consumers
38:55
Speaker 2: should not rely solely on their product for assustenance, that
38:58
Speaker 2: sensible dinner recommendation, and then it's outside of the purview
39:02
Speaker 2: of their slop that they're feeding you exactly. Yeah, that
39:06
Speaker 2: sounds mean, it's probably fine for some people. Just it
39:08
Speaker 2: is kind of gross and it's I don't like the
39:10
Speaker 2: idea of subsisting on shakes. There is a better way,
39:13
Speaker 2: fruits and vegetables, just eating a well balanced diet.
39:16
Speaker 1: All of this stuff, it just seems so missing the point.
39:19
Speaker 1: You know, people will do anything but exercise. Man, that's
39:23
Speaker 1: part of it. So let me just have a magic
39:26
Speaker 1: coupo something not change my shoot behavior. Yeah, but okay,
39:33
Speaker 1: let's fast forwards the nineteen nineties, slim Fast is still
39:37
Speaker 1: very well known at the tippity top of the fat
39:40
Speaker 1: diet pyramid. But by the late two thousands we see
39:45
Speaker 1: the cycles shift once more, and now people are going
39:49
Speaker 1: away from this pseudo medical diet philosophy and aesthetic and
39:56
Speaker 1: they're going back to what we would call the ancestral
39:59
Speaker 1: diet trends, like what are the cavemen eat? Why can't
40:02
Speaker 1: I eat like a cave boy?
40:04
Speaker 2: The paleo all this, and the thing is man bodies
40:07
Speaker 2: are different, like everybody is different, and some things work
40:11
Speaker 2: well for some and not well for others. So it's
40:15
Speaker 2: important to try different things and figure out, you know,
40:17
Speaker 2: like Anthony Keatas for example, like of the red Hot
40:20
Speaker 2: chili peppers. Recently, I saw a clip where he was
40:22
Speaker 2: talking about how when he was dating a nutritionist at
40:27
Speaker 2: some point in the past and she recommended that he
40:29
Speaker 2: eat like wild meats, that he felt great and then
40:33
Speaker 2: he had all this energy and that he was able
40:35
Speaker 2: to build all this muscle and stuff. So I don't know,
40:37
Speaker 2: maybe uh, Anthony Keta's wild meats was was the answer
40:41
Speaker 2: that he needed. But it's also a lot of it's relative,
40:44
Speaker 2: you know. I mean, I think the biggest takeaway is
40:47
Speaker 2: just don't overdo it. Just try to be a little
40:51
Speaker 2: bit sensible.
40:52
Speaker 1: Yeah. I would also say, folks, most importantly, at least
40:57
Speaker 1: from my perspective, be kind to yourself. Don't let society
41:02
Speaker 1: tell you that, don't let them foist expectations or requirements
41:07
Speaker 1: on you. It's okay to be who you are, you know,
41:10
Speaker 1: And that's something that I think we miss a lot
41:13
Speaker 1: of times, not just in the entertainment world, but especially
41:15
Speaker 1: in the age of ubiquitous social media. You can also
41:21
Speaker 1: bet to your bottom dollar that there are going to
41:24
Speaker 1: be more fad diets on the way because of what
41:27
Speaker 1: they promise, right or what they imply. It's just it's
41:32
Speaker 1: just too nice for it not to happen again, and
41:34
Speaker 1: it's too profitable. And when you run into a fad
41:37
Speaker 1: diet that seems too good to be true, history has
41:41
Speaker 1: proven it probably is, yeah, for sure.
41:45
Speaker 2: And not to mention that we're in an era particularly
41:48
Speaker 2: fraught with misinformation right now. You have a lot of
41:52
Speaker 2: these folks that are pitching things like bone broths and
41:55
Speaker 2: all of this kind of like doomsday.
41:57
Speaker 1: Supplements and things like that, and they just.
41:59
Speaker 2: They don't have your best interest in heart, and it's
42:01
Speaker 2: just important to do your own research and again figure
42:03
Speaker 2: out what works best for you. But know that there
42:06
Speaker 2: really isn't a magic bullet. And even if that those
42:09
Speaker 2: z epic of it all, you know, seems like a
42:12
Speaker 2: magic bullet, there are people that take that and they
42:14
Speaker 2: don't do any exercise, and they don't change their diet,
42:17
Speaker 2: and they kind of they are skinny, but they look
42:21
Speaker 2: they don't. It's not I don't know, they just don't
42:23
Speaker 2: look healthy. And I just think it's important to pair
42:25
Speaker 2: any quote unquote magic bullet treatment with sensible behavior in
42:30
Speaker 2: changing the way that you approach you know, eating and living.
42:34
Speaker 1: And then when you get off of the gop one,
42:38
Speaker 1: unless there's serious behavior change, what we've seen so far,
42:41
Speaker 1: even with the relatively new rollout of this, is that
42:44
Speaker 1: the weight returns, you know.
42:47
Speaker 2: So it is key to learn a little bit of
42:51
Speaker 2: restraint and try to just you know, just get your
42:53
Speaker 2: steps in. Just little things like that can make a
42:55
Speaker 2: huge difference in your mental health and in your you know,
42:59
Speaker 2: the way you look and the way you feel.
43:01
Speaker 1: So yeah, none, no preaching here, something at you on
43:04
Speaker 1: or we could all just do meth Kitty kitty nobody.
43:08
Speaker 1: That's not the great. That's not a great way to
43:10
Speaker 1: start twenty twenty six. Fist full of Mommy's little helpers,
43:13
Speaker 1: and thank you so much for starting your year with us, folks.
43:18
Speaker 1: We're so happy that you're joining us. Big, big thanks
43:21
Speaker 1: to our super producer mister Max Williams and Alex Williams
43:25
Speaker 1: who composed this track.
43:26
Speaker 2: Huge thanks again to our reach Asso Shit and pal
43:29
Speaker 2: Ran for this excellent part two of fad diets to
43:32
Speaker 2: kick off twenty twenty six with you ridiculous Historians. Also
43:36
Speaker 2: a huge thanks to Chris Frasciotis and he's Jef Coates,
43:38
Speaker 2: Kier and Spirit.
43:39
Speaker 1: Big big thanks of course to Gary Dorsey also known
43:43
Speaker 1: as Ingolbert Humperding. I don't know the name like that.
43:47
Speaker 1: I guess see maybe why I had changed the name.
43:48
Speaker 1: It was a little dull. Okay, yeah, Big things to
43:51
Speaker 1: doctor Rachel Big Spinach Lance A J. Bahamas Jacobs, the
43:55
Speaker 1: Puzzler and a civil yet cold acknowledgment of Jonathan Strickland
44:02
Speaker 1: aka the Quister to find how to Jonathan Man?
44:06
Speaker 2: How much spinach do you think doctor Lance has to
44:09
Speaker 2: cook down to make a big spinach?
44:11
Speaker 1: Oh? Man, it's so much. I think she owns its
44:16
Speaker 1: land dedicated to growing spinach.
44:18
Speaker 2: Crops, Doctor Rachel Big Spinach Lance Landed.
44:21
Speaker 1: Gentry the spinach Tycoon. We'll see you next time, folks.
44:33
Speaker 2: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,
44:36
Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.