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34 - Mary Tudor - The Bloody Queen · Who Did What Now With Katie Charlwood

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Speaker 1: Okay, everybody, and welcome back to Who Did Want Now?
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Speaker 1: The history podcast That's not your history class with me,
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Speaker 1: you're partially horse host Katie Charlwood, History Harlotte and reader
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Speaker 1: of books. Well, we have returned, We have returned. I
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Speaker 1: still can't believe it's been a week since I was
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Speaker 1: in Edinburgh, and I absolutely want to go back there again.
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Speaker 1: I want to go back there again. It was so good,
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Speaker 1: it was so honestly, I literally came back, went to work,
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Speaker 1: saw my kids, for a day and then went back
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Speaker 1: to work. It's been full on. I usually try and
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Speaker 1: organize my time a little bit better, but just the
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Speaker 1: way things have fallen out this time, it's just how
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Speaker 1: it was. But yeah, I would absolutely go back to
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Speaker 1: Edinburgh again. It was so much fun. And there's a
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Speaker 1: few more history things I'd like to do because I
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Speaker 1: didn't get to do all of it because you know,
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Speaker 1: you're going to save something for your next time. So
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Speaker 1: you know, if anybody is looking for an incredibly niche
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Speaker 1: internet micro celebrity who challenges the colonial perception of history
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Speaker 1: in Edinburgh, I'd love to be involved. Absolutely. So I
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Speaker 1: ended up going on a ghost her actually when I
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Speaker 1: was there and me being me, so they asked a
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Speaker 1: question about Mort Saves and if you remember the Barking
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Speaker 1: Hair episode, we covered that. So the two guiy is like,
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Speaker 1: does anybody know what this is? And I'm like, I know,
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Speaker 1: at the top of the class, like I know, I know,
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Speaker 1: I know, and I was like me me, big me,
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Speaker 1: big me. I was like Mort Saves. I was so
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Speaker 1: This week's topic has actually been chosen by Jamie. I
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Speaker 1: what you're thinking. You're thinking, quit your jibber jabber in
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Speaker 1: fact me, In fact you I will. But first we're
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Speaker 1: going to get our source on. Like I said, this
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Speaker 1: week's episode was chosen by one of my new patrons, Jamie,
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Speaker 1: who wanted me to cover the first Queen of England
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Speaker 1: in her own right, Mary Tudor, Mary the First, also
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Speaker 1: known as Bloody Mary. But what she really as scary
5:22
Speaker 1: as we think? Well, I guess you'll just have to
5:25
Speaker 1: wait and find it. So our sources are Mary Tudor
5:32
Speaker 1: the First Queen by landa Porter, Mary Tudor, Courageous Queen
5:37
Speaker 1: or Bloody Mary by Jane Buchanan and Mary Tudor, England's
5:42
Speaker 1: first Queen, bye Anne Whitelock. Now we also have our
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Speaker 1: old friends' History dot com, History Extra dot co dot
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Speaker 1: UK and the Smithsonian dot Com. Let's start from the beginning,
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Speaker 1: shall we. On the eighteenth of February fifteen sixteen at
5:58
Speaker 1: the Palace of Palencia in Greenwich, England, and Mary Tudor
6:01
Speaker 1: was born to King Henry the Eighth and Queen Katherine,
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Speaker 1: the King and Queen of England. Anyone who's been slightly
6:09
Speaker 1: aware of Tudor history would know that Catherine later became
6:13
Speaker 1: known as Catherine of Aragone. Now fun fact, the reason
6:17
Speaker 1: she's called that was to demote her title. Now Mary
6:20
Speaker 1: would now be known as like a rainbow Baby. Effectively,
6:24
Speaker 1: I would cover this before, but pretial care in Tudor,
6:28
Speaker 1: England was kind of fucked up, to be honest, bit
6:31
Speaker 1: dodgy by the way, bit dodgy. There was like, hey,
6:34
Speaker 1: eat these really really rich foods and sit in this darkened,
6:38
Speaker 1: stuffy room for months, like okay, no exercise or fresh
6:42
Speaker 1: air for you, bitches. So Mary is the only child
6:47
Speaker 1: between Henry and Catherine that survives infancy. So before Mary
6:52
Speaker 1: was born, the four previous pregnancies they had resulted in
6:57
Speaker 1: a stillborn daughter, two stillborn sons, and one son Henry,
7:01
Speaker 1: the Duke of Cornwall, who only lived a couple weeks.
7:05
Speaker 1: So at this point Henry and Catherine they're like super
7:10
Speaker 1: into Catholicism. They're like, woo, Christianity is awesome. Like they
7:16
Speaker 1: had their own private chapel and they would pray like
7:19
Speaker 1: several times a day. It was a big thing. Three
7:22
Speaker 1: days after she's born, Mary gets baptized at the Church
7:25
Speaker 1: of the Observant Friars in Greenwich. Her godparents. She's got
7:30
Speaker 1: one godfather and two godmothers. So there is Lord Chancellor
7:34
Speaker 1: Thomas Wolsey, then Catherine of York, Countess of Devon, and
7:38
Speaker 1: Agnes Howard Duchess of Norfolk. So because of her mum,
7:42
Speaker 1: Mary was raised in a very similar way. She was educated,
7:46
Speaker 1: she was more so than most women of the time.
7:50
Speaker 1: So Mary she learns French, Spanish, Greek, she can read
7:54
Speaker 1: to andrite Latin. She studies music and dance. So one
7:59
Speaker 1: of the things she is she learns to play the virginals,
8:02
Speaker 1: which is like which is basically a type of HAPs accord.
8:06
Speaker 1: So like, when she's like four and a half nearly five,
8:10
Speaker 1: a French delegation comes to visit and she, you know,
8:13
Speaker 1: performs for them. I mean, how good can a four
8:16
Speaker 1: and a half year old be on a halps accord? Really,
8:18
Speaker 1: my kid tries to, like my five year old tries
8:21
Speaker 1: to play a piano, and I'm aware of what that
8:23
Speaker 1: sounds like. I guess that a French delicate would not
8:26
Speaker 1: want to insult the king's daughter, especially a king who's
8:29
Speaker 1: known for just slaughtering anyone who annoys him. So while
8:34
Speaker 1: she's younger, Henry the eighth really dotes on her. He
8:38
Speaker 1: so it seems like at the beginning Henry really cared
8:42
Speaker 1: for Mary, but clearly somewhere along the lines, once he
8:46
Speaker 1: realized she was his only legitimate air that love waned somewhat,
8:52
Speaker 1: so by the time she's nine, Mary is sent to
8:56
Speaker 1: basically the border of Wales. She gets Ludlow Cast, and
9:00
Speaker 1: she gets her own court in Ludlow Castle and a
9:03
Speaker 1: bunch of stuff that's normally reserved for the Prince of Wales,
9:08
Speaker 1: like to the point where people actually refer to her
9:11
Speaker 1: as the Princess of Wales, even though she doesn't have
9:13
Speaker 1: the visual title. So like, Over the next three years,
9:15
Speaker 1: she's still a regular visitor at you know, Henry's court,
9:19
Speaker 1: but she's still mainly residing in Ludlow. Eventually she returns
9:25
Speaker 1: like permanently to the Home Counties around fifteen twenty eighth.
9:31
Speaker 1: For those of you who don't know, the Home Counties
9:33
Speaker 1: are these counties that surround London. It's not an exact location,
9:40
Speaker 1: it's more of a general consideration, so effectively, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Berkshire, Essex,
9:47
Speaker 1: Kent and Hertfordshire and sometimes like Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Hampshire, Oxfordshire
9:54
Speaker 1: and Sussex are included. But it's kind of yea n
9:59
Speaker 1: and so Mary, like quite a lot of princesses, She's
10:04
Speaker 1: betrothed quite a bit. The thing about royals is there's
10:09
Speaker 1: this whole thing about diplomatic relations and building dynasties and
10:14
Speaker 1: all that fucking nonsense. So when she's like two two
10:19
Speaker 1: years old, she's like pre engaged to the Dauphin of France,
10:24
Speaker 1: and then that's like, you know, pushed to the side,
10:27
Speaker 1: and she gets engaged to her cousin, the Emperor Charles
10:30
Speaker 1: the fifth, I think is the head of the Holy
10:33
Speaker 1: Roman Empire. He's like sixteen years older than her, which
10:36
Speaker 1: is creepy and weird, but that again goes by the wayside.
10:41
Speaker 1: So yeah, so wolf like Henry, they're working on this
10:43
Speaker 1: bloody alliance with France and they basically put together this
10:47
Speaker 1: marriage contract. It says Mary would marry either King franz
10:52
Speaker 1: Is the First or his second son, the Duke of Orleans.
10:56
Speaker 1: But like, they end up with an alliance anyway. So
10:59
Speaker 1: again I guess ripped up and thrown away. And then
11:02
Speaker 1: they thought, you know, closer to home. They were trying
11:05
Speaker 1: to arrange for her to marry her cousin, James the
11:08
Speaker 1: fifth of Scotland. But what did she look like, I
11:13
Speaker 1: hear you ask, because sure so Mary is referred to
11:18
Speaker 1: as an I swear to God she is referred to
11:21
Speaker 1: as a pretty well proportioned young lady with a fine
11:26
Speaker 1: complexion who can ask for anything further than that. So,
11:30
Speaker 1: by all accounts, she looks like a cross between her parents.
11:33
Speaker 1: She has strawberry blonde hair, pale blue eyes, and ruddy cheeks.
11:39
Speaker 1: So the ruddy cheeks are definitely from Henry and he's ginger,
11:43
Speaker 1: but Cabin of Arragon was also strawberry blonde, so she
11:46
Speaker 1: looks like them. So, because Henry the eight, you know,
11:50
Speaker 1: decides to parade his white pudding all over England and
11:53
Speaker 1: probably a little bit of France as well, he's got
11:56
Speaker 1: at least one illegitimate sudden we know of, because he
11:59
Speaker 1: granted him titles and all this orshed, and he's got
12:03
Speaker 1: Ane Boleyn shacked up in the castle. So during this time,
12:08
Speaker 1: the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and Henry the eighth
12:11
Speaker 1: is tumultuous at best. At this point, he's already doing
12:16
Speaker 1: this thing with Ane Berleyn. Henry the absolute golober Mount
12:19
Speaker 1: is trying to marry amberley In, and in order to
12:22
Speaker 1: do that, he wants to annul his marriage to Katherin
12:24
Speaker 1: of Aragon, so, you know, in order to divorce Catherine,
12:28
Speaker 1: he has to break from the Catholic Church. So he
12:30
Speaker 1: does all that stuff, and Mary gets deemed illegitimate. And
12:36
Speaker 1: to add insult to injury, because Kavin of Argon, who
12:40
Speaker 1: is going through a fucking mental breakdown, is not allowed
12:44
Speaker 1: to see her daughter. So when Mary is thirteen, her
12:48
Speaker 1: mother is banished. She has been deemed illegitimate. And so
12:54
Speaker 1: when Mary's thirteen, she starts going through these like depressive states,
12:57
Speaker 1: and she's got a regular period and a bunch of
13:01
Speaker 1: other shit goes wrong. And because it's so long ago,
13:04
Speaker 1: we don't know whether this is some kind of version
13:07
Speaker 1: of PCOS or whether this situation is caused by just
13:11
Speaker 1: like puberty in medieval England or fucking stress, because I
13:17
Speaker 1: definitely feel stress has you know, some part to play
13:20
Speaker 1: in this. Because you're thirteen years old, You're going through
13:23
Speaker 1: Pubert egg, all those hormones going on. Your parents are
13:27
Speaker 1: getting divorced, not just divorced, your father is actively campaigning
13:32
Speaker 1: for God's representative on earth to deem that you are
13:37
Speaker 1: not legitimately his. Your mother has been banished. You are
13:41
Speaker 1: not allowed to visit her or communicate with her. The
13:45
Speaker 1: entire religion, the very core of your faith that you
13:49
Speaker 1: have been raised in is being turned on its head.
13:53
Speaker 1: You know, it's just it's it's not good. It's not easy.
13:56
Speaker 1: I mean having a stepmom is tough at the best
13:58
Speaker 1: of times. But like Jesus, but yeah fit. By the
14:05
Speaker 1: time she's fifteen, Henry Mary's ane Boleyn, the Archbishop of
14:09
Speaker 1: Canterbury formally declares that the marriage between Catherine and Henry
14:13
Speaker 1: is void and the marriage to Anne is valid. And
14:17
Speaker 1: the Archbishop of Canterbury formally declares that the marriage between
14:22
Speaker 1: Catherine and Henry is null and void and that the
14:26
Speaker 1: marriage to Anne is valid. Henry states that he is
14:30
Speaker 1: now the Supreme Head of the Church of England and
14:33
Speaker 1: tells the Pope to fuck off. So naturally, Catherine loses
14:37
Speaker 1: her title and gets demoted back to Dowager Princess of Wales,
14:41
Speaker 1: which was like her title before before she married Henry
14:44
Speaker 1: and Mary. Mary gets declared illegitimate, so instead of being
14:50
Speaker 1: Princess Mary, she's now known as the Lady Mary. She
14:55
Speaker 1: gets knocked out of the line of succession and her
14:58
Speaker 1: half sister Elizabeth takes her place. Mary loses her household
15:03
Speaker 1: or her servants, so she loses her title, her servants,
15:08
Speaker 1: her parents, her place in the line of succession, and
15:12
Speaker 1: she is forced to join the household and basically serve
15:18
Speaker 1: her half sister. So now on top of everything else
15:22
Speaker 1: that's happened, she is being forced to be a servant
15:26
Speaker 1: to the very person I mean, granted it's not the
15:28
Speaker 1: baby's fault, has happened by her replacement, Like that's going
15:32
Speaker 1: to suck. So being the strong, world determined, fucking firecracker
15:38
Speaker 1: that she is in a completely baller move, Mary is
15:41
Speaker 1: just like, fuck this for a game of soldiers. I'm
15:44
Speaker 1: not calling you queen, and I'm not calling her the princess.
15:47
Speaker 1: She's looking that no, which really pisses Henry off because
15:51
Speaker 1: he fucking hates being defied in any way. Like, as
15:58
Speaker 1: far as he's concerned, his word is gone. God, you
16:00
Speaker 1: do as he says, you have to agree with him
16:03
Speaker 1: all the time. So being part of Elizabeth's household is
16:07
Speaker 1: kind of like being in an open prison. And like
16:10
Speaker 1: the strain of everything, Mary is just ill. So like
16:14
Speaker 1: during this time, Mary is really fucking ill, and the
16:18
Speaker 1: Royal physician basically says it's because of her ill treatment.
16:22
Speaker 1: So because she's treated like shit, that's why she's ill.
16:25
Speaker 1: He's basically saying, yeah, you did this, you made her sick. Henry,
16:29
Speaker 1: by the way, this is your fault, you know, in
16:32
Speaker 1: not so many words, and effectively, over the next three years,
16:37
Speaker 1: Mary and Henry just don't speak to each other. They
16:40
Speaker 1: just don't talk up until the point where Catherine of
16:44
Speaker 1: Aragon is on her deathbed and Mary pleads and begs
16:48
Speaker 1: to go see her mother and Henry Flyty refuses because
16:51
Speaker 1: he's a cunt. And when Catherine dies in fifteen thirty six,
16:57
Speaker 1: Mary is understandably inconsolable. She wasn't even allowed to attend
17:03
Speaker 1: the funeral of her own mother. Frankly, I'm surprighted she
17:06
Speaker 1: was as calm as she was. So yeah, later on
17:10
Speaker 1: that very year, am Bleyn gets executed. Henry's like, m
17:15
Speaker 1: done now bye bye. So Elizabeth, like Mary, is declared illegitimate.
17:20
Speaker 1: She loses her place in the line of succession. And
17:24
Speaker 1: Elizabeth kind of gets to the short end of this
17:25
Speaker 1: tick here because basically she's deeemed double illegitimate because Henry
17:31
Speaker 1: marries Jane Seymour, who was a lady awaiting to Kathain
17:33
Speaker 1: of Arka, and it was like absolutely adored her, so
17:37
Speaker 1: you know, so she tries to get Henry to make
17:41
Speaker 1: peace with Mary, but not Elizabeth. She doesn't give a
17:43
Speaker 1: fuck about Elizabeth. So Henry, you know, is convinced by
17:48
Speaker 1: Jane to make peace with his daughter, just one of them, obviously,
17:52
Speaker 1: but naturally, he has a list of demands. First of all,
17:56
Speaker 1: she has to recognize him as the head of the
17:59
Speaker 1: Church of England and basically renounce papal authority, so effectively,
18:05
Speaker 1: she has to accept that Henry is closer to God
18:07
Speaker 1: than the fucking Pope. But okay, not only that, she
18:11
Speaker 1: has to openly acknowledge that the marriage between her mom
18:16
Speaker 1: and dad was a lawful and that she is illegitimate. Initially,
18:21
Speaker 1: she's like, sure, I'll submit to your authority as far
18:26
Speaker 1: as God and my conscious permit. But in the end
18:30
Speaker 1: she gets bullied into signing this fucking document agreeing to
18:35
Speaker 1: all of Henry's bullshit demands. So she does get some
18:39
Speaker 1: of her privileges back. She's still the lady Mary, She's
18:42
Speaker 1: still illegitimate, but she's got like a household. She gets
18:45
Speaker 1: a lead privy part so she's got some money coming
18:47
Speaker 1: in and she resumes her place at court. So the
18:52
Speaker 1: next year, Jane dies after giving birth to Prince Edward,
18:57
Speaker 1: the only legitimate son of Henry the eighth. So by
19:02
Speaker 1: the time Jane Seymour dies, Mary has definitely managed to
19:06
Speaker 1: curtail herself a wee bit, so she's not being as
19:10
Speaker 1: overt and opinionated at least, you know, openly, because she
19:17
Speaker 1: is elevated to the point where she's made godmother to
19:21
Speaker 1: Edward and she acts as the chief mourner at Jane
19:26
Speaker 1: Seymore's funeral. So even though she's technically illegitimate at this point,
19:34
Speaker 1: you know, she's still the king's daughter and as such
19:37
Speaker 1: she's still a decent match. So Duke Philiper Bavaria, he's
19:41
Speaker 1: trying to like get her hand in marriage, but he's
19:44
Speaker 1: Lutheran and she's like, nope, no, thank you by now.
19:48
Speaker 1: And here's the interesting part. So England's trying to have
19:52
Speaker 1: this alliance with the Duchy of Cleaves and they're thinking
19:56
Speaker 1: Mary and the Duke of Claves they're the same age,
20:00
Speaker 1: so they know they try and work something out with them,
20:02
Speaker 1: but instead they're like, hey, he's got two sisters, and
20:08
Speaker 1: one of whom is Anne Anne of Claves, and they're like,
20:12
Speaker 1: you know what this will do? Instead, and so Henry,
20:16
Speaker 1: Mary's Anne of Claves. So now Mary's on stepmother number three,
20:21
Speaker 1: and she actually really gets on with Anne and really
20:24
Speaker 1: and if you look at the story of Anne of
20:26
Speaker 1: Claves and how she survived, you can really see that
20:30
Speaker 1: Mary and Elizabeth really learned from her as a person.
20:35
Speaker 4: So, yeah, Anne and Henry, their marriage is anulled, and
20:41
Speaker 4: Henry marries Catherine Howard, stepmother and number four.
20:46
Speaker 1: So when Henry marries stepmother number four, Catherine Howard, who
20:50
Speaker 1: is younger than Mary, she's not too pleased. She doesn't
20:54
Speaker 1: like her, she finds her frivolous and stupid, and she's
20:56
Speaker 1: just not into it. So after Catherine park do get
20:59
Speaker 1: the it's the Royal Christmas Festivities and Henry is without
21:03
Speaker 1: a wife, so Mary gets called in and has to
21:07
Speaker 1: act as the hostess, effectively for the Christmas festivities. No marriages,
21:13
Speaker 1: no consort. Mary basically does the women's part in axe
21:18
Speaker 1: of a hostess. But by fifteen forty three, stepmother number five,
21:23
Speaker 1: Catherine Parr, convinces Henry to bring the family together so
21:30
Speaker 1: to reconcile properly with both of his daughters, and both
21:33
Speaker 1: Mary and Elizabeth are added to the line of succession
21:37
Speaker 1: after Edward, so they've got their their spots back effectively.
21:42
Speaker 1: So Henry dies eventually, So Henry the Eighth dies in
21:46
Speaker 1: fifteen forty seven and is succeeded by his son Edward.
21:49
Speaker 1: Now Edward is still a kid, so he's got this
21:54
Speaker 1: counsel who basically a ro the show, and Edward no
21:58
Speaker 1: offense with a little fucking shit. So the country is
22:03
Speaker 1: basically ruled by Protestants and Mary is really really Catholic,
22:07
Speaker 1: and her practicing her own religion basically becomes illegal. And
22:13
Speaker 1: for most of Edward's reign, Mary basically stayed in her
22:16
Speaker 1: own estates and didn't attend court. There was like plans
22:21
Speaker 1: to smuggle her out of England for her own safety,
22:23
Speaker 1: but they didn't come to anything. And at Christmas of
22:28
Speaker 1: fifteen fifty, Elizabeth and Mary they're invited to you know,
22:33
Speaker 1: reunite with their brother who's thirteen, and he publicly embarrasses
22:39
Speaker 1: her in front of everyone because she refuses to denounce Catholicism,
22:43
Speaker 1: and it gets to the point that both Mary and
22:48
Speaker 1: Edward end up sobbing in front of everybody. Okay, no
22:55
Speaker 1: matter what happens throughout Edward's reign, Mary refuses to give
23:01
Speaker 1: in to his demands. She's like, no, no, thank you,
23:05
Speaker 1: I'm fine. Three years later, Edward the sixth dies, maybe
23:11
Speaker 1: from tuberculoss, We're not entirely sure, but being a staunch
23:16
Speaker 1: Protestant and a stubborn teenager, he really didn't want Mary
23:21
Speaker 1: to be the next queen, so he decides to contradict
23:23
Speaker 1: the active succession and named Lady Jane Gray as his successor. So,
23:30
Speaker 1: before King Edward's death is you know, made public, John
23:34
Speaker 1: Dudley secures control of the tower and the Royal Artillery
23:38
Speaker 1: and so he basically has the Royal Artillery and all
23:42
Speaker 1: the money at his disposal, so he feels like he's
23:44
Speaker 1: secured London and Lady Jane gets declared queen. Unfortunately for
23:51
Speaker 1: Lady Jane and Dudley, Mary gets tipped off that Edward
23:54
Speaker 1: was you know, on his deathbed and she fucking rushes
23:58
Speaker 1: across East Anglia. She gets to Suffolk and raises her
24:02
Speaker 1: standard and rallies the gentry and all the people to
24:06
Speaker 1: her cause. So basically the area where Mary was at
24:10
Speaker 1: was full of Dudley's enemies because he'd quashed like a
24:14
Speaker 1: rebellion there like beforehand, so she has this fucking militia
24:18
Speaker 1: and she orchestrates a fucking coup. So on the tenth
24:24
Speaker 1: of July fifteen fifty three, Lady Jane gets proclaimed queen,
24:28
Speaker 1: and on that same day Mary's letter to the Privy
24:32
Speaker 1: Council arrives basically with orders for her proclamation as Edward's successor.
24:38
Speaker 1: So by the nineteenth of July, so nine days later,
24:41
Speaker 1: Jane is deposed. The support for her has completely collapsed,
24:45
Speaker 1: and her and her dad there in prison in the
24:47
Speaker 1: Terror of London. So Mary rides into London on the
24:51
Speaker 1: third of August with just like a fuck ton of support.
24:55
Speaker 1: But she doesn't arrive alone. She's accompanied by Elizabeth and
24:59
Speaker 1: a pretty session of over eight hundred nobles and gentry
25:07
Speaker 1: Mary Tudor led the only successful revolt against central government
25:11
Speaker 1: in sixteenth century England. Like they were consistently revolting, you know,
25:16
Speaker 1: there was rebellions and revolts, they were happening all over
25:18
Speaker 1: the shop. But Mary is the only one to have succeeded.
25:23
Speaker 1: So there's a coup because obviously Lady Jingray has taken
25:26
Speaker 1: the throne, and she mounts and mobilize as a countercoup,
25:31
Speaker 1: manages to elude, capture and fucking wins like Husza. She
25:37
Speaker 1: definitely took some lessons from from Anne of Cleves because
25:41
Speaker 1: she didn't really she wasn't like aggressively Catholic, unlike you
25:45
Speaker 1: know some people on the internet. She managed to secure
25:48
Speaker 1: both Catholic and Protestant support, which is no mean feat,
25:52
Speaker 1: especially in this day and age when like your religion
25:55
Speaker 1: mattered more than your race, ethnicity, or nationality. So Mary's
26:03
Speaker 1: accession to the throne changes everything when it comes to monarchy.
26:09
Speaker 1: Because every law, every writing, every act, the image, the expectations,
26:16
Speaker 1: all of it are male. Everything's male dominant. It's very patriarchal,
26:21
Speaker 1: it just is. So when she comes on, the Parliament
26:25
Speaker 1: has to pass the Act for Regal Power, which effectively
26:29
Speaker 1: states that Queen's hold as much power as their male
26:33
Speaker 1: predecessor would, thus allowing the crown to be sort of genderless,
26:39
Speaker 1: you know. So Mary's coronation, she does the full regalia,
26:43
Speaker 1: the same thing the kings had before her. She goes
26:46
Speaker 1: all out and how it accompanies her to her coronation
26:50
Speaker 1: out of fucking claims, yes love, out of claves here
26:53
Speaker 1: where Cleaves stands in this house? So yep, So Mary
26:58
Speaker 1: she's on the throne, she's got the so she's in
27:01
Speaker 1: her late verities at this point. She's she's on the throne,
27:04
Speaker 1: she's got herself sordid. But there's one thing that she
27:08
Speaker 1: hasn't done as a ruler, and that is continue the
27:11
Speaker 1: line of succession. So she is supposed to produce an
27:14
Speaker 1: air one way or the other. So she's like, shit,
27:17
Speaker 1: I better get married then, and unfortunately, her marriage plans
27:22
Speaker 1: spark an uprising. So Mary is betrothed to Prince Philip
27:27
Speaker 1: of Spain and the wide rebellion is instigated. Basically, they're
27:32
Speaker 1: trying to overthrow Mary because they're worried that it's gonna
27:35
Speaker 1: bring like another Catholic Reformation to the country. And this
27:39
Speaker 1: uprising definitely didn't have enough by Carb in it because
27:42
Speaker 1: it's sunk. It landed flat on its face, and so
27:46
Speaker 1: a hundred people involved in this are executed, including Lady
27:51
Speaker 1: Jane Gray. Now, because effectively Lady Jane was under house arrest,
27:57
Speaker 1: they were kind of keeping her, you know, close by
27:59
Speaker 1: and the Hero London, which used to be the official
28:02
Speaker 1: residence of the Queen by the way, but anyway, so
28:05
Speaker 1: because her dad was involved in the uprising, they were
28:08
Speaker 1: like fuck, so Mary had to get rid of he,
28:12
Speaker 1: and so she got her head chopped off too. So
28:16
Speaker 1: when it comes to Mary and Philip kissed, the way
28:18
Speaker 1: things were in England, any titles or money or land
28:23
Speaker 1: or anything that a woman owned, they became her husband's
28:27
Speaker 1: when they got married. So they were worried that you know,
28:30
Speaker 1: Spain would then own England effectively. So when they put
28:33
Speaker 1: together Queen Mary's Marriage Act, Philip gets styled King of
28:36
Speaker 1: England and all like official documents, gets both of their names.
28:41
Speaker 1: The Parliament comes under joint authority, but only under Mary's lifetime,
28:46
Speaker 1: like if she dies, he cast a buggerback off to Spain.
28:50
Speaker 1: England didn't have to support you know, the King of
28:52
Speaker 1: Spain in any war, and Philip could not act without
28:56
Speaker 1: his wife's consent. Unlike most royal marriages, this was not
29:01
Speaker 1: a marriage for love. It was a political and Philip
29:04
Speaker 1: wasn't really happy of the terms, but they were like, no,
29:07
Speaker 1: it's okay. So Edward Charles the Fifth he has to
29:11
Speaker 1: elevate Philip to bring him up in rank for Mary,
29:14
Speaker 1: so he gives him the Crown of Naples and the
29:16
Speaker 1: claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. So when they get married.
29:20
Speaker 1: Mary is not only Queen of England, how what was
29:23
Speaker 1: it something of Ireland, something of Ireland, and Queen of
29:28
Speaker 1: Naples and Queen of Jerusalem. So they get married a
29:31
Speaker 1: Winchester Cathedral on the fifth of July fifteen fifty four,
29:35
Speaker 1: two days after they first meet. Philip couldn't speak any English,
29:39
Speaker 1: so they basically speak this weird mishmash of Latin, French
29:44
Speaker 1: and Spanish. A couple months later, Mary stops menstruating, she
29:49
Speaker 1: gains weight, and she has this effectively phantom pregnancy. Everyone
29:55
Speaker 1: is convinced she's pregnant, and as we've said before, her
30:00
Speaker 1: preenial care and things like that aren't exactly top of
30:05
Speaker 1: the range. So just in case Mary died in childbirth,
30:11
Speaker 1: they the Parliament passes an act making Philip regent, you know,
30:16
Speaker 1: just in case. In April of the next year, Elizabeth
30:19
Speaker 1: who was thunder house arrest because they thought she was
30:21
Speaker 1: involved in the Wyatt affair, but she wasn't that we
30:24
Speaker 1: know of, and she keeps released because she's called to
30:27
Speaker 1: court to be a witness to the birth because they
30:29
Speaker 1: think it's going to happen soon, but nothing happens, and
30:33
Speaker 1: then eventually her stomach proceeds again, and Mary is convinced
30:37
Speaker 1: that this is her not being regnant is God's punishment
30:41
Speaker 1: for her having tolerated heretics. So Philip leaves to command
30:45
Speaker 1: armies and against France, and Mary is really upset he's gone,
30:51
Speaker 1: like so over the course of her marriage, she's fallen
30:54
Speaker 1: in love with him, and she's fucking heartbroken and depressed
30:57
Speaker 1: that he's Gonelabeth. She ends up staying at court with
31:02
Speaker 1: Mary until like October because she's back and she's back
31:05
Speaker 1: in the fold, and Philip is really worried that the
31:10
Speaker 1: next claimant of the English throne was the Queen of
31:14
Speaker 1: Scott who was engaged to the Delflan of France. So
31:17
Speaker 1: Philip's trying to convince Elizabeth to Mary's cousin, back to
31:22
Speaker 1: you know, ruling and shit. In the month following her
31:25
Speaker 1: accession to the throne, maybe issues a proclamation that she's
31:29
Speaker 1: not going to force any of her subjects to follow
31:32
Speaker 1: any religion. She does, however, in prison a bunch of
31:36
Speaker 1: leading Protestant churchmen. Also. In addition, furthermore, her first parliament
31:42
Speaker 1: declares her parents' marriage valid. She abolishes Edward's like really
31:46
Speaker 1: ridiculous religious laws, and you know, church's doctrine gets restored
31:51
Speaker 1: back to how it was in fifteen thirty nine. Now,
31:54
Speaker 1: so when Mary takes the throne, she tries to reconnect
31:58
Speaker 1: with the role. So maybe it works. At this deal
32:00
Speaker 1: with Rome, they reconnect. Parliament repeals Henry's religious laws, the
32:04
Speaker 1: English Church returns to Roman jurisdiction. There's concessions on both sides,
32:08
Speaker 1: like the confiscated monastery lands don't get returned to the Church.
32:12
Speaker 1: They remain in the hands of like the new influential owners, Mary,
32:16
Speaker 1: the Pope, everybody. They approve the deal, and the heresy
32:20
Speaker 1: Acts get revived when these come back. About eight hundred
32:24
Speaker 1: rich Protestants get the fuck at a dodge, and those
32:27
Speaker 1: who stayed and were you know, being very loud and
32:31
Speaker 1: very public about their beliefs, they become targets of the
32:34
Speaker 1: heresy lots. Long story short, she executes two hundred and
32:39
Speaker 1: eighty three people, the majority of which we're burnt at
32:42
Speaker 1: the stake. So the burning at the steak thing, it's
32:46
Speaker 1: like really really unpopular at the time, and it kind
32:49
Speaker 1: of sparks these anti Catholic and anti Spanish feelings because
32:54
Speaker 1: they're blaming the foreign thing. But you know, after this
32:58
Speaker 1: she doesn't really execute so much. Also, yes, Also in addition, furthermore,
33:04
Speaker 1: Mary wasn't just the Queen of England, Naples and Jerusalem.
33:08
Speaker 1: She was also known as the Queen of Ireland because
33:12
Speaker 1: of the whole Shitter conquest, which was super fun. We
33:15
Speaker 1: love a good plantation, It's not terrible for anybody. So
33:19
Speaker 1: Mary wanted to continue her father's work in gaining control
33:24
Speaker 1: of Ireland and so started the Leasian Awfully plantations. Effectively,
33:31
Speaker 1: because Queen Mary, she wanted to extend English control beyond
33:35
Speaker 1: the Pale. The Pale is like this area of Dublin,
33:40
Speaker 1: which was basically under British Rome. Anyway, she decides to
33:47
Speaker 1: confiscate land from the Irish and hand it over to
33:51
Speaker 1: loyal English subjects. Now, not a great idea because the
33:55
Speaker 1: first thing she does because she sends them to leash
33:58
Speaker 1: and Awfully. I mean nobody wants to go to Awfully.
34:02
Speaker 1: At the time, they were known as Queen's County in
34:04
Speaker 1: King's County, and needless to say, this did not go
34:08
Speaker 1: down well. First of all, the Queen's rule for the
34:12
Speaker 1: colonizers was pretty much a disadvantage because they had to
34:17
Speaker 1: arm themselves they weren't. They didn't have guards or and
34:22
Speaker 1: they were not allowed to fraternize, employe or inter marry
34:27
Speaker 1: the Irish people with the Irish people. Not really a
34:31
Speaker 1: good way to set yourself off. Also, in addition, furthermore,
34:35
Speaker 1: they had to abide by English laws and English customs.
34:40
Speaker 1: The second issue with this is she didn't send over
34:43
Speaker 1: enough planters. There were not enough people to colonize the area.
34:48
Speaker 1: So the Moors and the O'Connors, the clans who had
34:51
Speaker 1: already been raiding the pail, attacked the British planters so
34:57
Speaker 1: much that more money was actually spent by the Crown
35:00
Speaker 1: protecting the colonizers then was actually raised by them. So
35:05
Speaker 1: all in all, not a super great plan. So in
35:09
Speaker 1: fifteen fifty six, the Emperor, Mary's father in law, he abdicates,
35:14
Speaker 1: Philip is declared King of Spain. So Philip he's in
35:19
Speaker 1: Brussels and he's declared the king of Spain. Mary's in England,
35:24
Speaker 1: and Philip is negotiating this, I want to say, like
35:27
Speaker 1: wobbly truce. So basically they're organizing this tentative truce with
35:32
Speaker 1: the French. But the very next month the French ambassador
35:37
Speaker 1: is like implicated in this plot against Mary because there's
35:40
Speaker 1: some dudes that are trying to assemble an invasion force
35:43
Speaker 1: in France, and Philip wants to go to war with France,
35:47
Speaker 1: and Mary wants to go to war with France, but
35:49
Speaker 1: all her advisors are like, let's not. We really do
35:54
Speaker 1: want that trade though, because that's important we need the money,
35:58
Speaker 1: and they're like, fine, okay, whatever. But this all changes
36:03
Speaker 1: when Thomas Stafford invades England and sees his Scarborough Castle
36:07
Speaker 1: with French help. In this the fucking shitty attempt to
36:11
Speaker 1: depose Mary, and this war starts. So this war is initiated,
36:16
Speaker 1: and so you did this war with France. Basically the
36:19
Speaker 1: Pope isn't too happy with England. The relationship with the
36:22
Speaker 1: papacy is really fucking strained. During this war, France takes Calli,
36:27
Speaker 1: and Calli is like the last remaining sort of foothold
36:30
Speaker 1: that England had in Europe, Mainland Europe, and it wasn't
36:34
Speaker 1: really help in England match. They basically had it for prestige,
36:37
Speaker 1: but when the French took it it was a real
36:40
Speaker 1: real blow to England. And apparently Mary said that when
36:44
Speaker 1: I am dead and opened, you shall find Cali and
36:48
Speaker 1: Philip lying in my heart, now, was that really said
36:51
Speaker 1: him's to say? Philip visits Mary in fifteen fifty seven,
36:56
Speaker 1: So after a visit from Philip, Mary has yet another pregnancy.
37:01
Speaker 1: You know, she writes her will. She states that Philip
37:04
Speaker 1: will be the regent until you know, the kid comes
37:08
Speaker 1: of age, and they're waiting and waiting for this baby.
37:10
Speaker 1: But again no baby comes and Mary has to come
37:12
Speaker 1: to terms with the fact that her half sister is
37:15
Speaker 1: her next lawful successor, so Elizabeth. So from May fifteen
37:20
Speaker 1: fifty eight, Mary is really weak and ill, so ill
37:25
Speaker 1: in fact that she's an excruciating pain now so they
37:28
Speaker 1: think it was either uterine cancer or OVERI insists, but
37:34
Speaker 1: there seems to be a few tuor women who have
37:37
Speaker 1: this same sort of issue. It always seems to be
37:41
Speaker 1: around that area, so will there's an influenza epidemic. The
37:45
Speaker 1: queen is already on her deathbed by August. She has
37:49
Speaker 1: this low fever and dropsy which everyone is worried about,
37:53
Speaker 1: so they move her from Hampton Court to Saint James
37:55
Speaker 1: Pallace and in September Mary has high fevers, headaches, periods
38:02
Speaker 1: of confusion, and she even has lost of vision. By October,
38:06
Speaker 1: it's really really clear that this you know, she's on
38:09
Speaker 1: her way out. So Philip receives news from England that
38:12
Speaker 1: she is so incredibly ill, and as such he sends
38:16
Speaker 1: his personal physician over. By November, she's got a wee
38:20
Speaker 1: bit of relief, but it's still pretty bad. On the
38:23
Speaker 1: eighth of November, she agrees to name Elizabeth her successor.
38:26
Speaker 1: As she gets weaker and closer to the grave, nobles
38:31
Speaker 1: and the gentry, they start filtering out of Saint James's
38:34
Speaker 1: Palace and are trickling towards Hatfield, where Elizabeth is deying.
38:40
Speaker 1: And on the seventeenth of November fifteen fifty eight, at
38:43
Speaker 1: forty two years old, Queen Mary the First of England, Spain, Naples,
38:49
Speaker 1: and Jerusalem dies from what we think we're either avariansysts
38:53
Speaker 1: or uterine cancer, and so ends the story of Bloody Mary.
39:00
Speaker 1: We learned today that Mary the First was a victim
39:05
Speaker 1: of the fucking patriarchy. Why do you say that, Katie, Well,
39:08
Speaker 1: I'm glad you asked, because I'm going to tell you.
39:11
Speaker 1: So let's put this into perspective. Nearly the first she
39:15
Speaker 1: is known as Bloody Mary. Her father Henry the eight
39:19
Speaker 1: burned what eighty one people at this stake during his
39:22
Speaker 1: what nearly forty year reign, but you know, granted, definitely
39:26
Speaker 1: less than two hundred and eighty three. However, we don't
39:29
Speaker 1: have an exact number. But this is very much an
39:33
Speaker 1: estimate because we don't have exact numbers for massacres. Really,
39:38
Speaker 1: so Henry ordered the deaths of somewhere between fifty seven
39:43
Speaker 1: thousand and seventy two thousand of his own subjects, including
39:50
Speaker 1: two of his wives. The very moment that crown touched
39:53
Speaker 1: his head, he executed his father's advisors because he wanted
39:58
Speaker 1: them out and his way, And yet he's still not
40:02
Speaker 1: called Bloody Henry Edward the sixth, Mary's younger brother, he
40:07
Speaker 1: burned two radical Protestant Anabaptists at the stake, and he
40:12
Speaker 1: sanctioned the suppression of the Prayer Book rebellion, resulting in
40:16
Speaker 1: the deaths of around five and a half thousand Catholics.
40:21
Speaker 1: And this is during his six year reign. He reigned
40:24
Speaker 1: for six years, Mary reigned for five, but yet still
40:28
Speaker 1: not known as Bloody Edward. Then, of course we have
40:30
Speaker 1: Elizabeth the First, who burned five Anabaptists at the stake,
40:34
Speaker 1: executed around eight hundred Catholic rebels and had one hundred
40:39
Speaker 1: and ninety three Catholics hanged, drawn and quartered. And during
40:45
Speaker 1: the sixteenth century, executing people was very much part of
40:49
Speaker 1: the norm. I'm not saying I agree with it. I'm
40:51
Speaker 1: just saying it happened. Monarchs all over here would be
40:54
Speaker 1: doing the exact same thing. So why she is known
40:58
Speaker 1: as the bloody Tyrant when all all these other monarchs
41:01
Speaker 1: are either just as bad or much worse. Why because
41:06
Speaker 1: of misogynistic propaganda? Mary was England's first queen. And if
41:11
Speaker 1: it weren't for some arsehold John Fox writing this inflammatory pamphlet,
41:16
Speaker 1: we probably wouldn't know her as Bloody Mary, and the
41:19
Speaker 1: burnings would probably just be a footnote in history, and
41:22
Speaker 1: she would have instead been known as the first Queen
41:25
Speaker 1: Regnant of England. What have we learned today? History is
41:29
Speaker 1: often portrayed to us through a patriarchal lens that we
41:32
Speaker 1: have to smash with a hammer in order to get
41:34
Speaker 1: to the truth. That being said, recommendation time. So I
41:41
Speaker 1: got a new book. I got a new book for
41:43
Speaker 1: my birthday. It's called The Sexual History of London. You
41:47
Speaker 1: should read it. It's fun for listening. I have been
41:54
Speaker 1: listening to Tenfold More Wicked presents Wicked Words. So there's
41:58
Speaker 1: this podcast called tenfold More Way. Each series is on
42:01
Speaker 1: a different vintage case. I do love my historical true
42:06
Speaker 1: crime and it's really funny. Every case they've covered so
42:09
Speaker 1: far I've known. But they've got this new series out
42:12
Speaker 1: called Wicked Words, and basically the host of tenfold More
42:16
Speaker 1: Wicked Kate Winkler. It's always o Kate. She interviews journalists
42:21
Speaker 1: and writers about their best true crime cases. It's really fun.
42:24
Speaker 1: I enjoy it and watching Hawkeye season one. So Hawkeye,
42:32
Speaker 1: the Hawkeye TV Show is out and it's got a
42:34
Speaker 1: canonically deaf Clint Barton, and I'm very happy about it.
42:38
Speaker 1: I'm definitely enjoying it. You should definitely check it out
42:40
Speaker 1: if you like Marvel. It's a bit grittier, not too gritty.
42:44
Speaker 1: It's still got that Marvel sheen on it, but it's
42:48
Speaker 1: not quite the diehard of TV shows, but it's close.
42:57
Speaker 1: Don't forget. If you want to talk to me, don't forget.
43:01
Speaker 1: You can follow me on all my socials links around
43:03
Speaker 1: the description down below. Generally it's who did what now
43:07
Speaker 1: poled apart from Twitter, which is who did want now PD,
43:09
Speaker 1: because yeah, there wasn't enough characters and my voice is
43:14
Speaker 1: starting to go again, so I'll chat to you next time.
43:18
Speaker 1: Adios or Revoir of wi is em My friends, Bye bye,