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050: Alta California in 1834 Part 2: Song and Dance · California Frontier

• 0:00
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Today, we're going to continue reading.
• 0:03
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: From the memoirs of Carlos and E.
• 0:07
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Who, if you recall.
• 0:08
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Came to Alta California.
• 0:11
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: In 1834 as a young boy of eight years old.
• 0:16
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And he is speaking.
• 0:19
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: In 1877.
• 0:22
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: With a, interviewer.
• 0:26
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Working for the historian, he would help an cropped.
• 0:29
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Who's taking down as many.
• 0:33
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Testimonies is he can have people who lived through the Spanish and Mexican eras.
• 0:39
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Now.
• 0:40
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Bear in mind.
• 0:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Bancroft was looking for information.
• 0:46
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: About important political events.
• 0:49
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And he was hoping to talk to people who could shed light on.
• 0:53
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The controversies.
• 0:55
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The battles.
• 0:57
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The big movers and shakers of the time period.
• 1:01
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Especially.
• 1:03
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Prior to the annexation, California, by the U S.
• 1:09
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: But for us, or at least speaking for myself.
• 1:14
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: What we get from a lot of these testimonies is glimpses into the daily lives.
• 1:22
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Of the people who were living at the time.
• 1:25
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Which are oftentimes the details.
• 1:28
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They get lost when we look at the big picture of history and of course the big picture is very important.
• 1:37
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And it helps to situate what we learn about individuals, but on the other side, It helps to understand.
• 1:47
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The macro.
• 1:49
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: View, if we can.
• 1:51
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Have a better idea of what.
• 1:54
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Life was like, On a granular level on a day-to-day.
• 2:00
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Level.
• 2:01
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: In a particular place.
• 2:03
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Because it also helps to understand the mindset.
• 2:08
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The worries, the anxieties, the joys.
• 2:11
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Of the people at a given time.
• 2:14
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So last time we spoke.
• 2:17
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: About.
• 2:18
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Some of the inner weight, first of all, some of the.
• 2:23
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So last time we spoke about some of the customs.
• 2:27
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Of the Kelly for news.
• 2:29
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Particularly how they dressed.
• 2:31
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And then also the way they had of.
• 2:37
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Celebrating with these bare with bull fighting and in these bear and bull fights, which were pretty violent.
• 2:46
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And, Now we're going to talk a little bit about.
• 2:52
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Dances and songs.
• 2:55
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That were popular during this time period.
• 2:57
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And in this place he's talking particularly about Santa Barbara.
• 3:01
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And also a little bit again, getting into the.
• 3:08
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Hyde and tallow trade, which was so important for.
• 3:13
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The economy of Alta California during the period leading up to.
• 3:20
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The war between the U S and Mexico, that wound up.
• 3:24
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Bringing California into the United States.
• 3:27
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So let's begin here.
• 3:33
  Welcome to California Frontier, the show about the often overlooked and unexpected early history of the place we call California.
• 3:42
  I'm your host, Damian Basich.
• 3:56
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Dancing.
• 3:58
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Was also a very common diversion among the California's.
• 4:02
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: It took place on the day of the patron of the mission or town.
• 4:06
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or indeed.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Whenever it was the day of some apostle.
• 4:11
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or some other scene to of importance.
• 4:15
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Now remember.
• 4:16
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: This is the 19th century.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Everybody.
• 4:23
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: In Alta, California is ostensibly Catholic.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So the rhythms.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Of the Catholic church.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Dominate.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Our part and parcel of the civic life of society.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So St.
• 4:38
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Stays and those kinds of feast days are really.
• 4:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The, the things that people.
• 4:45
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I came out to celebrate other than personal.
• 4:48
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Events like birthdays and baptisms and weddings, et cetera.
• 4:53
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So.
• 4:55
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The dance, as he says, the dance began in the evening.
• 4:59
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And ended a day or two after the day that it was being the day that was being celebrated.
• 5:05
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So once again, They began to dance in the evening and then ended a couple of days.
• 5:11
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: After the feast day was over.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The music consisted of one or two poor violinists and an equal number of guitarists.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Who acted as contraltos.
• 5:25
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The pieces that were played, where the hotel.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The Contra dancer.
• 5:30
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And Sonus.
• 5:32
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And these are dances from Spain and Mexico that are used even to this day.
• 5:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: These pieces were accompanied by singing in which the women never took part.
• 5:48
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So it was a man who was doing the singing.
• 5:50
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The couples went out to dance.
• 5:52
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And danced until the silence of the musicians.
• 5:55
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And the singer has reminded them of the time.
• 5:59
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The spectators of the dance, whether men or women.
• 6:03
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Stayed seated.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Either squatting.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or on some tree trunk or on some steers head.
• 6:10
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or even on the ground.
• 6:12
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I assume when they say steer's head.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They probably mean a.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: A skull.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Because I don't imagine that a steer.
• 6:20
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When sit still to have somebody sit on his head.
• 6:24
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When the dance ended, everyone present began to applaud.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Either shouting or clapping or both together.
• 6:33
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When the Sonus were danced.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They were the most lively.
• 6:39
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And it was done in the following manner.
• 6:42
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: A man was appointed as the master of ceremonies.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When the music began to play.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Accompanied by three or four singers.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: This man would get up.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And go to the right.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: To the first woman.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Standing in front of her.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: He would begin to beat the time or rhythm with his hands and feet.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And he would not leave.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Until the lady got up and gave at least one turn.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Then he went on to the next and did the same.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: It often happened.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That he would find a good dancer.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And then the applause rained upon her.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The way of showing their enthusiasm was to put hats on her head.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: One above the other.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When she could no longer hold them on her head.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They put them on her hands and arms.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When the song ended.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The music.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Each owner of a hat.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Went to the dancer to regain his hat.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: By means of some gift.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Which consisted of money.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or at least some verses.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The Sonus.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The songs which were played were.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Elma credo, Ella.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Latusa.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: and others, which I do not recall.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And according to the footnote here, these are traditional songs from the state of Holly score in Mexico.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: If you.
• 8:28
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Are well-versed in the music of Mexico or the music of Alta California.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Let me know.
• 8:36
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I'd love to know a little bit more about these songs.
• 8:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Carlos continues when the dance was about to end.
• 8:46
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And the girls were beginning to leave.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The men accompanied them to their homes.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Playing music through the street.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And every way, showing how happy they were.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When there were no more girls.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They would go down the street, mounted on their horses.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And to the beat of the music, which accompanied them.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They would gleefully sing some sourness.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: With words, which were more or less roguish.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So, I guess.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Inappropriate and in his terms, Board with this, they would go out into the country, on their horses and begin to lasso or wrangle the herd out there.
• 9:27
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or they would lie in, wait in the streets for some animal in order to throw him down with a lasso.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Held by two men, one on each end.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Sometimes.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When they were not dancing.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: There would be fresh meat beneath some tree.
• 9:45
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And large bonfires so that one could roast and eat whatever he wished.
• 9:52
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The men frequently left the dance for a moment to go to some nearby shop.
• 9:57
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And by Brandy, which was sold to them at a rather high price.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Perhaps because of the occasion.
• 10:06
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Right.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The law of supply and demand.
• 10:08
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: At work and Alta California.
• 10:12
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So let's see.
• 10:14
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And he talks about roundups and rodeos.
• 10:18
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Every week, there was a small Roundup of cattle at each mission.
• 10:23
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Not for the purpose of branding or marking them.
• 10:27
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: But in order to kill 20 or 30 more steers.
• 10:31
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: For the residents of the mission.
• 10:34
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And the residents of the mission means that the native people who lived on the mission.
• 10:40
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The Indians were entrusted with the killing of the steers in the presence of a field director.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Who afterwards distributed among them, the meat.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Which he believed they would need for the entire week.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The Fenton.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Our son.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Personally went where the dead steer lay and their cutoff, the meat that they wanted.
• 11:04
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So remember Some people have reason, let's say the literal translation.
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  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Was the term.
• 11:13
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That people and Alta California used to.
• 11:18
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Mark.
• 11:19
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: To talk about, let's say.
• 11:21
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: People who adopted a European or Latin American lifestyle, people who.
• 11:29
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Who lived in that way as distinct from saying nail fetus, neophytes.
• 11:37
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Native people who still lived basically, according to.
• 11:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Their traditional ways.
• 11:45
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: All right.
• 11:46
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So it wasn't simply an ethnic thing, you know?
• 11:49
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Hinted at our son where we're white.
• 11:52
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And they all Fellas we're native American.
• 11:56
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: It's, it's a cultural thing.
• 11:58
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: What type of cultural lifestyle did you live?
• 12:01
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Because there are also people who work.
• 12:04
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I would say.
• 12:05
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Ethnically.
• 12:06
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Native.
• 12:07
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: But who maybe for generations had been living in a European and Latin American way.
• 12:14
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So.
• 12:16
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Back to cardless.
• 12:17
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The bones were left in the corral.
• 12:20
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Where the steer was killed until the following Friday.
• 12:24
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: At which time they were heaped up outside the corral.
• 12:28
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So that they would not be in the way is the next Saturday.
• 12:31
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When there would be another killing.
• 12:35
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: At this foregoing process as has been said, Excuse me all this foregoing process as has been said, Was entrusted exclusively to the Indians.
• 12:47
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Which did not prevent some evented era soon, however, from helping them.
• 12:52
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Solely for the pleasure and never because of obligation.
• 12:59
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I also learned that annually a big rodeo was held at each mission.
• 13:05
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Not so much for the purpose of branding.
• 13:07
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Marking or segregating as to make the cattle recognize some, one place and thus prevent them from becoming wild.
• 13:18
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: These rodeos took place a little away from the mission.
• 13:23
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I never attended any of them.
• 13:25
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And only saw the helix covered with thousands of head of cattle.
• 13:30
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: At each mission.
• 13:32
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: There were three corrals.
• 13:34
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: One reserved for the cattle.
• 13:37
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Another for the sheep.
• 13:39
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And the other for the horses.
• 13:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So then you go cattle, sheep horses, three main.
• 13:47
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Domesticated animals being.
• 13:50
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Raised at the missions.
• 13:51
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And remember, this is 18 30, 4 35.
• 13:55
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So this is.
• 13:56
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Soon after the missions had been secularized, it is taken out of the hands of the church.
• 14:05
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Now he moves on to talking about domestic life.
• 14:07
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: He goes back to talking about domestic life.
• 14:11
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Nice quote.
• 14:12
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When I spoke here of the custom of the wives of the Kelly Ford knows having to wash most of the time.
• 14:18
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I neglected to make the following observation.
• 14:23
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Instead of soap.
• 14:25
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They used a tuber called Or a little onion, which they called a moly.
• 14:32
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or an even smaller one, which they knew as total.
• 14:36
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: We.
• 14:38
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The way of using these routes was to crush them against a stone.
• 14:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Thus, they were able to get a great deal of lather.
• 14:47
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Which was what they used when managing.
• 14:50
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The bag Asus, which served as brushes or scrapers.
• 14:56
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The mania of these women for washing.
• 14:59
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: It was so great.
• 15:01
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That when they ran out of clothes.
• 15:04
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They would ask their acquaintances for more to watch.
• 15:08
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Afterwards, giving them back with absolutely no charge for their work.
• 15:15
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Several times at their insistence.
• 15:18
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I gave them my laundry.
• 15:20
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And when I received it and tried to pay them for their work.
• 15:24
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I noticed that they were offended.
• 15:27
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When after six, eight or more days.
• 15:33
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They had finished washing the clothes and we're going home.
• 15:37
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They held a celebration.
• 15:40
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Which consisted of killing a calf playing.
• 15:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Singing.
• 15:44
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And making Mary.
• 15:48
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Well, the women stayed at the Brook.
• 15:50
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Living under an Arbor.
• 15:52
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And sleeping in the open air.
• 15:55
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The husbands brothers or children.
• 15:59
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Recognized it as home.
• 16:02
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That is to say they too ate and slept in the open country.
• 16:09
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Whether the women were living in the field beside the Brooks.
• 16:13
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or in their homes.
• 16:15
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They never had a fixed hour for eating.
• 16:19
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Since they generally ate when they were hungry.
• 16:22
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Whether all the members of the family were there or not.
• 16:26
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When the husband came home.
• 16:29
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Some of the women gave him something to eat.
• 16:32
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or did not.
• 16:34
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: According to his wishes.
• 16:37
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So that's very interesting.
• 16:39
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That you would have these washing parties where people would go away.
• 16:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: For several days.
• 16:45
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: No woman would wash clothes and everybody would camp out.
• 16:49
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Until it was done.
• 16:51
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And then they would go back home.
• 16:56
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Now he talks a little bit about, Some of the cow.
• 17:02
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Some of the eating practices that they had, how they would.
• 17:06
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Eat.
• 17:08
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Certain parts of the cow, et cetera.
• 17:12
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And he talks a little bit.
• 17:13
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Though about tallow, which as you recall, Tolo is beef fat and it was used for a lot of things.
• 17:21
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Including making candles all sorts of different, important items on the frontier.
• 17:30
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So here, you mentioned the towel.
• 17:32
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Which was taken to the mission.
• 17:34
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I either was melted to fill containers.
• 17:38
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or was put in the cauldrons to make soap.
• 17:40
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So they also use Tolo as soap.
• 17:44
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: When some quantity of fat and hides was ready.
• 17:48
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And it was known that some merchant vessel was in Monterey.
• 17:52
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Santa Barbara or some other port.
• 17:55
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Wagons were sent loaded with the said articles to trade with them.
• 18:00
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So this is the famous hide and tallow trade.
• 18:03
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So merchants would come into the Harbor to purchase.
• 18:07
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Tolo as well as cattle Heights.
• 18:12
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So he continues.
• 18:13
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: There were very, they were very rarely sold for real money.
• 18:18
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: But generally for items of clothing or edibles.
• 18:23
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They were also some individuals who owned herds.
• 18:26
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Who collected the tallow and made soap.
• 18:30
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They too, just as the missionaries.
• 18:33
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Traded with the merchant boats.
• 18:35
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: In exchange for the provisions they considered most necessary.
• 18:42
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: It often happened that the missionaries, as well as the individuals needed certain provisions.
• 18:48
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And there was no trading boat announced.
• 18:53
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Then they made a trip to some port.
• 18:56
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And they're sold their supplies to the shops commissioned by the boats.
• 19:00
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: For whatever they needed.
• 19:02
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: These shops.
• 19:04
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Always bought their things for a smaller price than the boats.
• 19:08
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And it was for this reason.
• 19:10
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That they.
• 19:11
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I think, I mean, he means the missionaries and the Rancho owners.
• 19:15
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Prefer to trade directly with the boats.
• 19:19
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: As has been said, It was only in an emergency that they went to the shops.
• 19:26
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Besides the towel and hides.
• 19:29
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They also sent dried meat.
• 19:31
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: An article, which was received with pleasure by the said boats or shops.
• 19:36
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So dried meat.
• 19:37
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Also very prized.
• 19:41
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Merchandise.
• 19:44
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: It seems at first glance is some opposition would exist between the directors of the missions.
• 19:50
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And the individuals.
• 19:52
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Since they were in the same kind of business.
• 19:56
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: On the contrary.
• 19:57
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They came to an agreement for the purpose of effecting their brief negotiations.
• 20:03
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And it often happened that the former.
• 20:06
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Gave helpful advice to the ladder.
• 20:08
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That is at the missions directors.
• 20:11
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I would give advice to the ranch owners.
• 20:16
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The wealth of these individuals consisted of some ranch.
• 20:19
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Small or large, sometimes their own.
• 20:23
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And sometimes loaned.
• 20:25
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: On these ranches, they sowed seeds sufficient for the maintenance of the family.
• 20:32
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The principal business.
• 20:34
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Was the breeding of cattle.
• 20:37
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The people.
• 20:38
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Which they used to care for.
• 20:42
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The people which they used to care for the small crops and the herds.
• 20:47
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: We're Indians.
• 20:49
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Whom they had reared from childhood.
• 20:51
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or proteges.
• 20:53
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Also Indians.
• 20:55
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Who wish to stay with them.
• 20:57
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or neophytes, which the missionary is granted to them.
• 21:02
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The number of workers increased or diminished, according to the need.
• 21:07
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And they were always better paid by the individuals.
• 21:11
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Then by the missionaries.
• 21:14
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So, this is interesting.
• 21:16
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: He mentions that the individuals.
• 21:18
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So once again, People owned Ranchos or leased them, I guess.
• 21:25
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Would have native people working for them.
• 21:27
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Some of whom they had raised from childhood.
• 21:31
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So who had raised.
• 21:34
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: To be servants in their household.
• 21:36
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: As child as children.
• 21:40
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or others who came to work for them.
• 21:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or.
• 21:46
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Indians who were from the missions of the missionaries.
• 21:51
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Sent to work on the Ranchos.
• 21:53
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Right.
• 21:55
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And it says that the Rancho owners paid.
• 21:58
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The Indians better than the missionaries did.
• 22:03
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So.
• 22:04
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That's interesting.
• 22:05
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Once again, this is the 1830s.
• 22:07
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: This is after secularization.
• 22:11
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So you have this sort of.
• 22:15
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Labor situation going on back and forth between the ranches and the missions.
• 22:21
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Now when we'll finish up here.
• 22:23
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: He says the products.
• 22:25
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Which the missionaries, as well as the individuals obtained.
• 22:29
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And trading their merchandise with the boats.
• 22:33
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Serve their own uses.
• 22:35
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And we're used by the ladder.
• 22:37
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: To recompense their workers.
• 22:40
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And by the former to recompense.
• 22:43
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: They're neophytes and nuns.
• 22:47
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So the products.
• 22:50
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That they received.
• 22:52
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: We're then news to compensate the workers.
• 22:55
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So.
• 22:57
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The Rancho owners compensated.
• 22:59
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The Indians who worked for them, the missionaries compensated Indians who work for them.
• 23:04
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And he mentions nuns.
• 23:06
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I'm not sure.
• 23:07
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I'd have to look at the original Spanish.
• 23:08
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: What nuns.
• 23:10
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: There were really no nuns to my knowledge in California at this time.
• 23:15
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: So, He may be referring to female or young unmarried women.
• 23:23
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Who.
• 23:25
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I lived, at the mission and what they called the Video, which was.
• 23:30
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I'm okay.
• 23:31
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Amanda convent meant.
• 23:34
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: A dormitory of nuns.
• 23:36
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: And as you know, and the missions native young, native unmarried women would live in these buildings.
• 23:44
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Yeah.
• 23:44
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Idea was to protect them.
• 23:47
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: From assault basically.
• 23:50
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Be it by, Soldiers.
• 23:54
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Or other individuals or other tribe members.
• 23:57
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: It's gotten.
• 23:59
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: It has a bad name.
• 24:01
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Because, It's also seen as a way of, of controlling.
• 24:07
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: The women or, it's often.
• 24:11
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Pointed out as has maybe a vector for disease because they weren't very well ventilated or what have you with it?
• 24:18
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: That is a whole nother.
• 24:21
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Another topic that deserves some, some investigation, some comment to better understand it because there are a lot of cliches.
• 24:29
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: Surrounding it.
• 24:31
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: But in short, I brought that up because it says that they used it for rec to recompense their neophytes and nuns.
• 24:39
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: What that means?
• 24:39
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: I'm not sure.
• 24:40
  RODECaster Duo Main Stereo & Cam Link 4K: If you have an idea, let me know.
• 24:51
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