Latest / 1-800-1800 / 1-800-1849: A quick history of the state of California

Transcript

1-800-1849: A quick history of the state of California · 1-800-1800

• 0:00
  SPEAKER_02: Ring, ring.
• 0:01
  SPEAKER_02: Hello.
• 0:02
  SPEAKER_02: Is this 1849?
• 0:03
  SPEAKER_02: Yee, sailor.
• 0:06
  SPEAKER_02: It is.
• 0:06
  SPEAKER_01: I don't think that's what prospectors sounded like.
• 0:09
  SPEAKER_01: I'm talking a lot about the journey to California, so hence the sailor.
• 0:15
  SPEAKER_01: Hello, maybe.
• 0:16
  SPEAKER_02: The boat journey?
• 0:18
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 0:19
  SPEAKER_02: Really?
• 0:19
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 0:20
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, I thought it was all overland.
• 0:23
  SPEAKER_01: No, no.
• 0:24
  SPEAKER_01: My God, Madeline, you're going to learn so much of this episode.
• 0:26
  SPEAKER_02: I can't wait.
• 0:28
  SPEAKER_02: All right.
• 0:29
  SPEAKER_02: Okay, perfect.
• 0:29
  SPEAKER_01: Transition.
• 0:31
  SPEAKER_01: On that note, I'm Madeline Porcella.
• 0:34
  SPEAKER_01: And I'm Mabel Taylor.
• 0:35
  SPEAKER_01: And this is 1-800-1800.
• 0:36
  SPEAKER_01: Hello?
• 0:36
  SPEAKER_01: You've reached 1-800-1800.
• 0:37
  SPEAKER_01: 1-800-1800.
• 0:37
  SPEAKER_00: I have a burning question.
• 0:44
  SPEAKER_00: 1-800-1800.
• 0:44
  SPEAKER_00: 1-800-1800.
• 1:07
  SPEAKER_01: So 1-800-1800 is brought to you by us, the founders of Mandylion Press.
• 1:12
  SPEAKER_01: We publish books from the long 19th century, mostly by women, some by weirdos.
• 1:16
  SPEAKER_01: And at the time of this recording, we have two new books coming out.
• 1:20
  SPEAKER_01: In October, available for pre-order right now on our website.
• 1:24
  SPEAKER_01: You should buy them.
• 1:26
  SPEAKER_01: Love Days is a beautiful expose of avant-garde artists in
• 1:32
  SPEAKER_01: the early 20th century written by Eddie Stetheimer.
• 1:35
  SPEAKER_01: And the story of Avis is a haunting tale of the conflict between art, love, and womanhood.
• 1:42
  SPEAKER_01: Tragic.
• 1:43
  SPEAKER_01: What else is there?
• 1:44
  SPEAKER_01: Nothing.
• 1:45
  SPEAKER_01: Well, you know what else there is?
• 1:47
  SPEAKER_01: What?
• 1:47
  SPEAKER_01: There's what you learned this week, madam.
• 1:50
  SPEAKER_02: Oh.
• 1:51
  SPEAKER_01: I told you to learn something.
• 1:55
  SPEAKER_02: What did I learn this week?
• 1:57
  SPEAKER_02: Why don't you go first and I'll think.
• 1:59
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, that always works well.
• 2:00
  SPEAKER_02: You won't be listening.
• 2:03
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, so.
• 2:04
  SPEAKER_01: Yep.
• 2:05
  SPEAKER_01: This I learned a few weeks ago,
• 2:06
  SPEAKER_01: so of course I'm cheating,
• 2:07
  SPEAKER_01: but I read this New Yorker article about this man who's made it his solo mission
• 2:14
  SPEAKER_01: in life to, what's the word when you try to improve something?
• 2:21
  SPEAKER_02: Improve?
• 2:22
  SPEAKER_01: Improve, but like amend, like when you're trying to like fix a societal problem.
• 2:28
  SPEAKER_01: Basically the societal problem he's trying to fix.
• 2:30
  SPEAKER_01: Reform?
• 2:31
  SPEAKER_01: Reform, yeah.
• 2:31
  SPEAKER_01: Reform.
• 2:32
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 2:33
  SPEAKER_01: This is going to really scare you.
• 2:34
  SPEAKER_01: Sorry.
• 2:34
  SPEAKER_01: I don't.
• 2:35
  SPEAKER_01: Why do you do this?
• 2:37
  SPEAKER_01: Don't tell me.
• 2:39
  SPEAKER_01: I just started it.
• 2:40
  SPEAKER_01: Should I change my fact?
• 2:42
  SPEAKER_02: No, tell me.
• 2:43
  SPEAKER_02: What is it?
• 2:44
  SPEAKER_01: Basically,
• 2:45
  SPEAKER_01: his daughter died in a car accident,
• 2:46
  SPEAKER_01: not really even because of the crash,
• 2:48
  SPEAKER_01: but because she crashed into a faulty guardrail.
• 2:51
  SPEAKER_01: And so he's now made it his life's mission to reform all guardrails in America.
• 2:55
  SPEAKER_01: And he's addicted to fixing all the guardrails.
• 2:56
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, I actually saw this.
• 2:58
  SPEAKER_01: He's called the guardrail guy.
• 2:59
  SPEAKER_01: And he can tell from satellite imagery whether a guardrail was installed improperly.
• 3:04
  SPEAKER_01: It's amazing.
• 3:05
  SPEAKER_01: He's addicted to it.
• 3:06
  SPEAKER_01: And I just thought I love when someone's an expert in something.
• 3:10
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 3:11
  SPEAKER_02: I don't, that doesn't scare me.
• 3:12
  SPEAKER_02: He's out there saving lives.
• 3:14
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 3:14
  SPEAKER_01: But I read the article and then immediately was driving on the highway
• 3:17
  SPEAKER_01: and I was horrified looking around.
• 3:19
  SPEAKER_01: I was like, these really do look like crap.
• 3:22
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 3:23
  SPEAKER_02: So just watch out.
• 3:23
  SPEAKER_02: I never believed they do anything because whenever you see one that's been hit,
• 3:27
  SPEAKER_02: it's like, that didn't stop the car.
• 3:30
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 3:30
  SPEAKER_01: Apparently it also has a lot to do with improper installation.
• 3:34
  SPEAKER_01: Like the guardrails themselves might be fine, but then they're installed incorrectly.
• 3:37
  SPEAKER_01: So they actually not only don't save you, they kill you.
• 3:40
  SPEAKER_01: Anyway, did you think of something you learned?
• 3:43
  SPEAKER_02: Like pierce you?
• 3:44
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 3:46
  SPEAKER_02: Well, I guess in the same vein,
• 3:49
  SPEAKER_02: I've been fascinated and horrified by the slaughter of the wild horses.
• 3:53
  SPEAKER_01: What slaughter of the wild horses?
• 3:55
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 3:55
  SPEAKER_02: The Trump administration in its move
• 4:00
  SPEAKER_02: to privatize public resources has been capturing wild horses that roam
• 4:06
  SPEAKER_02: in national parks and selling them off for very cheap and they are being bought and
• 4:12
  SPEAKER_02: then resold at a quick profit to slaughterhouses.
• 4:16
  SPEAKER_01: Wait, why?
• 4:17
  SPEAKER_01: What is their rationale for taking them out of the national parks though?
• 4:21
  SPEAKER_02: Because they're profitable.
• 4:23
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, okay.
• 4:24
  SPEAKER_01: They're just, it's just a moneymaker.
• 4:25
  SPEAKER_01: They're a nuisance.
• 4:26
  SPEAKER_01: They're not even saying that it's like they're a nuisance or an environmental threat.
• 4:31
  SPEAKER_01: No, they're claiming they're selling.
• 4:33
  SPEAKER_02: Well,
• 4:33
  SPEAKER_02: the lie is that they're claiming that they're selling them to like private interests
• 4:38
  SPEAKER_02: that are going to take care of them.
• 4:40
  SPEAKER_02: Wow.
• 4:40
  SPEAKER_02: It's so 19th century.
• 4:43
  SPEAKER_02: I know.
• 4:44
  SPEAKER_02: What's actually happening is that they're getting sold to slaughterhouses.
• 4:47
  SPEAKER_02: I don't really know what the value of a dead horse is.
• 4:50
  SPEAKER_01: A lot.
• 4:51
  SPEAKER_01: I think you can make a lot of glue.
• 4:52
  SPEAKER_02: I like to beat one.
• 4:54
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, I know.
• 4:58
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, I know.
• 5:00
  SPEAKER_02: You could make a lot of glue?
• 5:01
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 5:02
  SPEAKER_02: Is that still how they make glue?
• 5:04
  SPEAKER_02: I thought glue would be plastic now.
• 5:06
  SPEAKER_01: All I know is that if you happen to catch alpha gal from ticks in Martha's Vineyard,
• 5:12
  SPEAKER_01: then you can't eat candy because of gelatin.
• 5:15
  SPEAKER_01: So I think gelatin is still not vegan.
• 5:18
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 5:20
  SPEAKER_01: So did you learn anything?
• 5:22
  SPEAKER_01: You already said it.
• 5:23
  SPEAKER_01: Sorry.
• 5:23
  SPEAKER_01: I'm confused.
• 5:26
  SPEAKER_02: So rude.
• 5:27
  SPEAKER_02: Sorry.
• 5:27
  SPEAKER_02: I loved it.
• 5:28
  SPEAKER_02: I actually loved it.
• 5:32
  SPEAKER_01: I feel like I just entered a timeline.
• 5:34
  SPEAKER_01: Sorry.
• 5:36
  SPEAKER_02: So did you learn anything?
• 5:38
  SPEAKER_02: I did.
• 5:39
  SPEAKER_02: Would you like to hear my episode?
• 5:41
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, let's do that.
• 5:43
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 5:43
  SPEAKER_02: I guess the wild horses are a good segue to your episode.
• 5:46
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 5:47
  SPEAKER_01: Now I got the Rolling Stones in my head, baby.
• 5:50
  SPEAKER_01: They're at Altimo or whatever it's called.
• 5:53
  SPEAKER_02: Altamont?
• 5:54
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 5:56
  SPEAKER_01: Remember the Altimo?
• 5:57
  SPEAKER_01: I mixed
• 6:01
  SPEAKER_01: a couple things up.
• 6:03
  SPEAKER_01: This is going to be a fabulous episode.
• 6:06
  SPEAKER_01: My brain's like not working.
• 6:08
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 6:08
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, what happened to you?
• 6:09
  SPEAKER_01: So...
• 6:11
  SPEAKER_01: This episode is about the year 1849,
• 6:14
  SPEAKER_01: which I decided to research somewhat comprehensively on a flight that I took at six
• 6:20
  SPEAKER_01: in the morning recently to California.
• 6:23
  SPEAKER_01: 1849, of course, is an iconic California year.
• 6:26
  SPEAKER_01: The 49ers are the football team.
• 6:29
  SPEAKER_01: I almost said the wrong sport.
• 6:32
  SPEAKER_02: I didn't actually know that they were a
• 6:33
  SPEAKER_01: football team.
• 6:34
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I'm pretty sure they are.
• 6:36
  SPEAKER_01: Not going to check.
• 6:37
  SPEAKER_01: But you just like 1849 is iconic.
• 6:41
  SPEAKER_01: Is there a basketball team?
• 6:43
  SPEAKER_01: No, you're thinking of the 76ers from Philadelphia.
• 6:46
  SPEAKER_01: Totally.
• 6:47
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 6:48
  SPEAKER_01: And then in Philadelphia, they also say go birds.
• 6:51
  SPEAKER_01: And that's facts.
• 6:53
  SPEAKER_02: And that's facts.
• 6:56
  SPEAKER_01: No, the 49ers are a football team based in San Francisco.
• 7:00
  SPEAKER_01: I grew up hearing about them.
• 7:03
  SPEAKER_01: They are a great team.
• 7:05
  SPEAKER_01: So I went to California because I'm from there
• 7:09
  SPEAKER_01: and I I was feeling like maybe we needed to record an episode while we were there.
• 7:14
  SPEAKER_01: So I did prepare to record this on location and I was anticipating
• 7:19
  SPEAKER_01: that I would feel like really inspired by California while recording,
• 7:22
  SPEAKER_01: but no worries.
• 7:22
  SPEAKER_01: I'm in the state of New York and I don't mind doing it.
• 7:25
  SPEAKER_01: Do you feel as inspired?
• 7:27
  SPEAKER_02: Less, but Westchester isn't calling to you the same way.
• 7:32
  SPEAKER_02: It's just, it's not California, you know?
• 7:33
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 7:34
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 7:34
  SPEAKER_02: Totally.
• 7:34
  SPEAKER_01: So The reason that I'm interested in California history in 1849 in particular is
• 7:41
  SPEAKER_01: because having grown up in California and received a elementary and middle
• 7:45
  SPEAKER_01: and high school education in California, I learned a lot about California history.
• 7:49
  SPEAKER_01: And so I have a child's understanding of it.
• 7:54
  SPEAKER_01: And I thought today could be a good opportunity to challenge
• 7:57
  SPEAKER_01: that child's understanding and also just like an ode to it
• 8:00
  SPEAKER_01: because I actually do think that things you learn as a kid really stick with you,
• 8:03
  SPEAKER_01: obviously, famously.
• 8:04
  SPEAKER_01: It's true.
• 8:05
  SPEAKER_01: And I think especially history.
• 8:07
  SPEAKER_01: And I think honestly,
• 8:09
  SPEAKER_01: I really feel that most of my like local history lessons stopped by the time I got
• 8:14
  SPEAKER_01: to middle school.
• 8:16
  SPEAKER_01: Like in sixth grade is when we started doing,
• 8:18
  SPEAKER_01: I can't, I think, what did we learn in history in sixth grade?
• 8:22
  SPEAKER_01: I think we did like the history of world religions in sixth grade.
• 8:25
  SPEAKER_01: And then like seventh grade, I think we did American history and eighth grade.
• 8:31
  SPEAKER_01: I think we did something else.
• 8:33
  SPEAKER_01: Can't remember.
• 8:34
  SPEAKER_02: Growing up in the East Coast, you really don't hear much about California, to be honest.
• 8:38
  SPEAKER_01: Well, of course,
• 8:39
  SPEAKER_01: and my parents are East Coasters,
• 8:41
  SPEAKER_01: so they spent my entire childhood absolutely horrified by what I was learning
• 8:45
  SPEAKER_01: and particularly what I was not learning.
• 8:47
  SPEAKER_01: And so I wanted to transport you back.
• 8:50
  SPEAKER_01: Like my parents grew up going to Plymouth Rock,
• 8:52
  SPEAKER_01: going to the White House,
• 8:54
  SPEAKER_01: going to like, I don't know, Grand Central, big iconic American history places.
• 9:00
  SPEAKER_01: These are the places I went to as a kid.
• 9:03
  SPEAKER_01: And you may have never even thought about these as destinations for a child.
• 9:07
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 9:07
  SPEAKER_01: So I went on at least one, maybe two field trips to John Muir's house.
• 9:12
  SPEAKER_01: We also did many trips to historic California missions.
• 9:16
  SPEAKER_01: Fourth grade is notoriously the year that a California child has their own mission.
• 9:23
  SPEAKER_01: My mission.
• 9:24
  SPEAKER_02: Very Mormon.
• 9:25
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 9:26
  SPEAKER_01: My mission was Mission Santa Cruz, which was considered to be kind of like a cool one to get.
• 9:31
  SPEAKER_01: I bet.
• 9:32
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 9:33
  SPEAKER_01: So thank you to my fourth grade teachers who probably rigged the competition.
• 9:38
  SPEAKER_02: They were like, Mabel really needs this.
• 9:41
  SPEAKER_02: I just really did.
• 9:42
  SPEAKER_01: And in my school,
• 9:44
  SPEAKER_01: every school does it differently,
• 9:45
  SPEAKER_01: but the way that my school did it was that we would build an architectural model
• 9:48
  SPEAKER_01: of our mission.
• 9:50
  SPEAKER_01: And all of the Michaels and craft stores in California are well-stocked
• 9:54
  SPEAKER_01: with little things that you could decorate your mission with,
• 9:57
  SPEAKER_01: like little mini sheep and mini crosses and things like that.
• 10:01
  SPEAKER_01: And there was...
• 10:03
  SPEAKER_01: Really two approaches in my school for how you build your mission.
• 10:06
  SPEAKER_01: There's kind of the you go small or you go big.
• 10:09
  SPEAKER_01: All of them had to be within a certain set of dimensions, but scale would vary.
• 10:13
  SPEAKER_01: And so you could either do like a bird's eye view and do it really tiny or kind
• 10:17
  SPEAKER_01: of like do colossal and like have it be really tall.
• 10:21
  SPEAKER_01: And I thought cool girls did it tall.
• 10:24
  SPEAKER_01: So I built it really big and then I felt that the detail was sort of lacking.
• 10:29
  SPEAKER_01: So I regret that.
• 10:31
  SPEAKER_02: I had a similar experience building a model of Hatshepsut's tomb.
• 10:39
  SPEAKER_02: What scale did you go for?
• 10:40
  SPEAKER_02: I just, I don't remember exactly the scale,
• 10:44
  SPEAKER_02: but I remember at the end thinking this could be better.
• 10:50
  SPEAKER_01: We also,
• 10:50
  SPEAKER_01: another I think kind
• 10:51
  SPEAKER_01: of California thing we did was we celebrated Dia de los Muertos very actively.
• 10:56
  SPEAKER_01: Did you do that?
• 10:58
  SPEAKER_01: No, of course not.
• 10:59
  SPEAKER_02: That would have been like very racial at my all-white private school.
• 11:04
  SPEAKER_02: I mean, I also went to an all-white private
• 11:06
  SPEAKER_01: school, but we went for it.
• 11:08
  SPEAKER_01: And we would each have to make our own tomb for like a famous dead person.
• 11:12
  SPEAKER_01: And I made one for Frida Kahlo, which I guess was on theme.
• 11:16
  SPEAKER_01: And I did actually kind of make a beautiful,
• 11:19
  SPEAKER_01: I recreated in with toys, her tragic,
• 11:23
  SPEAKER_02: like injury on a streetcar.
• 11:25
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, I got my mom a coaster with a picture of her recovering from that.
• 11:31
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, same instincts.
• 11:32
  SPEAKER_01: I'm glad to hear it.
• 11:34
  SPEAKER_01: But the most notable field trip that I took as a child was to a ship.
• 11:43
  SPEAKER_01: And this will be relevant for my episode.
• 11:45
  SPEAKER_01: I stayed one night in the fourth grade on the historic Balclutha ship,
• 11:51
  SPEAKER_02: which is
• 11:51
  SPEAKER_01: amazing.
• 11:52
  SPEAKER_01: Docked in San Francisco.
• 11:54
  SPEAKER_01: It is a three masted square rigged ship designed for long distance cargo trading.
• 11:59
  SPEAKER_01: It was actually built in Glasgow in 1886.
• 12:03
  SPEAKER_01: So it's post 1849, but still it's interesting for the history of California.
• 12:07
  SPEAKER_01: So it's notable for its iron and steel construction and its beautiful sales.
• 12:14
  SPEAKER_01: And it was fit out for about 30 crew members.
• 12:18
  SPEAKER_01: And my fourth grade class, I think it was fourth grade.
• 12:22
  SPEAKER_01: We stayed there one night and there was a couple parents chaperoning us,
• 12:25
  SPEAKER_01: but my parents didn't come, I don't think.
• 12:28
  SPEAKER_01: And for the best, probably.
• 12:30
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 12:30
  SPEAKER_01: I mean, it let me kind of like get my yaya's out.
• 12:32
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, totally.
• 12:33
  SPEAKER_01: All the kids were divided up into different crews.
• 12:36
  SPEAKER_01: And I feel like I don't know what crew I was on,
• 12:39
  SPEAKER_01: but I know I was not on the galley crew,
• 12:41
  SPEAKER_01: which was in charge of cooking us dinner, which was memorably inedible.
• 12:48
  SPEAKER_01: And I got in trouble for chatting too much.
• 12:50
  SPEAKER_01: True to life.
• 12:52
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 12:53
  SPEAKER_01: I think it was like hard tack biscuits, which are kind of an interest of mine.
• 12:58
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 12:59
  SPEAKER_01: But they were not good.
• 13:00
  SPEAKER_01: And yeah, I did get in trouble for chatting too much and I was forced to stack wood.
• 13:05
  SPEAKER_01: That sounds awful.
• 13:07
  SPEAKER_01: It was terrible.
• 13:08
  SPEAKER_01: And then we had to sleep in these like really hard bunk beds.
• 13:12
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, I was going to ask, have you slept in hammocks?
• 13:14
  SPEAKER_01: No, they had like stacked like three layer bunk beds in the whole of the ship,
• 13:18
  SPEAKER_01: which is kind of cool.
• 13:19
  SPEAKER_01: That's not historically accurate.
• 13:21
  SPEAKER_01: I think that was historic.
• 13:23
  SPEAKER_02: Ships, crews slept in hammocks.
• 13:25
  SPEAKER_02: What are you getting this from, Peter Pan?
• 13:27
  SPEAKER_02: No, I'm getting it from The Wager.
• 13:32
  SPEAKER_02: What's The Wager?
• 13:33
  SPEAKER_02: A book I just read about the shipwreck.
• 13:35
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, cool.
• 13:36
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, you know.
• 13:38
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 13:39
  SPEAKER_01: That's something I learned.
• 13:40
  SPEAKER_01: That's good job.
• 13:42
  SPEAKER_01: You learned two things.
• 13:44
  SPEAKER_01: The reason I hover on the Balclutha field trip is because it helps tell a story
• 13:50
  SPEAKER_01: of California, which is focused in on gold rushes.
• 13:54
  SPEAKER_01: And I say gold rushes because California is probably most famous for
• 13:58
  SPEAKER_01: the 1849 gold rush,
• 14:01
  SPEAKER_01: but there was actually multiple gold rushes, but not for gold always.
• 14:05
  SPEAKER_01: So the second sort of big California gold rush happened between 1855 and 1910,
• 14:10
  SPEAKER_01: and it was an agricultural gold rush.
• 14:12
  SPEAKER_01: Basically...
• 14:13
  SPEAKER_01: People descended upon California in the same way that they did for gold,
• 14:17
  SPEAKER_01: but for the sort of fertile land.
• 14:19
  SPEAKER_01: And it made it an agricultural destination, which it still is.
• 14:22
  SPEAKER_02: Colton and I saw an amazing movie about Woody Guthrie.
• 14:25
  SPEAKER_02: And I learned so much about that.
• 14:27
  SPEAKER_01: I would like to see that.
• 14:28
  SPEAKER_02: I can't remember the
• 14:29
  SPEAKER_01: name.
• 14:30
  SPEAKER_01: If Colton, you're listening and you remember, please hit me up.
• 14:34
  SPEAKER_01: I could look at our texts.
• 14:36
  SPEAKER_01: And the Balkuthah had kind of like a spotted history.
• 14:38
  SPEAKER_01: It did a lot of things, but in...
• 14:41
  SPEAKER_01: It was most famous probably for transporting wheat from California to Europe.
• 14:47
  SPEAKER_01: So it made this journey in a world before the Canama Canal.
• 14:53
  SPEAKER_01: That's what I just said.
• 14:57
  SPEAKER_02: One of my favorite Panals.
• 15:00
  SPEAKER_01: So Canama was founded.
• 15:01
  SPEAKER_01: No, the Panama Canal didn't exist yet.
• 15:05
  SPEAKER_01: So ships like the Balclutha had to travel to the west coast of the United States.
• 15:11
  SPEAKER_01: By going all the way around Cape Horn.
• 15:14
  SPEAKER_01: Can I say something?
• 15:16
  SPEAKER_02: I need you to see Gangs of New York.
• 15:19
  SPEAKER_01: I know, I know.
• 15:21
  SPEAKER_02: I'm like, I can't sit here a moment longer.
• 15:24
  SPEAKER_02: You're explaining this to me as
• 15:26
  SPEAKER_01: if you have, like, I need you to watch that movie.
• 15:28
  SPEAKER_02: Okay, I will.
• 15:29
  SPEAKER_02: Maybe we should do an episode about that.
• 15:31
  SPEAKER_01: Let's literally do that.
• 15:32
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 15:32
  SPEAKER_02: Because one of the sort of major scenes in that movie is Leonardo DiCaprio gets
• 15:39
  SPEAKER_02: in this fight and he's badly beaten and he's like recovering in these caves
• 15:43
  SPEAKER_02: that they all live in under five points or something.
• 15:46
  SPEAKER_02: And Cameron Diaz comes down into this.
• 15:50
  SPEAKER_02: She's the love interest and she was on hands and knees
• 15:53
  SPEAKER_02: and she has this like little like flyer thing and she's,
• 15:57
  SPEAKER_02: she goes,
• 15:59
  SPEAKER_02: I've booked us passage
• 16:01
  SPEAKER_02: to California in this like crazy and her crazy accent.
• 16:05
  SPEAKER_02: And then she like shows him on the map.
• 16:07
  SPEAKER_02: We're going to go all the way down and around South America.
• 16:11
  SPEAKER_02: And she has like his fake Irish accent.
• 16:13
  SPEAKER_01: That sounds really fun.
• 16:15
  SPEAKER_01: And I'm thinking that for the episode,
• 16:16
  SPEAKER_01: what we should do first is record you telling me what Gangs of New York is about
• 16:20
  SPEAKER_02: from start to We could just go back to every episode that I've mentioned Kings
• 16:26
  SPEAKER_02: of New York.
• 16:26
  SPEAKER_02: This is pretty much every episode.
• 16:28
  SPEAKER_02: This is not the first one and cut together a super cut of me explaining the movie to you.
• 16:33
  SPEAKER_01: That sounds perfect.
• 16:35
  SPEAKER_01: So I don't know if they mentioned this in Kings of New York,
• 16:38
  SPEAKER_01: so you might not know it,
• 16:39
  SPEAKER_01: but ships that were successful at making
• 16:42
  SPEAKER_01: the treacherous journey around Cape Horn were known as Cape Horners.
• 16:48
  SPEAKER_01: So if you're being- Yes, that's why I thought it was funny
• 16:52
  SPEAKER_02: to say.
• 16:54
  SPEAKER_02: I just was spelling it out for listeners.
• 16:56
  SPEAKER_02: Cape Horner.
• 16:57
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 16:58
  SPEAKER_02: It's like New Directions.
• 17:00
  Exactly.
• 17:02
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 17:02
  SPEAKER_01: So why is the journey around Cape Horn so dangerous?
• 17:07
  SPEAKER_01: I'll tell you.
• 17:08
  SPEAKER_01: The body of water connecting the southwestern part of the Atlantic Ocean and
• 17:12
  SPEAKER_01: the southeastern part of the Pacific Ocean is known as the Drake Passage.
• 17:17
  SPEAKER_01: It's named after 16th century English explorer and privateer San Francisco.
• 17:24
  SPEAKER_01: No, my God.
• 17:25
  SPEAKER_01: What's wrong with me?
• 17:25
  SPEAKER_01: Sir Francis Drake.
• 17:26
  SPEAKER_01: I know you're like a little nervous about what's
• 17:32
  SPEAKER_01: It's named after 16th century English explorer and privateer Sir Francis Drake.
• 17:39
  SPEAKER_01: So I want to just pause to say that there is a high school in my county,
• 17:44
  SPEAKER_01: Marin, formerly named after Sir Francis Drake.
• 17:47
  SPEAKER_01: There's also a big street named after Drake.
• 17:49
  SPEAKER_01: Sir Francis Drake High School was renamed in the wake of George Floyd 2020 protests
• 17:54
  SPEAKER_01: and was renamed the Archie Williams High School.
• 17:57
  SPEAKER_01: And I just want to compare the accomplishments of Sir Francis Drake with Archie Williams.
• 18:01
  SPEAKER_01: So Sir Francis Drake, in addition to sort of Discovering certain parts of the earth.
• 18:09
  SPEAKER_02: He successfully circumnavigated South America for the first time.
• 18:12
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, by accident, though.
• 18:15
  SPEAKER_02: I mean, that's a pretty...
• 18:17
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 18:18
  SPEAKER_02: I'm not an apologist, but I'm just saying that is like a worthy accomplishment.
• 18:23
  SPEAKER_01: But he also did participate in the slave trade.
• 18:25
  SPEAKER_01: Of course.
• 18:26
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 18:26
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 18:28
  SPEAKER_01: Archie Williams was a math and computing teacher at the former Drake High School.
• 18:32
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, that's adorable.
• 18:34
  SPEAKER_01: And he was a Tuskegee airman,
• 18:36
  SPEAKER_01: and he was one of the first African-American meteorologists,
• 18:39
  SPEAKER_01: and he was a
• 18:39
  SPEAKER_02: gold medalist at the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
• 18:43
  SPEAKER_02: Okay, all of those are amazing accomplishments.
• 18:45
  SPEAKER_02: I would never belittle any of them to lift Sir Francis Drake up,
• 18:49
  SPEAKER_02: and I don't think we should do the reverse.
• 18:52
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 18:54
  SPEAKER_01: I thought you might have that take.
• 18:57
  SPEAKER_01: But anyway,
• 18:58
  SPEAKER_01: the Drake Passage is considered so dangerous
• 19:01
  SPEAKER_01: because it not only connects these two oceans, but it's so far from any landmass.
• 19:06
  SPEAKER_01: And the water is incredibly deep.
• 19:08
  SPEAKER_01: It's like incredibly deep and stormy and the waves can top 40 feet.
• 19:14
  SPEAKER_01: And there's an Antarctic current that runs through it.
• 19:18
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 19:19
  SPEAKER_02: So that the wager is completely about this in the book,
• 19:24
  SPEAKER_02: in the book, because that's where they wreck their ship.
• 19:26
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 19:27
  SPEAKER_02: So I like know everything about Cape Horn.
• 19:32
  SPEAKER_01: Well, that was kind of the various ways to get from there back to Brazil.
• 19:36
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 19:36
  SPEAKER_01: Well, so I actually will talk a little bit about that.
• 19:38
  SPEAKER_01: So you can speak on that.
• 19:41
  SPEAKER_01: So it wasn't until 1849 that regular steamboat service began from the west to
• 19:46
  SPEAKER_01: the east coast of the United States and around Cape Horn.
• 19:51
  SPEAKER_01: It was just,
• 19:51
  SPEAKER_01: you know,
• 19:52
  SPEAKER_01: people obviously had gone around Cape Horn,
• 19:53
  SPEAKER_01: but it was very unreliable and it wasn't something that you could count on.
• 19:57
  SPEAKER_01: But in 1849, actually, it kind of starts in 1848.
• 20:00
  SPEAKER_01: The SS California leaves New York on October 6, 1848, which is our pub date.
• 20:06
  SPEAKER_01: Shout out.
• 20:07
  SPEAKER_02: Yay.
• 20:09
  SPEAKER_01: What are you drinking?
• 20:10
  SPEAKER_02: Coffee.
• 20:11
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, I was like, you told me we're going to record an episode at 430,
• 20:15
  SPEAKER_02: which is nap time with no warning.
• 20:19
  SPEAKER_02: So I had to.
• 20:20
  SPEAKER_02: You're doing the big guns.
• 20:22
  SPEAKER_01: So the SS California leaves New York in 1848.
• 20:26
  SPEAKER_01: And then it takes a four month,
• 20:28
  SPEAKER_01: 21 day journey from Cape Horn or sorry,
• 20:31
  SPEAKER_01: from New York around Cape Horn and arrives in San Francisco on February 28th, 1849.
• 20:37
  SPEAKER_01: Think about this.
• 20:38
  SPEAKER_01: I wrote the notes for this episode in a five hour flight from New York to California.
• 20:43
  SPEAKER_01: In 1848, it would have taken me four months and 21 days to get to California from New York.
• 20:50
  SPEAKER_01: I do sort of relish that pace of life.
• 20:54
  SPEAKER_01: Maybe we should go back to it.
• 20:56
  SPEAKER_02: Well, no, I mean, it would ruin our whole existence,
• 20:59
  SPEAKER_01: but it's something to consider.
• 21:02
  SPEAKER_01: And I will be reading excerpts from a woman's journal on such a journey
• 21:06
  SPEAKER_01: so we can think about what you gain and what you lose
• 21:09
  SPEAKER_01: when you start traveling this slow.
• 21:10
  SPEAKER_01: Was she so sick?
• 21:12
  SPEAKER_01: She's just mostly being really racist.
• 21:14
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 21:16
  SPEAKER_01: So the California ship left New York before word had really spread to the East Coast
• 21:22
  SPEAKER_01: about the California gold rush.
• 21:23
  SPEAKER_01: But what's so interesting is that as it makes its journey, it's stopping along the route.
• 21:28
  SPEAKER_01: It like stops to refuel, get more supplies.
• 21:30
  SPEAKER_01: It stops in Rio and then it stops in Chile and then it stops in Peru.
• 21:34
  SPEAKER_01: So fun.
• 21:36
  SPEAKER_01: But every time they stop,
• 21:38
  SPEAKER_01: people basically like storm the ship to try to get on because they know
• 21:41
  SPEAKER_01: that there's gold in California.
• 21:44
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, yeah.
• 21:45
  SPEAKER_01: By the time they get to Panama City on the West Coast,
• 21:48
  SPEAKER_01: like in the Pacific,
• 21:49
  SPEAKER_01: there's like such intense eagerness to get on the ship
• 21:52
  SPEAKER_01: that they start auctioning off tickets like in a lottery for $200 a ticket.
• 21:57
  SPEAKER_01: I don't know what the original price was, but I think it was a lot less than that.
• 22:01
  SPEAKER_02: And are there people who are like, I'm getting off here and you can take my ticket?
• 22:06
  SPEAKER_02: Like to personally profit?
• 22:07
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 22:08
  SPEAKER_01: No, I think what they did was in the
• 22:10
  SPEAKER_02: airport when they're like,
• 22:11
  SPEAKER_02: we need someone to give up their seat.
• 22:12
  SPEAKER_02: We'll give you a thousand dollars.
• 22:14
  SPEAKER_01: We need someone to gate check their bags.
• 22:17
  SPEAKER_01: No, I think that they're just like packing the ship way beyond its actual capacity.
• 22:21
  SPEAKER_01: So I don't know how many people they left with,
• 22:24
  SPEAKER_01: but they arrive in San Francisco with 400 passengers and 36 crew.
• 22:28
  SPEAKER_01: And then of course,
• 22:29
  SPEAKER_01: as soon as they got there,
• 22:30
  SPEAKER_01: the entire crew abandoned the ship and they were stuck there.
• 22:35
  SPEAKER_02: But can I say something?
• 22:39
  SPEAKER_02: Nobody wanted to work on a boat ever.
• 22:43
  SPEAKER_02: They always had to force people to do that.
• 22:45
  SPEAKER_02: So I mean,
• 22:46
  SPEAKER_02: I'm just like,
• 22:46
  SPEAKER_02: I just can't believe there's so much stuff relied on boats for so long.
• 22:50
  SPEAKER_02: And it was like,
• 22:51
  SPEAKER_02: they were literally like capturing people and forcing them to do it
• 22:55
  SPEAKER_02: because nobody wanted to.
• 22:57
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, but I feel like it was that awful.
• 23:00
  SPEAKER_01: I mean, there are other jobs like that,
• 23:02
  SPEAKER_01: like critical life safety and operational jobs that they have
• 23:05
  SPEAKER_01: a really hard time hiring for.
• 23:07
  SPEAKER_01: I think like the MTA
• 23:09
  SPEAKER_02: about working on a boat.
• 23:10
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 23:11
  SPEAKER_02: Like the train seems kind of like a good job.
• 23:14
  SPEAKER_01: But everyone is giving you shit all the time.
• 23:17
  SPEAKER_01: Everyone's so mean to them.
• 23:18
  SPEAKER_01: You just lock yourself in that little box.
• 23:20
  SPEAKER_01: But then there's like all these signs all over the trains that are like,
• 23:23
  SPEAKER_01: if you hit an MTA employee,
• 23:25
  SPEAKER_01: it's a life sentence or whatever because they think it happens so much they have
• 23:28
  SPEAKER_01: to threaten against it.
• 23:30
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, that's true.
• 23:31
  SPEAKER_02: I knew there was this bar in New Haven that was all Metro North conductors who worked at it.
• 23:39
  SPEAKER_02: And they were really happy with their jobs, but maybe that's different.
• 23:43
  SPEAKER_01: I mean, it's a good union job.
• 23:45
  SPEAKER_01: It reminds me, sorry, of something somewhat related.
• 23:48
  SPEAKER_01: I was just trying to think about like the worst jobs,
• 23:50
  SPEAKER_01: like the job that you wouldn't do maybe because it's also like unethical.
• 23:53
  SPEAKER_01: And did you know that Google's slogan officially until 2018, their old slogan was...
• 24:02
  SPEAKER_01: From its founding in 2000 was Don't Be Evil.
• 24:05
  SPEAKER_01: And then in 2018, they officially changed it.
• 24:08
  SPEAKER_01: To what?
• 24:10
  SPEAKER_01: I don't know, but they just couldn't make that commitment anymore to not be evil.
• 24:13
  SPEAKER_02: Well, I saw something that was like the Anthropic CEO was upset that people were working
• 24:19
  SPEAKER_02: for him because they needed money,
• 24:22
  SPEAKER_02: not because they believed in the mission of Anthropic.
• 24:24
  SPEAKER_01: That's how I feel about you and Mandylion.
• 24:29
  SPEAKER_01: I know why you're here.
• 24:30
  SPEAKER_01: Recently, that's been true, I think.
• 24:33
  SPEAKER_01: I know.
• 24:33
  SPEAKER_01: I'm like, please stop wanting money so badly.
• 24:35
  SPEAKER_02: I just want it to work.
• 24:37
  SPEAKER_01: It is working.
• 24:38
  SPEAKER_01: Like and subscribe.
• 24:40
  SPEAKER_01: Buy our books.
• 24:40
  SPEAKER_01: Thank you.
• 24:40
  SPEAKER_01: Like and subscribe.
• 24:41
  SPEAKER_01: Buy our books.
• 24:42
  SPEAKER_01: Save Mabel.
• 24:43
  SPEAKER_01: She's being impossible, you guys.
• 24:46
  SPEAKER_02: With her greed.
• 24:47
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 24:48
  SPEAKER_02: My tremendous greed.
• 24:50
  SPEAKER_02: I cannot feed the monster anymore.
• 24:52
  SPEAKER_02: Help.
• 24:55
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 24:56
  SPEAKER_02: So...
• 24:57
  SPEAKER_01: The California makes its journey to California and then all of
• 25:01
  SPEAKER_01: a sudden all these steamships are making the journey from the East Coast to
• 25:05
  SPEAKER_01: the West Coast.
• 25:06
  SPEAKER_01: Everybody wants gold.
• 25:08
  SPEAKER_01: And what's interesting too,
• 25:09
  SPEAKER_01: I was reading a little bit about the journeys from the West Coast to
• 25:12
  SPEAKER_01: the East Coast full of gold and like how you,
• 25:15
  SPEAKER_01: I had never thought about that,
• 25:16
  SPEAKER_01: like how you get the gold back without being like pirateered and all this stuff.
• 25:20
  SPEAKER_01: How do you do it?
• 25:21
  SPEAKER_01: I don't know.
• 25:22
  SPEAKER_01: It's really hard.
• 25:22
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, okay.
• 25:23
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 25:24
  SPEAKER_02: I thought you might have some insight when you were reading about it.
• 25:28
  SPEAKER_02: I learned about it, but it was kind of not that cool.
• 25:31
  SPEAKER_02: Like, was there, like, military or what?
• 25:33
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I think they had, like, armed guards and big safes.
• 25:36
  SPEAKER_01: It just was complicated.
• 25:37
  SPEAKER_01: And they also had to,
• 25:38
  SPEAKER_01: like, give gold away to, like, pay their journey as they made their way back.
• 25:41
  SPEAKER_01: It's just, like, something you don't think about that, like, money used to be physical.
• 25:46
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 25:47
  SPEAKER_01: When did they abolish the gold standard?
• 25:49
  SPEAKER_01: I think during the Gilded Age, right?
• 25:52
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 25:53
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 25:54
  SPEAKER_02: Is Mark Twain, is that why you gave it that name?
• 25:56
  SPEAKER_02: No, that's not why.
• 25:59
  SPEAKER_01: We're all gilded butterflies.
• 26:01
  SPEAKER_01: We're all gilded butterflies.
• 26:02
  SPEAKER_01: Thank you, Megan Fox.
• 26:04
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 26:05
  SPEAKER_01: So the ship journey was big,
• 26:08
  SPEAKER_01: but people were also getting to California other ways,
• 26:10
  SPEAKER_01: including they were taking a steamship just to Panama and then crossing Panama
• 26:15
  SPEAKER_01: on mule or canoe.
• 26:17
  SPEAKER_01: And then eventually a train was built across Panama.
• 26:20
  SPEAKER_01: And then they would get on another boat,
• 26:22
  SPEAKER_01: but a lot of people were also just crossing the country and that's intense.
• 26:26
  SPEAKER_01: Well, yeah, that's the thing that
• 26:27
  SPEAKER_02: I think of.
• 26:29
  SPEAKER_01: I'll talk a little bit about that.
• 26:31
  SPEAKER_02: The Oregon Trail.
• 26:32
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 26:34
  SPEAKER_01: The Oregon Trail.
• 26:35
  SPEAKER_02: What's that?
• 26:37
  SPEAKER_01: I actually don't think they were in search of gold on the Oregon Trail as much, right?
• 26:40
  SPEAKER_01: Isn't that more just about like going and settling?
• 26:42
  SPEAKER_01: Literally have no idea.
• 26:44
  SPEAKER_01: It's been a while since I played the game.
• 26:46
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 26:47
  SPEAKER_01: So now I want to go back.
• 26:49
  SPEAKER_01: What was California like before the gold rush?
• 26:52
  SPEAKER_01: This is a big question that was not answered for me in my elementary school education.
• 26:56
  SPEAKER_01: So I'm going to tell you if you're willing.
• 27:00
  SPEAKER_02: Here I am.
• 27:01
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 27:01
  SPEAKER_01: So California had an incredibly robust and diverse indigenous population
• 27:08
  SPEAKER_01: for its entire human history, right?
• 27:11
  SPEAKER_01: It was known for its diversity and also its kind of like separation from the rest
• 27:15
  SPEAKER_01: of North America.
• 27:16
  SPEAKER_01: So There was 135 dialects being spoken in California alone,
• 27:21
  SPEAKER_01: and there was tons of individual tribes.
• 27:23
  SPEAKER_01: And what made California unique was it's because of the way that
• 27:27
  SPEAKER_01: the mountain ranges along the east coast of California basically like separate it
• 27:31
  SPEAKER_01: from the rest of the continent.
• 27:32
  SPEAKER_01: There was very little contact with other indigenous groups in North America.
• 27:37
  SPEAKER_01: And also that's why it took so long for Europeans to get there,
• 27:41
  SPEAKER_01: especially because the sea journey was so difficult.
• 27:45
  SPEAKER_01: And based off of what I've read,
• 27:47
  SPEAKER_01: I think that California may actually have been a sort of heaven on earth.
• 27:52
  SPEAKER_01: It was known for its ample food supply,
• 27:54
  SPEAKER_01: its temperate climate and the absence of war and a large healthy population.
• 27:59
  SPEAKER_02: Isn't that kind of still what it's known for in some ways?
• 28:02
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 28:02
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 28:03
  SPEAKER_01: But it just was stolen from the people who actually originally had the heaven.
• 28:07
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 28:08
  SPEAKER_01: It's sort of like Paddington in Peru.
• 28:11
  SPEAKER_01: It's a little bit like Paddington in Peru.
• 28:15
  SPEAKER_01: There was 300,000 people living in California, estimates say.
• 28:19
  SPEAKER_01: Um, the Spanish got to Baja,
• 28:22
  SPEAKER_01: California in the 1530s and they went as far north as Santa Barbara by the 1540s,
• 28:28
  SPEAKER_01: but they weren't really into it.
• 28:29
  SPEAKER_01: They were like, we have a lot going on in Central and South America.
• 28:32
  SPEAKER_02: It does kind of look like Spain also.
• 28:34
  SPEAKER_01: So maybe they were like, we have this at home.
• 28:36
  SPEAKER_01: So true.
• 28:37
  SPEAKER_01: Been there, done there.
• 28:39
  SPEAKER_01: But then after the Seven Years' War,
• 28:42
  SPEAKER_01: when there's all these new European alliances,
• 28:44
  SPEAKER_01: Spain is like, oh, wait, we need to take this.
• 28:46
  SPEAKER_01: We need to take it hard.
• 28:48
  SPEAKER_01: So they begin a nasty and horrible period of colonization, both militarily and religiously.
• 28:59
  SPEAKER_01: So they build all these military forts and mission churches.
• 29:02
  SPEAKER_01: So those are the missions that I had a really fun time building in fourth grade.
• 29:08
  SPEAKER_01: Missions were the centers of violent colonial oppression and conversion.
• 29:12
  SPEAKER_01: And 21 of them were built between 1769 and 1833.
• 29:17
  SPEAKER_01: They were basically the Spanish government also like contracted out the work
• 29:21
  SPEAKER_01: of colonization to the Franciscan monks who lived in the missions.
• 29:25
  SPEAKER_01: And those monks just made a business out of disrupting indigenous ways of life,
• 29:31
  SPEAKER_01: spreading disease, enslaving native Californians.
• 29:34
  SPEAKER_01: They baptized 87,000 people and they killed 63,000 people.
• 29:39
  SPEAKER_01: Terrible ratio.
• 29:41
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 29:42
  SPEAKER_01: They were kidnapping children and forcibly removing them from their families.
• 29:46
  SPEAKER_01: It's just plain and simple cultural genocide.
• 29:48
  SPEAKER_02: Where in the, sorry, greater history of like Spanish colonization
• 29:56
  SPEAKER_01: is this?
• 29:57
  SPEAKER_01: Well, it's interesting because in 1821,
• 30:00
  SPEAKER_01: Mexico gains independence from Spain and And I think some of,
• 30:05
  SPEAKER_01: so all these missions that I'm talking about are really from like
• 30:08
  SPEAKER_01: within California proper.
• 30:10
  SPEAKER_01: So the missions I think were maintained by the Spanish in only for a little bit.
• 30:17
  SPEAKER_01: And then the Mexican country took them over.
• 30:22
  SPEAKER_01: And then they de-secularized them in 1833.
• 30:26
  SPEAKER_01: So the first Mexican Republic shut them down.
• 30:30
  SPEAKER_01: And all these indigenous people were emancipated and the monks went back to Mexico.
• 30:35
  SPEAKER_01: So I think basically Mexico was like, we are not interested in this project anymore.
• 30:39
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 30:41
  SPEAKER_01: But it also has to do with like sort of the history of the United States.
• 30:45
  SPEAKER_02: We need to do a Mexican independence episode.
• 30:47
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 30:47
  SPEAKER_01: I'll write it down.
• 30:49
  SPEAKER_02: I've just, we keep not knowing enough about that.
• 30:53
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 30:53
  SPEAKER_01: It comes up a lot.
• 30:55
  SPEAKER_01: A lot.
• 30:57
  SPEAKER_01: So the missions are shut down and they fall into disrepair for many decades.
• 31:01
  SPEAKER_01: And it's not until really the early 20th century until they're finally restored.
• 31:06
  SPEAKER_01: And now they've become these historic architectural landmarks of California
• 31:12
  SPEAKER_01: and they continue to inspire many celebrity homes.
• 31:15
  SPEAKER_01: Here's a quick list of some people, some celebrities who live in mission inspired homes.
• 31:20
  SPEAKER_01: Mark Ronson.
• 31:22
  SPEAKER_01: John Stamos,
• 31:23
  SPEAKER_01: who writes of his mission-inspired home,
• 31:25
  SPEAKER_01: this place is more me than any other house that I've lived in,
• 31:28
  SPEAKER_01: starting with the bones of it, which are grounded and old school.
• 31:32
  SPEAKER_01: I love it.
• 31:33
  SPEAKER_01: It's like when The Bachelor went to, what country did they go to?
• 31:37
  SPEAKER_01: Malta?
• 31:37
  SPEAKER_01: And they said, I love it here.
• 31:38
  SPEAKER_01: It's so old school.
• 31:42
  SPEAKER_01: So Paul Downs and Lucia Anello, the creators of Hacks, who I'm a big fan of.
• 31:47
  SPEAKER_02: Uh-huh.
• 31:47
  SPEAKER_01: Rainn Wilson, the actor from the office.
• 31:49
  SPEAKER_02: Where did you get this list?
• 31:51
  SPEAKER_01: Our digest.
• 31:55
  SPEAKER_01: And I wanted to ask you, I actually wrote this in my notes.
• 31:57
  SPEAKER_01: Psychotic.
• 31:59
  SPEAKER_01: Do you know,
• 32:00
  SPEAKER_01: are you aware of Rainn Wilson's strange role in the Justin Baldoni,
• 32:04
  SPEAKER_01: Blake Lively controversy?
• 32:06
  SPEAKER_02: No.
• 32:07
  SPEAKER_01: Justin Baldoni and Rainn Wilson are buddies because they're both Baha'i.
• 32:12
  SPEAKER_01: Everyone talks about the texts that are in court record between Taylor and Blake,
• 32:17
  SPEAKER_01: but not everybody's talking about the group texts with Justin and Rainn Wilson
• 32:20
  SPEAKER_01: and these other bros being like, isn't Penn Badgley also Baha'i?
• 32:25
  SPEAKER_01: I don't know.
• 32:26
  SPEAKER_01: Speaking of Gossip Girl.
• 32:27
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 32:30
  SPEAKER_01: I'm a little Miss Gossip Girl right now.
• 32:32
  SPEAKER_01: It's just funny to me.
• 32:34
  SPEAKER_01: They were texting about being Baha'i or they're texting about?
• 32:37
  SPEAKER_01: Like being men and being good guys and stuff.
• 32:40
  SPEAKER_01: I've read some of the texts.
• 32:41
  SPEAKER_01: It's awesome.
• 32:43
  SPEAKER_02: You know who else lived in a mission-inspired home?
• 32:45
  SPEAKER_01: You.
• 32:47
  SPEAKER_02: No.
• 32:47
  SPEAKER_02: I don't know.
• 32:48
  SPEAKER_02: Diane Keaton.
• 32:50
  SPEAKER_02: Oh.
• 32:51
  SPEAKER_02: Beautiful mission.
• 32:53
  SPEAKER_02: Inspired home.
• 32:54
  SPEAKER_01: Her mission was to provide the legacy of- Beautiful mission.
• 32:58
  SPEAKER_01: What's his face?
• 33:00
  SPEAKER_01: So Nina Dobrev and Jamie Lynn Sigler.
• 33:03
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, the list is not over.
• 33:07
  SPEAKER_01: I also wrote down the lead guitarist of Fall Out Boy.
• 33:10
  SPEAKER_01: Didn't write his name.
• 33:11
  SPEAKER_02: Pete Wentz, isn't it?
• 33:13
  SPEAKER_01: There's no telling.
• 33:14
  SPEAKER_01: I wrote this on a plane.
• 33:15
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 33:16
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 33:17
  SPEAKER_01: So after the collapse of the mission system, I just said the collapse of the Simpsons.
• 33:28
  SPEAKER_01: We see the rise of the- The
• 33:30
  SPEAKER_02: Simpsons is still going on.
• 33:32
  SPEAKER_02: 38 seasons later.
• 33:34
  SPEAKER_02: The mission system collapsed, but the Simpsons remains.
• 33:38
  SPEAKER_01: Tell me that doesn't sound similar.
• 33:42
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 33:43
  SPEAKER_01: After the collapse of the missions, we see the rise of the Ranchero.
• 33:48
  SPEAKER_01: I hover here again.
• 33:50
  SPEAKER_01: I'm hovering a lot because I cannot explain to you how obsessed I was with Rancheros as a child.
• 33:56
  SPEAKER_01: Like Guivos?
• 33:58
  SPEAKER_01: Nope.
• 33:59
  SPEAKER_01: Like the history of California cattle farms.
• 34:02
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 34:02
  SPEAKER_01: For some reason...
• 34:03
  SPEAKER_01: And I just,
• 34:04
  SPEAKER_01: I think there was a couple of YA books that we read in school about girls
• 34:07
  SPEAKER_01: who grew up on rancheros,
• 34:09
  SPEAKER_01: but I just thought it was the most romantic, beautiful thing ever.
• 34:12
  SPEAKER_01: And I felt like really sad.
• 34:13
  SPEAKER_02: You like do not have a great track record in your youthful interest
• 34:17
  SPEAKER_02: of like plantations and rancheros and like, yeah.
• 34:23
  SPEAKER_02: You might want to investigate your interest in power dynamics.
• 34:26
  SPEAKER_01: If we were being generous and kind,
• 34:28
  SPEAKER_01: which Madeline,
• 34:29
  SPEAKER_01: perhaps we should, we can say that I love agriculture and farming and animals.
• 34:36
  SPEAKER_01: There's an element of that.
• 34:38
  SPEAKER_01: And I also think I like stories of girls who are empowered.
• 34:41
  SPEAKER_01: And I think farming was often a space where young women were able to have
• 34:45
  SPEAKER_01: a little bit more independence in the 19th century than elsewhere.
• 34:48
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 34:50
  SPEAKER_01: If we're being generous, but we don't have to.
• 34:52
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I agree with you.
• 34:53
  SPEAKER_01: There's a lot to interrogate here.
• 34:55
  SPEAKER_01: So the missions fall,
• 34:57
  SPEAKER_01: the farmland,
• 34:58
  SPEAKER_01: the land that they had was taken over as farmland and California became the land
• 35:02
  SPEAKER_01: of cattle.
• 35:03
  SPEAKER_01: Where I grew up was cattle land at some point.
• 35:07
  SPEAKER_01: And there's a huge economy generated related to the sale of beef and animal hides.
• 35:13
  SPEAKER_02: Hmm.
• 35:13
  SPEAKER_01: But before 1824,
• 35:15
  SPEAKER_01: this is interesting,
• 35:16
  SPEAKER_01: there's just basically very few non-Hispanic people in California.
• 35:20
  SPEAKER_01: It is a very Spanish, very Mexican, very Hispanic place.
• 35:27
  SPEAKER_01: But the sort of white European population is steadily growing.
• 35:32
  SPEAKER_01: The first American citizens to start spending time in California are fur trappers in the 1820s.
• 35:39
  SPEAKER_01: And then there's this man named Johann August Sutter, who's German, Swiss.
• 35:47
  SPEAKER_01: And if you are from San Francisco, you probably know the name Sutter.
• 35:50
  SPEAKER_01: It's the name of a street.
• 35:51
  SPEAKER_01: I'm not from San Francisco.
• 35:55
  SPEAKER_01: Anyone listening?
• 35:56
  SPEAKER_01: So Sutter comes to California in 1839 and he receives a grant.
• 36:01
  SPEAKER_01: I'm not really sure from who.
• 36:03
  SPEAKER_01: For 48,000 acres that is between the Sacramento and American rivers.
• 36:10
  SPEAKER_01: And he decides to build a huge fort there.
• 36:12
  SPEAKER_01: And he thinks it's going to become this like center of a sort of agricultural Mecca.
• 36:18
  SPEAKER_01: And the Donner Party famously stopped by Sutter's Fort.
• 36:22
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, interesting.
• 36:24
  SPEAKER_01: How?
• 36:26
  SPEAKER_01: The ones who survived, I think.
• 36:28
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, after.
• 36:29
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 36:30
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 36:30
  SPEAKER_01: They were like done eating each other and they said, hey, what's up, Johan?
• 36:34
  SPEAKER_02: Blood dripping down their chin.
• 36:36
  SPEAKER_02: Like, hey guys.
• 36:37
  SPEAKER_02: I'm hungry.
• 36:39
  SPEAKER_02: You look delicious, Johan Sutter.
• 36:43
  SPEAKER_01: Yum, yum.
• 36:43
  SPEAKER_01: So something I learned...
• 36:46
  SPEAKER_01: So this is, which I didn't know, is like basically this is still not a state.
• 36:50
  SPEAKER_01: And this is just like territory that actually does belong to Mexico that a ton
• 36:55
  SPEAKER_01: of people are coming into steadily from the United States.
• 36:58
  SPEAKER_01: And in 1846,
• 37:00
  SPEAKER_01: a group of 30 American immigrants to Sonoma,
• 37:04
  SPEAKER_01: which is just north of where I grew up,
• 37:06
  SPEAKER_01: rebelled against the Mexican government to protest their inability to buy
• 37:10
  SPEAKER_01: or rent land.
• 37:11
  SPEAKER_01: And they declared independence as their own country.
• 37:16
  SPEAKER_01: Called the California Republic.
• 37:18
  SPEAKER_01: And they,
• 37:19
  SPEAKER_01: it's called the bear flag revolt because they made a flag with a bear on it and
• 37:24
  SPEAKER_01: a star on it,
• 37:24
  SPEAKER_01: which of course ended up being very similar to the California state flag later.
• 37:28
  SPEAKER_01: And from June 14th to July 9th, 1846, they were their own country.
• 37:32
  SPEAKER_01: And then they found out that the Mexican American war had started
• 37:36
  SPEAKER_01: and they were like, you know what?
• 37:37
  SPEAKER_01: We're going to pitch in with that effort.
• 37:41
  SPEAKER_02: But for three glorious weeks, they were their own country.
• 37:46
  SPEAKER_02: I was kind of like, this is sounding familiar.
• 37:50
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 37:51
  SPEAKER_01: So then once they realized that the Mexican-American War is happening, they shift focus.
• 37:56
  SPEAKER_01: And that war goes on until 1847.
• 38:00
  SPEAKER_01: And it ends in the Americans' favor.
• 38:02
  SPEAKER_01: And California, they kind of get the Mexicans out.
• 38:05
  SPEAKER_01: It's still not a state, but they've taken more control.
• 38:09
  SPEAKER_01: Interestingly, a battalion of 1,000 Mormons came and fought in that war.
• 38:13
  SPEAKER_01: There's some interesting things happening.
• 38:16
  SPEAKER_01: Um, but okay, back to Sutter.
• 38:19
  SPEAKER_01: So after the war is over,
• 38:22
  SPEAKER_01: Sutter is really working on his Fort because he's like a ton of Americans are going
• 38:27
  SPEAKER_01: to start coming here.
• 38:29
  SPEAKER_01: He's like, I'm getting ready.
• 38:31
  SPEAKER_01: And so he decides to build a town or he starts building a town called Sutterville,
• 38:37
  SPEAKER_01: which is an amazing name, very creative.
• 38:40
  SPEAKER_01: And he of course needs a lot of lumber to build his town and to make lumber in the 19th century.
• 38:48
  SPEAKER_01: And still you need a sawmill.
• 38:50
  SPEAKER_01: And so he and his partner,
• 38:52
  SPEAKER_01: James Marshall,
• 38:53
  SPEAKER_01: identify a site in Coloma,
• 38:54
  SPEAKER_01: California,
• 38:55
  SPEAKER_01: where they can build a sawmill because it has a good water situation, good stream.
• 39:01
  SPEAKER_01: And they identify the stream that they're going to deepen in order to build the mill
• 39:05
  SPEAKER_01: and have enough power.
• 39:07
  SPEAKER_01: So I think you know where I'm going with this.
• 39:09
  SPEAKER_02: I actually have no idea.
• 39:10
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 39:12
  SPEAKER_01: On January 24th, 1848,
• 39:15
  SPEAKER_01: Marshall goes down to the river to inspect the progress on digging it deeper for
• 39:19
  SPEAKER_01: the mill.
• 39:21
  SPEAKER_01: And he says later,
• 39:23
  SPEAKER_01: my eye was caught by something shining in the bottom of the ditch.
• 39:27
  SPEAKER_01: I reached my hand down and picked it up.
• 39:30
  SPEAKER_01: It made my heart thump for I was certain it was gold.
• 39:33
  SPEAKER_01: Then I saw another.
• 39:36
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 39:36
  SPEAKER_01: Chills.
• 39:37
  SPEAKER_01: I just gave myself chills.
• 39:38
  SPEAKER_02: Chills.
• 39:38
  SPEAKER_02: Awesome.
• 39:39
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 39:40
  SPEAKER_01: Everyone completely abandons their jobs working for Sutter and Marshall
• 39:45
  SPEAKER_01: and they start digging for gold.
• 39:47
  SPEAKER_01: Sutter's dream of building an agricultural empire is destroyed.
• 39:52
  SPEAKER_01: Everyone steals his land and his cattle.
• 39:55
  SPEAKER_02: Poor Sutter.
• 39:56
  SPEAKER_02: It's so cool that you could just find money in the ground.
• 40:01
  SPEAKER_02: Think about that as a concept.
• 40:03
  SPEAKER_01: I find money like in the ether, you know, I'm like idea, million dollar.
• 40:07
  SPEAKER_01: I know, but that's what I'm saying.
• 40:09
  SPEAKER_02: But that requires like your labor to produce.
• 40:12
  SPEAKER_02: Like this is purely you're like walking along and like money under your feet.
• 40:17
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, it's really cool.
• 40:20
  SPEAKER_01: But if it makes you feel better, it didn't
• 40:22
  SPEAKER_02: last for very long.
• 40:23
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 40:24
  SPEAKER_01: So by May, so this is January when they spot the gold.
• 40:29
  SPEAKER_01: In May word of the discovery of gold has spread to San Francisco
• 40:33
  SPEAKER_01: and San Francisco becomes literally a ghost town overnight.
• 40:37
  SPEAKER_01: Everyone rushes inland to the gold fields and everyone is just going crazy.
• 40:45
  SPEAKER_01: They're panning for gold.
• 40:46
  SPEAKER_01: They're having an amazing time.
• 40:48
  SPEAKER_01: But what's interesting, of course, is that this is all still happening in 1848.
• 40:52
  SPEAKER_01: But why are we talking about 1849 Mabel?
• 40:54
  SPEAKER_01: Because it takes so long for word to travel.
• 40:58
  SPEAKER_01: So it's really not until 1849 that anyone else other
• 41:00
  SPEAKER_01: than San Franciscans really makes it to the gold fields.
• 41:03
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 41:03
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 41:12
  SPEAKER_01: But what I'm also interested in here is how the distance between California and
• 41:17
  SPEAKER_01: the rest of the United States creates also all of this space for rumors
• 41:20
  SPEAKER_01: and speculation.
• 41:21
  SPEAKER_01: So we're talking about the speculation for gold and we're also talking
• 41:25
  SPEAKER_01: about literal speculation.
• 41:26
  SPEAKER_01: Like nobody knows what's true and what's fact.
• 41:29
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 41:29
  SPEAKER_01: The discovery of gold taps into like centuries of fantasies about like the fountain
• 41:34
  SPEAKER_01: of youth and El Dorado, cities made of gold.
• 41:39
  SPEAKER_01: And I just, I would love that.
• 41:42
  SPEAKER_02: And I just love that.
• 41:45
  SPEAKER_02: Can I ask two questions, please?
• 41:47
  SPEAKER_02: One, so I read that book about Stanford and the Rebecca Solnit book about Muybridge
• 41:57
  SPEAKER_02: and Stanford and like the invention of photography and the train and all of this.
• 42:02
  SPEAKER_02: But that's very much a San Francisco story.
• 42:05
  SPEAKER_02: And if I recall correctly, like San Francisco was pretty sparsely populated anyway.
• 42:12
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 42:13
  SPEAKER_02: And there were no women.
• 42:14
  SPEAKER_01: Yes.
• 42:14
  SPEAKER_01: Correct.
• 42:16
  SPEAKER_01: I have some stats on that because there wasn't much else happening there.
• 42:21
  SPEAKER_01: So San Francisco grew from a town of 200 people in 1846 to 36,000 in 1852.
• 42:29
  SPEAKER_01: That's crazy.
• 42:30
  SPEAKER_01: 200.
• 42:30
  SPEAKER_01: And it also like the way that it develops is really interesting because of course,
• 42:37
  SPEAKER_01: like if you're interested in Like coming for gold and leaving with your gold,
• 42:41
  SPEAKER_01: you're not really like building a nice building.
• 42:43
  SPEAKER_01: So the city is overrun by shanties and tents,
• 42:46
  SPEAKER_01: which actually is kind of interesting in the history of San Francisco,
• 42:49
  SPEAKER_01: given the current like cultural fascination with California is this like,
• 42:53
  SPEAKER_01: and San Francisco in particular is this place where like the homeless have taken
• 42:56
  SPEAKER_01: over and destroyed downtown San Francisco.
• 42:58
  SPEAKER_02: And there's all these tent cities actually always been a drifter's town.
• 43:01
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 43:02
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 43:02
  SPEAKER_01: And the sixties also people just like swept in,
• 43:04
  SPEAKER_01: they were camping in the park and then they swept right out on their like LSD trip.
• 43:08
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 43:08
  SPEAKER_02: I mean,
• 43:08
  SPEAKER_02: it's like the Joan Didion thing about California is that it's people who it's full
• 43:12
  SPEAKER_02: of people who were who were willing to keep going,
• 43:15
  SPEAKER_02: looking for something better and then got to the end and didn't find.
• 43:18
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 43:19
  SPEAKER_01: And also,
• 43:20
  SPEAKER_01: it reminds me, too,
• 43:20
  SPEAKER_01: of what you say in your introduction to our book,
• 43:23
  SPEAKER_01: The Hill of Dreams, where the like interest in like speculation and mining is.
• 43:31
  SPEAKER_01: Like at some point the Europeans run out of things to like pillage.
• 43:34
  SPEAKER_01: And so they have nothing left to, but to pillage their own minds.
• 43:37
  SPEAKER_01: I don't remember how you say it, but it's so good.
• 43:38
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 43:39
  SPEAKER_01: I mean, I still believe that.
• 43:41
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 43:41
  SPEAKER_01: From when I wrote
• 43:42
  SPEAKER_01: that a year ago, it holds true.
• 43:46
  SPEAKER_01: And so, yeah, California or San Francisco, sorry, is like overrun with tents and shanties.
• 43:50
  SPEAKER_01: There's no churches and there's no women.
• 43:53
  SPEAKER_01: And like in 1849, there
• 43:56
  SPEAKER_02: no churches and no women.
• 43:57
  SPEAKER_01: It's dream.
• 43:59
  SPEAKER_01: Um, 40,000 people arrive in San Francisco by ship in the year 1849 and 700 of them are women.
• 44:06
  SPEAKER_01: Amazing.
• 44:07
  SPEAKER_02: I bet those girls had a horrible time.
• 44:09
  SPEAKER_01: I was just going to say, I'm like, that ratio?
• 44:12
  SPEAKER_01: Killer.
• 44:13
  SPEAKER_01: What?
• 44:14
  SPEAKER_01: I'm kidding.
• 44:16
  SPEAKER_01: It's the opposite.
• 44:17
  SPEAKER_01: It's like a frat party.
• 44:19
  SPEAKER_01: Well, that's also,
• 44:20
  SPEAKER_01: shout out to one of our first two books,
• 44:22
  SPEAKER_01: Other Things Being Equal, which is about San Francisco in the 19th century.
• 44:26
  SPEAKER_01: Women didn't really go around By themselves in San Francisco at that time,
• 44:31
  SPEAKER_01: because the only women who did that, like,
• 44:33
  SPEAKER_01: if you were a good woman,
• 44:34
  SPEAKER_01: you wouldn't do that because the only women who did that were busy.
• 44:37
  SPEAKER_02: Well, you had to stay inside lest you be molested in some way.
• 44:42
  SPEAKER_01: So also,
• 44:43
  SPEAKER_01: of course,
• 44:44
  SPEAKER_01: when you discover gold,
• 44:45
  SPEAKER_01: there's a lot of money in that,
• 44:46
  SPEAKER_01: but then there's a whole other industry that develops of people selling stuff
• 44:51
  SPEAKER_01: to people looking for gold.
• 44:52
  SPEAKER_01: So there's a guy named Samuel Brannon who hears the rumors of gold very early.
• 44:59
  SPEAKER_01: And he rushes to set up a gold prospecting supply store.
• 45:03
  SPEAKER_01: So selling stuff that prospectors would need.
• 45:05
  SPEAKER_01: And he just walks through the San Francisco,
• 45:07
  SPEAKER_01: apparently shouting gold, gold, gold from the American river.
• 45:11
  SPEAKER_01: Love it.
• 45:11
  SPEAKER_01: Love.
• 45:13
  SPEAKER_01: So there's this kind of sea of uncertainty, speculation, rumor happening.
• 45:18
  SPEAKER_01: Um,
• 45:19
  SPEAKER_01: and actually William Tecumseh Sherman convinces the military governor Mason to visit
• 45:25
  SPEAKER_01: the gold fields and verify the accounts for president James K Polk.
• 45:31
  SPEAKER_01: And James K Polk officially announces the gold strike in his state of
• 45:35
  SPEAKER_01: the union address to Congress on December 5th, 1848.
• 45:38
  SPEAKER_01: So nearly a full year after gold was actually discovered.
• 45:42
  SPEAKER_01: And just to tie a beautiful little bow on this story of kind
• 45:45
  SPEAKER_01: of truth versus fact versus fiction,
• 45:47
  SPEAKER_01: a very fun fact is that Polk was the first American president to be photographed.
• 45:54
  SPEAKER_01: Insert photo here.
• 45:55
  SPEAKER_01: But basically it's like, what is truth in this time is changing.
• 46:00
  SPEAKER_01: And also like what it means to be rich is changing because it's like, yeah,
• 46:03
  SPEAKER_01: you can go find gold on the stream,
• 46:05
  SPEAKER_01: but also you can make a lot more money probably selling and it's a lot safer
• 46:10
  SPEAKER_01: and reliable to sell pots and pans to gold miners.
• 46:14
  SPEAKER_01: And there's this amazing cartoon of a prospector,
• 46:19
  SPEAKER_01: like a guy going out West and I actually think this image is in one
• 46:22
  SPEAKER_01: of our visual glossaries.
• 46:24
  SPEAKER_01: So this is a print printed by this company that I think we see a lot
• 46:28
  SPEAKER_01: in our visual glossary research, Courier and Ives.
• 46:31
  SPEAKER_01: And the caption is the independent gold hunter on his way to California.
• 46:35
  SPEAKER_01: I neither borrow nor lend, the caption says.
• 46:38
  SPEAKER_01: So there's some sort of like ethnic aspect to this image, which I don't really know about.
• 46:47
  SPEAKER_02: What do you mean?
• 46:48
  SPEAKER_02: You think he's Jewish?
• 46:49
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, he looks really Jewish to me.
• 46:52
  SPEAKER_02: I'm like, say it like it is.
• 46:54
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 46:55
  SPEAKER_01: I mean, I'm just.
• 46:55
  SPEAKER_02: Do you think that's just because he's like,
• 46:57
  SPEAKER_02: I mean, the borrow and lend thing is very like usury coded.
• 47:02
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 47:03
  SPEAKER_01: But it's not.
• 47:03
  SPEAKER_01: I mean, let's describe.
• 47:04
  SPEAKER_02: He looks like a traveling salesman.
• 47:07
  SPEAKER_01: It's a man wearing a peddler.
• 47:09
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, he looks like a peddler.
• 47:11
  SPEAKER_01: He's wearing kind of a nicely tailored brown working jacket and big black boots.
• 47:16
  SPEAKER_01: Behind him, there's a sign that says like St. Louis this way, California that way.
• 47:20
  SPEAKER_01: And he has 1700 miles more to go towards California.
• 47:24
  SPEAKER_01: He's smoking a cigarette.
• 47:27
  SPEAKER_01: Carrying many pots and pans, tea kettles.
• 47:30
  SPEAKER_01: He also has, what is it called?
• 47:31
  SPEAKER_01: The thing that weighs the gold, like the scales, like the Libra symbol.
• 47:36
  SPEAKER_01: There's like sausage links.
• 47:38
  SPEAKER_01: There's a teapot.
• 47:39
  SPEAKER_01: It's like a little bindle.
• 47:41
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 47:41
  SPEAKER_01: It's very cute.
• 47:42
  SPEAKER_01: It's really cute.
• 47:43
  SPEAKER_01: But this is kind of the person on their way to California.
• 47:47
  SPEAKER_02: The other one I want to show, something almost in that image, like of the...
• 47:57
  SPEAKER_02: There's something of the libertarian in there too.
• 48:01
  SPEAKER_02: What do you mean?
• 48:03
  SPEAKER_02: Like this idea that you can carry everything you need on your back
• 48:08
  SPEAKER_02: and you don't borrow or lend and you are sort of like,
• 48:12
  SPEAKER_02: it's not like they're pushing society out further by moving to California.
• 48:16
  SPEAKER_02: They're abandoning it to be on their own, which I think is suspect.
• 48:21
  SPEAKER_01: Because there's no real escaping from the culture from which you come.
• 48:25
  SPEAKER_01: Exactly.
• 48:26
  SPEAKER_02: And it's impossible to live on your own without relying on other people.
• 48:32
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 48:32
  SPEAKER_01: And also when they got there, they took from people.
• 48:36
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 48:36
  SPEAKER_02: That's the romantic ideal of California, I think, is that it is possible.
• 48:41
  SPEAKER_01: So I just pulled up this other caricature from 1849,
• 48:45
  SPEAKER_01: which I love,
• 48:46
  SPEAKER_01: which the caption of this one is Moe's lies and little Moe's go to California.
• 48:50
  SPEAKER_01: And I put this one in the visual glossary for Elsie Venner.
• 48:54
  SPEAKER_01: And it's hilarious.
• 48:56
  SPEAKER_01: It's also featuring sausage links.
• 48:59
  SPEAKER_02: Do you see that?
• 49:00
  SPEAKER_02: I think it might be anti-German.
• 49:03
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, you're right.
• 49:05
  SPEAKER_01: But Moe's is a Bowery Bohoy,
• 49:07
  SPEAKER_02: which is an American nationalist.
• 49:10
  SPEAKER_02: Which one do you think is Moe's?
• 49:13
  SPEAKER_02: The big Moe's, the one holding the sausage links.
• 49:15
  SPEAKER_02: I'm so confused.
• 49:17
  SPEAKER_01: Moe's embodies a New York type.
• 49:18
  SPEAKER_02: I sometimes really can't figure out what is being racialized in these images.
• 49:24
  SPEAKER_01: So this is a print that's in the Met's collection.
• 49:27
  SPEAKER_01: Here's how the Met characterizes this print.
• 49:29
  SPEAKER_01: One of America's first successful caricaturists,
• 49:31
  SPEAKER_01: Robinson here depicts Moe's the Bowery Beehoy,
• 49:34
  SPEAKER_01: a figure popularized on stage by Frank Shang-Groo.
• 49:38
  SPEAKER_01: Moe's embodies a New York type of work
• 49:47
  SPEAKER_01: Mose's bright red shirt,
• 49:48
  SPEAKER_01: rolled pants,
• 49:49
  SPEAKER_01: top hat,
• 49:49
  SPEAKER_01: and tilted cigar made him unmissable and are evident in this print,
• 49:52
  SPEAKER_01: which is inspired by an 1849 play that sends Mose,
• 49:55
  SPEAKER_01: his son, little Mose, and his girlfriend lies to California during the gold rush.
• 49:59
  SPEAKER_01: Here they depart from Catherine Market in an open wagon pulled by a jackass.
• 50:04
  SPEAKER_02: I mean, what this description is not saying is that firemen and mechanics in
• 50:08
  SPEAKER_02: that time were thugs.
• 50:11
  SPEAKER_02: They weren't like what we think of.
• 50:12
  SPEAKER_02: And where'd you learn that, Madeline?
• 50:14
  SPEAKER_02: Yes.
• 50:15
  SPEAKER_02: Gangs of New York.
• 50:16
  SPEAKER_02: Well, also Lucy San's book, The Gangs of New York is based on low life was all about that.
• 50:21
  SPEAKER_02: Amazing.
• 50:23
  SPEAKER_01: What I love about this image that's also not mentioned in the caption is that
• 50:25
  SPEAKER_01: the jackass is being motivated to Run fast because there's
• 50:30
  SPEAKER_01: a giant cabbage being dangled in front of you.
• 50:33
  SPEAKER_02: You know what it's speaking to think of when we were on the subway the other day
• 50:37
  SPEAKER_02: and there was that guy with the ball hanging from his hoodie.
• 50:41
  SPEAKER_01: That was awesome.
• 50:43
  SPEAKER_02: He was like,
• 50:43
  SPEAKER_02: he had this like rubber ball hanging from his hoodie and he was playing with it
• 50:47
  SPEAKER_02: in front of his face.
• 50:48
  SPEAKER_02: It was so funny.
• 50:50
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 50:50
  SPEAKER_01: It's a lot like that.
• 50:51
  SPEAKER_01: And that's how you get to California folks.
• 50:54
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 50:55
  SPEAKER_01: So let me, let me go back to my notes a little bit here.
• 51:00
  SPEAKER_02: Let's go back to your notes.
• 51:02
  SPEAKER_01: So gold rush, big picture, right?
• 51:04
  SPEAKER_01: 300,000 people ultimately traveled to California during this period.
• 51:07
  SPEAKER_01: Most of them in 1849, making them 49ers.
• 51:11
  SPEAKER_01: At first they are people from San Francisco and Then they are people from
• 51:15
  SPEAKER_01: the East Coast to the United States, but also tons of people from Latin America.
• 51:19
  SPEAKER_01: Many from Mexican mining regions are coming to San Francisco.
• 51:23
  SPEAKER_01: Many Chinese people, German people, Italians, French, British, Australians.
• 51:28
  SPEAKER_01: And of those 300,000 people,
• 51:30
  SPEAKER_01: half came by sea and half came over land on the California Trail,
• 51:34
  SPEAKER_01: it's called, and the California Road.
• 51:36
  SPEAKER_01: So the Oregon Trail, they must have been trying to go to Oregon, which I'm like, what?
• 51:39
  SPEAKER_01: Why?
• 51:40
  SPEAKER_01: Don't get it.
• 51:41
  SPEAKER_01: Maybe they didn't know.
• 51:43
  SPEAKER_01: Maybe they didn't know.
• 51:44
  SPEAKER_01: I mean, there could have been gold there too, and maybe there was.
• 51:47
  SPEAKER_01: So the gold was initially collected just like in streams and riverbeds the way
• 51:53
  SPEAKER_01: that it was first discovered.
• 51:54
  SPEAKER_01: But by 1850, most of the gold was basically gone in that fashion.
• 51:59
  SPEAKER_01: So energy then gets channeled into practicing extraction.
• 52:04
  SPEAKER_01: And the labor of that is incredibly violent and difficult.
• 52:09
  SPEAKER_01: And also it becomes really a lot more competitive,
• 52:11
  SPEAKER_01: which is where you get a lot of the xenophobia and racism developing
• 52:15
  SPEAKER_01: in San Francisco towards Latin American and Chinese miners.
• 52:19
  SPEAKER_01: But also I think based off of the sausage links
• 52:21
  SPEAKER_01: and these illustrations I've just shown you perhaps towards the Germans as well.
• 52:26
  SPEAKER_01: And I think I texted this to you while I was doing research for this episode.
• 52:31
  SPEAKER_01: My favorite section of
• 52:32
  SPEAKER_01: the California Gold Rush Wikipedia page is one titled Development
• 52:36
  SPEAKER_01: of Gold Recovery Techniques.
• 52:38
  SPEAKER_01: And there's nothing like a Wikipedia page about something happening in 1849.
• 52:43
  SPEAKER_01: There's nothing like when it starts with the phrase approximately 400 million years ago.
• 52:50
  SPEAKER_01: Wikipedia wants you guys to know that California,
• 52:54
  SPEAKER_01: 400 million years ago, lay at the bottom of a large sea.
• 52:59
  SPEAKER_01: And then these underwater volcanoes deposited lava and minerals,
• 53:02
  SPEAKER_01: including gold, onto the seafloor.
• 53:04
  SPEAKER_01: And then tectonic forces, these...
• 53:09
  SPEAKER_01: These tectonic plates move and then forces the minerals and rocks to become
• 53:13
  SPEAKER_01: the surface of the Sierra Nevada and then they erode and then they get into
• 53:17
  SPEAKER_01: the water and then they're deposited in these riverbeds and stream beds.
• 53:22
  SPEAKER_01: That's where in 1849 they first started seeing gold.
• 53:27
  SPEAKER_01: That's so crazy.
• 53:28
  SPEAKER_02: Do you think that lava is making gold right now?
• 53:32
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I think we just need to wait 400 million more years and then we'll be rich again.
• 53:36
  SPEAKER_02: Well, I feel like the fear is that we take it all out and then there's none left and
• 53:40
  SPEAKER_02: then we have to wait 400 million years and we all die.
• 53:44
  SPEAKER_01: Well,
• 53:44
  SPEAKER_01: what if you and I start digging a really deep hole now to make it easier for us
• 53:49
  SPEAKER_01: to get the gold in 400 million years?
• 53:50
  SPEAKER_01: Pour hot water in.
• 53:53
  SPEAKER_01: Nice.
• 53:54
  SPEAKER_02: Put boiling water in a really deep hole.
• 53:56
  SPEAKER_01: What's the worst that could happen?
• 53:59
  SPEAKER_01: We accidentally poured tea into China.
• 54:01
  SPEAKER_01: I mean, the other famous California myth,
• 54:03
  SPEAKER_01: which was beautifully told once by Nancy Pelosi while on a diplomatic trip
• 54:08
  SPEAKER_01: to Taiwan.
• 54:09
  SPEAKER_01: Spoke at my commencement from Bard.
• 54:13
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, there is a clip of Nancy Pelosi being like,
• 54:18
  SPEAKER_01: when I was a little girl in California,
• 54:20
  SPEAKER_01: we were told that if you started digging, you'd make your way to China.
• 54:23
  SPEAKER_01: And then it's just like crickets.
• 54:25
  SPEAKER_01: Like everyone's like, well, that's offensive.
• 54:28
  SPEAKER_01: So yeah.
• 54:30
  SPEAKER_01: This is all happening 400 million years ago.
• 54:34
  SPEAKER_01: 400 million years later, California becomes a state in 1850 via the Compromise of 1850.
• 54:41
  SPEAKER_01: And it enters as a free state.
• 54:43
  SPEAKER_01: So the gold rush,
• 54:46
  SPEAKER_01: in addition to sort of bringing all this gold to the surface, also,
• 54:50
  SPEAKER_01: of course,
• 54:50
  SPEAKER_01: basically like marks the point of epic decline for native Californian population,
• 54:58
  SPEAKER_01: disease, starvation, violence, it's just growing.
• 55:01
  SPEAKER_01: And that community is being pillaged.
• 55:04
  SPEAKER_01: On top of that, California was incredibly lawless.
• 55:08
  SPEAKER_01: So Even like before it becomes a state and after.
• 55:11
  SPEAKER_01: So when like what makes it even more confusing is that
• 55:15
  SPEAKER_01: when gold was first discovered,
• 55:17
  SPEAKER_01: California was not a state and this is all Mexican territory.
• 55:20
  SPEAKER_01: But basically there's like no system of land ownership yet.
• 55:28
  SPEAKER_01: Local residents operated under a confusing and changing mixture of Mexican rules,
• 55:32
  SPEAKER_01: American principles and personal dictates.
• 55:35
  SPEAKER_02: So all of that gold belongs to Mexico.
• 55:37
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 55:38
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 55:39
  SPEAKER_01: Lax enforcement of federal laws,
• 55:41
  SPEAKER_01: such as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850,
• 55:43
  SPEAKER_01: incurs the arrival of free Blacks and escaped slaves.
• 55:46
  SPEAKER_01: So it's lawless in that everybody is just pillaging the land that actually belongs
• 55:52
  SPEAKER_01: to Mexico,
• 55:53
  SPEAKER_01: but also there is very little enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
• 55:57
  SPEAKER_01: So a lot of free Blacks and escaped slaves are coming to California to like start
• 56:02
  SPEAKER_01: over and have hopefully a free life.
• 56:05
  SPEAKER_01: So I feel like there's this interesting thing Theme also,
• 56:09
  SPEAKER_01: you know, I was talking about the theme of sort of fact versus fantasy fiction.
• 56:12
  SPEAKER_01: And then there's also just there's who owns what.
• 56:15
  SPEAKER_01: There's no private property and there's no taxes.
• 56:18
  SPEAKER_01: So again, California is heaven.
• 56:21
  SPEAKER_01: And I just think that that legacy is also very present in the subsequent history
• 56:28
  SPEAKER_01: of California that you were talking about with Joan Didion.
• 56:30
  SPEAKER_01: Like, yeah,
• 56:31
  SPEAKER_01: there's a reason that you end up there,
• 56:33
  SPEAKER_01: not only because it's as far as West as you can go,
• 56:35
  SPEAKER_01: but also because it's sort of the place where there was no rules.
• 56:38
  SPEAKER_02: Right.
• 56:40
  SPEAKER_01: Libertarian.
• 56:42
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, all you need is the bucket on your head.
• 56:45
  SPEAKER_01: And the bindle on your back.
• 56:49
  SPEAKER_01: So that's kind of my history of 1849.
• 56:52
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, we love it.
• 56:54
  SPEAKER_01: I want to sing this out by talking about one person's perspective on all of this.
• 57:00
  SPEAKER_01: And I thought it would be interesting to read from a memoir by
• 57:03
  SPEAKER_01: a woman named Jessie Ann Benton Fremont.
• 57:06
  SPEAKER_01: Who was an American writer,
• 57:08
  SPEAKER_01: who was the daughter of a Missouri senator named Thomas Hart Benton.
• 57:12
  SPEAKER_01: And she was married to a military officer, explorer, and politician named John C. Fremont.
• 57:18
  SPEAKER_01: And there is a city in California called Fremont.
• 57:21
  SPEAKER_01: So I'm assuming that has to do with him.
• 57:25
  SPEAKER_01: But no, no certainty.
• 57:28
  SPEAKER_01: No way to know.
• 57:29
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 57:29
  SPEAKER_01: So I read some pages from her memoir called A Year of American Travel.
• 57:36
  SPEAKER_01: Which was just absolutely colorful.
• 57:39
  SPEAKER_01: And she talks about having decided to go to California in the spring of 1848
• 57:44
  SPEAKER_01: before she or anyone on the East Coast had heard about gold.
• 57:50
  SPEAKER_01: Sus.
• 57:51
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 57:51
  SPEAKER_01: She's like, I was already going.
• 57:54
  SPEAKER_01: Well, her family was very interested.
• 57:56
  SPEAKER_01: Don't be crass.
• 57:58
  SPEAKER_01: But she also talks about this theme that I'm interested in about kind
• 58:01
  SPEAKER_01: of like what's real or what's not.
• 58:03
  SPEAKER_01: And she says, you know, there was uncertain slow communications that were had with that coast.
• 58:08
  SPEAKER_01: And it was nearly a winter before the news reached us in Washington.
• 58:11
  SPEAKER_01: It seems odd to recall now the little vial of gold dust so carefully brought
• 58:15
  SPEAKER_01: as voucher for the startling story.
• 58:18
  SPEAKER_01: So we talked about Tecumseh Sherman earlier.
• 58:22
  SPEAKER_01: Forcing Mason to come prove that there's gold in these fields,
• 58:25
  SPEAKER_01: but also they're like literally having to bring proof of gold.
• 58:27
  SPEAKER_01: So again, gold is the messenger.
• 58:29
  SPEAKER_02: That's so cute.
• 58:31
  SPEAKER_01: And then she talks about how it was decided in her family that she would go to California.
• 58:36
  SPEAKER_01: And she's like, I'm not going to go into why I went.
• 58:38
  SPEAKER_01: You should just read my dad's books for any explanation.
• 58:41
  SPEAKER_01: So love.
• 58:45
  SPEAKER_01: And you want to know the backstory by the prequel.
• 58:49
  SPEAKER_01: Exactly.
• 58:51
  SPEAKER_01: She then talks about the preparations that were made saying,
• 58:54
  SPEAKER_01: I look back to my preparations for that voyage into the unknown,
• 58:58
  SPEAKER_01: all the planning and reading and grief and fears in contrast with
• 59:02
  SPEAKER_01: the seven days pleasure trip of today.
• 59:04
  SPEAKER_01: So that's really fascinating.
• 59:07
  SPEAKER_01: She died in 1902 and I think this memoir came out in the 1880s.
• 59:12
  SPEAKER_01: So it's like even in the span of her own lifetime travel to California.
• 59:15
  SPEAKER_02: So it became a rail journey.
• 59:17
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I think it must have been or because it can't have been seven days through
• 59:20
  SPEAKER_01: the Panama Canal.
• 59:22
  SPEAKER_01: No, that would still seems like a pretty long trip.
• 59:25
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 59:27
  SPEAKER_01: And then she talks a lot about which servant to bring with her on her trip.
• 59:32
  SPEAKER_01: How did she choose?
• 59:33
  SPEAKER_01: She says the elder women could not leave their families.
• 59:37
  SPEAKER_01: And after much thinking,
• 59:38
  SPEAKER_01: a younger one was set apart and each of us was considered a victim selected
• 59:41
  SPEAKER_01: for sacrifice.
• 59:43
  SPEAKER_01: Like, is that true?
• 59:44
  SPEAKER_01: Because listen to the next sentence.
• 59:46
  SPEAKER_01: Although I was born and brought up among slaves, the servants in my home were all freed people.
• 59:50
  SPEAKER_01: Their children had grown up with us and there was great attachment between us.
• 59:53
  SPEAKER_01: So I'm like, she brought up.
• 59:56
  SPEAKER_01: A woman who's definitely effectively enslaved.
• 59:59
  SPEAKER_02: But it was a big sacrifice for them both.
• 1:00:04
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, I can imagine.
• 1:00:07
  SPEAKER_01: Think of what she was giving up.
• 1:00:09
  SPEAKER_01: And then she says something which is interesting in relationship to our last episode
• 1:00:14
  SPEAKER_01: where we talked about the history of mourning in the 19th century and the rise
• 1:00:19
  SPEAKER_01: of ready-to-wear fashion with Jessica DeFino.
• 1:00:22
  SPEAKER_01: Check it out, 1861.
• 1:00:22
  SPEAKER_01: So
• 1:00:25
  SPEAKER_01: Fremont writes,
• 1:00:26
  SPEAKER_01: I must remind that this was before sewing machines,
• 1:00:28
  SPEAKER_01: that we were in Washington and that it was quite before the day
• 1:00:31
  SPEAKER_01: of ready-made outfits in our country,
• 1:00:33
  SPEAKER_01: so that we busied ourselves with preparations for the heat of the tropics
• 1:00:36
  SPEAKER_01: with refreshing my Spanish and I,
• 1:00:38
  SPEAKER_01: for my part,
• 1:00:38
  SPEAKER_01: chiefly in reconciling myself to the fact that in a few months I should be cut loose
• 1:00:42
  SPEAKER_01: from everything that had made my previous life.
• 1:00:46
  SPEAKER_01: So she not only has to relearn Spanish, but she also has to make all her outfits.
• 1:00:50
  SPEAKER_01: So fun.
• 1:00:52
  SPEAKER_02: And I've sort of seen you do this in advance of trips.
• 1:00:55
  SPEAKER_02: Like learn a language?
• 1:00:57
  SPEAKER_02: No, make an outfit.
• 1:01:01
  SPEAKER_02: Or before a party happening that night.
• 1:01:03
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, hours before.
• 1:01:04
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I mean,
• 1:01:06
  SPEAKER_01: there's not only the New Year's Eve where I decided I was going to knit myself
• 1:01:09
  SPEAKER_01: a shirt.
• 1:01:10
  SPEAKER_01: Did not get very far.
• 1:01:11
  SPEAKER_01: I started to knit my shirt.
• 1:01:14
  SPEAKER_01: Still wore it.
• 1:01:15
  SPEAKER_01: It did not go from nipple to nipple.
• 1:01:17
  SPEAKER_01: Had to wear an undershirt.
• 1:01:20
  SPEAKER_01: And then there was this summer when I was going to a wedding at two and said,
• 1:01:24
  SPEAKER_01: Mom, I cannot wear the outfit I brought.
• 1:01:26
  SPEAKER_01: Let's go shopping.
• 1:01:27
  SPEAKER_01: And that was at 1 p.m.
• 1:01:28
  SPEAKER_01: Perfect.
• 1:01:30
  SPEAKER_01: I was talking about it later with my mom and I was like,
• 1:01:33
  SPEAKER_01: so funny how I bought that outfit the day of.
• 1:01:35
  SPEAKER_01: She's like, it's not that it was the day of, Mabel.
• 1:01:37
  SPEAKER_01: It was the fact that it was an hour before.
• 1:01:39
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 1:01:41
  SPEAKER_02: Wait, I have to kill the dog.
• 1:01:43
  SPEAKER_02: Excuse me.
• 1:01:46
  SPEAKER_01: So rude.
• 1:01:48
  SPEAKER_01: I mean, don't worry, Fran.
• 1:01:50
  SPEAKER_01: That actually was my last point.
• 1:01:52
  SPEAKER_01: Perfect.
• 1:01:53
  SPEAKER_01: Because I don't need to share with you the horribly racist things that she says
• 1:01:57
  SPEAKER_01: about her journey across Panama in a dugout canoe.
• 1:02:01
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, that's so fun, though.
• 1:02:03
  SPEAKER_02: I know.
• 1:02:04
  SPEAKER_02: For her.
• 1:02:05
  SPEAKER_02: I'll put it below the paywall.
• 1:02:07
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 1:02:08
  SPEAKER_02: I mean, I don't need to know the racist things she said.
• 1:02:10
  SPEAKER_02: I'm just like, that's a fun...
• 1:02:12
  SPEAKER_02: Way to go.
• 1:02:13
  SPEAKER_01: She didn't not have fun.
• 1:02:14
  SPEAKER_01: She just had fun and decided to make it terrible for other people, you know?
• 1:02:19
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 1:02:19
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, I know.
• 1:02:20
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, you know.
• 1:02:23
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 1:02:23
  SPEAKER_01: So in conclusion, that is one thing that happened in 1849 is that California changed forever.
• 1:02:29
  SPEAKER_01: Wow.
• 1:02:31
  SPEAKER_02: Well, thank you for sharing that with me.
• 1:02:33
  SPEAKER_02: Thanks for listening.
• 1:02:35
  SPEAKER_02: And thanks our audience for listening.
• 1:02:38
  SPEAKER_01: Thank you to our audience.
• 1:02:39
  SPEAKER_01: And please,
• 1:02:40
  SPEAKER_01: if you made it to this part of the episode,
• 1:02:41
  SPEAKER_01: it would mean the world to us if you gave this podcast five stars,
• 1:02:45
  SPEAKER_01: both on Spotify and on Apple and wrote a review.
• 1:02:48
  SPEAKER_01: Go to every podcast app you have five stars.
• 1:02:52
  SPEAKER_01: Rebecca just said that's asking a lot.
• 1:02:55
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, but if you're a real one...
• 1:02:59
  SPEAKER_01: All right.
• 1:02:59
  SPEAKER_01: Love you all.
• 1:03:00
  SPEAKER_02: Has Rebecca not
• 1:03:01
  SPEAKER_01: done that?
• 1:03:01
  SPEAKER_01: I don't know.
• 1:03:02
  SPEAKER_01: I'm going to go check on her phone right now.
• 1:03:03
  SPEAKER_02: Just make sure.
• 1:03:04
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 1:03:04
  SPEAKER_02: All right.
• 1:03:06
  SPEAKER_02: Bye.
• 1:03:06
  SPEAKER_02: Bye.
• 1:03:11
  SPEAKER_00: Hello.
• 1:03:12
  SPEAKER_00: You've reached 1-800-1800.
• 1:03:13
  SPEAKER_00: 1-800-1800.
• 1:03:13
  SPEAKER_00: I have a burning question.
• 1:03:17
  SPEAKER_00: 1-800-1800.
• 1:03:17
  SPEAKER_00: 1-800-1800.
• 1:03:29
  SPEAKER_00: I have
• 1:03:30
  SPEAKER_02: a burning question.