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The Childhood of the Sandy Hook Shooter · History Dark

0:02
Speaker 1: They are some of the world's most notorious serial killers.
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Speaker 2: He was like a god when he had a corpse
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Speaker 2: at his plaything.
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Speaker 1: But were these psychopaths born evil, or did their mothers
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Speaker 1: make them into monsters? I'm Donald McIntyre, and I'm on
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Speaker 1: a quest to explore how some of history's most horrific
0:20
Speaker 1: murderers were molded by their dysfunctional relationships with their mothers.
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Speaker 1: When it comes to people who are pathological, psychopathic, the
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Speaker 1: influence of the mother is absolutely dominant. I'll be piecing
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Speaker 1: together events in their childhoods and talking to criminologists and
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Speaker 1: psychologists to try to understand what motivated their monstrous crimes.
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Speaker 1: We had never come across a serial killer who'd killed
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Speaker 1: that many people. In this program, Adam Lanza, the lone
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Speaker 1: gunman from the Sandy Hook Massacre. In 2012, he shot
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Speaker 1: his mother four times in the head before storming a
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Speaker 1: Connecticut elementary school where he gunned down six adults and
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Speaker 1: 20 innocent young children. Was it his first victim, his mother,
1:03
Speaker 1: who paved his path to murder?
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Speaker 3: She was the one person in his life who did
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Speaker 3: the most harm to him in not getting him the
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Speaker 3: help he needed.
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Speaker 4: He wanted to be number one, the number one mass shooter.
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Speaker 4: He wanted people to remember him.
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Speaker 1: Armed and merciless, spree killers become infamous by turning their
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Speaker 1: anger and resentment into deadly rampage. How could anyone open
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Speaker 1: fire on a group of 20 young schoolchildren? Ultimately, what
1:59
Speaker 1: caused Adam Lanza to commit one of the most senseless
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Speaker 1: massacres in American criminal history? On the 14th of December 2012,
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Speaker 1: Adam Lanza committed one of the world's most shocking spree
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Speaker 1: shootings ever. at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut.
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Speaker 3: Police have said that they thought the Sandy Hook shooting
2:23
Speaker 3: was a well-planned attack by Adam Lanza. He pulled up
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Speaker 3: to the school, dressed in his military gear, heavily armed.
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Speaker 3: He blasted his way into the school, and within minutes,
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Speaker 3: he was going through classrooms and gunning down children.
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Speaker 1: Within 11 minutes of entering the school, Lanza had taken
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Speaker 1: the lives of six teaching staff and 20 first graders.
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Speaker 5: He walked past the older children to the younger children.
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Speaker 6: Why?
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Speaker 1: Because they're totally defenseless. After discharging 152 bullets, Lanza took
3:02
Speaker 1: his own life. When police raided his home, they found
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Speaker 1: that he had killed his mother as she slept, shooting
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Speaker 1: her four times in the head.
3:15
Speaker 6: Adam Lanza was the Hurricane Sandy of terrible tragedy.
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Speaker 4: He was this isolated kid who no one really paid
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Speaker 4: much attention to until December 14th.
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Speaker 7: He had a dark obsession and he wanted to do
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Speaker 7: what he did, but he also wanted a way out.
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Speaker 7: He took 27 other innocent people with him, which, you know,
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Speaker 7: is absolutely unspeakable.
3:45
Speaker 1: What was the spark that ignited this terrible, fatal frenzy
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Speaker 1: on that morning of December 14th, 2012? And who's to
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Speaker 1: blame for the creation of Adam Lanza, one of America's
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Speaker 1: most shocking spree shooters? To find out, we have to
4:04
Speaker 1: look back to his early childhood. Adam was born in
4:08
Speaker 1: 1992 to father Peter and mother Nancy in New Hampshire.
4:14
Speaker 1: The Lanza household was a loving one, and Nancy's focus
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Speaker 1: was firmly set on her two sons, Ryan and Adam.
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Speaker 8: Those two kids were her first priority in life, and
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Speaker 8: she's absolutely one of the best moms I ever knew.
4:30
Speaker 1: But Nancy had a very particular approach to life.
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Speaker 8: Nancy was a perfectionist. Everything Nancy did, she did perfectly right.
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Speaker 8: Whenever she wrote me e-mails... Everything, the syntax, spelling was
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Speaker 8: always right on. If I screwed up and misspelled something,
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Speaker 8: she'd call me on it. So, don't you know how
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Speaker 8: to spell Mississippi? You know, so.
4:54
Speaker 1: But not all was perfect with Adam.
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Speaker 3: As early as three years old, Adam was diagnosed with
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Speaker 3: developmental issues. He wasn't communicating with his peers. He wasn't
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Speaker 3: communicating well with his family. One of the people he
5:09
Speaker 3: was having trouble communicating with was his mother. He didn't
5:12
Speaker 3: show her affection. He rarely smiled. He didn't give her kisses.
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Speaker 3: He didn't give her hugs. And that was troubling to Nancy.
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Speaker 1: As with all children at this age, Adam was professionally
5:24
Speaker 1: assessed to check on his progress.
5:27
Speaker 3: It was in this birth to three program that the
5:29
Speaker 3: flags were raised that there were issues involving his progress.
5:34
Speaker 3: And they assessed him. They found that he had anxiety.
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Speaker 6: Adam didn't seem to not meet motor milestones like walking
5:44
Speaker 6: and being toilet trained. But when language should have been
5:47
Speaker 6: put in place, expressive and receptive language, there were problems.
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Speaker 3: He had developed his own language. When he was being
5:56
Speaker 3: tested by clinicians early on, his mother was the one
6:00
Speaker 3: who was trying to interpret his language.
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Speaker 1: Adam was also exhibiting some physical symptoms that indicated he
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Speaker 1: may have some issues.
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Speaker 3: He was banging his head against the wall and against desks,
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Speaker 3: and he was showing signs of frustration.
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Speaker 1: But was this a sign of serious problems?
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Speaker 5: Head banging is not that uncommon. Temper tantrums is not
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Speaker 5: that uncommon. Having behavioral problems early on in preschool and
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Speaker 5: in elementary school is really not that uncommon.
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Speaker 1: Adam's symptoms did perhaps suggest that he had some early
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Speaker 1: developmental issues, but it wasn't until he was a little
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Speaker 1: bit older that they became more obvious and extreme.
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Speaker 6: By the time Adam lands his five, his deficits are
6:54
Speaker 6: becoming much more noticeable.
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Speaker 8: Adam didn't like to be touched. You know, you don't
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Speaker 8: shake his hand, you don't tussle his hair, you don't
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Speaker 8: pat his back and say, Atta boy.
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Speaker 6: His parents want answers. So they take him for an independent,
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Speaker 6: private neurological assessment. He was diagnosed with expressive problems, obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Speaker 1: But what effect did this diagnosis have on the young Adam?
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Speaker 6: Adam was being pulled out of his regular class. And
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Speaker 6: we all know that children who are put into special
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Speaker 6: ed are stigmatized.
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Speaker 2: So here is Adam.
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Speaker 6: He's got deficits in his competency. He's also socially withdrawn,
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Speaker 6: and now he's being socially isolated.
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Speaker 1: But there was one social activity that Adam seemed to enjoy.
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Speaker 1: He attended Cub Scouts with his mother, Nancy, and it
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Speaker 1: was here where he first came into contact with firearms.
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Speaker 1: We would go shooting.
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Speaker 8: At the Cub Scout weekend, kids learned how to shoot.
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Speaker 6: 22s.
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Speaker 8: It wasn't just the 7-year-olds shooting.
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Speaker 6: 22s.
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Speaker 8: Now the 3- or 4-year-olds were there too, and so
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Speaker 8: I had an air rifle for them. I didn't feel
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Speaker 8: comfortable putting a. 22 in a four-year-old's hand.
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Speaker 3: There are a lot of people that have opinions about
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Speaker 3: children having firearms, but in some of the rural areas,
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Speaker 3: it's sort of a way of life, and it's sort
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Speaker 3: of seen as sport.
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Speaker 8: In my family, shooting, target shooting was considered a normal thing.
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Speaker 8: I did that regularly with my kids.
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Speaker 1: For Adam, target practice with his mom, Nancy, would become
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Speaker 1: a favorite hobby.
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Speaker 8: Adam loved shooting with us. His mother was there. He
8:36
Speaker 8: felt safe, and it was fun. He was such a
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Speaker 8: little boy that he had a hard time holding the rifle.
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Speaker 8: But after a few tries, he got the hang of it,
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Speaker 8: and I thought, this kid's a natural.
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Speaker 1: Were Lanza's communication problems really a cause for concern? And
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Speaker 1: did his early introduction to firearms contribute to the terrible
8:59
Speaker 1: events that were to come? Liz, if we're looking at
9:08
Speaker 1: Adam Lanza as a young child, his early years, there's
9:11
Speaker 1: some concern about some behaviours.
9:14
Speaker 2: It's kind of.
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Speaker 9: Flagged up at this point that he's having issues communicating.
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Speaker 9: So his mum's having to kind of translate for him.
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Speaker 9: The evaluator can't really understand what he's saying, but that's
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Speaker 9: nothing unusual in itself. Lots of of children of that
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Speaker 9: age make up words and noises and that kind of thing.
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Speaker 1: No, I've had that with my own children, their own language,
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Speaker 1: and it's just kind of normal behaviour.
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Speaker 9: I think what stands out as significant for me is
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Speaker 9: the role of his mum in sort of constructing some
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Speaker 9: of these ideas about him. So she's the one that's
9:42
Speaker 9: speaking for him, she's his advocate, and I think that's
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Speaker 9: a pattern that she follows throughout his childhood.
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Speaker 1: She's complaining that he's repeatedly banging his head at home,
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Speaker 1: he doesn't touch, but in school the teachers report him
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Speaker 1: an observer to be friendly and bright, with good social
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Speaker 1: language ability and a good sense of humour. These seem
10:00
Speaker 1: like two different people, but this is one independently observed
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Speaker 1: by the teachers and the other reported by mother.
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Speaker 9: There's a real contrast there, isn't there? And I think
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Speaker 9: that becomes quite interesting.
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Speaker 2: In the years to come.
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Speaker 1: So he's introduced to firearms extraordinarily for anybody in this
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Speaker 1: side of the pond, you know, at the Cub Scouts.
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Speaker 1: But that's their normal. What troubles you about her fostering
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Speaker 1: such a strong interest in guns at this stage?
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Speaker 9: She's essentially sort of setting up an idea of what
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Speaker 9: it is to be a normal boy, to be a
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Speaker 9: normal man. That's very much come from Nancy's background of
10:32
Speaker 9: living in that state and growing up with those cultural
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Speaker 9: beliefs around firearms.
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Speaker 2: It's a young lad.
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Speaker 9: Who's engaging in an activity that lots of families in
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Speaker 9: that part of the US engage in, So there's no
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Speaker 9: real warning signs at the moment.
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Speaker 1: Coming up, Nancy Lanza tells friends and family that she's
10:49
Speaker 1: got a terminal illness and doesn't have long to live.
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Speaker 1: But this claim appears to be completely fabricated.
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Speaker 6: She was making up stories to help her get the
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Speaker 6: kind of emotional support she wanted.
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Speaker 1: On Friday morning, December 14th, 2012, Adam Lanza shot four
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Speaker 1: bullets into his mother's head as she lay in her bed.
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Speaker 1: By 9.30, he was at Sandy Hook Elementary School with
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Speaker 1: just one inexplicable goal on his mind, to kill as
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Speaker 1: many innocent and helpless adults and young schoolchildren as possible.
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Speaker 1: What drove this 20-year-old to commit one of America's most
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Speaker 1: heinous spree shootings? And was there anything in his childhood
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Speaker 1: that warned of the terrible events to follow? In 1998,
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Speaker 1: Adam's father, Peter, took a high-powered job meant the family
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Speaker 1: had to move to Newtown in Connecticut. Did dealing with
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Speaker 1: Adam's condition take a backseat as a result of the move?
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Speaker 5: The Lanza family were a middle class people. They were intelligent.
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Speaker 5: His father had a substantial job. You would think that
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Speaker 5: they would be aware of all of the resources.
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Speaker 3: The problem was that when he went from New Hampshire
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Speaker 3: to Connecticut, those records were never transferred over to Connecticut.
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Speaker 3: So when school officials were dealing with Adam in Connecticut,
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Speaker 3: they didn't really understand what he had gone through in
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Speaker 3: New Hampshire. So there was no way to tell whether
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Speaker 3: he was improving or getting worse.
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Speaker 1: By not actively pursuing treatment for Adam, was Nancy turning
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Speaker 1: a blind eye to her son's problems?
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Speaker 5: Many, many parents don't want to see their kids as
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Speaker 5: psychologically disturbed. They want to see it as just an
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Speaker 5: aberration or he has this problem or that problem. but
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Speaker 5: he's very bright and he'll outgrow it.
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Speaker 1: And so on. Was Nancy in denial of her son's
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Speaker 1: condition or was she simply distracted by other factors in
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Speaker 1: her life?
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Speaker 3: Peter Lonza in his new job was working many hours
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Speaker 3: and Nancy, who was no longer working, was home with
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Speaker 3: the children and it strained their relationship.
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Speaker 8: I maintained contact with her through e-mails. Peter was kind
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Speaker 8: of married to his job. He was kind of an alcoholic.
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Speaker 8: So she ended up being a single parent even when
13:11
Speaker 8: she was married, I think.
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Speaker 6: Nancy has her own emotional issues and anxieties, and Nancy
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Speaker 6: wants to hear more than anything on earth that her
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Speaker 6: son has outgrown these issues and that he's fine.
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Speaker 1: With her marriage on the rocks, Nancy was beginning to
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Speaker 1: exhibit behavior that suggests she had serious issues of her own.
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Speaker 3: Nancy Lonza had been telling friends that she had a
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Speaker 3: terminal illness. She was telling them that she only had
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Speaker 3: a certain amount of time to live.
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Speaker 6: Nancy was obviously feeling a lot of anxiety, but instead
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Speaker 6: of getting help for what were real issues or emotional
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Speaker 6: issues going on for her, she conceptualized it as MS.
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Speaker 6: She had an awful lot going on for her. People
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Speaker 6: like that have a tendency to externalize their problems by
14:04
Speaker 6: acting them out in physical symptoms.
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Speaker 1: The question was, were these claims of serious illness a
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Speaker 1: cry for help, or was Nancy just seeking sympathy and attention?
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Speaker 3: Investigators looked into that, and it was never determined that
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Speaker 3: Nancy Lonza actually did suffer from any sort of terminal illness.
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Speaker 6: She was making up stories to help her get the
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Speaker 6: kind of emotional support she wanted. I get a sense
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Speaker 6: that she was also very isolated, that there was a dyad.
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Speaker 6: It was Nancy and it was her son. And it
14:39
Speaker 6: seemed to get more and more enmeshed and more and
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Speaker 6: more encapsulated as the years went on.
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Speaker 9: Nancy has various email exchanges with her old friends in
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Speaker 9: New Hampshire, saying that Peter's working incredibly long hours, the
14:56
Speaker 9: job's very demanding, the burden of looking after the kids
14:59
Speaker 9: is very much falling on me.
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Speaker 1: She's presenting herself as a victim. Now, Peter is perhaps
15:05
Speaker 1: on a salary close to a million dollars a year.
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Speaker 1: This is not an underprivileged family. She can get all
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Speaker 1: the help she wants. But Adam's mood, when she gets unhappy,
15:14
Speaker 1: Adam gets unhappy.
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Speaker 9: At this point in time, when Peter's working long hours,
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Speaker 9: when the relationship appears to be breaking down, the relationship
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Speaker 9: between Adam and his mum becomes quite intense at this point.
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Speaker 9: Adam becomes incredibly dependent upon her.
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Speaker 1: What does this say about Nancy Lanza, that she keeps
15:30
Speaker 1: making these claims of a potentially phantom illness?
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Speaker 2: Well, when we look at.
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Speaker 9: People who are basically fabricating illnesses in themselves, we've got
15:40
Speaker 9: to think about what are they trying to achieve by
15:43
Speaker 9: doing this? Well, By telling somebody something like this, it's
15:46
Speaker 9: very powerful. You're placing yourself in the role of a
15:49
Speaker 9: victim and you're getting an awful lot of attention and
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Speaker 9: concern and sympathy towards your predicament or your supposed predicament.
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Speaker 9: I think Nancy's somebody who does have to very much
15:59
Speaker 9: be at the centre of other people's attention, other people's concerns.
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Speaker 1: She is quite a character, Nancy, here. She's manipulating people,
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Speaker 1: it seems, all around her.
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Speaker 2: She knows everything.
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Speaker 9: The right things to say to the right people at
16:13
Speaker 9: the right time.
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Speaker 2: But she's also very good.
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Speaker 9: At keeping people at bay and keeping people away. So
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Speaker 9: that's something that we continue to see as well.
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Speaker 1: By 2002, Nancy and Peter's marriage had struck a new
16:28
Speaker 1: low and the couple decided to separate.
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Speaker 8: I think things started to crumble after that. She started
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Speaker 8: to lose hold of what she wanted to do most, just.
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Speaker 1: Be a good mother.
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Speaker 3: In essence, Nancy was raising her two sons in that
16:43
Speaker 3: house alone. And that's a challenge for any parent. But
16:47
Speaker 3: then she had this child who had serious special needs.
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Speaker 8: She was very private. She kept those things to herself.
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Speaker 8: I think that was an issue with her because when
16:58
Speaker 8: the trouble started later, she didn't reach out to people
17:02
Speaker 8: because that would have been admitting that there was trouble
17:04
Speaker 8: that she couldn't handle.
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Speaker 1: As his parents' marriage disintegrated, Adam's problems, which had been
17:11
Speaker 1: largely ignored by Nancy, seemed to be getting worse.
17:16
Speaker 2: When he went into.
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Speaker 3: Middle school, he started to show signs of anxiety, depression.
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Speaker 3: He was obsessive-compulsive. He was washing his hands all the time.
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Speaker 5: He had to have his food presented in a certain way.
17:29
Speaker 5: He had a germ-phobic type behavior and he couldn't touch things.
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Speaker 1: Were Adam's emerging problems in any way related to his
17:37
Speaker 1: mother's issues?
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Speaker 8: Nancy told me once she felt guilty about some of
17:42
Speaker 8: Adam's problems, she admitted to me that she had a
17:45
Speaker 8: neurotic personality. And she said, I'm afraid that Adam inherited
17:49
Speaker 8: this from me. He's a little bit neurotic like me.
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Speaker 1: But Adam's difficulties were much more serious, and Nancy was
17:58
Speaker 1: finding it difficult to cope.
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Speaker 3: Nancy had to deal with those moments, those moments with
18:04
Speaker 3: her child, and when she's dealing with him in that
18:09
Speaker 3: moment of his anxiety. A person who might not be
18:12
Speaker 3: as strong might just look to appease that person, to
18:16
Speaker 3: just bring peace for that moment.
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Speaker 8: She was a perfectionist, and it wasn't allowable for her
18:22
Speaker 8: to have a problem that way. Perfect parents don't have
18:26
Speaker 8: problems with their kids.
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Speaker 1: But Adam did have problems, though Nancy was not prepared
18:33
Speaker 1: to address them.
18:35
Speaker 6: A child like Adam needs very clear and very strong limits.
18:42
Speaker 6: But he's not going to like them. What child, normal
18:45
Speaker 6: or otherwise, wants the law to be laid down to them?
18:48
Speaker 6: So she has a child who's difficult to manage. She
18:52
Speaker 6: finds out it's better to give in to him.
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Speaker 3: It's possible that Nancy didn't want to accept that Adam
18:59
Speaker 3: had a mental health disorder. If he did have something
19:02
Speaker 3: wrong mentally, perhaps it was she who was the driving
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Speaker 3: force behind that.
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Speaker 1: By now it's clear that Adam's mother's coping mechanisms were
19:12
Speaker 1: not only perpetuating her son's issues, but were also creating
19:15
Speaker 1: greater problems for Adam. In denial, Nancy was keen to
19:20
Speaker 1: blame others.
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Speaker 3: One example is an email she sent to the school.
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Speaker 3: At the end of one of the school years, she said,
19:28
Speaker 3: I'm hoping that next year Adam will be placed in
19:30
Speaker 3: a classroom with a more casual feel to it. He
19:34
Speaker 3: responds well to a nurturing environment, and I would like
19:37
Speaker 3: his emphasis to be on learning rather than coping. He
19:41
Speaker 3: focuses on his work, enjoys structure, and always adheres to
19:44
Speaker 3: the rules, but a certain level of strictness seems to
19:47
Speaker 3: bring an anxiety and depression.
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Speaker 5: She said he didn't like structure, he liked support, which
19:53
Speaker 5: basically means leave him alone, because if you try to
19:56
Speaker 5: instill some sort of structure or rules, he may get
19:58
Speaker 5: explosive or may have a temper tantrum, and this is
20:01
Speaker 5: one way to avoid that.
20:04
Speaker 1: Nancy's desire to control every aspect of Adam's life kept
20:08
Speaker 1: all professional help at bay.
20:11
Speaker 6: There was ample evidence from the school that there were
20:14
Speaker 6: problems with Adam, but every time they came up against
20:17
Speaker 6: the mother, they really hit a brick wall.
20:23
Speaker 1: How was Adam affected by his parents' separation? And how
20:27
Speaker 1: did Nancy Lanza's approach to her son's issues cultivate more
20:31
Speaker 1: problems at school? It appears at this stage, following the separation,
20:43
Speaker 1: that Nancy begins to concentrate more on Adam's problems.
20:48
Speaker 9: Yeah, she's going to the school and she's telling them
20:50
Speaker 9: about the particular needs that he has. She's starting to
20:53
Speaker 9: kind of give him a bit of a label at
20:55
Speaker 9: this point as a child who needs special attention, who
20:58
Speaker 9: needs kind of constant pandering to.
21:01
Speaker 1: You know, if mother was overly concentrating or enjoying this
21:04
Speaker 1: or magnifying this, to what extent would a kid like
21:07
Speaker 1: Adam follow his mother's narrative?
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Speaker 9: Well, I think Adam's somebody who is basically trying to
21:13
Speaker 9: please his mum at this point in time because there's
21:15
Speaker 9: been this upset in the family unit. She's the one
21:18
Speaker 9: kind of constant presence.
21:20
Speaker 1: So at the moment, the school have really no choice
21:23
Speaker 1: but to engage with the mother and she's a very
21:25
Speaker 1: persuasive character. And she says he doesn't like being touched,
21:28
Speaker 1: eye contact is difficult and he has, you know, strange
21:31
Speaker 1: diets and has kind of some behavioural issues. And the
21:34
Speaker 1: school can only take out a word.
21:35
Speaker 2: Well, this is the thing.
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Speaker 9: We often do just take mother's word for it when
21:39
Speaker 9: they report particular issues or.
21:41
Speaker 2: Needs within their children.
21:43
Speaker 9: And we've got to remember that Nancy Lanza is a white, middle-class,
21:46
Speaker 9: wealthy woman. And she's incredibly assertive and she's incredibly domineering.
21:50
Speaker 9: So coming up against somebody like that, even if you
21:53
Speaker 9: did have your doubts as to what she was telling you,
21:56
Speaker 9: it'd be very difficult to challenge her.
21:57
Speaker 1: Nancy's email contact with the school really tells an awful
22:01
Speaker 1: lot about her.
22:02
Speaker 2: It does.
22:02
Speaker 9: She says, well, Adam's done okay this year, but perhaps
22:06
Speaker 9: you should have done this for him. He likes things
22:08
Speaker 9: this way. He gets anxious if you don't do this,
22:11
Speaker 9: that and the other. So she's been quite domineering again.
22:15
Speaker 9: She's saying, these are the needs that my son has
22:18
Speaker 9: and you should be attending to them. But at the
22:21
Speaker 9: same time, she's not really doing much outside of.
22:24
Speaker 2: That, is she?
22:25
Speaker 1: Normal parents would be kind of seeking support in the community.
22:28
Speaker 1: She could afford extra private health support or.
22:32
Speaker 9: What's interesting for me at this point in time is
22:35
Speaker 9: what's missing from this picture. There's quite a lot of
22:38
Speaker 9: local support groups, but she really goes out of her
22:40
Speaker 9: way to avoid these groups.
22:42
Speaker 2: And I'm wondering why she's doing that. Is it denial?
22:45
Speaker 2: Is it ignorance? Or is it something else altogether?
22:50
Speaker 1: Coming up, 10-year-old Adam writes a storybook about a granny
22:53
Speaker 1: and her son who go on a killing spree.
22:57
Speaker 3: It was this first big revelation that Adam had. had
23:00
Speaker 3: these violent tendencies and had these violent thoughts.
23:04
Speaker 1: On the 14th of December 2012, Adam Lanza committed one
23:07
Speaker 1: of the world's most shocking spree shootings. Heavily armed and
23:11
Speaker 1: dressed in army fatigues, he shot his way into Sandy
23:14
Speaker 1: Hook Elementary School. By 9.40 a.m., he had murdered 20
23:18
Speaker 1: innocent young schoolchildren and seven adults, including his own mother.
23:23
Speaker 1: Could anything have been done to prevent this fatal rampage?
23:27
Speaker 1: And were there any red flags missed in the build-up
23:30
Speaker 1: to this terrible crime. By the time Adam was 10
23:36
Speaker 1: years of age, his schoolwork was already revealing a darker side.
23:43
Speaker 6: Adam, by the time he gets into junior high school,
23:46
Speaker 6: his thoughts and his fantasies are starting to take on
23:51
Speaker 6: a very violent, a very angry, a very paranoid flavor.
23:56
Speaker 1: And there was one particular piece of homework that should
23:59
Speaker 1: have set alarm bells ringing.
24:03
Speaker 3: The Big Book of Granny was about this homicidal elderly
24:07
Speaker 3: woman and her son, and they would go around and
24:11
Speaker 3: commit shootings.
24:12
Speaker 2: And in one case, the victims were young children.
24:17
Speaker 1: Towards the end of Adam's violent storybook, the character Granny
24:20
Speaker 1: is killed by her son.
24:23
Speaker 6: Granny is the nurturer who is being killed. by the
24:28
Speaker 6: person she's nurturing. That's like a chilling rehearsal for what
24:32
Speaker 6: he ultimately did in shooting his mother.
24:36
Speaker 3: It was this first big revelation that may have showed
24:39
Speaker 3: us our first signs that Adam had these violent tendencies
24:43
Speaker 3: and had these violent thoughts.
24:45
Speaker 1: But the shocking content of Adam's story was overlooked by
24:48
Speaker 1: his teachers and his mother.
24:51
Speaker 5: At age 10, if you write stories about killing people
24:54
Speaker 5: and shooting people and all the rest, it should not
24:57
Speaker 5: be rationalized or explained away as creative genius. A normal,
25:03
Speaker 5: well-functioning 10-year-old should not be obsessed with violence, killing, and guns.
25:08
Speaker 1: Should not be.
25:09
Speaker 5: And if they are, that's disturbed.
25:13
Speaker 6: Even in a normal child that is going through some stress,
25:17
Speaker 6: you have an opening to be able to ask that.
25:20
Speaker 2: Person, Why are you writing this?
25:22
Speaker 6: What's going on for you?
25:23
Speaker 2: What are you thinking?
25:25
Speaker 1: Could Adam's killing spree have been predicted and prevented if
25:28
Speaker 1: more attention had been paid to his violent stories?
25:33
Speaker 6: We can't look at just one thing to say that
25:37
Speaker 6: that's the ultimate red flag. But the book of Granny
25:42
Speaker 6: was a really, really chilling precursor of where Adam Lanza's
25:49
Speaker 6: mind and imagination was.
25:50
Speaker 1: Going One of Adam's interests that featured heavily in The
25:57
Speaker 1: Big Book of Granny was his clear obsession with firearms.
26:00
Speaker 1: He and his mother Nancy had shot together since he
26:03
Speaker 1: was a small boy, and the hobby had become an
26:06
Speaker 1: integral part of their relationship.
26:10
Speaker 3: Going to the shooting range was something that Nancy did
26:13
Speaker 3: with Adam as a way to bond with him. It
26:15
Speaker 3: was something that they could do where they could actually
26:19
Speaker 3: spend some time together that was positive.
26:22
Speaker 5: Perhaps the mother was so desperate to see some happiness
26:27
Speaker 5: in Lanza that she did anything just to connect with
26:31
Speaker 5: him at some level.
26:33
Speaker 6: The appealing thing about shooting a firearm, you're not having
26:38
Speaker 6: to interact with anybody. It's not like playing team sports
26:41
Speaker 6: where you have to consult with your team players. It's
26:45
Speaker 6: you and that gun and the target.
26:49
Speaker 1: But why did Nancy support Adam's unhealthy An obsessive infatuation
26:54
Speaker 1: with guns and shooting.
26:56
Speaker 6: Understanding where a parent is coming from when they have
26:59
Speaker 6: a disabled child.
27:01
Speaker 2: They're frustrated. They're fearful.
27:04
Speaker 6: She probably launched onto this herself as something that could
27:08
Speaker 6: give Adam a sense of competence. A sense of being effective.
27:14
Speaker 3: When you have a child who has these obsessive disorders,
27:18
Speaker 3: that's what I think that raised so many red flags,
27:21
Speaker 3: is that here's Adam Lanza, he has all of these issues,
27:24
Speaker 3: and he's also being exposed to guns.
27:27
Speaker 6: Nancy Lanza's enabling of her son's unhealthy interest in guns
27:34
Speaker 6: and violence was one of many fatal errors that Nancy
27:39
Speaker 6: Lanza was culpable of.
27:43
Speaker 1: Liz, it seems to me that there is one big
27:46
Speaker 1: red flag here, the book of Granny.
27:48
Speaker 9: There's death within these stories, there's violence within these stories,
27:52
Speaker 9: but it's not the kind of violence that you see
27:55
Speaker 9: kids this age writing about.
27:57
Speaker 1: For example, Dora says, I like hurting people, especially children.
28:03
Speaker 2: It's quite disturbing, isn't it?
28:05
Speaker 1: Granny falls out of the boat and Granny's son throws
28:07
Speaker 1: her a cement flotation device. which forces her to sink
28:12
Speaker 1: to the bottom of the lake.
28:15
Speaker 9: And when we look at stories that children are writing
28:18
Speaker 9: about this age, there is going to be violence in
28:21
Speaker 9: some of them.
28:21
Speaker 2: You know, it's inevitable.
28:23
Speaker 9: But often it's a kind of righteous violence. It's a
28:26
Speaker 9: story of good over evil. But this is something altogether different.
28:29
Speaker 9: And it's incredibly dark.
28:31
Speaker 1: This was actually binded. This is a parent had read
28:34
Speaker 1: this and had put this together and sent Adam into
28:37
Speaker 1: school with this book. So Nancy was fully aware of this.
28:40
Speaker 9: There's obviously been some adult involvement in putting the text together,
28:44
Speaker 9: in putting the cover on it.
28:46
Speaker 1: Is Granny Nancy in this world? Is this the beginning
28:49
Speaker 1: where we see this love-hate relationship between himself and his
28:52
Speaker 1: own mother?
28:52
Speaker 9: If we look at both of these situations, the book
28:56
Speaker 9: and the kind of things he's doing outside school, there
28:58
Speaker 9: is that link. So He's writing about guns. He's going
29:01
Speaker 9: to shooting ranges with his mother. And his mum has
29:04
Speaker 9: very much socialised him into that gun culture. Nancy is
29:08
Speaker 9: really very much at the centre of Adam's world at
29:11
Speaker 9: this point in time.
29:18
Speaker 1: In September 2005, Nancy took the 13-year-old Adam to the
29:23
Speaker 1: emergency room at Danbury Hospital in Connecticut in an attempt
29:27
Speaker 1: to have him signed off schools. She reported he was
29:32
Speaker 1: suffering increased levels of anxiety, an unusual complaint for Eeyore. Regardless,
29:39
Speaker 1: the medical staff present attended to Adam.
29:43
Speaker 6: The nurses and all the personnel on duty were noticing
29:46
Speaker 6: that there was something very, very wrong, very aberrant in
29:49
Speaker 6: this young man's behavior and perhaps in the dynamic with
29:52
Speaker 6: his mother. And this was definitely a situation that required
29:56
Speaker 6: more psychiatric assessment.
30:00
Speaker 3: The medical professionals decided that Adam needed some help. They
30:04
Speaker 3: felt that he needed to receive further counseling. They wanted
30:09
Speaker 3: him to go on some medication.
30:12
Speaker 1: But apparently, Nancy only wanted a sick note. She didn't
30:16
Speaker 1: want to accept that her son needed urgent psychological help.
30:21
Speaker 3: Nancy didn't even want to keep him at the hospital.
30:24
Speaker 3: At one point in the visit, she felt that the
30:26
Speaker 3: visit was making him more anxious. So instead of keeping
30:29
Speaker 3: him at the hospital, they actually left.
30:33
Speaker 1: Was this another missed opportunity to help her son? Reluctant
30:41
Speaker 1: to hand Adam over to the health care system, Nancy
30:43
Speaker 1: agreed to take him to a community psychiatrist.
30:49
Speaker 3: Nancy's belief that she could help Adam more than the
30:53
Speaker 3: clinicians was bolstered by one psychiatrist who she relied heavily on,
30:58
Speaker 3: for Adam's treatment. But the question has always been, was
31:01
Speaker 3: that psychiatrist placating Nancy and telling Nancy what she wanted
31:06
Speaker 3: to hear about Adam?
31:11
Speaker 1: But Adam's father, Peter, was not satisfied with the opinion
31:14
Speaker 1: of the community psychiatrist. He sent Adam to be diagnosed
31:19
Speaker 1: by leading professionals at Yale University's Child Study Center.
31:26
Speaker 6: He was assessed at Yale, and they really hit the target.
31:31
Speaker 6: And they raised a lot of red flags, and they
31:34
Speaker 6: came in with a recommendation for a very comprehensive treatment program.
31:40
Speaker 3: That visit was a pivotal moment in Adam's life where
31:44
Speaker 3: this is going to be it. This is the moment
31:46
Speaker 3: where he's going to get the help he needs.
31:48
Speaker 2: He's got an.
31:48
Speaker 3: Audience of doctors here that see this child as someone
31:52
Speaker 3: who really needs help.
31:54
Speaker 1: But tragically, Nancy refused to follow doctor's orders.
31:59
Speaker 3: She was so busy trying to make him happy that
32:02
Speaker 3: she couldn't listen clearly to the people that really could
32:05
Speaker 3: get him to be happy.
32:08
Speaker 6: That is some of the saddest part of the story
32:10
Speaker 6: because I firmly believe that there would be a good
32:14
Speaker 6: chance that we would not be talking about Adam Lanza
32:17
Speaker 6: and his tragedy now if that comprehensive treatment plan had
32:21
Speaker 6: been followed.
32:23
Speaker 1: By the time Adam was 14, Nancy had put a
32:26
Speaker 1: stop to all prescribed medical treatment and therapies. Not only that,
32:31
Speaker 1: she also took the decision to isolate Adam from the
32:34
Speaker 1: education system.
32:35
Speaker 3: So by eighth grade, she had withdrawn him from school
32:39
Speaker 3: and he became homeschooled.
32:42
Speaker 7: She felt he would be calmer and in a better
32:45
Speaker 7: environment at home where he could feel more in control
32:48
Speaker 7: and maybe she could, you know, control the environment as well.
32:53
Speaker 3: Back at home, isolated from the people he should be with.
32:56
Speaker 2: As a teen.
32:57
Speaker 3: He's just in the world that involves Nancy and Adam.
33:02
Speaker 6: Nancy Lanza, she was an intelligent woman. She'd been dealing
33:06
Speaker 6: with his behavior all his life. I believe deep down,
33:11
Speaker 6: she had an absolute terror that something was drastically wrong,
33:16
Speaker 6: but she couldn't face it.
33:21
Speaker 1: With Nancy's refusal to pursue therapy or medical treatment for Adam,
33:25
Speaker 1: was he now completely isolated? What's the significance of this
33:36
Speaker 1: visit to ER? I mean, she had problems with Adam,
33:39
Speaker 1: but why take him to ER?
33:40
Speaker 9: She says he's been suffering with anxiety. He's been washing
33:43
Speaker 9: his hands a lot. Look at him, he's hyperventilating. And
33:47
Speaker 9: the doctors take her incredibly seriously. And I don't think
33:50
Speaker 9: she'd anticipated, actually, that the help that would be offered
33:54
Speaker 9: up at that particular point in time. They offered to
33:57
Speaker 9: put all of these things in place for her.
33:59
Speaker 2: And she turns around to them and says, no, it's OK.
34:02
Speaker 2: All I need you to do is to just sign
34:04
Speaker 2: him off school.
34:05
Speaker 1: She doesn't want the specialist help. She's renouncing it. And
34:08
Speaker 1: this is a pattern we've seen with Nancy is when
34:10
Speaker 1: she's given opportunity to get experts in, she kind of
34:12
Speaker 1: renounces them or only takes them in. when she can
34:15
Speaker 1: manage the situation.
34:16
Speaker 9: Yeah, I think this has got a little bit out
34:18
Speaker 9: of control for Nancy Lanza at this point in time.
34:21
Speaker 9: She's been offered an awful lot of help, which could
34:23
Speaker 9: be incredibly intrusive. And she's saying, it's OK, I don't
34:26
Speaker 9: want it, all I need is a note.
34:28
Speaker 1: If she had taken that intervention, then it may have
34:31
Speaker 1: gone down an entirely different path.
34:33
Speaker 9: It may well have done, but I don't think she
34:35
Speaker 9: wanted to invite that level of scrutiny into Adam's life
34:38
Speaker 9: at that point in time.
34:39
Speaker 1: It's quite significant with Nancy that she goes to get
34:42
Speaker 1: the answers that she wants to get.
34:44
Speaker 9: She does find a community psychiatrist who does agree to
34:48
Speaker 9: sign Adam off school for the rest of that academic year.
34:50
Speaker 9: She's now removed him from school and that's what she
34:53
Speaker 9: wanted to happen here.
34:54
Speaker 1: The greatest significance is that age 14, this is the
34:58
Speaker 1: end of all significant therapy. medication and intervention for Adam Lanza.
35:03
Speaker 9: Yeah, this is the end of the road, isn't it?
35:05
Speaker 9: I think any kind of options for further medical treatment
35:08
Speaker 9: have been firmly closed off by his mum.
35:13
Speaker 1: Coming up, Adam cuts off all contact from those around him,
35:16
Speaker 1: including his own mother, and the virtual world he inhabits
35:20
Speaker 1: becomes increasingly sinister.
35:23
Speaker 4: He wanted to be number one, the number one mass shooter.
35:26
Speaker 4: He wanted people to remember him.
35:28
Speaker 1: On the 14th of December, 2012, Adam Lanza murdered his
35:31
Speaker 1: mother and 26 other people, including 20 young children at
35:36
Speaker 1: the Sandy Hook Elementary School. What drove this socially inept
35:40
Speaker 1: 20-year-old to commit one of America's most shocking school massacres?
35:44
Speaker 1: And is there anything his mother could have done to
35:47
Speaker 1: stop him in his murderous tracks? Now in his mid-teens,
35:53
Speaker 1: Adam was being homeschooled by his mother, Nancy. But had
35:57
Speaker 1: she made the right choice in isolating him from his
36:00
Speaker 1: peers and the outside world?
36:03
Speaker 6: Nancy Lanza believed that she could protect her son. I
36:08
Speaker 6: think she saw him as this sweet, fragile genius that
36:13
Speaker 6: needed to be saved from the outside world.
36:17
Speaker 7: She typically did not have a lot of visitors, probably
36:20
Speaker 7: because of Adam. He liked to keep to himself, and
36:24
Speaker 7: I think With that, she tried to accommodate that aspect
36:28
Speaker 7: of him and didn't have too many people.
36:31
Speaker 1: In the home.
36:33
Speaker 6: Mental illness is the last frontier of medical science. It's
36:38
Speaker 6: the last frontier of prejudice and stigma.
36:43
Speaker 1: By now, Adam's family was completely fractured.
36:47
Speaker 4: Didn't talk to his father, hadn't talked to his father
36:49
Speaker 4: for a couple of years. His father was pretty much
36:52
Speaker 4: out of the picture other than financially He didn't talk
36:54
Speaker 4: to his brother. Ryan had moved on. He was working
36:58
Speaker 4: in New York. Really came home.
37:01
Speaker 1: Nancy had completely isolated her son.
37:04
Speaker 6: There was now no hope that Adam was going to
37:09
Speaker 6: remain attached to people. She was really putting Adam in
37:14
Speaker 6: this seclusion, in this bubble where his crazy world became.
37:20
Speaker 4: The only world.
37:24
Speaker 1: Completely blocked off from the outside world, Adam is now
37:27
Speaker 1: spending all of his time in his bedroom playing violent
37:30
Speaker 1: video games behind blacked out windows. Despite living in the
37:34
Speaker 1: same house, he and his mother are now only communicating
37:37
Speaker 1: by email.
37:40
Speaker 3: He was involved in these violent games and that's all
37:42
Speaker 3: he saw. He saw these games that led to the
37:46
Speaker 3: highest number of shots and the biggest number of kills
37:49
Speaker 3: and how he could become sort of the master of
37:51
Speaker 3: the killed.
37:52
Speaker 1: He took his interest in killing very seriously and spent
37:56
Speaker 1: a great deal of time researching mass murderers and spree
37:59
Speaker 1: shooters online.
38:01
Speaker 3: Editing mass killer entries on Wikipedia, he would take great
38:06
Speaker 3: pains to describe the firearms that these killers used.
38:10
Speaker 4: How many they killed and when their shootings were and
38:12
Speaker 4: what kind of guns they used.
38:14
Speaker 3: If some of the entries didn't depict the actual weapon
38:19
Speaker 3: as it was in accuracy or if it didn't have
38:21
Speaker 3: the correct ammunition tied to the weapon, he edited those
38:25
Speaker 3: entries and he wanted it to be absolutely accurate.
38:31
Speaker 6: Adam Lanza's isolated more and more from the normal general community,
38:36
Speaker 6: but he's now found another community. He's found a community
38:41
Speaker 6: of like-minded spree killer enthusiasts. So now he can tell himself,
38:47
Speaker 6: I'm normal. This is what all these people believe in.
38:52
Speaker 1: But this was far from normal.
38:55
Speaker 6: It's placing him square in the middle of a really
38:58
Speaker 6: horrible and dangerous reality, which is becoming more real to
39:02
Speaker 6: him than what's outside.
39:05
Speaker 3: Adam was isolated in his room, door locked, windows blocked
39:11
Speaker 3: with black plastic bags.
39:15
Speaker 6: Nancy Lanz's denial, in my opinion, has tipped over to
39:20
Speaker 6: the point of being Abuse.
39:23
Speaker 2: Abuse of her son.
39:24
Speaker 6: If you love your child, I could see you having
39:27
Speaker 6: difficulty accepting his disabilities. But on the other hand, how
39:32
Speaker 6: do you allow him to live in this self-imposed dungeon?
39:37
Speaker 1: Perhaps Nancy had become frightened of Adam's mental state. His
39:43
Speaker 1: online posts did indicate he was experiencing dark, disturbing thoughts.
39:48
Speaker 3: In referencing mass shootings at one point, he did say,
39:51
Speaker 3: I don't question why there are mass shootings. I question
39:56
Speaker 3: why there aren't more mass shootings.
40:00
Speaker 6: In Adam Lanz's really tortured and twisted mind at that point,
40:05
Speaker 6: the more he thought about it, the more he obsessed
40:07
Speaker 6: about it, the more he was going to have to
40:10
Speaker 6: do it.
40:13
Speaker 1: Now completely lost in a world of isolation that his
40:17
Speaker 1: mother helped create, Adam was on the edge. Suddenly, Nancy
40:23
Speaker 1: announced she intended to move with Adam to Seattle.
40:29
Speaker 7: She thought it would be a good move for Adam,
40:33
Speaker 7: perhaps even for herself, to get something new, a fresh start.
40:38
Speaker 6: Adam Lanza could not do change. Mentally disturbed, autism spectrum
40:43
Speaker 6: people cannot do change.
40:44
Speaker 2: They can't adapt.
40:46
Speaker 6: She didn't discuss this with Adam. He had a cocoon
40:50
Speaker 6: around him, his own little world. And now she was
40:54
Speaker 6: saying to him, adapt, move. That would be a lot
40:59
Speaker 6: for any young person. Adam saw this as cataclysmic. This
41:03
Speaker 6: was something he could not deal with.
41:12
Speaker 1: On the morning of the 14th of December, 2012, 20-year-old
41:17
Speaker 1: Adam Lanza finally reached breaking point.
41:22
Speaker 3: He fatally shot his mother while she was in her bedroom.
41:27
Speaker 3: Then he got in the car and he drove to
41:30
Speaker 3: Sandy Hook Elementary School wearing military gear, earplugs, and heavily armed.
41:36
Speaker 4: The school had a doorway that had to be buzzed in,
41:40
Speaker 4: and so he just shot out the window right next
41:43
Speaker 4: to it and walked in that way.
41:46
Speaker 1: The first person he encountered was the school principal.
41:50
Speaker 3: He gunned her down as well as others and proceeded
41:54
Speaker 3: to go through the classrooms.
41:57
Speaker 4: He systematically went into the classrooms that he could get
41:59
Speaker 4: into and just fired as many shots as he could.
42:03
Speaker 5: He wanted to kill as many people as he possibly could,
42:07
Speaker 5: as many children as he possibly could.
42:09
Speaker 1: He shot 152 bullets and then he killed himself.
42:12
Speaker 4: 911, state police, can I help you?
42:18
Speaker 8: There's a shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut.
42:21
Speaker 4: What school, ma'am?
42:23
Speaker 3: Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown.
42:25
Speaker 4: Turbate all eight cars.
42:28
Speaker 2: Turbate all eight cars.
42:29
Speaker 6: Be advised, Newtown has an active shooter.
42:32
Speaker 4: We knew fairly quickly that something bad had happened.
42:38
Speaker 1: With police units now on the scene at Sandy Hook,
42:41
Speaker 1: the magnitude of what had just occurred began to sink in.
42:45
Speaker 4: One of our reporters, his daughter was a teacher who
42:48
Speaker 4: was killed. Substitute teacher who was killed.
42:56
Speaker 1: Police quickly sent units to the Lanza family home.
43:00
Speaker 4: The doors were locked. No one answered. They actually sent
43:03
Speaker 4: a robot into the house in case it was wired
43:06
Speaker 4: for explosives. And that's when they discovered that Nancy was
43:10
Speaker 4: dead in her bed. She had been shot with a.
43:13
Speaker 4: 22 rifle that they found on the ground near her bed.
43:19
Speaker 1: What caused Adam Lanza to commit such an unspeakable crime?
43:24
Speaker 1: And how much blame can we attribute to his mother, Nancy?
43:35
Speaker 9: I think Nancy Lanza played an absolutely central role in
43:38
Speaker 9: creating the monster that Adam Lanza would.
43:41
Speaker 2: Come to be.
43:42
Speaker 9: I think she erected this barrier around him from a
43:45
Speaker 9: very young age.
43:45
Speaker 2: So even when there.
43:46
Speaker 9: Was the opportunity for other people to intervene and to
43:49
Speaker 9: make things better, they.
43:50
Speaker 2: Weren't allowed in.
43:52
Speaker 1: Nancy's proposing to move, which was kind of a sense
43:55
Speaker 1: of destabilising Adam's life. At the same time, she seems
43:58
Speaker 1: to be retreating from Adam's world, from the monstrous creation
44:03
Speaker 1: that she has moulded.
44:05
Speaker 9: She's gone from being very much attached to Adam and
44:09
Speaker 9: enmeshed with Adam to wanting to really remove herself from
44:12
Speaker 9: that situation. So I think she's getting tired of playing
44:15
Speaker 9: that role as a mother manager, as the person who
44:19
Speaker 9: is looking after this very troubled teenager. She doesn't want
44:22
Speaker 9: to be that person anymore. So she starts looking for
44:26
Speaker 9: an exit plan.
44:27
Speaker 1: On that day, he decides to go and commit murder. Mm-hmm.
44:33
Speaker 9: And the fact that his mother is his first victim,
44:36
Speaker 9: I think, is incredibly significant.
44:38
Speaker 1: I wonder, now, why wasn't killing his mother sufficient?
44:42
Speaker 9: I think what's happened here is, in killing his mother,
44:45
Speaker 9: you know, Adam has kind of entered this different reality.
44:49
Speaker 9: This is somebody for whom the line between fantasy and
44:51
Speaker 9: reality is becoming increasingly blurred. And I think when Adam
44:55
Speaker 9: is looking for control, he retreats into that fantasy world.
44:59
Speaker 9: Some of the reports of his behaviour during the shooting
45:02
Speaker 9: spree say that he was behaving in a way.
45:04
Speaker 2: Similar to a shooter in a violent video game.
45:07
Speaker 9: He was reloading his weapon when he didn't need to
45:09
Speaker 9: reload it because there were bullets already in there. He
45:11
Speaker 9: was quite mechanical and quite controlled. So I think in
45:15
Speaker 9: going and perpetrating this shooting spree, he is kind of
45:18
Speaker 9: immersing himself in fantasy, but unfortunately that fantasy is all
45:22
Speaker 9: too real.
45:23
Speaker 1: Liz, to what extent do you blame Nancy Lanza for
45:26
Speaker 1: her son's crimes?
45:27
Speaker 9: Well, I think we can put a lot of responsibility
45:30
Speaker 9: in her hands because I think she constructed the environment
45:33
Speaker 9: in which Adam Lanza, the spree killer, emerged.
45:39
Speaker 1: The Sandy Hook massacre is a tragedy that will be
45:42
Speaker 1: mourned forever. The horror of 20 young schoolchildren being gunned
45:46
Speaker 1: down in cold blood will never be forgotten. They had
45:52
Speaker 1: their entire lives ahead of them. Birthdays, graduations. weddings.
46:01
Speaker 6: Every juncture, something was missed. If the school had referred,
46:05
Speaker 6: if the community psychiatrist had seen this, if the father
46:09
Speaker 6: had become more involved, if, if, if.
46:32
Speaker 7: Thank you.