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AI and Water Usage: Do we really need to be worried about it? · How To Protect The Ocean

• 0:00
  AI is revolutionizing everything from climate modeling to social media, but
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  it's still creating a problem, a new kind of environmental footprint, let's
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  say, that we rarely talk about, and we're gonna talk about it today about water use.
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  What if data centers powering AI are quietly reshaping the way water
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  moves through our world and maybe even affecting the ocean life itself?
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  We're gonna talk about that on today's episode of the How
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  to Protect the Ocean Podcast.
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  Let's start the show.
• 0:32
  Hey everybody.
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  Welcome back to another exciting episode of the How to Protect the Ocean Podcast.
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  I'm your host, Andrew Lewin.
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  This is the podcast where you find out what's happening with the ocean, how
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  you can speak up for the ocean, and what you can do to live for a better ocean.
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  By taking action.
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  And on today's episode, we are going to be talking about AI.
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  Now, I have to admit, I am a big user of artificial intelligence.
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  I have an account with ChatGPT the $20 account a month, and
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  I use it to work this podcast.
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  I do this podcast by myself.
• 1:02
  I publish three episodes a week.
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  I work a full-time job.
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  I have kids, I have a family, you know, that I will like to spend time
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  with and I like to enjoy my evenings.
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  So instead of spending an hour and a half or two hours to like do the
• 1:14
  show notes myself and write it out and go through all the process and
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  you know, mark everything, I use AI.
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  I use AI to come up with the basic things based on my transcript, which
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  is using AI to get a transcript out.
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  And then I publish it.
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  I put it up, you know, on YouTube, on the podcast apps everywhere.
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  and it helps me.
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  It saves me at least two hours.
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  When I do interviews.
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  I use AI to edit the interviews, and that helps me just kind
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  of like go through a process.
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  It takes me two minutes to edit an interview instead of, you
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  know, it takes me two hours.
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  So it saves me a ton of time.
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  I do really appreciate it.
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  It allows me to create more content through video and audio like I do on my
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  podcast, which I really, really enjoy.
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  The other stuff in writing is not my forte.
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  It's not something that I thoroughly enjoy doing all the time, although
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  I like to get my message across.
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  I'm starting to enjoy writing a little bit more as I start
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  to journal each and every day.
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  There's times where I use AI to really help me get through
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  the process, and it helps.
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  However, with that said, I have recently realized the impact that AI has on water
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  usage and why are we talking water usage?
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  Well, this is how to protect the ocean.
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  We're talking about fresh water.
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  We're gonna be talking about oceans as well.
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  And the effect of AI to give you a broad understanding of the effect of AI on
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  water usage and really to set the stage is, let's be honest, since Open AI came
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  out with chat GPT, and even before that,
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  it's kind of scaled to a point where I don't think any of us really predicted.
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  Maybe a few of us really predicted, but I did not predict how big it was gonna
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  be part of our lives and how quickly it was gonna be part of a live, almost
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  to the point where it's getting creepy.
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  We're getting people who are building
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  robots that become girlfriends or partners to humans.
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  So like robots that are partners with humans, we're seeing that
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  happen in front of our eyes.
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  It's kind of weird.
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  It's kind of creepy, but we're seeing it.
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  It's gotten to the level where people are using it to write their emails.
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  People are using it, you know, as a search engine.
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  People use it.
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  Like for me, I get my research from it, not just like, Hey, ChatGPT,
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  give me your opinion on this.
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  say, pull all of the resources you can together to get me the research
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  that I need, including journal articles and stuff like that.
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  And it's great at doing that.
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  Now, when I was researching this episode and doing AI and water usage, I was a
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  little concerned that chat GPT wouldn't give me the resources that would really
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  like talk about the information that I need in terms of how much water is being
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  used per year and all this kind of stuff.
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  I actually use Google and other search engines.
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  And other places and looked at reports to get some of my information.
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  and it was pretty much the same.
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  So it was pretty good that way.
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  I was pretty happy, but it's definitely weird using AI so much in our lives.
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  It's happened so quickly especially in my life, I use it quite a bit.
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  I talk to it when I go through my strategies of what I want to do next.
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  By the way, on YouTube, I've got my first level of monetization.
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  So I can do memberships, I can do merchandise, which is coming.
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  I'm gonna include that on my Patreon as well for people who don't watch
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  this on YouTube and listen, but the idea is like really this.
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  AI is a productivity tool.
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  It helps you with productivity to become more productive in less time,
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  which really helps a lot of us.
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  But the thing is, is with this boom and this huge scalability of ai, we
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  are seeing data centers being built all around the world, and these data
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  centers are able to handle all the inquiries that chat, GPT and Microsoft.
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  So there's all these different types.
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  Copilot is for Microsoft that we're allowed to use at work.
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  And there's all these other different ones.
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  There's Gemini with Google.
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  They all have it.
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  And every time you make an inquiry, it uses water and you're
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  like, Andrew, how does that work?
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  I mean, robots aren't thirsty.
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  Computers aren't thirsty.
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  They're thirsty in a way though.
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  They're thirsty in a way.
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  and I'm gonna explain it to you.
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  And there's two ways that data centers that are being built to handle the amount
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  of inquiries that are coming through.
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  Like we're looking at billions and billions and billions
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  that are coming through.
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  What happens is computers will take those inquiries and they will generate
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  an answer and they've gotta do all the research and all the backend stuff.
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  And they've had these servers that are all situated within these data centers.
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  Right?
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  And these data centers look like massive warehouses in certain situations,
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  and sometimes smaller, depending on where they are, let's just picture
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  them like a big warehouse, like almost like an Amazon warehouse.
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  And you have all these like servers in there and they're doing all
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  these every time an inquiry is made.
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  what's the weather gonna be like?
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  Or, you know, help me write these show notes.
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  Or, how many species of bees are there?
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  Like, all these different questions, like, help me do this, help me do that.
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  It generates heat every time the computer is processing, right?
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  Because like you've seen laptops and you've seen computers, and you've seen
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  TVs every time you use it for a long time.
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  If you feel the fan or the back, there's fans in there to cool that thing down.
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  And so a lot of the times when these data centers and the computers are
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  working, they need to be cooled down because they're heating up like crazy.
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  If they heat up too much, they'll just shut down.
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  So they need to be cooled.
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  They use water to cool that, hence the water usage.
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  So a lot of the times right now, from what I know, and this is very rare,
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  where you see where they have recycled water, but they're actually using a lot
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  of potable water, like drinking water.
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  like drinking water sources to take the water from lakes and rivers and
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  wherever they can and bring it through their computer system to cool down the
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  data center, right, to cool down the servers that are working constantly
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  and constantly and constantly.
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  So now you have that part of it where they're being cooled and all these
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  pipes are running through with cooled water and it cools everything around it.
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  Then you have, how do these data centers operate?
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  They need electricity.
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  To get electricity, they need to like heat water, and they need to like get water in.
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  So a lot of times they're being consumed by the heating
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  of water to get that energy.
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  So like hydropower and all that kind of stuff, that's what comes through.
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  So they're using that type of water to power the electricity.
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  They're also using fossil fuels.
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  Everything like that, which we'll talk about in a minute.
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  But essentially that's what's happening.
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  So you have direct cooling and you have indirect cooling through electricity
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  generation for that type of water use.
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  So that's essentially what's happening.
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  Now, here's the big problem, is they have to find places to build these things
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  across the world, not just in North America, but across the world, right?
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  So where they go, where do you think they're gonna put these big data centers?
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  Are you gonna think they're gonna put a downtown Toronto
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  or downtown New York City?
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  No, they may put one or two, but they're gonna go where the land is cheap.
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  They're gonna go where the land is cheap and where the land is
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  cheap usually is not the best area.
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  There's not a lot of water already.
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  Could be in poorer neighborhoods or poorer areas like where the people are
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  poor, they don't have a lot of resources.
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  They're putting it in areas where there's already water problems anyway.
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  Putting in places like Arizona, Uruguay, places in Africa, all over the place.
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  Like Arizona, all those different places where there's cheap land.
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  But also scarcity in water where people are already having to be
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  careful of how much water they use.
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  So I think that is the major problem that we're seeing.
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  The amount of data centers that are being built in these areas
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  that are already have water use problems, they're using more water.
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  They need water for them, it's diverting water from other people.
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  They're like people to actually like drinking water.
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  And there's a huge problem there.
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  So you have dry areas like Arizona, Spain, even Alberta, Canada, some
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  places in Ontario, excessive groundwater pumping can cause salt
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  water intrusion near the coast.
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  So if you take the groundwater away, which pushes the salt water away
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  from the coast along the coastline, salt water will come through into
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  the groundwater where a lot of people get their drinking water from, right?
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  So like coastal aquifers are, have problems.
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  When sea water seeps inland contaminating the fresh water that can
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  be bad for people's drinking water.
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  So along those areas are bad.
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  Some facilities in arid regions use desalinization, so like in
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  the Middle East and so forth which creates brine discharges.
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  So really high salt water.
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  So desalinization plants, they take in salt water.
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  They take out the salt, and they bring in fresh water, but then they
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  gotta get rid of the salt somewhere.
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  So they gotta put it back into the ocean, which causes really
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  high salinity in certain areas.
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  So they'll have local areas that are affected on marine ecosystems near shore.
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  There's a climate connection here.
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  When you use different electrical sources.
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  Right now a lot of the electrical sources are being used are coal, oil, and gas,
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  which are fossil fuels, causing more CO2 to be in the atmosphere, warming oceans,
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  causing acidification, and then stressing out corals, which you talked about a
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  couple of episodes ago, where we're already past some of the tipping points.
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  All the demand for energy and water is affecting the energy and water
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  and the balance that is nature.
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  And because of the amount of use and the scalability of this, how
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  much of a boom this has been, we are going to start to see impacts.
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  The problem is nobody is measuring it.
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  The reason why I'm talking about this in the first place is because I saw
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  CBC, like the national news here in Canada talk about water usage and AI.
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  I'm looking at a video.
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  I watched this before, the BBC World Service Channel on YouTube.
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  They talked about how thirsty AI is.
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  I'm seeing a lot of different channels.
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  I'm seeing a lot of different people on social media talk about water issues,
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  which hasn't really been discussed in a large way because, you know, one, the
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  big tech companies that are creating these AI tools that are helping us
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  with productivity and helping companies and so forth, they don't wanna
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  talk about it because it's an issue.
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  And we've seen this before in environmental fields where something
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  goes big and it booms and then it grows so fast that people don't
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  wanna talk about the bad stuff.
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  Like when crypto came out, the amount of energy that these data centers for
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  crypto to mine, the, cryptocurrency used up was really bad for the environment,
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  actually caused more climate change.
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  Like it caused more CO2 and more greenhouse gases
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  to go into the atmosphere.
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  Right.
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  Now.
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  Does it mean we can adapt to it?
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  No, absolutely not.
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  AI is not going anywhere.
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  We are going to continue to use it in the future.
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  If not, we are going to use it even more than we do now.
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  We are just seeing the beginning of AI, and so there are certain things
• 10:53
  that we need to do and get done before all this gets too out of hand.
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  The first thing is we need to measure water.
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  We need to measure how much water usage is happening at every single plant.
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  That means regulations need to go into place.
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  That's what's Gonna happen.
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  We need to start using recycled and non-potable water.
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  So non-drinking water for cooling.
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  So Google and Microsoft are testing this, which is really great.
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  We need to see liquid immersion or closed loop cooling.
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  that cuts evaporation losses, because that's what happens too, when you bring
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  water into these very high heated areas like these data centers, you're gonna
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  get water evaporation so that water can't be returned to its original source.
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  There's also geographical scheduling, so like where the
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  location is is going to matter.
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  And some of these AI companies, some of these big tech companies may have to pay
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  more for the land that they do because there'll be more water available, right?
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  So like the location really counts.
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  Location, location, location, it absolutely counts in this situation.
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  Stop going to where the land is the cheapest because that's where the
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  conflicts are really gonna happen.
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  'cause people are already suffering.
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  That's why the land is cheap.
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  ' cause there's probably not enough water.
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  There's other problems that are at hand.
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  Could be a poor area where people are struggling and we don't want to
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  have these data centers causing these people to struggle even more just by
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  getting clean water into their houses.
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  Right.
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  I think that's what it matters.
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  That's another thing.
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  Renewable energy, obviously integration to reduce indirect effects on
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  water footprints is really helpful.
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  Wind, solar, tidal, all these different types of renewable energy will help
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  cut down any green house gas emissions.
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  We're starting to level up and scale up on the amount of wind power,
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  solar power, tidal power, renewable energy sources, which is great.
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  Of course they come with some of their own issues in terms of get buy-in from
• 12:32
  certain governments and so forth to really scale up and really help up.
• 12:36
  But we're starting to see increase in that as well for most governments.
• 12:39
  The big thing too is policy and accountability.
• 12:42
  So mandating public reporting of water usage effectiveness, which
• 12:45
  is WUE, integrating water stress maps into site approval processes.
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  So making sure that when they put in where they wanna put the data centers, make sure
• 12:54
  there's enough water for everybody to use.
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  That's a huge thing.
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  Incentivizing any type of zero water or dry cooling innovations, they're coming.
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  Those things are really happening.
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  I'm gonna link to a video here the BBC World News.
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  They actually talked about at the end of their video.
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  And it's very, very new and still in research, but talking about putting
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  some of the backup data centers in space because it's gonna be cool up
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  there and they can put it in space.
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  We're already putting so many satellites in there.
• 13:17
  Whether that's good or not for the space, I don't know, but at least it takes some
• 13:20
  of the pressure off the ocean and off of different water sources around here.
• 13:24
  Let's be honest.
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  Especially with fresh water, we are running out.
• 13:29
  It's not a dire need at this point, but later on in life, 50, 60, a hundred
• 13:34
  years down the road, there is gonna be a problem with fresh water, especially
• 13:37
  as water levels are going down.
• 13:39
  Evaporation is increasing due to climate change.
• 13:42
  We don't talk about how there could be a lack of fresh water in the
• 13:46
  future, but that's definitely a thing that we have to worry about.
• 13:48
  So ensuring that we can not only cool the planet to stop that from happening, but
• 13:53
  also making sure that these data centers don't cause extra stress on fresh water
• 13:57
  resources is going to be really important.
• 13:59
  Now, you know, there's obviously connection to the ocean.
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  Climate and hydro logic impacts ripple everywhere around the ocean.
• 14:07
  So having these data centers more inland, even if they're inland,
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  they can still affect the ocean.
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  Climate change is a huge thing about that.
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  So indirectly.
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  Water withdrawals can change river flows that feed estuaries, which
• 14:19
  can be a huge problem as we start to
• 14:21
  increase the amount of data centers that's in there or that are being built,
• 14:24
  energy related emissions accelerate ocean warming and sea level rise.
• 14:27
  Of course, desalinization, we talked about in industrial wastewater,
• 14:31
  create localized ocean salinity spikes
• 14:33
  When I was a private consultant, environmental consultant, worked for
• 14:36
  companies and we would do a lot of tests based on regulations that the
• 14:40
  government put out, provincial municipal, as well as federal governments.
• 14:44
  When a sugar plant, let's just say they have discharged, you know, they
• 14:46
  got discharged, all their waste, and it goes through wastewater
• 14:49
  and it goes out into, say Lake Ontario or any of the Great Lakes.
• 14:53
  but it's heated water and it has a lot of nutrients in it.
• 14:55
  The big thing in the regulations that they have to make sure of
• 14:58
  an engineers are involved, water wastewater engineers are involved.
• 15:00
  They have to make sure that it acclimate very quickly and that there's
• 15:03
  certain numbers at the end of the pipe that matter, but the temperature
• 15:06
  difference coming out of those factories
• 15:08
  is unreal.
• 15:09
  It's definitely a difference.
• 15:10
  You see like this warm plume that comes out and you can
• 15:13
  measure it through temperature.
• 15:14
  We used to do like these maps, these temperature maps around the
• 15:17
  outlet for the outflow of this water and the sugar water basically.
• 15:21
  And you would see how hot it would get and you see all the fish come in because
• 15:24
  it's got a lot of nutrients and there's a lot of plants that grow there and stuff.
• 15:26
  It's really, really interesting.
• 15:28
  But it has to be regulated.
• 15:29
  And the thing is it's not regulated.
• 15:31
  So the policy has to be put in place, and it's not rare and not surprising to
• 15:36
  see a lot of these tech companies be very cozy, cozy with different governments, not
• 15:41
  just the US but other governments because they're lobbying those governments so that
• 15:45
  they can produce as much AI and produce as many data sensors as possible, right?
• 15:50
  This is not a thing that hasn't happened in the past.
• 15:52
  It's not just a tech company that has provided these types of
• 15:55
  innovative lobbying kind of things.
• 15:57
  This has been happening in agriculture and everywhere.
• 15:59
  So I think that's an important thing.
• 16:01
  So the big thing is, is like what we can do about it, like the call to action for
• 16:05
  you is one advocate for transparency.
• 16:07
  So communities should know how much water the local data centers use.
• 16:11
  First of all, do you know if you have a local data center?
• 16:14
  Do you know if there's a data center either being built or
• 16:16
  already built in your area, how much water is it being used?
• 16:20
  Ask your region, your county, wherever you are.
• 16:23
  Ask them why we don't have that information, why they
• 16:25
  don't have that information.
• 16:26
  Ask them to mandate that information.
• 16:28
  'cause that's important to everybody.
• 16:30
  This is gonna affect everybody.
• 16:32
  Like I said, AI is not gonna go anywhere.
• 16:34
  Support cleaner, tech, you know, renewables, clean tech, recyclable
• 16:37
  non-potable water, but like support responsible AI companies that report
• 16:42
  their full environmental data.
• 16:43
  I don't even know what companies do and don't, I don't even know what
• 16:46
  companies build these data centers.
• 16:47
  If it's like Google or Meta or open ai.
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  Are they in charge of it or is it like a different company that does that,
• 16:53
  or different companies that do that.
• 16:54
  Educate others on the hidden water footprint.
• 16:56
  Share this video, share the information that you have.
• 16:58
  If you have your own information, if you know studies that
• 17:00
  have been done, share that.
• 17:01
  Streaming cloud storage, AI tools all depend on cooling.
• 17:05
  We're using it more and more, and this is gonna be huge.
• 17:07
  And then push companies to include water metrics in digital infrastructure permit.
• 17:11
  We probably didn't even know we had digital infrastructure permits, but
• 17:13
  they do, and we need to make sure that they are following the law.
• 17:16
  This is the big thing.
• 17:18
  AI can help us solve ocean problems.
• 17:20
  They can help us with productivity.
• 17:22
  If we build it and power it responsibly, we can really have
• 17:26
  a great impact on the world.
• 17:28
  AI and machine learning can help overfishing.
• 17:30
  It could help with identifying areas that are feeling the effects more
• 17:33
  identify faster ways to reduce climate impacts, all these types of things.
• 17:37
  It could help us.
• 17:38
  We need to protect both the freshwater ecosystem and the oceans
• 17:41
  by designing the technology that respects the planetary limits.
• 17:45
  Like it really does.
• 17:46
  We are not above and beyond the planet limits.
• 17:49
  If the planet goes, we go and that's not good.
• 17:52
  And the goal is not to stop the AI.
• 17:53
  It's not to stop innovation.
• 17:55
  It's to make sure that innovation doesn't come at the ocean's expense
• 17:58
  and doesn't come at water expense.
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  I think that's the big thing to do.
• 18:01
  This is not a video to say AI is evil and everything that's about it's evil.
• 18:06
  There's a lot of great things that can be done.
• 18:07
  Obviously there's a dark side to it as well, but there's a lot of great things
• 18:10
  that could be done in your own lives.
• 18:12
  As well as other people's lives and in the ocean's life.
• 18:15
  but we just can't let it go without being regulated for the environment,
• 18:19
  because if not, these companies will not take the ocean limits and take the
• 18:24
  health of the ocean and water to heart.
• 18:26
  They just won't.
• 18:27
  They need to be regulated.
• 18:28
  So our governments need to get on this quickly and do it right now.
• 18:31
  Other industries that use a lot of water, the dominant one, agriculture.
• 18:36
  That uses over 70% of global fresh water.
• 18:39
  If you look at water usage for AI, it's like less than 2% at this point globally.
• 18:44
  Energy production is huge, about 15%, manufacturing and heavy
• 18:47
  industries, about 20% mining.
• 18:49
  There's a lot of water usage, food and beverage processing.
• 18:51
  There's a lot of water usage, construction and materials technology.
• 18:55
  Semiconductor manufacturing data centers, of course, is less than
• 18:58
  1% of the total industrial water used globally, but growing fast.
• 19:02
  So we gotta put that in check, make sure that we're regulating it and
• 19:05
  make sure that it's going well.
• 19:06
  and I think that's gonna be really important.
• 19:08
  So that's it for today's episode.
• 19:09
  I'd love to hear your thoughts on this.
• 19:10
  Let me know in the comments below because I think it's really
• 19:13
  important to start this conversation.
• 19:15
  if you're watching this on YouTube, comments below if you're listening
• 19:17
  to this on your favorite podcast app.
• 19:19
  Let me know how you feel.
• 19:20
  DM me on Instagram at How to Protect the Ocean.
• 19:23
  It's at How to Protect the Ocean, or Go To Speak up for blue.com/contact.
• 19:27
  Let me know how you feel.
• 19:27
  Just fill out the form, goes right to my email.
• 19:29
  I'll get back to you as soon as I can.
• 19:32
  I wanna thank you so much for joining me on today's episode of the
• 19:34
  How to Protect the Ocean Podcast.
• 19:36
  I'm your host Andrew Lewin.
• 19:37
  Have a great day.
• 19:37
  We'll talk to you next time in Happy Conservation.