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The Phone Number on Her Palm: How Dawn's Ink Unmasked a Killer · True Nightmare Stories

• 0:03
  Speaker 1: She had a phone number written in her palm, not
• 0:06
  Speaker 1: in a notebook, not saved in a phone, written in
• 0:09
  Speaker 1: ink on her skin, because she knew she might need
• 0:12
  Speaker 1: it fast. When they found her body on the morning
• 0:14
  Speaker 1: of March 24th, 1993, that number was nearly gone. The
• 0:19
  Speaker 1: cold had done its work. The ink had faded to
• 0:22
  Speaker 1: almost nothing, and the only way to read it was
• 0:24
  Speaker 1: to remove the skin. That detail is what broke this
• 0:27
  Speaker 1: case open. and it is what almost let a killer
• 0:30
  Speaker 1: walk free. There is something in this story that never
• 0:33
  Speaker 1: settled for me, a 17-year-old girl. A few months from graduation,
• 0:38
  Speaker 1: carrying one phone number as her only safety net, writing
• 0:41
  Speaker 1: it on herself like she already knew the road ahead
• 0:44
  Speaker 1: wasn't going to be kind. She was right, and the
• 0:47
  Speaker 1: fact that numbers survived at all is the reason we
• 0:50
  Speaker 1: know her name. Her name was Dawn Marie Birnbaum. She
• 0:53
  Speaker 1: was 17 years old, blonde, and less than four months
• 0:57
  Speaker 1: from graduating a residential program for at-risk youth in Poland Springs, Maine,
• 1:02
  Speaker 1: she had moved through foster homes. She had run away before,
• 1:06
  Speaker 1: but in the winter of 1993, by every account from
• 1:09
  Speaker 1: the people who knew her, she was close, genuinely close,
• 1:13
  Speaker 1: to finishing something she had started. Her counselor, Mark Rosenberg,
• 1:17
  Speaker 1: described her as motivated, Her friend Heidi Hansen said she
• 1:21
  Speaker 1: was counting the days. On the evening of Sunday, March 21st,
• 1:25
  Speaker 1: Dawn and Heidi were at a movie showing at the school.
• 1:28
  Speaker 1: Dawn left partway through. She did not tell Heidi she
• 1:31
  Speaker 1: was leaving for good. She made her way to the
• 1:33
  Speaker 1: road and stuck out her thumb. She was heading to Bangor, Maine,
• 1:36
  Speaker 1: roughly 90 miles northeast. The reason was a young man
• 1:40
  Speaker 1: named John Hoffpower, a friend she had been trying to reach.
• 1:44
  Speaker 1: Hoffpower had disappeared the previous September. His car had been
• 1:47
  Speaker 1: found near his home in Mississippi, with multiple bullet holes
• 1:51
  Speaker 1: in it. He was presumed dead, but no body had
• 1:54
  Speaker 1: ever been recovered. Dawn had not stopped looking. That detail
• 1:58
  Speaker 1: matters for what comes next. She was not running away
• 2:01
  Speaker 1: from something. She was running towards someone who was almost
• 2:04
  Speaker 1: certainly already gone. Dawn spent Monday, March 22nd at Dysart's
• 2:09
  Speaker 1: truck stop in Bangor, a large interstate rest point where
• 2:13
  Speaker 1: long-haul drivers fueled up and passed through. She made phone calls.
• 2:17
  Speaker 1: She talked to people she trusted. At 10 in the morning,
• 2:20
  Speaker 1: she reached her friend Mandy Gray in Georgia. That was
• 2:23
  Speaker 1: the last confirmed call anyone received from her. Before she
• 2:26
  Speaker 1: found a ride south, she took a pen and wrote
• 2:29
  Speaker 1: a phone number on the inside of her left palm.
• 2:32
  Speaker 1: The number for Mark Rosenberg, her counselor. Not on paper,
• 2:35
  Speaker 1: on her hand. Wherever she was going, she wanted that
• 2:38
  Speaker 1: number with her. Sometime that same morning, a truck driver
• 2:42
  Speaker 1: named James Robert Cruz Jr., was also at Desarts. A
• 2:46
  Speaker 1: fuel receipt placed him there with a timestamp and his
• 2:49
  Speaker 1: name printed on the slip. He was standing approximately 15
• 2:52
  Speaker 1: feet from the spot where Dawn made her calls. The
• 2:56
  Speaker 1: prosecution's theory is that Cruz offered her a ride south.
• 2:59
  Speaker 1: She accepted. She had no reason not to. He was
• 3:02
  Speaker 1: a commercial driver, a professional, someone who looked exactly like
• 3:06
  Speaker 1: the kind of person you were supposed to trust on
• 3:08
  Speaker 1: a highway. What happened over the next 36 hours would
• 3:11
  Speaker 1: not be confirmed until months later. And it would require
• 3:15
  Speaker 1: forensic work that in 1993 was still close to the
• 3:18
  Speaker 1: edge of what laboratories could do. But before any of that,
• 3:22
  Speaker 1: before the science, and the receipts, and the testimony, there
• 3:26
  Speaker 1: was just a body on a snowbank at the entrance
• 3:28
  Speaker 1: ramp of an interstate near Belfonte, Pennsylvania. Population just under 7,000.
• 3:34
  Speaker 1: A quiet college town in a valley locals called Happy Valley.
• 3:38
  Speaker 1: a place that had not seen a homicide in 13 years.
• 3:41
  Speaker 1: The mortician who received the body that morning, a man
• 3:44
  Speaker 1: named Steven Mondock, gave her a working name while they
• 3:48
  Speaker 1: waited for identification. He called her Spring Dawn for the
• 3:51
  Speaker 1: season and for the place they found her. He did
• 3:54
  Speaker 1: not know her real name yet. Neither did anyone else.
• 3:57
  Speaker 1: The coincidence of that name, Spring Dawn, Dawn Marie, is
• 4:01
  Speaker 1: the kind of thing investigators remember for the rest of
• 4:04
  Speaker 1: their careers. But in the hours after discovery, she was
• 4:07
  Speaker 1: simply unknown. No bag. No wallet. No identification of any
• 4:12
  Speaker 1: kind beside the body. Her fingerprints ran through the National
• 4:15
  Speaker 1: AFS system and returned nothing. Her physical descriptors matched no
• 4:19
  Speaker 1: open missing persons report. She was a girl with no name.
• 4:23
  Speaker 1: On a ramp no one was supposed to stop at.
• 4:26
  Speaker 1: In a town where nothing like this was supposed to happen.
• 4:29
  Speaker 1: The morning of March 22nd, 1993... Don Marie Birnbaum sat
• 4:33
  Speaker 1: inside Dysart's truck stop in Bangor, Maine, and made phone calls.
• 4:37
  Speaker 1: She had been there most of the day. She used
• 4:40
  Speaker 1: the payphone. She talked to friends. She talked to her counselor,
• 4:43
  Speaker 1: Mark Rosenberg, and before she hung up, she pressed his
• 4:46
  Speaker 1: number into the skin of her left palm with a pen,
• 4:49
  Speaker 1: pressing hard enough that the ink would hold through the cold.
• 4:52
  Speaker 1: She was 17 years old, and she was trying to
• 4:55
  Speaker 1: find someone. John Hoffpower had been her friend, and he
• 4:58
  Speaker 1: had been missing since September of 1992. His car had
• 5:02
  Speaker 1: been found near his home in Mississippi with multiple bullet
• 5:05
  Speaker 1: holes in it. No body, no explanation. Dawn had been
• 5:09
  Speaker 1: searching for him for months, and on that Sunday she
• 5:11
  Speaker 1: had slipped away from her residential program in Poland Springs,
• 5:15
  Speaker 1: left her friend Heidi Hansen at the school movie, and
• 5:18
  Speaker 1: started hitchhiking north toward Bangor because she believed she could
• 5:21
  Speaker 1: find him if she kept moving. The last call she
• 5:24
  Speaker 1: made from Disarts was at 10 in the morning to
• 5:27
  Speaker 1: Mandy Gray in Georgia. After that, there is no record
• 5:30
  Speaker 1: of where she went or who she spoke to. Sometime
• 5:33
  Speaker 1: that same morning, a truck driver named James Robert Cruz Jr.
• 5:37
  Speaker 1: stopped at Dysart's to pay for fuel. The register log
• 5:40
  Speaker 1: placed him approximately 15 feet from where Dawn was making
• 5:44
  Speaker 1: her calls. His name was on the receipt. The time matched.
• 5:48
  Speaker 1: Neither of them could have known the other was there.
• 5:50
  Speaker 1: And yet, according to the prosecution's timeline, that was the
• 5:54
  Speaker 1: moment the distance between them collapsed to nothing. Investigators would
• 5:58
  Speaker 1: later say that Cruz agreed to give Dawn a ride south.
• 6:01
  Speaker 1: The direction made sense for her. She was trying to
• 6:04
  Speaker 1: find John. South was where Leeds had last pointed. She
• 6:07
  Speaker 1: got in. The prosecution's account of what happened next was
• 6:11
  Speaker 1: built not from witnesses, but from paper. Cruz kept a
• 6:14
  Speaker 1: driver's logbook, as all long-haul truckers were required to do.
• 6:18
  Speaker 1: It was meant to record stops, fuel purchases, hours of service,
• 6:23
  Speaker 1: a running account of where the truck had been and when.
• 6:26
  Speaker 1: When investigators examined Cruz's log for the night of March
• 6:29
  Speaker 1: 22nd into March 23rd, they found gaps. Entries that should
• 6:33
  Speaker 1: have matched his fuel receipts did not. The timestamps were off.
• 6:37
  Speaker 1: The distances didn't add up. The log had been falsified,
• 6:41
  Speaker 1: and the falsified sections corresponded precisely to the hours the
• 6:44
  Speaker 1: prosecution argued. Don was in that truck. That detail. The
• 6:49
  Speaker 1: altered log was the first place the rational explanation stopped working.
• 6:53
  Speaker 1: Cruz drove for a company based in Ohio. His route
• 6:56
  Speaker 1: was documented. His fuel receipts placed him in Bangor on
• 6:59
  Speaker 1: the morning of March 22nd and in Milesburg, Pennsylvania, just
• 7:03
  Speaker 1: a few miles from Bellefontaine. In the early hours of
• 7:07
  Speaker 1: March 24th, the drive from Bangor to central Pennsylvania takes
• 7:11
  Speaker 1: roughly 10 hours under normal conditions. The timeline fit. The
• 7:16
  Speaker 1: receipts were signed. His name was on both of them.
• 7:19
  Speaker 1: Trooper Madden of the Pennsylvania State Police and Special Agent
• 7:22
  Speaker 1: Randy Cohick of the FBI began working the case from
• 7:26
  Speaker 1: opposite ends, one starting with the body, one starting with
• 7:29
  Speaker 1: the road. What they found when those two lines converged
• 7:32
  Speaker 1: was a truck, specifically truck number 44. The tire impressions
• 7:37
  Speaker 1: left near the body on the snow-covered ramp were distinctive.
• 7:40
  Speaker 1: They were Michelin XD, one low-profile duals, not a common
• 7:45
  Speaker 1: tire for the region, not standard issue. The molds taken
• 7:48
  Speaker 1: from the scene matched the tires on Cruz's truck. That
• 7:51
  Speaker 1: was the second place the rational explanation ran out. Inside
• 7:55
  Speaker 1: the cab of truck 44, investigators found a single blonde
• 7:58
  Speaker 1: hair woven into the carpet of the passenger door. One hair.
• 8:02
  Speaker 1: It was consistent with Dawn's. Then, beneath the knot of
• 8:06
  Speaker 1: the rope that had been tied around her neck, they
• 8:08
  Speaker 1: found something else. A loose, dark hair. It did not
• 8:11
  Speaker 1: belong to Dawn, who was blonde. It was collected, lobbed,
• 8:15
  Speaker 1: and sent to the FBI forensic laboratory. The rope itself
• 8:19
  Speaker 1: was still around her neck when she was found. Her
• 8:22
  Speaker 1: hands were bound. The cause of death was strangulation. The
• 8:25
  Speaker 1: autopsy indicated she had been dead fewer than 12 hours
• 8:28
  Speaker 1: when the motorist found her on the morning of March 24th,
• 8:31
  Speaker 1: which placed her death in the overnight hours, the same
• 8:34
  Speaker 1: window when Cruz's log went dark. When investigators first brought
• 8:38
  Speaker 1: Cruz in for questioning, he did not appear nervous. He
• 8:42
  Speaker 1: answered questions. He was cooperative enough that investigators later acknowledged
• 8:46
  Speaker 1: he briefly stopped being their primary suspect. He seemed too calm,
• 8:51
  Speaker 1: too professional, too ordinary. A driver with a route and
• 8:54
  Speaker 1: a schedule and a name on his receipts. That calmness
• 8:57
  Speaker 1: was the head fake. It held until the DNA results
• 9:00
  Speaker 1: came back. The FBI laboratory processed the dark hair found
• 9:04
  Speaker 1: under the knot of the rope. They also processed the
• 9:07
  Speaker 1: single blonde hair from the truck's passenger carpet. Then they
• 9:10
  Speaker 1: obtained a court order for samples from Cruz himself. Hair
• 9:14
  Speaker 1: and DNA. The results matched. The dark hair under the
• 9:17
  Speaker 1: knot belonged to Cruz. The biological material recovered from Dawn's
• 9:21
  Speaker 1: body during the autopsy. material consistent with sexual assault, matched
• 9:26
  Speaker 1: Cruz's DNA profile. The blonde hair in the carpet was
• 9:29
  Speaker 1: consistent with Dawn's. Three separate pieces of physical evidence, collected
• 9:33
  Speaker 1: from two different locations, pointed to the same man. Cruz
• 9:37
  Speaker 1: was arrested on September 8, 1993, five months and 15
• 9:42
  Speaker 1: days after Dawn's body was found on that ramp in
• 9:44
  Speaker 1: the snow. But the arrest itself surfaced something that the
• 9:47
  Speaker 1: investigation had not previously disclosed. James Robert Cruz Jr. had
• 9:52
  Speaker 1: a prior conviction, not for a traffic violation, not for
• 9:55
  Speaker 1: a misdemeanor. He had been convicted in a military court
• 9:59
  Speaker 1: for attempted homicide. The method, strangulation. He had served his
• 10:03
  Speaker 1: sentence at Fort Leavenworth. After his release, he had returned
• 10:07
  Speaker 1: to civilian life, taken a job driving trucks, and resumed
• 10:10
  Speaker 1: his routes across the eastern half of the United States.
• 10:14
  Speaker 1: The rational explanation had not just stopped working. It had
• 10:17
  Speaker 1: been replaced by something that was, in some ways, worse,
• 10:20
  Speaker 1: because it was entirely mundane. A man who had already
• 10:23
  Speaker 1: tried to kill someone this way. A job that gave
• 10:26
  Speaker 1: him access to highways and anonymity. And a schedule no
• 10:29
  Speaker 1: one questioned. And a 17-year-old girl who needed a ride
• 10:33
  Speaker 1: south and had no way to know what was sitting
• 10:35
  Speaker 1: beside her in that cab. When investigators examined his blood
• 10:38
  Speaker 1: type against the biological evidence, it was consistent. Type A positive.
• 10:43
  Speaker 1: 14 hours. That is how long the jury deliberated before
• 10:47
  Speaker 1: returning a verdict of guilty on the charge of murder
• 10:50
  Speaker 1: in the first degree. The trial concluded on June 14.
• 10:53
  Speaker 1: The trial concluded on June 14. Cruz was sentenced to
• 10:57
  Speaker 1: life in prison without the possibility of parole. He was
• 11:01
  Speaker 1: remanded to Greene County Maximum Security Prison in Western Pennsylvania,
• 11:06
  Speaker 1: where he remains. The jury had all the evidence, the DNA,
• 11:10
  Speaker 1: the hair, the tire tracks, the falsified log, the receipts.
• 11:15
  Speaker 1: The prior conviction, they deliberated for 14 hours anyway, which
• 11:19
  Speaker 1: means for 14 hours, 12 people sat in a room
• 11:23
  Speaker 1: and tried to find a version of this story where
• 11:25
  Speaker 1: everything made sense, where the numbers added up differently, where
• 11:29
  Speaker 1: the dark hair under the rope had another explanation. There
• 11:32
  Speaker 1: is no version of this story where everything makes sense.
• 11:35
  Speaker 1: There is a question that the case file does not answer,
• 11:37
  Speaker 1: and it is not about Cruz. John Hoffpower disappeared in
• 11:41
  Speaker 1: September of 1992. His car was found near his home
• 11:45
  Speaker 1: in Mississippi with multiple bullet holes in the body of
• 11:47
  Speaker 1: the vehicle. He was presumed dead. No body was ever recovered.
• 11:52
  Speaker 1: Dawn had been searching for him for months before she
• 11:54
  Speaker 1: left Poland Springs that Sunday. She told people she believed
• 11:57
  Speaker 1: she could find him. She was hitchhiking toward Maine, toward
• 12:01
  Speaker 1: the last people who had heard from him, because she
• 12:03
  Speaker 1: could not stop looking. The investigators working Dawn's case never
• 12:07
  Speaker 1: established a connection between Hoffpower's disappearance and her death. They
• 12:12
  Speaker 1: are documented as separate events, separated by geography and by
• 12:16
  Speaker 1: six months. But they are also the beginning and end
• 12:18
  Speaker 1: of the same story. A girl who lost someone, who
• 12:22
  Speaker 1: refused to accept that loss, who got on the highway
• 12:25
  Speaker 1: to look for him, and who never came home. What
• 12:28
  Speaker 1: Dawn could not have known, and what no one in
• 12:30
  Speaker 1: her life could have told her, is that the friend
• 12:32
  Speaker 1: she was searching for was almost certainly already gone. The
• 12:36
  Speaker 1: bullet holes in his car suggested violence. The absence of
• 12:39
  Speaker 1: a body suggested deliberate concealment. She was moving toward a ghost.
• 12:44
  Speaker 1: The rope, the falsified log, the dark hair under the knot,
• 12:48
  Speaker 1: these are the pieces. Investigators could hold and measure and
• 12:51
  Speaker 1: present to a jury. They are not the whole story.
• 12:54
  Speaker 1: They are the part of the story that fits inside
• 12:57
  Speaker 1: a courtroom. There is also this. After Cruz's arrest in
• 13:01
  Speaker 1: September of 1993, FBI records indicated that a pattern of
• 13:05
  Speaker 1: similar crimes in Ohio went quiet. Women found on highways.
• 13:09
  Speaker 1: Methods consistent. The FBI did not establish a formal link.
• 13:13
  Speaker 1: No charges were filed in connection with those cases. The
• 13:17
  Speaker 1: approximately 600 women found dead on American roadsides in the
• 13:20
  Speaker 1: decade prior to 1993 remain. In official terms, unconnected to Cruz,
• 13:26
  Speaker 1: official terms cover a specific kind of truth. Dawn's counselor,
• 13:29
  Speaker 1: Mark Rosenberg, recognized her from a photograph. He recognized her
• 13:33
  Speaker 1: because she had called him from that truck stop two
• 13:36
  Speaker 1: days before she was found, and he had heard her voice.
• 13:39
  Speaker 1: and he knew it was her. The second phone number
• 13:42
  Speaker 1: recovered from her palm, the one that appeared to originate
• 13:44
  Speaker 1: from Florida, was never conclusively identified. No one came forward
• 13:49
  Speaker 1: to claim it. No one has since. She wrote two
• 13:52
  Speaker 1: numbers on her hand before she got in that truck.
• 13:55
  Speaker 1: One of them brought her home after a fashion. It
• 13:57
  Speaker 1: brought her name back to her body, and her body
• 14:00
  Speaker 1: back to the people who had known her. The other
• 14:02
  Speaker 1: number goes nowhere. A line written in ink on skin,
• 14:05
  Speaker 1: pressed hard enough to last, pointing toward something that was
• 14:09
  Speaker 1: never found. The mortician who received her body on March
• 14:12
  Speaker 1: 24th named her Spring Dawn, for the season and the
• 14:15
  Speaker 1: time of day she was discovered. He did not know
• 14:18
  Speaker 1: her real name. He gave her a name because he
• 14:20
  Speaker 1: could not leave her without one. Her name was Dawn.
• 14:24
  Speaker 1: It was already there, in the season, and the ramp
• 14:27
  Speaker 1: in the snow, waiting for someone to look closely enough
• 14:30
  Speaker 1: to find her. The jury deliberated for 14 hours, 14
• 14:34
  Speaker 1: hours to weigh a falsified logbook, a strand of dark
• 14:38
  Speaker 1: hair knotted beneath a rope, a name written in fading
• 14:41
  Speaker 1: ink on the palm of a 17-year-old girl. On June 14th, 1993,
• 14:47
  Speaker 1: they returned a verdict of guilty on the charge of
• 14:50
  Speaker 1: first-degree murder. James Robert Cruz Jr. received a sentence of
• 14:54
  Speaker 1: life without the possibility of parole. He was transferred to
• 14:57
  Speaker 1: Greene County Maximum Security Prison in Western Pennsylvania, where he
• 15:01
  Speaker 1: remains today. There is something that still sits uneasily with
• 15:04
  Speaker 1: the investigators who worked this case. Cruz had been calm
• 15:08
  Speaker 1: during his initial interview. Measured, he answered questions without flinching,
• 15:13
  Speaker 1: and for a brief window, the team shifted focus elsewhere.
• 15:16
  Speaker 1: The man who had strangled a woman in the United
• 15:19
  Speaker 1: States Army, who had served time at Fort Leavenworth for
• 15:22
  Speaker 1: attempted homicide by the same method, had simply appeared unremarkable.
• 15:26
  Speaker 1: The system that should have flagged him had not surfaced
• 15:28
  Speaker 1: that record in time to prevent Dawn from ever climbing
• 15:31
  Speaker 1: into that truck. The DNA match changed everything. Hair from
• 15:35
  Speaker 1: the passenger carpet of truck 44. Biological evidence from Don's body.
• 15:40
  Speaker 1: A blood type consistent with the seminal evidence recovered. Each
• 15:43
  Speaker 1: element independently pointed to the same man. Together, they closed
• 15:47
  Speaker 1: a door that crews had apparently assumed would stay open.
• 15:51
  Speaker 1: But some doors stayed locked from the other side. The
• 15:54
  Speaker 1: second phone number recovered from Don's palm was never identified.
• 15:58
  Speaker 1: Investigators traced one number to Mark Rosenberg. Her counselor, the
• 16:01
  Speaker 1: man whose voice was the last familiar one she heard
• 16:04
  Speaker 1: before she walked out of that truck stop. The second number,
• 16:07
  Speaker 1: the one that seemed to originate from Florida, led nowhere.
• 16:11
  Speaker 1: No one ever claimed it. No one ever called back
• 16:14
  Speaker 1: to ask why a 17-year-old girl had written their number
• 16:17
  Speaker 1: on her hand before accepting a ride that would kill her.
• 16:20
  Speaker 1: John Hoffpower, the friend Dawn had set out to find,
• 16:23
  Speaker 1: had been missing since September of 1992. His car was
• 16:27
  Speaker 1: discovered riddled with bullet holes a few miles from his
• 16:30
  Speaker 1: home in Mississippi. No body was ever recovered. Dawn spent
• 16:34
  Speaker 1: her last days trying to reach someone who was almost
• 16:37
  Speaker 1: certainly already gone. She had no way to know that.
• 16:40
  Speaker 1: She wrote a phone number on her palm and made
• 16:43
  Speaker 1: one more call and stepped forward into something she could
• 16:46
  Speaker 1: not have imagined. There is a detail that has stayed
• 16:49
  Speaker 1: with everyone who worked the case. When the mortician Steven
• 16:52
  Speaker 1: Mondock received the unidentified body on the morning of March 24th,
• 16:57
  Speaker 1: he gave her a name. He called her Spring Dawn
• 17:00
  Speaker 1: because of where she was found and what time of
• 17:02
  Speaker 1: year it was. He could not have known. No one
• 17:05
  Speaker 1: in that room could have known. Her name was Dawn.
• 17:08
  Speaker 1: It had always been Dawn. The name he chose landed
• 17:12
  Speaker 1: so close to the truth. that investigators who later learned
• 17:15
  Speaker 1: it went quiet for a moment before they said anything else.
• 17:19
  Speaker 1: Dawn Marie Birnbaum was 17 years old, a few months
• 17:22
  Speaker 1: from graduation, carrying a phone number in her hand and
• 17:26
  Speaker 1: a plan that almost worked. She had survived enough to
• 17:29
  Speaker 1: know how to move through the world alone. She just
• 17:32
  Speaker 1: didn't know what was parked at that fuel station at
• 17:34
  Speaker 1: 15 feet away, watching the same door she was about
• 17:37
  Speaker 1: to walk through. The second number on her palm has
• 17:40
  Speaker 1: never rung. This show is made by Oboe Media.