Latest / The Smart Buildings Academy Podcast | Teaching You Building Automation, Systems Integration, and Information Technology / SBA 460: BAS Input Types

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SBA 460: BAS Input Types · The Smart Buildings Academy Podcast | Teaching You Building Automation, Systems Integration, and Information Technology

• 0:01
  This is the smart buildings Academy podcast with Phil Zito
• 0:05
  episode 460. Hey folks, Phil Zito here, welcome to episode
• 0:09
  460 of the smart buildings Academy podcast. In this
• 0:14
  episode, we are going to be continuing our technician
• 0:17
  onboarding series. And we're going to be talking about
• 0:21
  building automation system input types last wins, stay, we talked
• 0:25
  about building automation systems in general. And over the
• 0:30
  next couple sessions, we're going to be going through input
• 0:32
  types, output types and the different tiers of the
• 0:34
  architecture. Then we're gonna move into electrical, then we're
• 0:37
  going to move into h vac, and then we're going to talk about
• 0:39
  some basic building automation functionality. As always,
• 0:43
  everything, Val is going to be available at podcast at smart
• 0:47
  buildings academy.com Ford slash 460, I do realize I'm two
• 0:50
  episodes behind on uploading those to iTunes or Apple
• 0:55
  podcasts, Spotify and our website just been insanely busy.
• 1:02
  I just had a lot of stuff going on with the kids and work. But I
• 1:05
  will get those uploaded, as always, they'll be available on
• 1:09
  YouTube and Facebook and on LinkedIn. So a couple
• 1:15
  housekeeping things. First off, we have our first Youtube
• 1:18
  channel member Thomas Trang. Thank you very much. For those
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  Apple podcasts or Spotify and leaving us a five star review.
• 2:05
  Like I said, today we're gonna be going through a lot of stuff,
• 2:07
  we're going to start off with a PowerPoint, I'm going to double
• 2:10
  check that audio is coming in good. And on both LinkedIn and
• 2:16
  get on YouTube. And sounds good on Linked In. So let's get
• 2:25
  started building automation system input types. By the time
• 2:29
  you finish today's session, you're going to understand the
• 2:33
  common types of inputs. And identify the requirements of
• 2:37
  different input types, we're going to look at logical and
• 2:40
  physical inputs, we're going to look at a specification, how to
• 2:43
  read it, and then how to identify inputs, actually, what
• 2:48
  type of sensors and devices you need to purchase. And we're
• 2:52
  going to talk about the logical inputs and what those are and
• 2:54
  what they entail. There's two primary types of inputs, I do
• 2:59
  recognize that these are called different things by different
• 3:03
  organizations. So I will do my best to be agnostic in the
• 3:08
  naming, do realize that depending on the vendor, they
• 3:11
  may be called different things. So please do give me some grace.
• 3:16
  If I do not use the exact term that you would use. It's just
• 3:21
  because there's so many different terms to calling
• 3:24
  things in this industry, unfortunately. So I tried to be
• 3:27
  as generic as possible, there's two primary types of inputs. And
• 3:31
  those two primary types of inputs are going to be the
• 3:36
  physical Oops, here we go. We hit that real quick, the
• 3:41
  physical and the logical inputs. And the physical inputs are
• 3:48
  inputs that physically exists to connect the device to the
• 3:51
  building automation system. These are going to be things
• 3:54
  like your temperature sensors, like your pressure sensors, your
• 3:58
  current switches, your current sensing relays, logical inputs
• 4:02
  are inputs that exist only in software to provide data and or
• 4:06
  settings for the building automation system. So this may
• 4:09
  actually represent a physical input that you get gather from
• 4:14
  maybe a chiller, or an air handler via BACnet or Modbus, or
• 4:18
  lon integration or, you know, MQ TT integration that's popular
• 4:24
  nowadays. But at the end of the day, where you're looking at
• 4:29
  them, they are logical, you are not physically connecting to
• 4:32
  that chilled water supply temp. The chiller is actually
• 4:35
  connecting to it and it is interpreting it in its
• 4:39
  microcontrollers and sending it across some sort of
• 4:43
  communication bus to you and so the input you're seeing is
• 4:48
  logical. So those exist, like I said, to provide data and or
• 4:52
  settings for the building automation system. Alright,
• 4:56
  there's got to be a way to turn off this pointer so I don't have
• 4:59
  to Keep going back to Slide Master. Let's see, we're just
• 5:05
  going to do the mouse cursor because it's easier for me
• 5:08
  rather than getting the pointer every time. And the grabbing the
• 5:11
  pointer just distracts me. We see right here, the input
• 5:16
  portion of a disk controller, we see resistive voltage, current
• 5:20
  contact and pulse, are the most common physical inputs. There
• 5:24
  are other physical inputs. But these are the most common ones
• 5:27
  we're going to run into, may give you a representation of
• 5:31
  these. So there's resistive inputs, of which there's,
• 5:34
  there's really three types. There's thermistors, are TDs,
• 5:38
  and thermocouples. We're going to focus in on thermistors. And
• 5:42
  resistive temperature diodes are our TDs of the thermistors.
• 5:48
  There's a NTC. And PTC, you could argue that for RTDs, some
• 5:52
  of those have NTC. And PTC does negative temperature coefficient
• 5:56
  and positive temperature coefficient, we can see a
• 5:59
  negative temperature coefficient right here. Actually, is this a
• 6:04
  positive 1am? I reading this backwards? I do not like this
• 6:07
  chart. No, no, no. I'm reading this right. Right. As resistance
• 6:11
  goes down, temperature goes up. Yeah, negative. I'm not good
• 6:15
  with math folks. Forgive me. NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE Kozik. A
• 6:19
  coat efficient. If I could speak, you think I could after
• 6:24
  this many podcasts. As the resistance goes up, the
• 6:28
  temperature goes down. And as the resistance goes down, the
• 6:31
  temperature goes up, you will most commonly see negative
• 6:36
  temperature coefficient used with temperature sensors,
• 6:40
  although you will see positive temperature coefficients
• 6:42
  occasionally negative temperature coefficients are the
• 6:46
  most common. We can see, however, that when it comes to
• 6:51
  our sensors, not only is there different types, thermistors
• 6:55
  RTDs, thermocouples. And each one has their benefits, and
• 6:59
  their cons. There's also what we'll see here, different types
• 7:05
  of sensing elements. The most common sensing elements are
• 7:09
  nickel or platinum, but there is copper, I don't run into it in
• 7:12
  specs very often. So what you'll see is that the platinum one has
• 7:17
  a more predictive curve across a wider temperature span. Whereas
• 7:22
  you see, nickel kinda has a less predictable curve, it starts to
• 7:28
  tilt right when you get into this high temperature range, but
• 7:31
  let's be real outside of Steam, we're not dealing with a lot of
• 7:37
  things that require us to be less than zero Celsius unless
• 7:42
  you're doing like ice storage or cold rooms, or you know,
• 7:46
  something greater than 200 Celsius unless you're doing
• 7:49
  steam or you know your gap. Basically, steam is the primary
• 7:54
  one I run into with it. Let's keep going. So resistive inputs,
• 7:58
  these are going to be a input that is used for temperature
• 8:03
  sensing, typically, I'm not going to get into constant
• 8:08
  resistance, but that is something you can use for
• 8:11
  different purposes. But that would just be confusing. voltage
• 8:15
  inputs. So this is an example of a electro pneumatic transducer.
• 8:21
  I use these all the time in a past life. And what it would do
• 8:25
  is based on a
• 8:28
  psi that it was reading, it would then go and send out an
• 8:34
  electrical signal. So this was a way to go and control or sorry,
• 8:40
  based on the electrical signal that was reading, it would send
• 8:43
  out a pneumatic control signal, typically between zero to 15
• 8:48
  psi. So the purpose of this was to take a pneumatic actuator and
• 8:56
  be able to control it with a direct digital control system.
• 9:00
  So as part of a pneumatic retrofit, those pneumatic
• 9:03
  actuators can be 1000s of dollars. And replacing them may
• 9:07
  not be feasible, and you may want to keep it for whatever
• 9:11
  reason, maybe you're using it with steam, maybe you're in a
• 9:13
  corrosive environment where you don't want electromechanical
• 9:16
  actuator. And I realize you don't know what actuators are
• 9:20
  yet. If you're a brand new technician, don't worry, we'll
• 9:22
  get to that in the H vac components. But what you would
• 9:26
  do is you would take a zero to 10 volt signal, usually it would
• 9:31
  come in right here. And that zero to 10 volt signal would be
• 9:35
  then converted transduced to a pneumatic signal. There's this
• 9:40
  little pump in here that would or there's a little valve in
• 9:44
  here that would regulate the control pneumatics signal or
• 9:50
  pneumatic air because there's main and then there's control.
• 9:55
  Main is your high pressure and control is typically your zero
• 9:59
  to 15 02 20 psi, this would be regulated by this transducer to
• 10:04
  thus control the, in this case, pneumatic actuator, or other
• 10:10
  systems depending on what you're doing voltage inputs, right. So
• 10:15
  this is taking a voltage input. So what I want to be clear on,
• 10:19
  because this is something people get kind of crossed on a little
• 10:23
  bit is that inputs are not just to your controller, they can
• 10:28
  also be to an end device. So as we'll see, in next week's
• 10:31
  episode on voltage outputs, a zero to 10 volt output from your
• 10:36
  controller could actually go to a zero to 10 volt input on a
• 10:41
  field device. So everything you learn about inputs and outputs
• 10:46
  can also be applicable to your actual control devices in the
• 10:52
  field. So I want you to kind of start to visualize, don't just
• 10:57
  be stuck on the controller actually think of your control
• 10:59
  devices, then we get to some current inputs. This is a
• 11:03
  humidity sensor, right, and we can see that this humidity
• 11:07
  sensor, this actually takes a power supply in series. So
• 11:13
  there's parallel and there's series. Typically, when you're
• 11:17
  doing four to 20 milliamp it's in series. Typically, when
• 11:22
  you're doing zero to 10 volts, it is in parallel how you're
• 11:27
  wiring it up or could be in series as well, it really just
• 11:31
  depends. Once again, multiple different manufacturers do this
• 11:36
  multiple different ways. Some of them source the control power
• 11:39
  from their controller, some of them, there's just a variety of
• 11:44
  things. So if I'm not teaching exactly what your product does,
• 11:48
  do be aware that there are a lot of different products in the
• 11:52
  market. Suffice to say, we can see the power supply going in
• 11:58
  powering the sensor, right, because this is current, not
• 12:02
  voltage. And if we remember from ohms law, which you have not
• 12:05
  learned yet, but you will in the electrical video that we will
• 12:08
  have upcoming probably a month from now that there is a
• 12:12
  relationship between current resistance and voltage called
• 12:16
  Ohms law. So as we pass through voltage, we can vary the
• 12:22
  resistance and allow the sensor to read the resistance on the
• 12:26
  line. And that will then give us this four to 20 milliamp,
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  there's a reason we do resistance it provides less
• 12:36
  interference, it also provides us the ability to have a longer
• 12:40
  run. So if you have to run a sensor across the central plant,
• 12:44
  and there's a lot of electrical interference you may choose for
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  20 plus four to 20 gives you some failover capabilities,
• 12:51
  which we'll talk about in a future episode. Then you have
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  digital inputs, which are sometimes called contact inputs.
• 13:00
  They're sometimes called dry contacts. I prefer the term
• 13:05
  digital inputs. And the reason why is because my input, what
• 13:11
  I'm truly sensing here is two states. It's either open or
• 13:16
  closed, it's either on or off, I'm sensing a digital signal,
• 13:23
  I'm not sensing a resistive signal, I'm sensing a digital
• 13:26
  signal. The purpose of these would be things like current
• 13:29
  sensing relays, a current sensing relay would enable us to
• 13:33
  go and I realized this is the current transducer with a four
• 13:37
  to 20 output. But ignore that it was the best image I could find.
• 13:43
  So current sensing relay would sense current and then would
• 13:46
  close contacts based on that current to give status. And then
• 13:52
  you can actually set the current on that current syncing relay to
• 13:57
  a low enough current or to a high enough low enough to a low
• 14:02
  enough that it wouldn't be now hi, cheese men, I am awesome. I
• 14:08
  think it's the 45 minute run I did this morning, my brain is
• 14:11
  still a little wonky. So longest run I've done it in a while. So
• 14:15
  forgive me for that. You would set it higher so that it would
• 14:19
  actually show a load on the motor because if you had it trip
• 14:23
  at a low amount, you could have a free spinning fan, you know
• 14:27
  like the wheel or the belts broken and it's spinning and
• 14:30
  Charles just enough to trip the relay but not enough to show
• 14:34
  that it's actually running so on underload but suffice to say
• 14:39
  these digital inputs, not only current sensing relays These
• 14:43
  could be things like flow switches, pressors switches,
• 14:45
  etc. So you know the AFS series 460 I believe maybe 465 From
• 14:52
  Cleveland controls is the resettable pressure switch that
• 14:56
  is a dry icon or a digital input It's a two state input that
• 15:02
  comes into your control and gives you a status, then we have
• 15:06
  pulse points. We don't, I don't see these as much anymore. Maybe
• 15:10
  you all do a saw them both in the electrical world, I also saw
• 15:14
  them in the irrigation world. So a lot of irrigation and flow
• 15:18
  sensors would send pulses to tell you kind of what flow you
• 15:23
  are getting, you would also have electrical signals that would
• 15:28
  send you pulses. And based on the amplitude, and how often and
• 15:35
  how long the pulse was, it would represent either some sort of
• 15:40
  kilowatt demand kilowatt hours, and gallons per minute. And all
• 15:46
  of this is actually in the cut sheet for the sensor, it'll tell
• 15:49
  you and then when you go into your controller and set it up,
• 15:52
  you would actually set okay, what is a pulse mean? How long
• 15:56
  does it mean that and this gives you an ability to calculate
• 16:01
  either electrical or hydronic flow. Then we get into logical
• 16:07
  inputs. But before I do that, I actually want to switch screens
• 16:10
  real quick and show you something. Here we go. You
• 16:15
  should be seeing a specification now. And in this specification,
• 16:22
  I've focused us in here on this outside air, so this is Oregon
• 16:26
  State University's they call it a guide spec, but it seems to be
• 16:31
  for a specific project. What you see right here is humidity and
• 16:36
  temperature sensor 2% accuracy thin film capacitive capacitive
• 16:42
  replacement sensor element with replaceable sensor element with
• 16:47
  waterproof housing, 10k Ohm type two, and a two wire loop power
• 16:53
  four to 20 milliamp signal. So it looks like we are getting two
• 16:58
  signals 10k Ohm type two is a thermistor. It doesn't specify
• 17:03
  whether it's PTC or NTC. And it also says two wire loop powered
• 17:10
  four to 20 milliamp. So I'm assuming that that is meaning
• 17:18
  two things, one, four to 20 milliamp back to the controller
• 17:22
  for the humidity signal. And loop powered, is just showing
• 17:27
  kind of the electrical details I showed you a little bit earlier.
• 17:30
  So you're sitting there, you're reading the spec, you just got
• 17:33
  sent out to a job, you've got to go to Granger somewhere to pick
• 17:37
  up a sensor. How do you make sense of this? Well, the
• 17:41
  first thing, this is where we go back to those input types I just
• 17:44
  showed you, you have a resistive input. So the first thing I'm
• 17:47
  gonna do here is I'm gonna figure out what inputs do I
• 17:50
  need? Well, based on this, I need a resistive input, which is
• 17:53
  10k type two. And I also need a four to 20. Just through my own
• 17:58
  experience, I know that humidity being a linear scale of
• 18:03
  typically zero to 10 is typically, or sorry, zero to 100
• 18:08
  is typically zero to 10 volts DC, or two to 10 volts DC, or
• 18:12
  four to 20 milliamps. Those are the typical input signals to the
• 18:17
  controller, and then I scale match those to my humidity using
• 18:21
  like a reset or a scaler, whatever it's called in your
• 18:24
  control system. And then I also see my 10k type two, which I
• 18:29
  know is going to be a two wire resistive, and that's going to
• 18:32
  go to a resistive input on my controller. So from there, I
• 18:36
  would go to and for this, I'm going to be using Kelly right
• 18:41
  here. And I always feel like I'm pronouncing their name wrong.
• 18:44
  But I'm gonna go to their site. i We don't endorse any company,
• 18:51
  I just, they have a pretty easy site for me to navigate. I've
• 18:54
  ordered a lot of stuff through them. And but you know, your
• 18:58
  distributor or controls provider or parts warehouse of choice
• 19:04
  will most likely have the same equipment. But what I do here is
• 19:08
  I type in I typed in outdoor air humidity. And now I start
• 19:13
  looking at this trying to figure out what do I need, I know I
• 19:16
  need 2% accuracy. That's important. I know I need a tank
• 19:20
  a type two thermistor. And I also know I need a four to 20
• 19:24
  milliamp signal. So can I find any of these that have that? I'm
• 19:30
  going to just click on this one right here because it says 2%
• 19:33
  and I'm going to see what it has as far as capability. So it has
• 19:39
  a 10k type two thermistor Okay, great. That covers me for that.
• 19:44
  And it has a four to 20 milliamp output signal. I typically like
• 19:49
  to go and look at the actual manual itself, which I will
• 19:54
  bring up right here. Give me one second So 2% of K 10k, type two,
• 20:05
  so that's e. So I'm getting my part number here, I want four to
• 20:10
  20 milliamp This is universal, so two wire or three wire, and
• 20:14
  it also do zero to 10. If I didn't want the display, if I
• 20:18
  wanted to save money, I could do the X and not get the display. I
• 20:24
  verify that it's zero to 10, I verify that it's got
• 20:27
  temperature, I verify what I need for a power supply. If I'm
• 20:31
  going to do four to 20, I need a DC power supply. That's what I
• 20:35
  need. I go in here, verify my accuracy, okay. And everything
• 20:42
  looks good for what I need. And so now I've gone and I've
• 20:48
  figured out, alright, this is what I need based on that
• 20:52
  specification. So I hope at this point, you've seen me go and
• 20:57
  take what I know about my inputs, take what was in the
• 21:02
  specification, which I'm gonna bring up again, real quick. Here
• 21:07
  we go. Identify what I need. And you'll notice the sensor that I
• 21:14
  chose is not listed on here, but it says or equal. So that
• 21:19
  typically, not always, but typically, if it says or equal,
• 21:23
  that means that I can just substitute it in, I don't have
• 21:26
  to submit an ad alternate, I can typically just put that in some
• 21:34
  engineers of record or equal will mean they still want you to
• 21:38
  submit an ad alternate. So just your mileage will vary. Know
• 21:42
  your engineers know what they expect. This would be a good
• 21:46
  time, real quickly, though, to talk about two things. One, will
• 21:51
  be speaking at Niagara Summit. So if you're going to be at
• 21:54
  Niagara Summit, definitely stop in for our session on
• 21:58
  recruiting, training and retaining. So we're gonna have
• 22:03
  our director of business development, talk about our
• 22:06
  approach there as part of a panel. That will be on
• 22:10
  Wednesday, April 17, at 11am. And then we're also going to be
• 22:17
  doing an episode episode, a panel on cyber fluency for the
• 22:23
  OT environment. So we're going to be talking about
• 22:25
  cybersecurity specification, all of that will be on that panel as
• 22:29
  well. So I hope to see you there. And I'll share that one
• 22:34
  with your real quick cyber fluency. So I hope to see you
• 22:37
  all there. Let's get back to the PowerPoint. Here we go.
• 22:43
  And back to the PowerPoint. So logical inputs, there are two
• 22:47
  primary forms of logical inputs. And they go by many, many, many,
• 22:51
  many different names. Some folks, as you'll see here, call
• 22:55
  them Numerix and bullions, and strings, and E neumes. Some
• 23:00
  folks call them multistate, some folks just come straight up
• 23:03
  aisb, eyes, AOSP, vos, aviz, EVs, etc. For the sake of this
• 23:09
  presentation, and my sanity, we will focus quite simply on
• 23:15
  writable and non writable inputs. So writable inputs are
• 23:22
  inputs of which someone can write to the input, and this is
• 23:28
  where it gets a little muddy. I'll admit that, because you can
• 23:32
  have non writable inputs that are still writable. They're just
• 23:37
  not writable by the operator. So for example, I can go and add a
• 23:43
  numeric point but have it I can add a point. That's an AI, for
• 23:49
  example, by mapping it in, it is a logical point, it's writable,
• 23:54
  from the chiller that I'm integrating it from, because I'm
• 23:57
  mapping in the point, but it's not writable from the operator,
• 24:01
  so I can't override it. And I know some of you are going to be
• 24:03
  like, Well, Phil, there's a variety of ways you can override
• 24:09
  API's analog inputs, or binary inputs by bringing them out of
• 24:14
  service. You are correct. But I would argue that that's for
• 24:18
  testing, because technically, when it's out of service, it
• 24:22
  should be out of service and no longer readable by the controls
• 24:25
  program. But that's, you know, nuanced. Then there are writable
• 24:30
  files and the reason these are writable is because they have a
• 24:33
  priority array a priori array is a more advanced concept that
• 24:37
  we'll get into, when we start to talk about BACnet. Although the
• 24:41
  priority array is not necessarily a BACnet construct
• 24:45
  all it is is a multi point array of which the highest number of
• 24:50
  inputs 16 is of the least importance and input one is of
• 24:54
  the most importance. Some folks do a zero to 15 Priority array I
• 24:59
  primarily though See a priority array of one to 16. So 16 is
• 25:05
  typically is how it goes, typically is 16 is global 15 is
• 25:14
  local 14 is local operator. And then eight is operator override.
• 25:20
  And one is like emergency override. So there's some kind
• 25:24
  of standards behind what should be what. But, you know, the most
• 25:29
  common standards are just 16, and eight. Now, here's the
• 25:33
  difference. Or here's the important part of this, if
• 25:37
  you're going and I've discussed this ad nauseam, for those of
• 25:40
  you who have listened to our podcasts in the past, if you're
• 25:44
  doing an integration, a BACnet integration, and you map in an
• 25:48
  analog input, an analog input, or binary input, or a multi
• 25:53
  state input, and its zone temperature, or its chilled
• 25:58
  water temperature, you map that point in, I've seen a lot of
• 26:01
  people map those in and think that they should be able to
• 26:04
  command them. Those are not writable. They're not logical,
• 26:08
  they're not variables that are controllable. And so if you map
• 26:12
  in those inputs, you're not going to be able to edit them
• 26:16
  inputs are typically logical inputs are non writable. And
• 26:21
  they're for data reading purposes, only writable inputs,
• 26:26
  also known as variables, see here, analog variable, or analog
• 26:31
  value, or numeric writable. In Niagra, they basically all mean
• 26:36
  the same thing. They're just different systems, different
• 26:40
  naming structures, those have a priority array, and thus the
• 26:44
  writable. And a little bonus point, the objects that are
• 26:49
  known as outputs. So in Niagra, world, it would still be called
• 26:53
  a numeric writable. In other systems, it may be called an
• 26:57
  analog output. Or it may be called a voltage output. And
• 27:03
  those are actually writable. Because those typically have a
• 27:06
  writable array as well. All right. So there you have it in a
• 27:11
  nutshell, those are inputs, I started off this episode with
• 27:16
  saying that you'd be able to describe the common types of
• 27:18
  inputs. So you should be able to describe that there are physical
• 27:22
  and logical inputs, that they're resistive voltage, current
• 27:25
  contact impulse inputs, and you should understand why and how
• 27:30
  and when you use those, even if you don't understand exactly how
• 27:34
  to implement them, you should also understand that there are
• 27:37
  logical inputs, and that those logical inputs are either
• 27:42
  writable or non writable. And that the writable inputs,
• 27:47
  they're writable, because they have a priority array. So there
• 27:50
  you have it, folks. If you haven't, definitely go and check
• 27:55
  out the rest of our podcast episodes at YouTube. If you want
• 27:57
  to be like Thomas, and become a member, we greatly appreciate
• 28:01
  that it supports the podcast that we deliver to you every
• 28:04
  week, I will also say everything will be available, eventually,
• 28:09
  at pockets that smart buildings academy.com, four slash 460. My
• 28:13
  goal is to get all three of those episodes up this week,
• 28:17
  because I know we're still waiting on 458 and 459 to get
• 28:21
  uploaded to the website that's on me. And definitely, if you
• 28:26
  found value in this, please consider sharing it on your
• 28:29
  Facebook or LinkedIn by hitting the Share button tagging at
• 28:32
  smart buildings Academy, or going to Apple podcasts or
• 28:35
  Spotify, leaving us a five star review or going to YouTube and
• 28:38
  subscribing. Definitely appreciate all of you so very
• 28:42
  much. Next Wednesday, we're going to be diving into physical
• 28:45
  outputs. And then after that, it's going to be a recorded one
• 28:50
  because I'm going to be at Niagara summit, but we're going
• 28:53
  to be talking through controller types. We're gonna talk through
• 28:56
  application specific versus free programmable controllers. And
• 29:00
  we're going to get a little into BTL classifications of
• 29:04
  controllers. And we're going to talk through that. And then
• 29:08
  we're going to go through the week after communication buses,
• 29:12
  the week after that, we're going to go through router slash
• 29:14
  supervisors. And then we're going to go through servers, and
• 29:17
  that should take us through the four tiers of the BAS
• 29:19
  architecture. And then we're going to move into h fac, I
• 29:23
  think maybe electrical. So it's either gonna move into h fac, or
• 29:28
  elect, then electrical or electrical and HVAC. It just
• 29:31
  depends on the questions I get. I'm going to pause here. Any
• 29:33
  questions you all have. I'm an open book. I really appreciate
• 29:37
  you all being here. And I will answer any questions you all
• 29:41
  have. Just feel free to ask and I would be more than happy to
• 29:47
  answer whatever questions you all got. And with that being
• 29:50
  said, let me stop sharing that. And let me see what questions we
• 29:57
  have in the chat. I hope you all are finding these valuable. I
• 30:03
  know it's a little basic. And I know I'm starting off at a
• 30:06
  pretty simplistic point. My goal is that by the end of this
• 30:12
  series, which I envisioned taking about three to four
• 30:16
  months to get through, so about 1216 ish episodes, there should
• 30:23
  be a solid foundation that I'll then put into a playlist that
• 30:26
  you all can go and share amongst yourself. And hopefully, it just
• 30:31
  really helps upskill the folks who are trying to learn this, I
• 30:36
  also plan on doing some YouTube shorts that I'm going to talk
• 30:41
  through the industry, just why I believe young people should join
• 30:44
  this industry. The benefits of that. Let me see if there's any
• 30:48
  questions on LinkedIn. No. I know LinkedIn is kind of funky
• 30:53
  sometimes. And sometimes the questions sneak outside of that.
• 31:01
  No, okay. They're not there. YouTube, not seeing any
• 31:05
  questions there. So we're good. All right. Well, hey, folks,
• 31:09
  everyone, I appreciate you. I will see you on Monday. I
• 31:14
  honestly don't know what episode we're going to cover on Monday.
• 31:17
  I'm kinda torn between where we're gonna go with that. But
• 31:20
  for sure, Wednesday, we're going to be talking about outputs. If
• 31:24
  y'all need anything, hit us up on LinkedIn, hit us up on our
• 31:27
  website. And I hope to see you all at night or Summit. Thanks
• 31:31
  so much. Take care