Latest / Politix / Forget It Jake, It's Shutdown Town
Transcript
- 0:00The content of the segment just continued to be Chuck Schumer
- 0:03is a huge lame ass.
- 0:05SPEAKER_01: Well, he is.
- 0:12Hey everyone,
- 0:12you're listening to a free preview of the Politics Podcast.
- 0:15SPEAKER_00: As anticipated in last week's episode,
- 0:18SPEAKER_00: the government did indeed shut down,
- 0:19SPEAKER_00: and as of this recording,
- 0:21SPEAKER_00: we remain at an impasse.
- 0:23SPEAKER_00: At the same time,
- 0:24Donald Trump and Stephen Miller are trying harder than ever to
- 0:28foment street
- 0:28SPEAKER_00: violence in blue cities and maybe even martial law.
- 0:33SPEAKER_00: So we'll talk about the weird beltway rules of government shutdowns,
- 0:37SPEAKER_00: the ways this one might end,
- 0:39and the jarring contrast between the terms of the shutdown
- 0:42fight and the Trump
- 0:43SPEAKER_00: administration's actual conduct in the streets.
- 0:46SPEAKER_00: If you want to hear the whole conversation,
- 0:47SPEAKER_00: you can upgrade your subscription to paid at politics.fm.
- 0:55SPEAKER_00: Hey, everyone.
- 0:56SPEAKER_00: Welcome to the Politics Podcast.
- 0:57SPEAKER_00: I'm Brian Boitler.
- 0:58SPEAKER_00: I'm Matthew Glacius.
- 1:00So we are on Ghislaine Maxwell pardon watch,
- 1:04which is a strange set of words to say in a row.
- 1:07SPEAKER_00: And also,
- 1:08I think will turn out to be strangely relevant to our seemingly
- 1:11unrelated topic of
- 1:12SPEAKER_00: why Republicans might lose the government shutdown.
- 1:17But do you want to talk about the Epstein connection to this
- 1:20stuff at the top?
- 1:21SPEAKER_00: Or do you want to
- 1:23SPEAKER_00: Is that like candy for later?
- 1:25SPEAKER_01: Well, I mean, I think it's worth flagging.
- 1:27SPEAKER_01: I mean, just because it connects in a sort of narrow, tactical way.
- 1:30SPEAKER_01: So,
- 1:31SPEAKER_01: I mean,
- 1:31I would say that one thing about the shutdown is that Democrats
- 1:36who I know a week
- 1:38SPEAKER_01: ago were committed to shutting down the government.
- 1:42SPEAKER_01: or rather were committed to a strategy- Allowing a shutdown ahead.
- 1:47SPEAKER_01: They all believed the shutdown was going to happen.
- 1:50SPEAKER_01: They were not prepared to break with leadership or anything like that,
- 1:54SPEAKER_01: but they did not have a lot of confidence in the strategy.
- 1:58SPEAKER_01: They saw it as more something that had been forced upon them by various
- 2:04SPEAKER_01: circumstances and that they were going along with.
- 2:07A week in,
- 2:08they feel like it's going a lot better than they expected and
- 2:13that that's good.
- 2:16SPEAKER_01: One reason that it's going relatively well for them,
- 2:19SPEAKER_01: not the only reason,
- 2:20but one reason is that they have – Senate Democrats have not
- 2:23been jammed up with a
- 2:25SPEAKER_01: bunch of message votes.
- 2:27SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
- 2:28So that there's not like a bill on the floor that's like the
- 2:31Pay the Troops Act of
- 2:33SPEAKER_01: 2025,
- 2:34guaranteeing that the troops will get paid for the duration of
- 2:37the shutdown.
- 2:37And like one thing you can do when you control the floor is you
- 2:40can just spin up
- 2:42like any number of votes that are meant to be like tough for
- 2:46your opponents.
- 2:48And so one reason that Republicans haven't done that is that
- 2:53the House is out of session.
- 2:55SPEAKER_01: The House passed their, you know, clean CR and left town.
- 3:02SPEAKER_01: And one reason they left town was like shutdown maneuvering.
- 3:07But one reason they left town is that they are refusing to seat
- 3:12Adelita Grijalva,
- 3:14SPEAKER_01: who won a special election.
- 3:17SPEAKER_01: And,
- 3:17SPEAKER_01: you know,
- 3:17SPEAKER_01: they're not like refusing to seat her in a like,
- 3:20SPEAKER_01: this is a dictatorship now kind of way.
- 3:22SPEAKER_01: They're just saying the House is out of session,
- 3:25SPEAKER_01: so she can't be seated until we come back into session.
- 3:28SPEAKER_01: If they come back into session,
- 3:30she will be seated and the Epstein discharge position will get
- 3:34over 218 votes,
- 3:36SPEAKER_01: right?
- 3:37SPEAKER_01: So if Senate Republicans put a message bill on the floor,
- 3:44they're always running the risk that like Democrats will defect
- 3:48and actually vote
- 3:49SPEAKER_01: for the Republican message bill.
- 3:52SPEAKER_01: in which case it gets kicked to the House.
- 3:55SPEAKER_01: And now the Republicans are jamming themselves up, right?
- 3:58SPEAKER_01: Because it would be actually not Democrats,
- 4:00but House Republicans who are preventing the troops from
- 4:03getting paid or whatever
- 4:04SPEAKER_01: else.
- 4:04And the only way to get them paid would be to bring the House
- 4:08back into session and
- 4:09SPEAKER_01: pass the discharge petition.
- 4:13That's just like one small way in which the like Epstein blast
- 4:18radius is kind of
- 4:20SPEAKER_01: expanding and altering the tactical environment.
- 4:25I don't know if you watched this pool spray from the Oval
- 4:30Office yesterday.
- 4:31Caitlin Collins raised to Donald Trump the fact that the
- 4:36Supreme Court had denied
- 4:37SPEAKER_00: Jelaine Maxwell her...
- 4:39SPEAKER_00: Appeal.
- 4:40So basically she's going to serve out her term or she's going
- 4:43to get clemency from Trump.
- 4:45SPEAKER_00: And so Caitlin Collins asked her, are you considering a pardon for her?
- 4:51And Trump,
- 4:52he has like a few tells and one of his tells is like,
- 4:57oh,
- 4:58I haven't heard of that.
- 4:58SPEAKER_00: Is that can you tell me a little bit more about the details of that?
- 5:01SPEAKER_00: I don't know anything about it.
- 5:02SPEAKER_00: Like he's playing dumb,
- 5:03SPEAKER_00: but in this like over the top way where he in this case,
- 5:06SPEAKER_00: he was like,
- 5:06SPEAKER_00: oh,
- 5:06SPEAKER_00: I haven't heard that name in so long.
- 5:08And it was literally like three weeks ago or four weeks ago
- 5:11that he sent his deputy
- 5:12SPEAKER_00: attorney general to.
- 5:13Like interview her in prison and set her up with a cushy club
- 5:18fed minimum security
- 5:20SPEAKER_00: prison situation.
- 5:22So like it's clearly already on his mind and this is his way of
- 5:25trying not to let on that.
- 5:28He's thinking about this like,
- 5:29oh,
- 5:29I hadn't given it any thought,
- 5:31but of course he had.
- 5:32SPEAKER_00: Um,
- 5:33SPEAKER_00: and,
- 5:34SPEAKER_00: uh,
- 5:34SPEAKER_00: and then Caitlin Collins is like,
- 5:35SPEAKER_00: but she's a,
- 5:37SPEAKER_00: she's a convicted child sex trafficker.
- 5:41SPEAKER_00: And he's like, I'll have to ask DOJ.
- 5:42SPEAKER_00: I'll have to ask DOJ.
- 5:43SPEAKER_00: Many people want pardons for me.
- 5:45Many people keep asking me for a part,
- 5:47pardons,
- 5:47including the one I call puff daddy.
- 5:50SPEAKER_00: Yes.
- 5:50SPEAKER_00: And so just like,
- 5:52what's happening in Donald Trump's head is this like registry
- 5:56of sex criminals that
- 5:57SPEAKER_00: he happens to be close with,
- 5:59SPEAKER_00: or he happens to see some political advantage in being close with.
- 6:03SPEAKER_00: And, and like they clearly occupy the same neuron and, and like,
- 6:10I don't know if it's just like he's out there trying to
- 6:12establish that it wouldn't
- 6:15SPEAKER_00: be such a strange thing for him to pardon Jelaine Maxwell.
- 6:19SPEAKER_00: Because look at all these other sex criminals I'm considering pardoning.
- 6:24SPEAKER_00: But it like...
- 6:25SPEAKER_00: It's weighing on him,
- 6:27and it seems like whatever deal was struck behind the scenes
- 6:33between Maxwell's
- 6:34SPEAKER_00: people,
- 6:35SPEAKER_00: Trump's people,
- 6:37it may not have been fully consummated with her just getting
- 6:41into this lower
- 6:42SPEAKER_00: security prison.
- 6:42SPEAKER_00: There may be more to come.
- 6:44And part of me thinks that if he's already in so deep that he's
- 6:51just in the Oval
- 6:52SPEAKER_00: Office talking about Maxwell,
- 6:54SPEAKER_00: why not –
- 6:55SPEAKER_00: Let the discharge petition get to 218.
- 6:58All that does is force a House vote on legislation to compel
- 7:04the release of the Epstein files.
- 7:06SPEAKER_00: But that could still die in the Senate.
- 7:09Trump could also ignore the law or come up with some dumb
- 7:15argument about how it
- 7:16SPEAKER_00: violates separation of powers and litigate it forever.
- 7:20SPEAKER_00: It's not like Republicans are...
- 7:26SPEAKER_00: By refusing to seat Grijalva,
- 7:28SPEAKER_00: like providing him much cover from his own very out in the open cover up.
- 7:33SPEAKER_01: No, I mean, it seems more like they're providing cover for themselves.
- 7:37SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I guess that's fair enough.
- 7:39SPEAKER_01: You know what I mean?
- 7:39SPEAKER_01: Because I think a bunch of House Republicans,
- 7:42SPEAKER_01: if the vote was held,
- 7:43SPEAKER_01: would feel pressure to vote for it.
- 7:46SPEAKER_01: And Trump doesn't want them to vote for it.
- 7:48SPEAKER_01: I mean, this is all like, to get closer to our main point, right?
- 7:53SPEAKER_01: Like, there are these conventions of Congress that
- 7:59SPEAKER_01: Right.
- 7:59SPEAKER_01: And like how Congress is covered and how Congress is understood.
- 8:05SPEAKER_01: That constitute like,
- 8:07SPEAKER_01: not like the rules of congressional procedure,
- 8:09SPEAKER_01: but the rules of like congressional discourse.
- 8:13So that it used to be considered that to vote for cloture on
- 8:19something and to vote
- 8:21SPEAKER_01: for final passage on something were distinct acts.
- 8:23SPEAKER_01: Right.
- 8:25SPEAKER_01: Yes.
- 8:25SPEAKER_01: Right?
- 8:26SPEAKER_01: And you could get covered that way.
- 8:28SPEAKER_01: And it was a shift in – not a shift in the Senate rules,
- 8:32SPEAKER_01: but a shift in the journalistic norms in the mid-aughts,
- 8:36SPEAKER_01: like at the very start of our careers.
- 8:38The journalistic norms shifted so that like if you opposed
- 8:42something as a senator,
- 8:44SPEAKER_01: you were expected to filibuster it.
- 8:46SPEAKER_00: Well,
- 8:47SPEAKER_00: I feel like what happened,
- 8:48SPEAKER_00: I think,
- 8:49really is that Mitch McConnell in particular changed the norms
- 8:52around filibustering
- 8:54SPEAKER_00: to make it the expectation as opposed to the exception.
- 8:57SPEAKER_00: And over time, the- Yes, yes.
- 9:00SPEAKER_01: But I mean, it shifted.
- 9:02The shift in McConnell's practice and the shift in the coverage
- 9:05practice sort of
- 9:06SPEAKER_01: like moved in tandem a little bit,
- 9:08SPEAKER_01: right?
- 9:08SPEAKER_01: To the point where like, by the time, anyway-
- 9:14SPEAKER_01: Discharge petitions are not covered that way.
- 9:18SPEAKER_01: You know what I mean?
- 9:19It is considered totally acceptable as a frontline majority
- 9:26party member to be
- 9:28SPEAKER_01: like,
- 9:28SPEAKER_01: sure,
- 9:29SPEAKER_01: I'm for that.
- 9:30but it doesn't come up to the floor for a vote because the
- 9:35speaker isn't bringing
- 9:35SPEAKER_01: it to the floor.
- 9:36SPEAKER_01: And then people can ask you, well, will you sign the discharge position?
- 9:40SPEAKER_01: And if you're like, well, I don't know about that.
- 9:43Everybody agrees that to sign a discharge petition is like a
- 9:46major step that differs from like
- 9:50SPEAKER_01: merely favoring something, right?
- 9:52So you are allowed to exist in the state of quantum
- 9:56superposition that like most
- 9:58SPEAKER_01: House Republicans are in,
- 9:59SPEAKER_01: where they aren't signing the Epstein discharge position,
- 10:03SPEAKER_01: but that doesn't get covered as Representative Brosnahan is...
- 10:08SPEAKER_01: Brosnahan,
- 10:08SPEAKER_01: I'm forgetting his name,
- 10:09SPEAKER_01: Pennsylvania guy.
- 10:10SPEAKER_00: Brosnahan.
- 10:11SPEAKER_01: Yeah, is blocking the discharge petition.
- 10:14SPEAKER_01: But if it does come to the floor...
- 10:17SPEAKER_01: like his vote will be considered politically significant.
- 10:19SPEAKER_01: I do want to, I do want to just map.
- 10:21SPEAKER_00: I just want to break in here to like,
- 10:23to like distinguish for people between like campaign politics
- 10:29and the politics of
- 10:31SPEAKER_00: Congress as covered in newspapers,
- 10:33SPEAKER_00: because,
- 10:34SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 10:34SPEAKER_00: there's,
- 10:34there's a related convention where the minority party is
- 10:37essentially expected to
- 10:38SPEAKER_00: vote against house rules,
- 10:40SPEAKER_00: which like govern,
- 10:41SPEAKER_00: govern terms of debate,
- 10:42SPEAKER_00: debate over legislation.
- 10:43SPEAKER_00: And so,
- 10:44SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 10:45SPEAKER_00: when Republicans are in the minority,
- 10:47SPEAKER_00: they'll,
- 10:48SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 10:48SPEAKER_00: force a vote on a privileged motion to say,
- 10:53SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 10:54SPEAKER_00: apple pie is great or puppies are great or,
- 10:57SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 10:58SPEAKER_00: you're covering up the Epstein files,
- 11:00SPEAKER_00: not us.
- 11:01SPEAKER_00: And it is incumbent on the majority party to vote down these motions,
- 11:08SPEAKER_00: right,
- 11:08SPEAKER_00: so that they could get to the bill that they actually want to talk about.
- 11:11SPEAKER_00: And
- 11:12SPEAKER_00: In the press, you know, the reporters aren't fooled by this.
- 11:16So they don't write big screaming headlines about how Democrats
- 11:19voted for this,
- 11:20SPEAKER_00: Republicans voted for that.
- 11:21SPEAKER_00: They know that that's just underbrush that's being swept out.
- 11:24But then you get to election time and like those votes do end
- 11:28up being the like
- 11:29SPEAKER_00: subject of or the topic of campaign ads.
- 11:33SPEAKER_00: And it'll be the same thing with the discharge petition.
- 11:36SPEAKER_00: Like Bresnahan won't get a bad headline, but he will get ads about it.
- 11:40SPEAKER_01: Yes, he will.
- 11:41SPEAKER_01: But the headlines themselves matter, right?
- 11:44SPEAKER_00: Yes, I agree.
- 11:45SPEAKER_01: So because it... How do you put it?
- 11:48SPEAKER_01: Like...
- 11:50SPEAKER_01: Ads always matter.
- 11:51SPEAKER_01: You always want to run ads.
- 11:52SPEAKER_01: But ads that reinforce things that were already in the news are worse.
- 11:57It would be good for Paige Cognetti if she could get a drumbeat
- 12:02of stories about
- 12:03SPEAKER_01: how Brestahan is not releasing the Epstein files.
- 12:07SPEAKER_01: But it's hard, right?
- 12:09SPEAKER_01: Because as long as the discharge petition doesn't pass,
- 12:13SPEAKER_01: you can just kind of duck it and be neither here nor there.
- 12:16Anyway,
- 12:17all this stuff is like a little,
- 12:19as you say,
- 12:19like,
- 12:19it's arbitrary.
- 12:20SPEAKER_01: Like,
- 12:20SPEAKER_01: there was a time where you could,
- 12:24SPEAKER_01: and like in 2003,
- 12:26SPEAKER_01: right when I started,
- 12:27SPEAKER_01: there was a Medicare bill,
- 12:32SPEAKER_01: the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003.
- 12:34SPEAKER_01: And...
- 12:38There were a number of Senate Democrats who didn't want to vote
- 12:42for it for various
- 12:44SPEAKER_01: reasons,
- 12:45SPEAKER_01: but also didn't want to block it.
- 12:47And so they voted for cloture on the conference committee
- 12:50report,
- 12:51and it then passed,
- 12:53right?
- 12:55SPEAKER_01: And,
- 12:56SPEAKER_01: you know,
- 12:57SPEAKER_01: like,
- 12:59SPEAKER_01: it was covered as like a narrow Senate,
- 13:02SPEAKER_01: narrow,
- 13:03SPEAKER_01: highly partisan Senate vote.
- 13:05SPEAKER_01: Like,
- 13:05SPEAKER_01: which it was,
- 13:06but it's just like it wasn't covered as like actually 13 Senate
- 13:10Democrats voted for
- 13:11cloture on this because they wanted to shuffle it off the table
- 13:14and just like move
- 13:15SPEAKER_01: on to other things.
- 13:16SPEAKER_01: But that switched, you know, by 2009 or really even 2007.
- 13:21SPEAKER_01: You couldn't pull that kind of stuff.
- 13:25Anyway,
- 13:25I mean,
- 13:26this was a little bit on my mind because like part of shutdown
- 13:30politics is
- 13:32SPEAKER_01: slash media,
- 13:33is that the press takes a very literal view of the
- 13:39chronological mechanics of what
- 13:42SPEAKER_01: goes on.
- 13:43SPEAKER_01: And so, you know, you have...
- 13:47SPEAKER_01: I'm using Jake Sherman here as like metonymy for the congressional,
- 13:51SPEAKER_01: for like the congressional press corps generally,
- 13:54SPEAKER_01: which again,
- 13:55SPEAKER_01: to be clear,
- 13:55SPEAKER_01: this is like a small,
- 13:57everybody who covers politics writes about what happens in
- 14:00Congress because that's
- 14:02SPEAKER_01: an important part of politics.
- 14:04SPEAKER_01: But like there's a kind of small issue
- 14:07SPEAKER_01: fairly insular community of people who like do the Congress beat day in,
- 14:12SPEAKER_01: day out,
- 14:13are widely read on the Hill and then are widely read by
- 14:16colleagues who sometimes
- 14:17SPEAKER_01: need to mention what's on the Hill.
- 14:19SPEAKER_01: And like Axios,
- 14:22SPEAKER_01: Politico,
- 14:23SPEAKER_01: formerly The Hill,
- 14:24SPEAKER_01: Roll Call,
- 14:25SPEAKER_01: and now Punchbowl,
- 14:27SPEAKER_01: you know,
- 14:27SPEAKER_01: are very sort of big,
- 14:29SPEAKER_01: important,
- 14:30SPEAKER_01: you know,
- 14:30SPEAKER_01: influential voices in this.
- 14:33SPEAKER_01: And
- 14:34SPEAKER_01: To those kind of people,
- 14:37the fact that House Republicans passed this CR on a narrow
- 14:42party line vote,
- 14:44SPEAKER_01: and it did pass,
- 14:46SPEAKER_01: so to speak,
- 14:47SPEAKER_01: makes all the difference.
- 14:48Because the House having passed it means that now the Senate
- 14:53could just pass it.
- 14:56SPEAKER_01: and the Senate isn't passing it because Democrats won't vote for cloture,
- 15:00SPEAKER_01: versus if the Freedom Caucus,
- 15:02SPEAKER_01: the Freedom Caucus used to object to CRs.
- 15:06SPEAKER_01: They just wouldn't vote for bills that didn't include funding cuts.
- 15:11SPEAKER_01: And if that was still the case today,
- 15:13if the Freedom Caucus was preventing Republicans from passing a
- 15:17CR on a party-line
- 15:18SPEAKER_01: vote,
- 15:20SPEAKER_01: then the coverage from that quarter would be totally different.
- 15:24SPEAKER_01: They'd be saying,
- 15:26SPEAKER_01: Republicans don't have the votes for their own CR.
- 15:29SPEAKER_01: They've got to come hat in hand to Chuck Schumer, right?
- 15:33Now,
- 15:34they need to come hat in hand to Chuck Schumer to pass in the
- 15:36Senate anyway.
- 15:37So it doesn't like mathematically make a difference that they
- 15:41passed it in the House.
- 15:43But it's like seen like metaphysically as like radically
- 15:47altering the situation
- 15:49from one in which like Republicans are behind the eight ball to
- 15:52one in which
- 15:53SPEAKER_01: Democrats are behind the eight ball.
- 15:55SPEAKER_01: It doesn't – to me,
- 15:57it's not even like a partisan thing because I think this has
- 15:59often been actually
- 16:01SPEAKER_01: wielded against Republicans in an unfair way.
- 16:04Like Freedom Caucus troublemakers being troublemakers was seen
- 16:07as like completely –
- 16:09SPEAKER_01: transforming the universe,
- 16:11SPEAKER_01: but they're now not being troublemakers,
- 16:13SPEAKER_01: which has led...
- 16:15SPEAKER_01: I mean,
- 16:15SPEAKER_01: I think Jake specifically,
- 16:17SPEAKER_01: but others in the congressional press corps to be like,
- 16:20SPEAKER_01: this...
- 16:21SPEAKER_01: Trump is right.
- 16:22SPEAKER_01: Like, this is the Schumer shutdown.
- 16:23SPEAKER_01: He shut it down.
- 16:25SPEAKER_01: When it's like... I mean...
- 16:28SPEAKER_01: It is and it isn't.
- 16:29SPEAKER_01: It's just like the math is you need 60 votes in the Senate.
- 16:33SPEAKER_01: Republicans have changed the filibuster rule all the time and they could,
- 16:36SPEAKER_01: but like they don't want it.
- 16:37SPEAKER_00: I feel like you using Jake as a metonym is in some informal way,
- 16:43crowning him as like dean of the congressional newsletter
- 16:46writing press corps
- 16:48SPEAKER_00: agenda setting when the morning crew.
- 16:51SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
- 16:52SPEAKER_00: And like, honestly, like he earned it.
- 16:54SPEAKER_00: He hustles.
- 16:54SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
- 16:56SPEAKER_00: Right.
- 16:56SPEAKER_01: I mean, if I want to know what's up in Congress, that is who I read.
- 17:01SPEAKER_01: I don't always agree with the analysis, but he earned it.
- 17:05SPEAKER_00: Can I offer a limited defense of the practice?
- 17:08SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
- 17:09SPEAKER_00: Because I do think, as you say, it's very literal minded, but I do think
- 17:15that it's fairly defensible,
- 17:17at least as applied to shutdowns in the post-McConnell era,
- 17:21right?
- 17:21SPEAKER_00: Because,
- 17:22SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 17:23SPEAKER_00: to take this back a second,
- 17:25SPEAKER_00: it used to be that the filibuster was considered the exception.
- 17:28SPEAKER_00: McConnell turned it into the rule,
- 17:29SPEAKER_00: and shortly after he turned it into the rule,
- 17:31SPEAKER_00: institutional memory faded,
- 17:33and suddenly you were getting write-ups in the New York Times
- 17:38about the failure of
- 17:39SPEAKER_00: this Democratic bill or the other,
- 17:41SPEAKER_00: that,
- 17:41SPEAKER_00: like,
- 17:41SPEAKER_00: Congress...
- 17:43SPEAKER_00: Fails to pass X.
- 17:44And we would get upset by that because we knew the truth was
- 17:48that Republicans
- 17:48SPEAKER_00: filibustered X.
- 17:50SPEAKER_00: And we wanted accountability to point in the direction of the votes.
- 17:53SPEAKER_00: And I still want that, right?
- 17:54Like I still think that that's the correct way to understand
- 17:58why things do or don't
- 17:59SPEAKER_00: pass under the rules and norms as they exist today.
- 18:03SPEAKER_00: So with that backdrop,
- 18:05SPEAKER_00: right,
- 18:06if you were to drop a alien mathematician or a political
- 18:11scientist or ethicist
- 18:13SPEAKER_00: blind into the U.S.
- 18:15appropriations process in 2025 and tell them,
- 18:19you know,
- 18:19the reality is that
- 18:21Politics here are polarized and that means the government shuts
- 18:25down every few years.
- 18:27SPEAKER_00: I think that,
- 18:27SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 18:28SPEAKER_00: a reasonably fair minded analyst like that would come up with something
- 18:34SPEAKER_00: approximating the Jake Sherman rules.
- 18:36SPEAKER_00: Right.
- 18:37And it's like if there's an impasse over funding the
- 18:41government,
- 18:42then the neutral next move.
- 18:45is that the parties should just agree to extend the existing
- 18:48budget for as long as
- 18:49SPEAKER_00: it takes to resolve differences.
- 18:51SPEAKER_00: Nobody's ox gets gored.
- 18:53That's like what you would expect if you wanted continuity of
- 18:57government without
- 18:58SPEAKER_00: anyone having to eat shit.
- 19:01SPEAKER_00: And if at that point one party or another says,
- 19:04SPEAKER_00: no,
- 19:04SPEAKER_00: we're not signing up on that,
- 19:06whether it's the Freedom Caucus or the decisive votes on the
- 19:11filibuster in the
- 19:12SPEAKER_00: Senate,
- 19:13SPEAKER_00: like we're not playing ball unless we get something partisan out of it,
- 19:17SPEAKER_00: then –
- 19:18Our,
- 19:19you know,
- 19:19our alien observers would say that party is to blame for the
- 19:21shutdown.
- 19:22SPEAKER_00: And those are more or less,
- 19:23SPEAKER_00: I think,
- 19:24SPEAKER_00: the rules of Punchbowl or Axios or Politico when trying to meet,
- 19:30SPEAKER_00: trying to assess for readers who is,
- 19:34SPEAKER_00: whose actions most approximately are triggering the shutdown.
- 19:38SPEAKER_00: And so you have these reporters who would never like, who'd be very, uh,
- 19:44They would tread very lightly around questions of partisan
- 19:47blame or what's right or
- 19:49SPEAKER_00: what's wrong,
- 19:50SPEAKER_00: just outwardly saying Democrats caused the shutdown.
- 19:52And it's because they were the most proximate obstructive force
- 19:58to passing the
- 19:59SPEAKER_00: fair-minded clean CR,
- 20:01and it's because they have this other thing that they want the
- 20:03Republicans don't.
- 20:05SPEAKER_00: And I, like, I take your point that, like, there's more to the argument.
- 20:12SPEAKER_00: You could clap back at that with...
- 20:16SPEAKER_00: Well, Republicans could just abolish the filibuster.
- 20:19SPEAKER_00: Well, why have they never had to do that?
- 20:21SPEAKER_00: Well,
- 20:21because they've never been unilaterally reneging on these
- 20:25budget agreements,
- 20:26SPEAKER_00: but now they're doing that,
- 20:26SPEAKER_00: so we can't vote for it.
- 20:28SPEAKER_00: It's not the end of the line for that analysis,
- 20:30but for every past shutdown fight and up to this point in this
- 20:35shutdown fight,
- 20:36SPEAKER_00: I do think there's an internal logic to meting out blame in this way.
- 20:40SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I'm not even saying there isn't.
- 20:42SPEAKER_01: I mean, I just think it's important to—
- 20:45SPEAKER_01: Make it explicit to people.
- 20:47SPEAKER_01: Because I do think that part of this whole dynamic,
- 20:51SPEAKER_01: like amongst Democrats,
- 20:53SPEAKER_01: right,
- 20:53SPEAKER_01: is just that way back in March,
- 20:56like expectations for the appropriations process got really
- 21:01high at one point.
- 21:03And part of the reason expectations got high was that House
- 21:08Democrats believed that
- 21:11SPEAKER_01: right-wing rebels would sink down.
- 21:16SPEAKER_01: a Republican appropriations bill, right?
- 21:17Like that was the baseline scenario that they had was that in
- 21:22the House,
- 21:24right?
- 21:24SPEAKER_01: Mike Johnson,
- 21:25because remember like how difficult it was to elect Mike
- 21:28Johnson as Speaker in the
- 21:30SPEAKER_01: first place?
- 21:32SPEAKER_00: Well, it was Kevin McCarthy.
- 21:34I mean,
- 21:34the process by which Mike Johnson became Speaker was very
- 21:38fraught.
- 21:39SPEAKER_01: The House majority that was elected in 2024 was tiny.
- 21:43You know,
- 21:44and like does,
- 21:45unlike in the Senate,
- 21:46includes like plenty of vulnerable people.
- 21:49SPEAKER_01: And so there was this thought,
- 21:50SPEAKER_01: you know,
- 21:51SPEAKER_01: as Doge was like at its peak,
- 21:55SPEAKER_01: there was a big thought that,
- 21:56SPEAKER_01: look,
- 21:57SPEAKER_01: Republicans are going to do their normal thing.
- 22:00SPEAKER_01: And they're going to try to write a budget,
- 22:03SPEAKER_01: an appropriations bill that their frontliners are comfortable with.
- 22:08SPEAKER_01: And the Freedom Caucus won't go for it.
- 22:11SPEAKER_01: So they will be deadlocked.
- 22:13SPEAKER_01: So what will eventually happen is that the Senate,
- 22:16SPEAKER_01: which is more bipartisan and where Susan Collins leads the Appropriations
- 22:19SPEAKER_01: Committee,
- 22:20SPEAKER_01: will write a set of bipartisan appropriations.
- 22:23And then the House will have to swallow those appropriations
- 22:26because they can't
- 22:27SPEAKER_01: pass anything on party line vote.
- 22:30SPEAKER_01: That wound up not coming together.
- 22:32SPEAKER_01: You know what I mean?
- 22:33SPEAKER_01: But there was this big hope that without a shutdown,
- 22:37Democrats were going to be able to get a lot of what they
- 22:39wanted through the
- 22:40SPEAKER_01: appropriations process.
- 22:43And then when that didn't work out because the Freedom Caucus
- 22:47played ball,
- 22:50SPEAKER_01: things started to get tougher for Democrats, for Democratic leaders.
- 22:53SPEAKER_01: But then also,
- 22:55SPEAKER_01: one of the reasons the Freedom Caucus played ball,
- 22:58SPEAKER_01: I mean,
- 22:58one of the reasons was that Trump just kind of like cucked them
- 23:00a little bit.
- 23:01But one of the reasons is that Russ Vogt keeps telling them,
- 23:07like,
- 23:07be cool,
- 23:08guys.
- 23:09SPEAKER_01: Like, if we keep passing appropriations that you don't like,
- 23:14SPEAKER_01: rescissions and impoundment will generate budget cuts.
- 23:17SPEAKER_01: But if you demand budget cuts in the appropriations,
- 23:22the process is going to become bipartisan and we're going to
- 23:24have to swallow
- 23:26SPEAKER_01: controls on impoundment and rescission.
- 23:28SPEAKER_01: Right.
- 23:29SPEAKER_01: So like that's this like inner Congress game that has sort of
- 23:35SPEAKER_01: change the situation.
- 23:36SPEAKER_00: Well, it's changed.
- 23:37SPEAKER_00: It's definitely changed the politics in a way where I don't think,
- 23:39SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 23:40Russ vote or these freedom caucus members who agree to play
- 23:43ball or Jake Sherman or
- 23:45SPEAKER_00: this whole set of like congressional beat reporters,
- 23:49SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 23:49SPEAKER_00: they had the,
- 23:50SPEAKER_00: they had shared understanding of the rules of the,
- 23:56SPEAKER_00: of the appropriations process itself,
- 23:58SPEAKER_00: but also of,
- 23:58SPEAKER_00: of how the discourse then emanates from,
- 24:02SPEAKER_00: from the dynamics on the Hill.
- 24:03SPEAKER_00: What I think that they are bedeviled by now is that they,
- 24:08SPEAKER_00: and to some extent me,
- 24:09SPEAKER_00: but not,
- 24:10SPEAKER_00: not entirely took the logical leap that the,
- 24:13SPEAKER_00: the,
- 24:14The discourse around who's to blame for the shutdown that
- 24:17percolates in Washington
- 24:18carries over into public opinion and that whoever whoever is
- 24:22responsible for taking
- 24:24the hostage that causes the government shutdown is like will be
- 24:29blamed by the
- 24:30SPEAKER_00: public for the shutdown.
- 24:32And so the Freedom Caucus members thought that this was the
- 24:35best way to jam
- 24:35SPEAKER_00: Democrats vote,
- 24:37SPEAKER_00: thought this was the best way to jam Democrats.
- 24:39SPEAKER_00: Jake Sherman thought.
- 24:41SPEAKER_00: Democrats are going to be jammed by this and have decayed.
- 24:44SPEAKER_00: The public's going to blame them.
- 24:45And what we're actually seeing in the first week,
- 24:49at least,
- 24:49of public opinion polling...
- 24:51SPEAKER_00: Is that despite,
- 24:53SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 24:53being the hostage takers and being the proximate force for
- 24:56shutting down the
- 24:56SPEAKER_00: government,
- 24:57SPEAKER_00: the public's with Democrats in this one.
- 24:58SPEAKER_00: Like not overwhelmingly, but more so than they are with Republicans.
- 25:03SPEAKER_01: Right.
- 25:03SPEAKER_01: But just to press my argument,
- 25:06SPEAKER_01: though,
- 25:06SPEAKER_01: like I want congressional reporters to – since they believe –
- 25:14SPEAKER_01: that the Freedom Caucus playing ball is very important to like their own
- 25:20SPEAKER_01: description of the situation.
- 25:22SPEAKER_01: It is, if that is going to be your framing of it, right?
- 25:26That like these like 20 guys saying yes to a CR rather than no
- 25:33alters the situation.
- 25:35You have to incorporate your own understanding of why they are
- 25:40playing ball.
- 25:43And they are playing ball because they have been promised by
- 25:48Russ Vogt that Trump
- 25:50SPEAKER_01: will double-cross a deal.
- 25:53And I think that this will become significant down the road for
- 25:59reasons that we've
- 26:00SPEAKER_01: discussed in the past.
- 26:03SPEAKER_01: That you're going to end up with a question of,
- 26:07Trump seems more open to making concessions on the healthcare
- 26:13tax credits than to
- 26:15SPEAKER_01: making concessions on the rescissions point.
- 26:19SPEAKER_00: Or any presidential – any executive power like demand the Democrats.
- 26:24SPEAKER_01: Exactly.
- 26:24But I mean the rescission's point is I think particularly
- 26:27important because as
- 26:28SPEAKER_01: you've underscored of its direct germaneness,
- 26:31SPEAKER_01: right?
- 26:32And I just like – I want everybody to remember that the
- 26:36rescissions aren't just
- 26:37SPEAKER_01: like germane to appropriations.
- 26:39They're specifically germane to the question of why the Freedom
- 26:42Caucus is voting
- 26:43SPEAKER_01: for these bills.
- 26:44SPEAKER_00: And why Democrats in the Senate aren't.
- 26:46SPEAKER_00: Even if they say it's healthcare, it's really this other stuff.
- 26:48SPEAKER_01: Well, really, yes, really, no.
- 26:50SPEAKER_01: But like one way out of this conceivably,
- 26:54SPEAKER_01: I mean,
- 26:55SPEAKER_01: I don't think it's,
- 26:56SPEAKER_01: this is clearly not a way that Trump wants to take,
- 26:59SPEAKER_01: right?
- 26:59But just a verbal promise to not do rescissions and impoundment
- 27:07would be interesting.
- 27:10SPEAKER_01: You know what I mean?
- 27:10SPEAKER_01: Like if Trump wants to say, particularly for the purposes of his CR,
- 27:14SPEAKER_01: Like a short term.
- 27:16SPEAKER_01: If Trump wants to say,
- 27:18SPEAKER_01: look,
- 27:19SPEAKER_01: like,
- 27:20let's get the government reopened for seven weeks is what was
- 27:25on the table before.
- 27:26SPEAKER_01: Maybe it's two months, whatever it is, right?
- 27:28SPEAKER_01: Something that Trump wants to characterize as short term.
- 27:31SPEAKER_01: And he wants to say, look, I'm not going to give you anything.
- 27:35for the CR,
- 27:36but the point of the CR is to negotiate something on this
- 27:40healthcare stuff.
- 27:42SPEAKER_01: And then some people are going to say, but what about rescissions?
- 27:44SPEAKER_01: What about empowerment?
- 27:46And Trump,
- 27:46I think,
- 27:46could reasonably say there,
- 27:49look,
- 27:49I promise I won't do any of that stuff.
- 27:52SPEAKER_01: And then it's like, Trump's a huge liar.
- 27:54SPEAKER_01: He obviously might double cross.
- 27:57But if he promises to not do rescissions for the duration of a
- 28:02CR and then does
- 28:04SPEAKER_01: them,
- 28:05then like everybody I think has to concede that like now
- 28:08Democrats have a problem.
- 28:09SPEAKER_01: Like they can't keep voting for stuff where Trump is breaking his word.
- 28:13SPEAKER_01: Because again,
- 28:14just again to bring it back that like Trump has gotten Freedom
- 28:18Caucus votes based
- 28:20SPEAKER_01: on verbal promises to do rescissions.
- 28:24SPEAKER_01: You know what I mean?
- 28:24SPEAKER_01: And like that's a, you know,
- 28:28People make agreements all the time that have verbal side
- 28:34clauses that aren't in
- 28:35SPEAKER_01: the legislative text or in a legal contract.
- 28:38SPEAKER_01: We've all made deals with people that have informal aspects.
- 28:41Part of how the Inflation Reduction Act got done was that Joe
- 28:47Biden and Chuck
- 28:48Schumer made a verbal commitment to Joe Manchin to pursue a
- 28:54permitting reform that
- 28:55SPEAKER_01: couldn't be done in a reconciliation vehicle.
- 28:59And then like the question of how much they follow through on
- 29:03that then becomes
- 29:04SPEAKER_01: something that people argue about.
- 29:05SPEAKER_01: But like this is part of the process.
- 29:08SPEAKER_00: OK,
- 29:08here's a more on all fours example is that at the very
- 29:11beginning of that Congress
- 29:12SPEAKER_00: that ultimately yielded the Inflation Reduction Act,
- 29:16Mitch McConnell was like refusing to hand over control of the
- 29:19committees at the
- 29:20SPEAKER_00: very outset to Democrats,
- 29:21SPEAKER_00: even though they had won a majority.
- 29:24SPEAKER_00: which was very typical hardball for him.
- 29:28But the pretext for doing it was that I need to make sure that
- 29:36Democrats are going
- 29:37SPEAKER_00: to abolish the filibuster.
- 29:39And so what he got was a verbal promise from Kyrsten Sinema and
- 29:43Joe Manchin that
- 29:43SPEAKER_00: under no circumstances would they –
- 29:46SPEAKER_00: Invoke the nuclear option and get rid of the filibuster.
- 29:48SPEAKER_00: And they did it.
- 29:49SPEAKER_00: And the committees turned over and those two kept to their word.
- 29:54And the filibuster remains intact today on the basis of what
- 29:57was a verbal promise
- 29:58SPEAKER_00: made fucking four years ago.
- 30:01SPEAKER_00: I,
- 30:03SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 30:03my I there are indications that things are going like something
- 30:08like in that
- 30:08SPEAKER_00: direction.
- 30:10SPEAKER_00: You saw Mark Short,
- 30:11SPEAKER_00: who's,
- 30:12SPEAKER_00: I think,
- 30:14SPEAKER_00: actually on the outs with Trump,
- 30:15SPEAKER_00: but he's a very right-wing Republican operator.
- 30:18SPEAKER_00: And then Marjorie Taylor Greene,
- 30:20SPEAKER_00: who's very tight with Trump,
- 30:23are both basically intimating that Republicans should concede
- 30:30the healthcare
- 30:31SPEAKER_00: subsidies to Democrats,
- 30:33SPEAKER_00: get the government reopened that way.
- 30:35And my concern is going to shift if that,
- 30:39I mean,
- 30:40it's sort of what I was worried about.
- 30:41SPEAKER_01: Mark Short is very on the outs with the Trump White House.
- 30:44He's the- Because he testified with- He's the head of Mike
- 30:47Pence's little pack.
- 30:50But I don't want people to walk away with the idea that Mark
- 30:53Short is ideologically-
- 30:55SPEAKER_00: on a different page from like right wing Republicans in the house.
- 31:00Well,
- 31:00I would say he,
- 31:01he,
- 31:01he has a good relationship with lots of members of Congress.
- 31:04SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
- 31:06SPEAKER_00: And,
- 31:06SPEAKER_00: and he's not a squish,
- 31:07SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 31:07SPEAKER_00: he's not,
- 31:08SPEAKER_00: he's not like,
- 31:09SPEAKER_00: he doesn't have frontline member mindset about anything.
- 31:11SPEAKER_00: And,
- 31:13SPEAKER_00: you know,
- 31:13this is like I felt like the the one of the pitfalls of having
- 31:19a proxy fight over
- 31:20health care instead of the direct fight over the
- 31:22authoritarianism is that if they
- 31:24SPEAKER_00: do that,
- 31:25SPEAKER_00: let's say they do it exactly the way you describe is like,
- 31:28SPEAKER_00: OK,
- 31:28SPEAKER_00: we'll do a seven week CR.
- 31:30We'll use those seven weeks to hash out the the ACA subsidy
- 31:34extension issue.
- 31:36SPEAKER_00: But then we're going to have to do another vote for a full year budget.
- 31:40is will the Democratic leadership say,
- 31:43look,
- 31:43the base wanted us to pick a fight.
- 31:45SPEAKER_00: We did.
- 31:45SPEAKER_00: We're done.
- 31:47SPEAKER_00: And we won.
- 31:48And so now we can just pretend like nothing else is happening
- 31:51in the country and
- 31:52SPEAKER_00: pass a full year CR or a subset of individual appropriations bills.
- 31:58SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
- 32:02SPEAKER_00: I'm concerned that that's the choice that they would make,
- 32:06SPEAKER_00: which I think is like,
- 32:10it's going to become untenable for them again if like the
- 32:14situation on the ground
- 32:15SPEAKER_00: in places like Portland and Chicago doesn't cool off quickly.
- 32:19SPEAKER_01: But my,
- 32:20SPEAKER_01: I mean,
- 32:20SPEAKER_01: this,
- 32:21my concern about this whole shutdown strategy from the get-go
- 32:26has always been this,
- 32:29SPEAKER_01: though,
- 32:30SPEAKER_01: that like,
- 32:33I think that it has always been the case that Brian Boitler and
- 32:38Josh Marshall and
- 32:41Jon Favreau and Crooked Media and Chris Hayes and Rachel Maddow
- 32:46and MSNBC are like
- 32:48going to take the view that like Donald Trump is really bad and
- 32:53that what Trump is
- 32:55SPEAKER_01: doing is really bad and the Democrats need to fight it and defeat him.
- 33:01And that there is nothing that is winnable in a shutdown
- 33:09argument that will lead
- 33:13SPEAKER_01: anyone who has a resistance-minded audience...
- 33:19SPEAKER_01: to write a piece that's like,
- 33:22Chuck Schumer and Hakeem Jeffries really hit the ball out of
- 33:25the park on this one
- 33:27SPEAKER_01: and brought Trump to heel and now the MAGA threat is gone.
- 33:32Not because you guys are gonna be wrong that the MAGA threat
- 33:36isn't gone or that
- 33:37SPEAKER_01: Trump is really bad,
- 33:39SPEAKER_01: but just because it's actually not achievable through this mechanism.
- 33:46SPEAKER_01: Now, what is achievable?
- 33:48SPEAKER_01: potentially,
- 33:49is to maneuver into a situation where the government is
- 33:52reopened by nuking the
- 33:54SPEAKER_01: filibuster,
- 33:55SPEAKER_01: which allows Democrats to preserve their non-complicity.
- 34:00SPEAKER_01: Like I saw,
- 34:00SPEAKER_01: I saw Favreau doing,
- 34:02SPEAKER_01: you know,
- 34:02SPEAKER_01: he was like linking to some,
- 34:04SPEAKER_01: you know,
- 34:04SPEAKER_01: ICE outrage and it was Portland or Chicago or whatever.
- 34:07SPEAKER_01: And it was like,
- 34:08I would simply not fund a federal government that's trampling
- 34:11on Americans' rights,
- 34:12SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:12SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:12SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:13SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:13SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:13SPEAKER_01: blah.
- 34:13SPEAKER_01: And like, I also, to be clear, like, I agree with that.
- 34:16SPEAKER_01: I also would not fund that.
- 34:18SPEAKER_01: If I was a safe seat member, right?
- 34:22SPEAKER_01: Like,
- 34:22SPEAKER_01: I would say,
- 34:23SPEAKER_01: I think that Donald Trump is a clear and present danger to the American
- 34:31SPEAKER_01: constitutional order.
- 34:32SPEAKER_01: And I will not vote for appropriations for his goon squad,
- 34:37SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:37SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:38SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:38SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:38SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:38SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:39SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:39SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:39SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:39SPEAKER_01: blah,
- 34:39SPEAKER_01: blah.
- 34:40SPEAKER_01: And people would fucking love me.
- 34:42SPEAKER_01: You know what I mean?
- 34:42There would be all these tweets about like,
- 34:44yeah,
- 34:45Iglesias,
- 34:46like he's really got it.
- 34:47SPEAKER_01: Right.
- 34:48SPEAKER_01: And like I'd be a safe seat senator.
- 34:50SPEAKER_01: So who fucking cares?
- 34:52SPEAKER_01: You know what I mean?
- 34:52SPEAKER_01: And like the shutdown could go on.
- 34:54SPEAKER_01: And I'd say to people like fucking nuke the filibuster if you want to.
- 34:57SPEAKER_01: You know what I mean?
- 34:58SPEAKER_01: Like it's no it's no skin off my back.
- 35:00SPEAKER_01: And like it genuinely isn't like I could just say what I think.
- 35:03SPEAKER_01: And I agree with all you guys.
- 35:04SPEAKER_01: That is also what I think.
- 35:06SPEAKER_01: But I don't think that that is a tenable forever posture,
- 35:11SPEAKER_01: not just for frontline members who are under various pressures,
- 35:13SPEAKER_01: but like at a certain point,
- 35:16like federal employees in Maryland and Virginia are going to
- 35:19start being like,
- 35:19SPEAKER_01: hey,
- 35:20SPEAKER_01: guys,
- 35:20SPEAKER_01: like I'd like to get paid.
- 35:22SPEAKER_01: I'd like to have a job like my my family is starving.
- 35:27SPEAKER_01: I can't make payments on my mortgage.
- 35:28SPEAKER_01: You know what I mean?
- 35:29And so there's a big game going on,
- 35:31I think,
- 35:32not just in Congress,
- 35:34but like in the media.
- 35:36To just like be the guy who doesn't cave because it's
- 35:40predictable that like somebody will cave.
- 35:44SPEAKER_01: And I think that if Democrats get their health care win,
- 35:47SPEAKER_01: you know,
- 35:48SPEAKER_01: then it's like there's really a lot of pressure to be like,
- 35:52SPEAKER_01: let's cave now when we can spin it as having won something.
- 35:56rather than inevitably caving three months down the road and
- 35:59getting nothing.
- 36:01SPEAKER_01: And I just like,
- 36:01SPEAKER_01: I just want people to,
- 36:03SPEAKER_01: to know that,
- 36:04SPEAKER_01: that like,
- 36:04SPEAKER_01: that is the,
- 36:05SPEAKER_01: that is the situation.
- 36:06Like we're not going to have a government shutdown that
- 36:09persists through the midterms.
- 36:11SPEAKER_00: Okay.
- 36:11SPEAKER_00: Well, probably not.
- 36:13But I will,
- 36:14I will like address this challenge on the other side of the
- 36:16paywall.
- 36:17SPEAKER_00: If people want to hear me pick apart what Matt just said,
- 36:21SPEAKER_00: go to politics.fm and upgrade your subscription.