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25 - Garibaldi and the Making of Italy by George Macaulay Trevelyan · Garibaldi and the Making of Italy

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  Speaker 1: Appendix F of Garibaldi and the Making of Italy by
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  Speaker 1: George McCauley Trevellion. This LibriVox recording is in the public
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  Speaker 1: domain Battle of Mulotzo one. Here I give a list
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  Speaker 1: of the principal authorities which I have studied for this battle.
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  Speaker 1: In traversing this and all my other accounts of actions
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  Speaker 1: in the campaign. If critics find one or another of
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  Speaker 1: these authorities going counter to statements in the text, they
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  Speaker 1: must bear in mind that in points of military detail,
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  Speaker 1: even first had authorities and eye witnesses contradict each other
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  Speaker 1: not infrequently, and that therefore I have been forced, in
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  Speaker 1: collating the different accounts, to come to a separate conclusion
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  Speaker 1: on each incident, deciding in each several case in favor
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  Speaker 1: of one authority and against another, four reasons which it
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  Speaker 1: would take a separate volume to set out in full.
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  Speaker 1: In the general aspects of the strategy and tactics, there
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  Speaker 1: is much less difficulty, especially when the ground has been
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  Speaker 1: vised visited a Bourbon first hand authorities. The first of
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  Speaker 1: Bosco's long reports can be found in Kronaca two o
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  Speaker 1: seven to two oh nine. A second later one, originally
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  Speaker 1: printed in the Neapolitan Revista Militaire August eighteen sixty can
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  Speaker 1: be found reprinted in three places Palmetry page thirty and
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  Speaker 1: forty through forty six, Novo Messi twenty three to twenty five,
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  Speaker 1: and Costi Milano August twentieth to twenty first, eighteen sixty,
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  Speaker 1: translated back again from a French version. Zerili. Document five
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  Speaker 1: gives a letter from Bourbon officer Decevio Section three, pages
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  Speaker 1: three thirteen through three seventeen and Fronchi Section one, pages
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  Speaker 1: seventy three through seventy six are second hand drawn from
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  Speaker 1: Boscal's report b. Garibaldi in first hand. Authorities are Medici
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  Speaker 1: Times August fourth, eighteen sixty by Agia, the best authority
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  Speaker 1: on the topography, Zareli, Melozzo, miss Strali's Denen Castellini, Mario
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  Speaker 1: Mack and Red Shirt Gurtzoni Morning Post, August ninth, eighteen sixty,
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  Speaker 1: Milan Manuscript, Cosetse and Bruzzi and Bronsetti section one, page three,
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  Speaker 1: Nelson Manuscript in my Hands, Rome Manuscript, save Mencini, Paluichis,
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  Speaker 1: Correro Pairs Journal Manuscript and Cornhill, Brunazzio, Brondi, Juzzilli, Mariotti
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  Speaker 1: and Fauviele for Mancinini's defeat on left wing, Polsi durand
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  Speaker 1: Breaker Forbici. Magni Forbes arrived just after the battle, as
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  Speaker 1: did mister Dolmage, Mario and Piaggia Melozzo Compo. Page one
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  Speaker 1: thirty six through one thirty seven, and Boroni for Cortes
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  Speaker 1: gay Eta battalion I have also had the great advantage
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  Speaker 1: of conversations with Missouri, Cansio, Tadaldi and Scalvo, and my
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  Speaker 1: own countrymen Patterson and Dalmage. See APPENDIXY above on arms
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  Speaker 1: used in the battle. Good secondhand authorities are Valari cosp
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  Speaker 1: Tour's Division Rousto two. The numbers on both sides. In
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  Speaker 1: no case may the numbers be calculated from statements made
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  Speaker 1: by the opposite side. The Bourbon generals officially state that
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  Speaker 1: their force in Mulazzo at one hundred and twenty two
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  Speaker 1: officers and four thousand, five hundred and fourteen men. That
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  Speaker 1: was the total number of men against whom Garibaldi had
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  Speaker 1: to act, but of those, about one thousand were the
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  Speaker 1: normal garrison of Mulazzo Castle. The infantry of this garrison
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  Speaker 1: did not take part in the fighting outside the walls
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  Speaker 1: of the fortress on July twentieth, but lent one hundred
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  Speaker 1: men to help carry off the wounded. Bosco's expedition force,
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  Speaker 1: making up the rest of the four thousand, five hundred
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  Speaker 1: fourteen men and one hundred and twenty two officers, and
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  Speaker 1: therefore over rather than under three thousand, consisted of three
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  Speaker 1: battalions of gatchiatory, first, eighth, and ninth regiments, the cracked
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  Speaker 1: troops of the Neapolitan Army, together with a mountain battery
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  Speaker 1: of eight pieces and a squadron of cavalry. All arms
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  Speaker 1: were first rate troops and behaved well on July twentieth.
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  Speaker 1: If Bosco did not use all these troops of his
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  Speaker 1: own force, excluding the garrison, it was his own fault,
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  Speaker 1: and his statement that only sixteen hundred of them took
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  Speaker 1: part in the battle is equibble, for in the same
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  Speaker 1: sentence he admits that nine hundred more formed the reserve,
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  Speaker 1: and that some of these did actually fire a few shots. Also,
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  Speaker 1: in both his reports he complains that the reserve were
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  Speaker 1: sent into action too early by Lieutenant Colonel Mara, so
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  Speaker 1: that he had no reserve at the critical moment. Besides
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  Speaker 1: this reserve, he says that he also kept four hundred
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  Speaker 1: men on the peninsula behind the town. To sum up,
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  Speaker 1: Bosco admits that twenty five hundred men were under his
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  Speaker 1: orders in the plain in front of the castle, of
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  Speaker 1: which sixteen hundred were in the front line, and the
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  Speaker 1: remaining nine hundred the reserve, and that the reserve was
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  Speaker 1: all taken into action by Lieutenant Colonel Mara. Above. In
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  Speaker 1: the castle was a garrison of one thousand infantry and gunners,
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  Speaker 1: the latter fired effectively at the Garibaldini when they reached
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  Speaker 1: the bridge, and there were four hundred more caciatory in
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  Speaker 1: the peninsula not engaged. The Garibaldini, whom Bosco reported sometimes
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  Speaker 1: at eight sometimes at twelve thousand, did not on July
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  Speaker 1: twentieth reach more than fifty seven hundred at the highest
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  Speaker 1: serious estimate, and were probably nearer four thousand or five thousand.
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  Speaker 1: The best Garibaldian riders generally calculate the total as four
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  Speaker 1: thousand or as high as fifty five hundred or fifty
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  Speaker 1: seven hundred. It is impossible to tell which is nearest
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  Speaker 1: the truth, on account of the absence of any official statistics,
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  Speaker 1: and on account of the variety in the estimates made
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  Speaker 1: of the various bodies of irregulars from North Italy and Sicily,
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  Speaker 1: of which the army was composed. Each of these bodies
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  Speaker 1: was usually called a battalion, but no battalion contained over
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  Speaker 1: nine hundred men, and some were as low as three
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  Speaker 1: hundred or less. The following table, which mentions I believe
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  Speaker 1: every one of these bodies present at the Battle of Mulatto,
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  Speaker 1: will at least serve to show the difficulty of calculating
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  Speaker 1: the numbers of the Garibaldian army. From these lists, I
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  Speaker 1: should be inclined to place it somewhere between the two
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  Speaker 1: estimates of four thousand and fifty five hundred. Medici's force
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  Speaker 1: with which he left Palermo numbered eighteen hundred men. According
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  Speaker 1: to Medici, Dune Sicilians numbered six hundred species so called
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  Speaker 1: Salieri battalion, four hundred men, Genoesi Carabineirs eighty two or
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  Speaker 1: eighty five or one hundred fifty Cortes Gaieta battalion numbered
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  Speaker 1: five hundred men or six hundred According to Medici. Nine
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  Speaker 1: hundred was the number of the original expedition from Genoa
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  Speaker 1: captured at Gaieta, but some remained at Genoa after the
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  Speaker 1: return from Gaieta. Perd's company revolving rifles, too small ever
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  Speaker 1: to be called a battalion, was thirty according to Nelson's
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  Speaker 1: manuscript Sproviire's battalion three hundred or four hundred, Vacheries battalion
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  Speaker 1: three hundred, Borelli's and Montovani's half battalions Carrero Sicilians Courtzoni Sicilians.
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  Speaker 1: No estimate is anywhere given of the numbers of these
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  Speaker 1: four bodies, but they were spoken of as quite small.
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  Speaker 1: Corral's men fought hard and had no casualties in the battle.
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  Speaker 1: Besides these bodies engaged in the battle, there were fabri
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  Speaker 1: Casees three hundred Sicilians, who were not on the field
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  Speaker 1: at all, but were sent to guard the road from
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  Speaker 1: Messina against a possible attack by the fifth Cauciatori, who
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  Speaker 1: were occupying Jesso and Rizzo cavalry. Garibaldi had none. Bosco
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  Speaker 1: had a squadron who played an important part on both
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  Speaker 1: wings artillery against Bosco's mountain battery of eight pieces, all
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  Speaker 1: of which did great execution, and over forty pieces of
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  Speaker 1: different kinds mounted on the castle walls. Garibaldi had two
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  Speaker 1: ridiculous pieces dragged by hand which were brought into action
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  Speaker 1: late in the day on the bridge for a few
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  Speaker 1: minutes and withdrawn as useless, but the cannon on the
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  Speaker 1: tukari assisted him towards the close of the day. Three losses.
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  Speaker 1: There are no precise statistics, but the best informed Garibaldian
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  Speaker 1: authorities estimate their loss in killed and wounded on July
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  Speaker 1: twentieth at seven hundred and fifty or eight hundred Medici
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  Speaker 1: twenty nine, Misstrale's Diane six hundred and twenty two, Rousto
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  Speaker 1: two hundred nineteen. Peaggia fifty six calculates eight hundred and
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  Speaker 1: gives an interesting list of those tended. In Barcelona Times,
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  Speaker 1: August fourth page ten, column four, Bengini two hundred and
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  Speaker 1: twenty five. Kremona manuscript Cuirassi. The Neapolitan loss everyone agreed
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  Speaker 1: to have been much less. Bosco placed it as low
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  Speaker 1: as one hundred and sixteen killed and wounded, but Kronaca
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  Speaker 1: two hundred and eight he also mentions thirty one missing,
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  Speaker 1: besides a dozen more killed than wounded. It may be
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  Speaker 1: noted that the Gionnese Carabineers had forty four men killed
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  Speaker 1: or wounded in the battle out of a total of
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  Speaker 1: eighty five. Cortezgaieta Battalion lost fourteen or seventeen out of
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  Speaker 1: thirty or thirty two officers. End of Appendix F