Latest / Kenya Kronicles / How Missional Communities Are Changing the Church in Kenya | Pastor Justin Dean | Kenya Kronicles
Transcript
- Ken Peel: Hey, welcome to Kenya Kronicles. I'm Ken Peel. Thanks for joining us today. And also, of course, Pastor Joshua Ngao is here with us as well. And today's guest really has helped turn a vision for multiplying churches into real congregations and real community groups across Kenya, plus so much more. Pastor Justin Dean is the lead and founding pastor at Sacred City Church here in Davenport. And Justin holds a degree from Liberty University and many other degrees as well. And he's been one of the most influential partners of Fishers of Men over the years, helping plant churches and launch missional community groups and so much, much more. So Justin, thanks for joining us, brother. How are ya? Pastor Justin: My pleasure. Thanks for having me on. I'm doing well. Ken Peel: Yeah. Good to have you here. So I want to get some background first of all, a little bit about your church, about Sacred City Church. So tell us a little bit about it. How did it get started and and everything behind it? Pastor Justin: Sure. Well, I was a youth pastor. I'd been a youth pastor for about seven years, and I felt God call me to plan a church. And so then I became a resident, a church planning resident in Omaha, Nebraska. I was trained out there for a couple years and felt God's call to come back to the Quad Cities and start a gospel-centered missional church here in the Quad Cities. And so I did that 15 years ago with a handful of friends. We started it in my living room. We started it with this concept we call missional communities. some people call them house churches. they're kind of like small groups on steroids, you could say. We started Ken Peel: Yeah, yeah. Pastor Justin: with those and they multiplied. And then as they multiplied, we started a a Sunday at that time, it was a Sunday night gathering where we started preaching verse by verse through books of the Bible. And God has just continued to bless it and Here we are, 15 years later. We've got two churches, two sacred city churches in the Quad Cities, one in Bettendorf, Iowa, one in Moline. we minister to six hundred and fifty or so people every single week. And yeah, it's just been it's been an absolute blessing in my life and thankful to God Ken Peel: Yeah. Pastor Justin: for it. Ken Peel: Amen. Well, I know that you and your wife, yeah, you've got kids and you've got life that goes on as well with that. So how how does ministry work then for you and your family? Ha ha is that difficult or how's that work for you guys? Pastor Justin: well, it's it's just life. That's it's nothing we we don't really try to separate everything into, personal and ministry. we are all in one sense in the ministry. God's called us all to make disciples who make disciples, and so we're all invested in that. We're all invested in the church. And yeah, I have five kids and so from nineteen down to five years old and they're in school and they're in sports and they're in all the things. So we're just constantly on the go, basically. yeah, but it's it's just this is how we do life and we're we're we're just disciples wherever we go. So that's Ken Peel: That's exciting. Pastor Justin: yeah, we're not we're not trying to this is my work life, this is my ministry life. It's kind of all combined and my kids know that. So sometimes, nights I'll be gone. Joshua: Thanks Pastor Justin: I have elder meetings or I'm meeting with people and helping them through difficult situations or we've got funerals and weddings and all these different things and the kids just know it. And then when it's a slower season, w I can pull back and we we take extended vacations and we enjoy one another as as often as we can. Ken Peel: So let's jump into how you got involved with Fishers of Men Ministries So how did that come about? Pastor Justin: When I was a youth pastor, I had taken a missions trip to Costa Rica with some kids, and we'd met a guy who owned a coffee bean farm and a coffee shop, and he was claiming to have the best coffee in the world. And I loved coffee, and so I went and tried some of this coffee. I really did enjoy it. And so we started a non-profit. When we came back to the Quad Cities, we started a nonprofit coffee shop down in Rock Island. And I had, students from my ministry that that served there and worked there. And one day, and we served the coffee from Costa Rica. And then one day, Joshua was kind of in a discouraged mood, let's let's say he had some ministry wasn't going too well in Kenya at the time. He had a lot of orphans that he was trying to find placement for and trying to find resources to take care of them. He went down to this coffee shop. Met a few of my students. My students called me right away, says, You got to meet this guy. I came down, met with Joshua, and I think it was that night. that night we had youth group at the time we had several hundred kids in our youth ministry, and they were on fire for Jesus. And so I think I met Joshua that night. I went to our youth group and I said, Hey guys, met this guy, got this opportunity for us to make a difference. let's Let's sponsor some kids. And I think it was somewhere around thirty kids. He had thirty kids he needed sponsored at the time. And if my memory serves me correctly, through our youth ministry, we sponsored every single one of those kids. Ken Peel: Praise God. Pastor Justin: and s yeah, so that's Joshua: That's right. Pastor Justin: where I met Joshua and then our relationship just continued to develop from there. Again, that was probably like eighteen years ago, something around around there. And then ended up going over to Kenya with Joshua and drilling some wells and building building a church and doing some other things since then. Ken Peel: So Joshua, let's get your kind of perspective on that first meeting and how you got involved with Justin and his church and then ministry. So tell me the story from your perspective. Joshua: Yeah, so just like Pastor Justin said, I came to the office and I sat there and was looking at these pictures of children. I had tried, all the people that I knew. No child was being sponsored. I got so frustrated and mad. So I took off and drove across, and I did not know where I was driving. I drove across the river and I went to, I think it was either that street or so, or second street, and then I pulled at a coffee shop. I did not know it was a coffee shop. I saw that it was some building that was open. And then I found, when I found those young people who were there, and then some of them were very talkative, so they started asking me, what are you doing here? So I decided sharing my story, and you know how much I can share my story. I shared and shared. Ken Peel: Yeah, yes. Joshua: Justin says that I talk a lot. So I shared my story, and I did not know one of them was sitting right there typing exactly what I was saying. So when I finished my story, I think it was having coffee, and I clicked send, and I hear somebody calling Joshua, are you still there? said, I'm on my way. So Justin come and we, he say, we shared with him, he said, let's meet tonight. It was a Wednesday night. I went with all those kids. They were all sponsored, all of them, and even some of the sponsors are still sponsoring today, a kid who have gone all the way to college. So that was O seven is when I was God introduced Ken Peel: Definitely a divine appointment, that's for sure. So Justin, when you when you went to Kenya Pastor Justin: Mm-hmm. Ken Peel: for the very first time, what kind of surprised you and and got you further involved with the ministry? Pastor Justin: A lot surprised me. at the time it was not that safe of a place to visit. when I got there the first time, Joshua had arranged bodyguards to take care of us that had AK-47s. so Ken Peel: Yeah. Yes. Pastor Justin: that surprised me. And then I was in Nairobi that first night, I think, and on the news, some missionaries had been killed. And so Immediately I was, confronted with the reality that this is this is real deal mission work here and it's got real real life consequences. but then I mean there's there's so much in each area of Kenya is is a little different. but I was surprised by one, just how kind the people were, how loving the people were, and how open they were to hearing the gospel. there's a a lot of what we we would call pre evangelism has has taken place. They have a general sense of God and a general sense of who Jesus is and and they really want to know the Bible. they really want to know the gospel and they really want to obey the Lord. but there they just there hasn't been much teaching. And a lot of the teaching that has gone on is I mean, preaching a false gospel. a prosperity gospel or Ken Peel: Mm. Pastor Justin: a a bot one Bible verse here and there thrown into an hour long sermon and it's not the meat of the word. And so the people are really starving. They're starving for the word of God and they're and so that that's been that was s something. And then one of the things that really moved me was just honestly to see the level of leadership that Joshua provides in Kenya. the the amount of access that he's got with people in government and you know how the ministry is well respected. because I gotta from my on from my honest perspective, I get a lot of Facebook messages and emails from supposed pastors in Kenya and other places in Africa asking for money, saying they have a big ministry, saying all this kind of stuff. And so until I went to Kenya I have to be honest and say, I didn't trust Joshua. I I had I I was very suspicious of this this ministry. And then when I got over there and I met the people and I met the leaders and I met the people in government and I I saw the way Fishers of Men ministries is ran. man, I bought in and I saw the impact they were having and I said, okay, I want to put any influence I have, any resource ability, anything I've got, I wanna put it behind Fisher's of Men Ministries and I wanna see the gospel move forward in Kenya. Ken Peel: Yeah. Pastor Justin Dean is our guest on our podcast, Kenya Kronicles So Justin, I'm curious. So what was the next step? You got you said you sponsored the kids and you went to Kenya. So then what's the next level of involvement that you guys got involved with? Pastor Justin: Joshua would probably clear this up. He's got a much even though he's much older than me, he's got a much better memory, when it comes to these things. But I think the next thing we did was we needed we decided that we needed to drill a water well. And so we raised the funds here and drilled the water well. And and then I think right after that we we built a church. And then That's when I went over there, inspected the water well, inspected the church, got to open the church, have some the first services in the church. so that was what we did. Joshua, am I right there? I think that's what we did next. Joshua: Yeah, what we did is after we met and Justin got, just like almost everybody else, when you meet an African pastor, your thing is the news and what you have thought about how money is misused. So he went to Kenya to open that church that he had already raised money. that's O eight, and then that was O nine. He went and opened the church officially. And then immediately when he was there, the local people came and cried to him and said, yes, we have a church, but we are going 20 miles away from getting drinking water. So he came here, right away he started fundraising, and then we were able to do a water well. which we did in 2010, we were able to give the local community enough water for that. So that already happened. The meeting for the children's sponsorship, him going to Kenya, building the church, going to Kenya, and then he was able to do a water well. And then later now, It followed the rest of the story. Ken Peel: Yeah. So, Justin, after that initial visit to Kenya and then seeing the church and seeing the water well, and I know that you've been involved in in other areas as well. over in Kenya from your church in cooperation with Fisheries of Men Ministries. Talk a little bit about what's been going on and and how you've been involved 'cause you mentioned earlier, you wanted to get more involved all in and Pastor Justin: Mm-hmm. Ken Peel: Take advantage of what God's doing there. So talk a little bit about that. Pastor Justin: Yeah, so first my wife and I and my family, we've sponsored several children for the last eighteen years, all the way through college and then we started over and and continue to sponsor children. We sponsor I don't even know, Joshua would tell you over a hundred, I think, or right around a hundred, children from our Joshua: 112. Pastor Justin: a hundred and twelve children from our church. Joshua: Yeah. Pastor Justin: So we have Joshua come up and we have Our people sponsor children. We believe in it. but then, many years ago, my passion is church planting. And I think the number one to reach people, the number one way to change a city, change a nation is by planting more churches. And so I came to Joshua and I said, I want to get behind this the church planting arm of Fishers of Men Ministries. I want to help you recruit, train, assess, and then provide for and oversee pastors, right? The many ministries, most ministries are going to be limited by the amount and the quality of men that they can raise up and and send out. And so we have given three percent of our annual budget every single year since then targeting church planting. And so we're we're financially supporting Joshua were we're providing resources and then he's translating those resources into Swahili to educate the pastors and to equip the pastors. And then I don't was maybe 10 years ago or so. I can't remember, Joshua will tell you again. I went back over to Kenya this time to restructure the churches around what we call missional communities. to yeah, so Ken Peel: Yeah. Explain that a little bit to what to what somebody watching. Pastor Justin: Yeah, so Ephesians four says one of the jobs of a pastor is to equip the saints for the work of ministry. And many times ministry gets flipped upside down from that model, and it's the saints come to church to receive ministry from the pastor. And that's kind of it. And then you go on and you live your your normal life, and you don't, church doesn't really have anything to do with you six days a week. Well, that's not really the model that we see in the New Testament. You you look in the early chapters of Acts and you see the that they're they're devoted to the apostles teaching, they're enjoying fellowship with one another, they're sharing their meals and sharing their their resources with one another, taking care of one another, and God is adding to their numbers day by day those who are being saved. And so we think the missional community model is just a New Testament model of getting all of the body of Christ into the ministry. And so They look a little different in the States than they do in Kenya. here we've got, bigger houses and big living rooms, and I'm in a missional community, and we've got thirty people in my missional in our missional community. We're sitting in our living room and eating together on a weekly basis. But the principles are universal. And so we went over to to Kenya and we taught the people, we we on the east side and on the west side, what we call the story of God, which is just The message of the Bible in a story-formed way. So basically 12 chapters teaching people, know, from creation to fall to Joshua: you Pastor Justin: redemption to restoration, and how their normal life fits in the midst of all of that. they're their eating matters to God, and who they eat with matters to God, and the way they serve and who they serve matters to God, and the way they bless one another. So I c we taught them the normal rhythms of life, celebrating with one another. And all of these things are holy when we're we we when we are brought into Christ, our whole life becomes holy. And so you can make disciples in your everyday life, just eating meals with people and maybe serving one another and and teaching one another the scriptures and all of these different things. And I remember When I was describing this, this is the normal life of a Christian, and this is what God gives us the whole one of the reasons He gives us the Holy Spirit to make disciples who make disciples, and we're all meant to be disciple makers. And an older lady, she stood up and, Joshua had to interpret it for me, and it was like a light bulb came on, and she's like, I've been doing this. I I've been doing this ministry. And I was like, how? And she's like Basically her father had been sick and she'd been taking care of her father and she'd been providing for him and and cooking meals for him and and just, loving and serving him. And it was like this light bulb came on where she was like, like I'm already a disciple maker. Like I've already Ken Peel: Yeah. Pastor Justin: been doing this. And and then, Joshua: Yeah. Pastor Justin: you know, Ken the Kenyan culture, they they love to have meals, they love to celebrate, and You look at the gospels and Jesus is at wedding feasts and Jesus is reclining at supper and th the the disciples are eating together and he's teaching them in this in this way and it that it's the normal way of life. It doesn't, ministry doesn't have to and discipleship doesn't have to be Sunday centric. Sunday's important. The right worship of God is important. we want to take the sacraments together. That's all important and it's vital. But you the ministry you do six days a week. is important as well. And Ken Peel: Yeah. Pastor Justin: when we introduced this concept, it was just like the people were like, Now I know what I can do. I'm not a trained minister. I'm not a pastor, but I can see myself in the missional God, the story of God. I could see how God could use me to make disciples who make disciples and potentially, change Kenya. Ken Peel: Yeah. So it's you're chang you're helping to change people's lives in Kenya and raise up spiritual leaders and starting churches and missional community groups. But I'm curious, how has what you guys have been doing in Kenya reflected back on Sacred City Church back here at home? Has it made a difference, do you think? Pastor Justin: I think so. the the mission, we have a very localized mission here at Sacred City. We say things like we are trying to serve county over country. And that just means we want our people to put down roots right here and worship right here and invest right here, raise their kids right here, because we want to make a multi general j multi-generational impact in the quad cities. But when you look at the gospel, it was meant to go out from Jerusalem to Judea to Samaria to the ends of the earth. And and eventually that starts coming back, Africa was the, early seedbed of the gospel. And and then it many aspects of it have have moved on from Christianity and and then in other areas Christianity is gaining a foothold again and America was a Christian country and now America is losing its Christian influence. And so pretty soon I I could see, Africa sending missionaries to the Quad Cities, Africa sending missionaries to the United States of America if we don't change our ways and start worshiping Jesus again. But specifically how our work in Kenya has shaped Sacred City is it just gives us a global kind of a global worldview. It as we're working so hard in the quad cities, it's good to take our eyes off of what we're doing sometimes and see what's going around the globe. and so Kenya just provides encouragement to that. It enables our children to get involved in praying for the kids that we sponsor. And yeah, so I think that's been one of one of the ways that and Kenya's just always on my mind. It's just always on my mind. And, we're we're we've been talking about it for a while, but we're looking at planning a missions trip where our some people from our church go over to Kenya and actually get to, put boots on the ground and see it with their own eyes. Ken Peel: Yeah. I think that'll make a huge difference as it obviously did for you and for the people that you've been involved with as well. But Joshua, let me get your perspective as well on how before Justin came alongside fishes of men and then now how he's helped to plant churches and and start these missional community groups. How how from your perspective, how has that changed the ministry in Kenya? Joshua: Personally, as I said earlier, I started the ministry in 1994. And all those years I knew about the Crusades, where you go and you yell and preach to thousands of people and you start counting how many thousands of people have come to the Lord. And you don't have that number, you have it as a number, but how are they in gospel? When they come emotionally to say they have accepted the Lord, really do they mean that? So that was bothering me how it was going. And the same people that came to the Lord last year when I preach again, they start giving their lives again to the Lord. So it was almost like a joke. When Justin started Sacred City and we joined almost immediately, and because I knew him and I started seeing what they are doing, I saw about the missional communities and I saw how it evolved like... because the missional community is just not to go to eat. They care for each other. They worked together. People grow. And then I really wanted that. said, Justin, this is what I want. And so we started talking and got materials translated to Swahili. People started and Justin went there in 2016. it was able to go teach now a missional community is. And since just those kind of couple days that it was, used to, that's all what people took off from there. Now we have 22 missional communities in all the 11 churches. And right now they have been multiplying and multiplying. so it has meant churches not just to grow in number, but But now, even as our director has died, we have so many leaders who have been prepared because they been missional community leaders. Because with those missional community, they grow to a way that they can be able to do something. I can say that I personally, mentally, it has changed me what I thought preaching the gospel is. started seeing that there is a gospel-centered church or gospel-centered way of preaching that is different than just the normal preaching that people are doing in Kenya and even here in the United States, all around the world. Some of them is gospel that is how much money they will get, how rich they are just material kind of gospel. But what we are doing now is more missional to reach the people, for them to grow. And then we plant more churches. And that's our partnership with the Sacred City is going to work way better even now and in the future that we can also reach many people in Kenya and also change a lot of lives. or a lot of who are judges that are just doing nothing and there is no fruits. But us, or where we are, we can see the fruits of missional communities. So that's what it is right now. We have been changed and we feel that we are heading in right direction. Ken Peel: Yeah. So let's let's talk a little bit about that direction. So Justin, what does do you feel the Lord is leading you to do next in Kenya? and how to get I mean you mentioned trying to get a mission trip together and taking some people there, but do you feel a specific call or or is what's next for you guys in getting involved over there? Pastor Justin: I think what's next for us, it's it's not, it's just more of the same. It's the work of of recruiting and training men never ends. you see this all the all through the gospel that elders and pastors are to find honorable men. They're to entrust them with the scriptures, entrust them with oversight over a local congregation. And And then that man is supposed to take the gospel, start preaching the gospel, start making disciples, and start raising up other men. And so the I mean, really what's next is we need we need more resources translated into Swahili to train up these pastors. We need to create, a school of ministry over there, some kind of seminary, if you will. What makes it difficult is many of the of the people right now, they're they're uned uneducated. And so they need they need to be educated and they they need to be brought up. and we also need to the the students that we're graduating, the students that we're educating up with a Christian worldview, we need to capture some of those students. As right now, I think our principal was raised in our school, one of our, doctors was raised in our school. We also need more of our students coming through and coming back into the ministry, because they're already educated and they've already got a pretty good understanding of theology. And so we need them to move into some kind of Bible college, some kind of seminary to equip them to stay local, stay in their community, plant churches or or lead churches. because they're gonna be the most fruitful pastors, the ones that that understand the scriptures, they can rightly divide the word of truth, and they understand theology, and they can teach their people. that's so that so really the number one thing that that I want to see happen is I want to see more pastors raised up and more churches planted. Ken Peel: Amen. Amen. Joshua, I want to ask you real quick. We haven't really had a chance to to talk about this a lot, but you touched on it just briefly, and that is, of course, the loss of a a great leader for the ministry in Kenya, Pastor Kennedy. and you mentioned that you've been meeting with leaders that have been trained and raised up. So explain to our listeners and viewers what's what's next. i in Kenya w since this since this has happened to the ministry. Joshua: Yeah, God plans everything His own way. About two years ago, the Lord kind of quickened me for me to start preparing another leader. So I picked somebody and we have worked together. He knows what He's doing. And I have all the leaders together. And most of the leaders that we have are the people who have grown in the ministry. So I know them very very well and that's why, even the transition yesterday, I had an online meeting with all the pastors, video meeting, and all of them, and I was appointing new leaders and everybody was ready. Pastor Kennedy had even for the last two months, he had written what that is going to go and written what, know, and just about what he wanted or if there, he was proposing that, the transition should look like. So it was very easy and for us to be able because we are, these are people that we know and they are not just strangers like Justin was saying when you train people and you know what you have trained in and that's what we want to even intensively now try to look like and what Justin has said we have all these we have had 53 children who have graduated from college from our children who started 2001 So what it is, is just for us when they are picking what college they're going to do and some of them, actually one of our churches in Nairobi, the associate pastor is one of our kids and he had that call since he started. He's brother too has a call. So all these, if we can train them, we can train our own kids who are already educated. I'm communicating to all of them and it's just to check who has a call for ministry and we start training them. So all what I'm I'm working with Sacred City now is to develop something more for geared to those the pastors. When you say that they are not educated yes but we have some who are educated. So those who are educated as long as they are taught and even if it's in Swahili, they will lead the rest so that they can be trained. So training, will not, education will not be able to, know, to enter them from, planting churches. so, my, My excitement is that now where, yes, this happened, but Sacred City as my mother church has been standing with us even during this time when Pastor Kennedy was sick. and they have never stopped supporting pastors. So I'm looking forward for them now stepping a little more and doing a little more so that the church when they go on the mission trip, there will be something that will be going on, especially teaching the pastors. the pastors will be doing their exams and sending here so that Sacred City can market. make sure that they are doing the right thing and then we will be all have a good team. So I feel that this is the time for the end time, this time of the ministry and the country for us to be able on the training of the pastors as putting a team together. Ken Peel: Yeah. Well, it's been really a great conversation about how someone catches a vision, hears what God is doing, and joins in. I think that's what we're all as believers supposed to do. And so Justin, I would ask you to talk to maybe a pastor that's watching or listening to this podcast and wondering about How can they get involved with maybe global partnership? What would you say to those pastors that are watching, listening to this and saying, Wow, we could really make a difference? Pastor Justin: Mm-hmm. I would say first and foremost, look at your context and see, what your resources are and what you're what you're good at. And, if you're looking into Fishers of Men, have a conversation with Joshua and see where those where your gifts and your talents, what you have in your church, could align with what they're doing in Fishers of Men. And you guys can have a mutually beneficial relationship. So, we we can support children and we can raise some funds and we can do some things like this. And we've got pastors that can help train his pastors and that's what that's what we have to offer. And what we get back from that is to see the gospel of Jesus Christ move forward in Kenya. And it's exciting to see, right? It's exciting to see the same gospel we're preaching here is expanding and growing in Kenya. When we're seeing disciples made here, we also are seeing over there. They're using the same language that we're that we're using here with missional communities and and so it's just been it's a blessing on this side and it's a and it you get to see God move in Kenya. Ken Peel: Yeah, for sure. Pastor Justin: and then of course if you go over there it's it's life changing. when Ken Peel: Yeah. Pastor Justin: whether it's opening a church or a medical clinic or a water well, when you're meeting the people and you see that you legitimately changed their life. they didn't have food, they didn't have an education, they didn't have a place to worship God. And now they do, you're making any you're making a a real difference in a person's life, but then you're making an eternal difference, right? This person is learning about Joshua: Amen. Amen. Pastor Justin: Jesus and learning the gospel, and we're gonna see him. we're gonna see him in heaven. And so Ken Peel: Yeah, Amen Pastor Justin: I I think it's I don't think there's anything better than that. Ken Peel: That's right. Well, I would be remiss if I didn't ask people to check out your church. And so if they are looking for a church, they're new to the area, or they just need a church home and or maybe they're watching and listening to this and they say, you know what? I don't know if I have a relationship with the Lord, or I've really fallen away and I need to get back, in right relationship with the Lord. Service times and where are you located? How can they find out about you? Pastor Justin: Yeah, you can find us at sacred citychurch.com. We are loaded located off of 18th Street in Bettendorf and we also have a church over in Moline. Our service times are 8 30 and 1030 in Bettendorf and I think 10 AM in Moline. Can't remember that off the top of my head. and so yeah, you can find out everything you need to know there. If they're looking for I have a a men's YouTube channel that a lot of men have found helpful. And if you're looking for that, you can find that on YouTube. It's called Sacred Men. So God's been blessing that the past year. but we would love to see you at Sacred City and yeah. Ken Peel: Very cool. Well, we appreciate you joining us on this episode of Kenya Kronicles so much and for your involvement with Fishes of Men Ministries and for what you're doing for the gospel and for the kingdom. And I would address you as a watcher or listener to this. If this story has moved you today, you want to find out more about how you can get involved with Fishes of Men Ministries, maybe that's through child sponsorship or maybe it's through a water well process. digging process or just a general sponsorship to where the money would go to where it's needed. You can find out more information by going to FOM Ministries.org or you can call 563 823 5819. And of course when you go to the website you can see all of the different podcasts that we've done the Kenya Kronicles podcast and There's a red button right at the top of the page and you can watch or listen to more of these podcasts. And Justin, Joshua, thank you so much for joining us today and look forward to seeing everybody else on the next episode of Kenya Kronicles. Joshua: Thank you.