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The Other Space Race · Made of Stars

• 0:00
  Speaker 1: Warning. The following podcast contains an entertaining look at astronomy, physics,
• 0:04
  Speaker 1: and space news throughout the known universe. Listeners have been
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  Speaker 1: known to learn about astronomical phenomenon, the scientific method, and
• 0:10
  Speaker 1: expanded vocabulary to include terms like quasar asterism and uranus. Listen,
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  Speaker 1: that's your own risk.
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  Speaker 2: Go ahead. When made of stars, made them stars, made sizes.
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  Speaker 2: When made us stars, you could be from high they
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  Speaker 2: would New Mexicomus. Where are stars?
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  Speaker 3: When we are made of stars? I'm Wes Carol, joined
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  Speaker 3: by my good friend, doctor Sean Cruise, an executive director
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  Speaker 3: at Columbus State University's Coca Cola Space Science Center.
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  Speaker 2: Hey Sean, Hey, we's good to be with you. We
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  Speaker 2: got a.
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  Speaker 3: Space race going on, but we have like this is
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  Speaker 3: kind of a weird moment in time in that we
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  Speaker 3: have a space race going on, and then we also
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  Speaker 3: kind of have this commercial space race going on where
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  Speaker 3: you've got these companies going.
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  Speaker 2: We can do that. No, no, no, no, we can do that.
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  Speaker 3: And that's what our first story is about today, because
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  Speaker 3: obviously we have been talking a lot about Artemis, the
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  Speaker 3: Artemis missions, and the fact that you know this next
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  Speaker 3: mission is going to be another test mission, and then
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  Speaker 3: the one after that, Artemis four is going to be, Hey,
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  Speaker 3: let's put people on the surface of the Moon again.
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  Speaker 3: And one of the problems it seems like, you know,
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  Speaker 3: it has to be well, it definitely has to be solved,
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  Speaker 3: but it seems like it maybe should have fit already resolved.
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  Speaker 3: Is how they going to get down there and how
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  Speaker 3: they going to get back? And that means they need
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  Speaker 3: a lunar lander. And really it's kind of down to
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  Speaker 3: the two big two. It's like SpaceX Blue Origin, Who's
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  Speaker 3: going to have the lunar lander? Well, is this now
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  Speaker 3: an assumption that Blue Origin might be in the lead
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  Speaker 3: or in the proverbial catbird seat? Like, what's going on here?
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  Speaker 3: Now that Blue Origin now has a mock up and
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  Speaker 3: they're ready for some training.
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  Speaker 2: How about this? Blue Origin just took a huge step
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  Speaker 2: toward asserting themselves as the potential leader.
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  Speaker 1: There you go?
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  Speaker 2: Is that enough that I have enough waffle words in there?
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  Speaker 2: I think waffle words to maybe possibly sort of? So yeah, okay,
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  Speaker 2: So here's here's the development. Blue Origin has a mockup
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  Speaker 2: of their Blue Moon Mark two lander at the Johnson
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  Speaker 2: Space Center in Houston, Texas. And why is it there. Well,
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  Speaker 2: there's a building called Building nine. And by the way,
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  Speaker 2: I've I've been very favored of human beings to be
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  Speaker 2: able to go inside of Building nine and actually walk
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  Speaker 2: around and be inside the International Space Station mockup and
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  Speaker 2: see how they do training in that building. And so
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  Speaker 2: if you're not one of those folks, what they do
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  Speaker 2: is that they have life size versions of things like
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  Speaker 2: the International Space Station. And remember, the International Space Station
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  Speaker 2: with its solar panels on is the size of a
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  Speaker 2: football field. So this is not a small mockup. Now
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  Speaker 2: I'm not saying I'm not saying that this thing in
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  Speaker 2: Houston is necessarily all solar panels and all that stuff.
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  Speaker 2: But they have a mockup of all the interior spaces
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  Speaker 2: and they are as much like the real thing as possible,
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  Speaker 2: so that when the astronauts are training in that simulation space,
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  Speaker 2: when they go to the real space station, they already
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  Speaker 2: know it, right, they already know it like the back
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  Speaker 2: of their hand, because they've been through the simulator, and
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  Speaker 2: the simulator is very very lifelike.
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  Speaker 3: Okay, And just just for reverence, like if you if
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  Speaker 3: you've seen the movie Apollo thirteen, you kind of get
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  Speaker 3: a taste of what we're talking about with this, because
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  Speaker 3: and if you haven't seen it, you should watch Apollo
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  Speaker 3: thirteen anyway. But part of the troubleshooting process of all
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  Speaker 3: of that was, Okay, let's go back to you know,
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  Speaker 3: what we have on the ground, what we've trained in,
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  Speaker 3: what we've used, and then you know, let Ed Harris
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  Speaker 3: figure it out with you know.
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  Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, well and Gary Sinise, Gary right there, and
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  Speaker 2: Sinise was actually inside the spacecraft, as you say, in
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  Speaker 2: the market, probably in that same building, right building nine
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  Speaker 2: at Johnson that's where they were doing this. They were like, hey,
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  Speaker 2: you know, can you can you make all these things
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  Speaker 2: happen inside the spacecraft because if you can do it here,
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  Speaker 2: we know they can do it up there. And so
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  Speaker 2: you're right, Wes, that's the that's the same idea. Now,
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  Speaker 2: for a good period of time they've had the Orion
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  Speaker 2: spacecraft mock up at Building nine at the Johnson Space Center.
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  Speaker 2: And so this most recent Artemiss two mission that the
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  Speaker 2: astronauts went around the backside of the Moon, they were
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  Speaker 2: very familiar with what the inside of that spacecraft was
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  Speaker 2: going to be like and how they were going to
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  Speaker 2: move around in it, and where they were going to
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  Speaker 2: store things because they had been working with the simulator
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  Speaker 2: at the Johnson Space Center. All right, So how does
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  Speaker 2: that come around to our story today? Well, against space
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  Speaker 2: dot Com, great story about this Blue Origin has dropped
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  Speaker 2: off its lunar lander mock up at Building nine at
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  Speaker 2: the Johnson Space Center. Why is that important because potential
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  Speaker 2: Artemis four and Artemis three astronauts can immediately begin to
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  Speaker 2: train in that simulator right now. So what's the difference
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  Speaker 2: between an Artemis four and an Artemis three astronaut. The
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  Speaker 2: Artemist three astronauts will be actually the first ones to
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  Speaker 2: use a lunar lander. They're just going to do it
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  Speaker 2: in Earth orbit, and hopefully NASA was shooting for the
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  Speaker 2: summer of twenty twenty seven for that to happen. Just
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  Speaker 2: a few days ago, April thirtieth, NASA Administrator Jared Isiagman
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  Speaker 2: came out and said, I received responses from both vendors
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  Speaker 2: to meet our needs for late twenty twenty seven rendezvous.
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  Speaker 2: That's part of the quote. Well, the late twenty twenty
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  Speaker 2: seven rendezvous means that he kind of tipped his hat
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  Speaker 2: to the fact that Artemis III might not be launching
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  Speaker 2: until the latter part of twenty twenty seven, so it's
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  Speaker 2: a little bit of a slide when he made that comment.
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  Speaker 2: And again just to read the whole quote again, Jared
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  Speaker 2: Isiagman on April thirty had said this, I received responses
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  Speaker 2: from both vendors to meet our needs for a late
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  Speaker 2: twenty twenty seven rendezvous, docking and test of the interperability
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  Speaker 2: of both landers in advance of a landing attempt in
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  Speaker 2: twenty twenty eight. So really that quote from Jared Isisagman
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  Speaker 2: contains the purpose of the Artemis three mission. It's going
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  Speaker 2: to be to hook up Doc with the Lunar Lander,
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  Speaker 2: and it's called the HLS actually the Human Landing System,
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  Speaker 2: So to dock with that human landing system in orbit
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  Speaker 2: around the Earth and perform all the tests necessary to
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  Speaker 2: dock the vehicles, to transfer human beings and supplies from
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  Speaker 2: the Orion spacecraft to that Lunar lander, but do it
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  Speaker 2: all in Earth orbit where it's a little closer to home,
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  Speaker 2: a little bit safer, a little easier chance to get
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  Speaker 2: folks home with something goes wrong. And that's what Artemis
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  Speaker 2: three is going to be now apparently slated for late
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  Speaker 2: twenty twenty seven. Well, in that quote, you heard me
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  Speaker 2: say responses from both vendors. Who's the other vendor? Well,
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  Speaker 2: if you listen to this podcast, you know good and well,
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  Speaker 2: and we appreciate those loyal listeners to the Native Stars podcast.
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  Speaker 2: It's SpaceX and Starship, right, So SpaceX Starship has yet
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  Speaker 2: to deliver a giant mockup so astronauts can practice in Houston.
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  Speaker 2: That's just not even the thing. And remember their starship,
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  Speaker 2: it's two hundred feet tall. It's bigger than the Space
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  Speaker 2: Shuttle orbiter, right, so it's it's a big vehicle. They're
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  Speaker 2: not going to be putting one of those inside of
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  Speaker 2: Building nine at the Johnson Space Center, which means the
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  Speaker 2: Blue Origin Blue Moon Mark two is just a completely
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  Speaker 2: different concept, much smaller, bigger than the Orion capsule, but
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  Speaker 2: much more in size comparison to that vehicle. And so
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  Speaker 2: all of these things, well, just they facilitate a little
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  Speaker 2: easier training pattern, right. And so as these two titans
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  Speaker 2: of commercial space are vying for which company will ultimately
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  Speaker 2: be selected for the human Landing System and delivering Artemis
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  Speaker 2: four astronauts to the surface of the Moon, all of
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  Speaker 2: these things have to be considered, right, how easy is
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  Speaker 2: it to train on who's going to have a working version? First,
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  Speaker 2: Remember the variant that they're delivering from Blue Origin is
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  Speaker 2: not a flying spacecraft. It's not in fliable shape yet.
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  Speaker 2: It's just a mockup that can be used for training.
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  Speaker 2: So all of these things have to be kept in mind.
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  Speaker 2: And yeah, we're in a space race, a commercial space
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  Speaker 2: race for the human Landing System, but also in a
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  Speaker 2: space race with other countries to be the first to
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  Speaker 2: go back to the Moon since the nineteen seventies.
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  Speaker 3: And when people say why are we sending humans up
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  Speaker 3: and not sending robots up? Duh, it's an HLS.
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  Speaker 2: It's not an RLS. That's right, Human Landing System. Yeah,
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  Speaker 2: we've had the discussion many times on this program. Without
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  Speaker 2: us actually going places, the American people will swiftly lose
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  Speaker 2: their enthusiasm for the program and the funding will dry up.
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  Speaker 2: So there are many reasons to send people. People are
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  Speaker 2: far better robots than robots, by the way, So if
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  Speaker 2: you want to send an exploring robot to the Moon,
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  Speaker 2: a human one is a far better machine than what
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  Speaker 2: we have any machines right now in this period of time.
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  Speaker 2: And again, there's just something about the inspiration that people
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  Speaker 2: feel about the attention that they will pay to a
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  Speaker 2: space mission when human beings are involved. And we saw
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  Speaker 2: that in spades with the Artemis two mission. Wes, you know,
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  Speaker 2: the enthusiasm level at my museum, And I know this
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  Speaker 2: is kind of an anecdotal set of comments, but the
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  Speaker 2: interest and enthusiasm and awareness of what human beings were
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  Speaker 2: doing in space when we actually sent people to the
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  Speaker 2: Moon rather than just robots around the backside of the
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  Speaker 2: moon the Artemis one mission, for instance, people barely even
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  Speaker 2: knew that that had happened, and the visitors were keenly
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  Speaker 2: aware that an Artemis two mission was taking place and
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  Speaker 2: people were going around the back side of the moon.
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  Speaker 2: So it's just a huge difference in our own psyche
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  Speaker 2: as well as the efficacy of what can be done
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  Speaker 2: science wise on the surface of that world once you
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  Speaker 2: actually get people up there doing the science.
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  Speaker 3: More made of stars. Right after this, let's transition from
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  Speaker 3: Blue Origin to SpaceX their Starship version three, their brand
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  Speaker 3: new mega rocket is getting ready to fly next week
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  Speaker 3: if everything stays according to plan. So, yeah, a new BFR.
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  Speaker 3: Is he still calling it like VFRs or is that
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  Speaker 3: now a thing of the past. I don't know, but
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  Speaker 3: the important thing is they're getting ready to launch a
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  Speaker 3: really big rocket next week.
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  Speaker 2: B FR. What a great acronym they had that. I
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  Speaker 2: believe we were still in radio when that first came out. Yes,
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  Speaker 2: we definitely were.
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  Speaker 3: We had to be very very careful in radio. It's
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  Speaker 3: one of those things where we would say, you know,
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  Speaker 3: you can't really say what that stands for on the radio,
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  Speaker 3: and like, well you can once.
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  Speaker 2: I believe the f was flaming.
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  Speaker 3: Ah, flaming.
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  Speaker 2: All right, yeah, it'd be that. I don't know anyway.
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  Speaker 2: All right, So space dot com again, two stories from
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  Speaker 2: space dot com today, both talking about these competing rocket companies,
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  Speaker 2: and this time it's SpaceX It's starship. But it's not
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  Speaker 2: your grandfather starship or even your your your cousin David.
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  Speaker 2: It's it's it's none of them. It's it's a brand new,
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  Speaker 2: first time to ever fly version of the space X Starship.
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  Speaker 2: It's the V three or Version three that West was
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  Speaker 2: just referring to, and it could be flying as early
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  Speaker 2: as next Tuesday, May nineteenth, quote if all goes to
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  Speaker 2: plan unquote. All right, So the Version three Starship is
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  Speaker 2: a bigger and more capable vehicle that could help humanity
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  Speaker 2: take its first steps both on the Moon and on
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  Speaker 2: the red planet Mars. At least that's what SpaceX said
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  Speaker 2: in an announcement that they put out on Tuesday, May
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  Speaker 2: the twelfth. They're talking about this big V three starship.
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  Speaker 2: So the V three Super Heavy first stage. Remember when
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  Speaker 2: we talk about starship, there's the booster and then there's
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  Speaker 2: the ship, and that's what they call them, booster and ship.
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  Speaker 2: So the when we say super heavy, we're referring to
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  Speaker 2: the booster. So the V three Super Heavy Booster, its
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  Speaker 2: first stage has three grid fins instead of four four
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  Speaker 2: was that's so version two, It's like that's just pass a.
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  Speaker 3: Now it's ancient history, right.
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  Speaker 2: It went out with version two, those four fins were smaller,
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  Speaker 2: and they're designed to do two things. They're designed to
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  Speaker 2: be a catch point for when we catch this very
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  Speaker 2: bfr with a giant set of tweezers. And I guess
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  Speaker 2: they decided they didn't need four. What they needed was
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  Speaker 2: only three, but they needed them to be bigger and
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  Speaker 2: more and more thirty more stable. So now three fins.
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  Speaker 2: Each fin is now fifty percent larger than the four
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  Speaker 2: finn versions of the fins and significantly stronger, at least
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  Speaker 2: according to SpaceX. So that's one of the new modifications
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  Speaker 2: for the Version three Starship. Additionally, there's something called the
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  Speaker 2: hot stage that joins the booster that's the super heavy
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  Speaker 2: stage to the ship capital s. That's the upper stage,
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  Speaker 2: that's the actual human being carrying portion. So now that
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  Speaker 2: stage that connects the two is now integrated in the
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  Speaker 2: super Heavy rather than being its own separate component. It
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  Speaker 2: is a section on the super Heavy on the main booster,
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  Speaker 2: and it will not be discarded during flight as what
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  Speaker 2: happened with the hot stage in previous versions. Okay, and
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  Speaker 2: what hot stage really means is that means that that
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  Speaker 2: that upper stage is blasting its rocket engines right off
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  Speaker 2: the lower stage and and so therefore it gets hot. Okay.
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  Speaker 2: So all right, an additional modification, they modified the fuel
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  Speaker 2: systems for both the super Heavy that's the main stage,
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  Speaker 2: and the ship which is the space vehicle. So both
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  Speaker 2: modifications for the fuel systems allow for faster startups of
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  Speaker 2: the raptor engines and also the fuel can flow more
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  Speaker 2: quickly so they can start them all simultaneously on the
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  Speaker 2: big booster, on the main on the main stage, and
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  Speaker 2: so they could also do that flip maneuver for the
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  Speaker 2: for the rocket boosters that's coming back down. They can
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  Speaker 2: do it more efficiently because they do start all the
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  Speaker 2: engines simultaneously, and therefore they go from a horizontal position
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  Speaker 2: where it's falling and having the greatest air resistance, to
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  Speaker 2: a quick vertical position when it's getting ready to either
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  Speaker 2: come down on the power of its own boosters or
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  Speaker 2: be snagged out of the air with a giant pair
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  Speaker 2: of tweezers. Either way, they have to slow it down,
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  Speaker 2: and being able to start those raptor engines simultaneously is
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  Speaker 2: a lot more efficient for that. So these are some
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  Speaker 2: of the modifications on version three versus the previous mark
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  Speaker 2: version two. Now, if all goes planned on Tuesday for
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  Speaker 2: this launch, the ship portion will splash down about an
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  Speaker 2: hour and five minutes after launch and speculated to be
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  Speaker 2: somewhere in the Indian Ocean off the west coast of Australia,
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  Speaker 2: as has been done in the past. So that's what
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  Speaker 2: we're looking at from this launch perspective. The super Heavy
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  Speaker 2: we'll actually steer itself to a soft splash down in
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  Speaker 2: the Gulf of Mexico, which means they will not be
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  Speaker 2: landing that vertically and they will not be grabbing it
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  Speaker 2: out of there with giant tweezers. Not on this mission.
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  Speaker 2: As SpaceX wrote in a statement quote, as this is
• 17:10
  Speaker 2: the first flight of a test flight for it of
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  Speaker 2: a significantly redesigned vehicle, the booster will not attempt a
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  Speaker 2: return to the launch site for a catch unquote. So
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  Speaker 2: that's them saying, yeah, we're gonna let this one land
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  Speaker 2: in the water. We're gonna make sure we've got all
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  Speaker 2: the bugs worked out, and then we'll the next time
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  Speaker 2: we use a Version three maybe try to grab it
• 17:31
  Speaker 2: out of the air with our giant Mechazilla tweezers.
• 17:36
  Speaker 3: It's always exciting when there's a comet. It's kind of
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  Speaker 3: strangely exciting when it's not a real comment, but like
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  Speaker 3: a man made comment, a metha loockx comment.
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  Speaker 2: How did this come to be? Yeah, so a methalockx
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  Speaker 2: comment is not actually even a comet. Check out spaceweather
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  Speaker 2: dot com for this cool story. By the way, on
• 17:58
  Speaker 2: this date May fourteenth, twenty twenty six, go back and
• 18:01
  Speaker 2: use the wayback machine. They're archive. If you're listening to
• 18:04
  Speaker 2: this webcast a little bit later, but you can see
• 18:07
  Speaker 2: a really awesome picture in the sky of what appears
• 18:10
  Speaker 2: to be a massive giant comet drifting over the skies
• 18:15
  Speaker 2: of the Midwest, United States, drifting way too fast to
• 18:19
  Speaker 2: be a real comet, by the way, real comments wouldn't
• 18:21
  Speaker 2: do that. This has to be a phenomenon taking place
• 18:26
  Speaker 2: really near the earth. And so Dan Bush from Albany, Missouri,
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  Speaker 2: happened to catch this with a kind of security camera
• 18:34
  Speaker 2: and all sky camera that he had there, and he
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  Speaker 2: had this to say, we just had another satellite fuel
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  Speaker 2: dump event here in the Midwest. You see a METHALOCKX
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  Speaker 2: comet is actually something that appears to be a comet
• 18:48
  Speaker 2: in the sky, but it is a human made phenomenon.
• 18:52
  Speaker 2: It is in this case, a giant Chinese rocket dumping
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  Speaker 2: out its fuel in the skies over Missouri and the
• 19:02
  Speaker 2: folks in Missouri being able to see that take place.
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  Speaker 2: So this occurred just last night as we're recording the podcast,
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  Speaker 2: and the glowing comet like apparitions swept across the skies
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  Speaker 2: of the central United States, so says spaceweather dot com.
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  Speaker 2: And it turns out its source was a Chinese rocket.
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  Speaker 2: It's a Chinese Zuq two E y five rocket. You
• 19:25
  Speaker 2: can say that again. I have one in my personal collection.
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  Speaker 2: Oh no, wait, I think that's a that's a y
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  Speaker 2: six anyway, something like that. No, it's a Chinese Zuq
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  Speaker 2: Dash two E y five rocket which lifted off about
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  Speaker 2: an hour before this apparition took place in the skies.
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  Speaker 2: It was carrying a two point eight ton experimental payload
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  Speaker 2: and it was lifting it to a nine hundred kilometer
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  Speaker 2: polar orbit. So all of those things took place, which
• 19:54
  Speaker 2: is why that polar orbit is what was responsible for
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  Speaker 2: the second stage venting its fuel, and as it did,
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  Speaker 2: all the propellants inside had a flash freeze event, and
• 20:08
  Speaker 2: that's what was occurring in the time it was drifting
• 20:11
  Speaker 2: over Missouri. And it turns out those cryogenetic propellants inside
• 20:16
  Speaker 2: are liquid methane and liquid oxygen, which is why we
• 20:21
  Speaker 2: have the methylox kind of combined name for those substances.
• 20:27
  Speaker 2: So methylox is actually becoming an increasingly popular fuel of
• 20:32
  Speaker 2: choice for rockets. It's now being used in the SpaceX
• 20:36
  Speaker 2: Starship which we were just talking about, and in the
• 20:39
  Speaker 2: Blue Origins New Glen rocket. And the reason is because
• 20:45
  Speaker 2: methane is just a lot easier to store and handle
• 20:49
  Speaker 2: than liquid oxygen, it burns cleaner than kerosene, and it
• 20:55
  Speaker 2: can be produced on the planet Mars, so it can
• 20:58
  Speaker 2: be produced out of fuel that we possibly find in
• 21:02
  Speaker 2: the Martian environment. So all of these things make it
• 21:04
  Speaker 2: a very interesting kind of fuel of the future for
• 21:09
  Speaker 2: rockets from SpaceX and Blue Origin, but also Chinese commercial
• 21:13
  Speaker 2: rockets as well. And so it appears, according to space
• 21:16
  Speaker 2: weather dot Com that the era of metholox comets is
• 21:19
  Speaker 2: just getting started folks. So if you haven't seen your
• 21:22
  Speaker 2: metholox comet yet, well you might be able to see
• 21:25
  Speaker 2: one in the future and it'll be pretty exciting sight
• 21:28
  Speaker 2: in the sky.
• 21:29
  Speaker 3: Just to be clear, a metholox comet not the same
• 21:32
  Speaker 3: thing as a Maylox comet. That's a whole different ordeal altogether.
• 21:39
  Speaker 2: There's a variety of different dynamic processes involved in the
• 21:43
  Speaker 2: Maylox comet as well, probably, we should say, for a
• 21:46
  Speaker 2: later date, still a whole show on maylox comments.
• 21:49
  Speaker 3: Let's see that more made of stars. Right after this,
• 22:13
  Speaker 3: we have an update on the three I Atlas comment
• 22:16
  Speaker 3: and some new information is in and here we go
• 22:23
  Speaker 3: let's say, apparently, Yeah, the new details very different than
• 22:28
  Speaker 3: some of the speculation back in the day.
• 22:30
  Speaker 2: Yeah, So instead of alien spacecraft, how about comment from
• 22:37
  Speaker 2: a really weird different kind of solar system than the
• 22:41
  Speaker 2: one we live in. See, that was the whole thing
• 22:43
  Speaker 2: about the three I atlas commet is three stands for
• 22:47
  Speaker 2: the third one ever found, but I stands for interstellar.
• 22:52
  Speaker 2: It did not come from our own solar system. And
• 22:56
  Speaker 2: a really interesting event took place when this comment made
• 23:00
  Speaker 2: its pass through our solar system. Astronomy dot Com reporting
• 23:05
  Speaker 2: these latest results. It turns out that while it was
• 23:08
  Speaker 2: flying by, the telescope, which is a submillimeter array down
• 23:13
  Speaker 2: in South America called Alma, did a series of observations
• 23:18
  Speaker 2: and they can figure out a lot of the interior
• 23:20
  Speaker 2: chemistry from the from the melting that was coming off
• 23:24
  Speaker 2: as comet. And it turns out that the water inside
• 23:28
  Speaker 2: three I atlas that was melting in the heat of
• 23:30
  Speaker 2: our own sun as it made a pass by our son,
• 23:34
  Speaker 2: it had a different kind of chemical signature than the
• 23:37
  Speaker 2: water that we find in our own solar system. And
• 23:41
  Speaker 2: so if you were to just go outside to what
• 23:43
  Speaker 2: the river, the swimming pool, the whatever, and grab up
• 23:47
  Speaker 2: a glass of water. H two. Oh right, Well, it
• 23:52
  Speaker 2: would turn out that a certain small fraction of those
• 23:56
  Speaker 2: water molecules, which have again hydrogen and oxygen molecules in there,
• 24:04
  Speaker 2: it would turn out that some of that hydrogen would
• 24:07
  Speaker 2: actually have a proton attached, and that stuff is known
• 24:12
  Speaker 2: as deuterium. And when deuterium joins with oxygen to make
• 24:18
  Speaker 2: a water molecule, in chemistry, we call that dedurated water
• 24:23
  Speaker 2: molecules deuterated. Not a name just made up on your
• 24:29
  Speaker 2: favorite social media site, No, it's actually a chemistry word,
• 24:33
  Speaker 2: meaning that the hydrogen atom it has this extra proton. Okay, well,
• 24:37
  Speaker 2: we know water coming from our own Earth and even
• 24:41
  Speaker 2: from our own solar system. By the ratio of the
• 24:45
  Speaker 2: number of detererated water molecules that you find in a
• 24:49
  Speaker 2: sample of water, Well, it turns out that the water
• 24:53
  Speaker 2: chemistry from the three I Atlas comet about thirty times
• 25:00
  Speaker 2: the number of water molecules had this extra proton in
• 25:04
  Speaker 2: their hydrogen atom had deuterium instead of pure hydrogen. And
• 25:10
  Speaker 2: that's just weird. That's confirmation, upon other confirmations, that this
• 25:16
  Speaker 2: object did not come from our solar system. It had
• 25:20
  Speaker 2: to come from an alien solar system. And moreover, it
• 25:24
  Speaker 2: had to come from an alien solar system that had
• 25:27
  Speaker 2: very different physical conditions. And the two things that it
• 25:33
  Speaker 2: had to be radically different were that, number one, it
• 25:37
  Speaker 2: had to be a lot colder, and number two, it
• 25:41
  Speaker 2: also had to be a significantly lower portion of high
• 25:49
  Speaker 2: energy photon interactions that could break up that deuterium in
• 25:54
  Speaker 2: those water molecules. And so so it had to come
• 25:58
  Speaker 2: This object came from a colder solar system and a
• 26:02
  Speaker 2: much more distant location in its parent solar system than
• 26:07
  Speaker 2: anything we've ever seen in commets here in our own
• 26:10
  Speaker 2: solar system before. So this weird chemical finger print is
• 26:15
  Speaker 2: able to tell us for sure that it came from
• 26:18
  Speaker 2: a different solar system. And if we ever saw another
• 26:22
  Speaker 2: comet with the same ratio of deuterium in its water molecules,
• 26:28
  Speaker 2: we could say, hey, this is a fingerprint that says
• 26:30
  Speaker 2: it came from the same solar system as three I Atlas.
• 26:34
  Speaker 2: Which means that now anytime we discover these objects from
• 26:39
  Speaker 2: other solar systems passing through our own solar system, we
• 26:42
  Speaker 2: have a way of locating where those objects came from,
• 26:46
  Speaker 2: what their home solar system was, and it gives us
• 26:49
  Speaker 2: just another tool to better understand our own neighborhood within
• 26:55
  Speaker 2: the Milky Way and the crazy physical conditions that had
• 26:59
  Speaker 2: to ex in other solar systems to develop these objects.
• 27:03
  Speaker 2: So a really good window open into the whole planetary
• 27:09
  Speaker 2: and solar system formation process.
• 27:12
  Speaker 3: Summer is practically here, and that means things change up
• 27:16
  Speaker 3: just a little bit there at the Columbus State University
• 27:19
  Speaker 3: Coca Cola Space Science Center.
• 27:21
  Speaker 2: Yeah, we're moving into our summer mode as school wraps up.
• 27:24
  Speaker 2: What's going to be happening in our facility in general
• 27:28
  Speaker 2: will be that our Robotics Summer Academy is going to
• 27:31
  Speaker 2: begin and we'll be seeing lots of students playing with
• 27:34
  Speaker 2: robots and drones and fun things like that, working with
• 27:37
  Speaker 2: three D printers and learning how to be the next
• 27:40
  Speaker 2: generation of space Explorers' friends, they'll be out there exploring
• 27:44
  Speaker 2: with their own drones and their own spacecraft when you know,
• 27:48
  Speaker 2: a long time from now anyway, So that's taking place.
• 27:50
  Speaker 2: But then also we just have a lot a lot
• 27:54
  Speaker 2: freer gallery exhibit space for our visitors because we don't
• 27:58
  Speaker 2: have massive school groups coming through quite the same way
• 28:01
  Speaker 2: we do during the school year. So friends, I know
• 28:03
  Speaker 2: that some of you will have the kids home for summer.
• 28:06
  Speaker 2: Some of you are grandparents, and we'll have the grandkids
• 28:09
  Speaker 2: home for summer, and you're gonna be wondering what to
• 28:11
  Speaker 2: do with them. Well, make sure you take one of
• 28:13
  Speaker 2: those hot days of summer and come down and see
• 28:15
  Speaker 2: us at Columbus State Universiti's Coca Cola Space Science Center.
• 28:19
  Speaker 2: Let me tell you some of the new things. We
• 28:20
  Speaker 2: have brand new Mars rovers running around Mars Rover habitat.
• 28:25
  Speaker 2: We also have brand new games on our flight simulator.
• 28:29
  Speaker 2: It's a proprietary game written just for the Coca Cola
• 28:33
  Speaker 2: Space Science Center, so you literally cannot play it anywhere
• 28:36
  Speaker 2: else but here. It's Athery in our Space Pirates game.
• 28:40
  Speaker 2: Coming down and check that out in our flight simulators.
• 28:43
  Speaker 2: We also have a brand new show in our planetarium.
• 28:45
  Speaker 2: It's called Dinosaur, a Survival Story. So you can come
• 28:49
  Speaker 2: down and check out all of those new features and
• 28:52
  Speaker 2: fun things to do here at Columbus State Universities Coca
• 28:55
  Speaker 2: Cola Space Science Center. When the kids are driving you
• 28:58
  Speaker 2: nuts and it's too hot to play outside sometime later
• 29:00
  Speaker 2: this summer, bring them down here and set them free. Friends,
• 29:04
  Speaker 2: Set them free and let them explore at Columbus State
• 29:07
  Speaker 2: University's Coca Cola Space Science Center. For information about all
• 29:10
  Speaker 2: of these items that we just mentioned, visit our website
• 29:13
  Speaker 2: go to www dot cc SSC dot org. Charlie Charlie
• 29:19
  Speaker 2: SamSam Charlie dot org.
• 29:21
  Speaker 3: Sean and I thank you for listening, and we will
• 29:23
  Speaker 3: do this again next week. Overhead Door Company of Columbus
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