Latest / CareTalk: Healthcare. Unfiltered. / What's Google Doing in Healthcare?
Transcript
- 0:00Google's mission is to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful.
- 0:06The company also leads in artificial intelligence and its Google.
- 0:09Bard in healthcare is already wowing patients with interactive and insightful chats.
- 0:14So now is the perfect time to care.
- 0:15Talk about Google's evolving role in healthcare and where it might all lead.
- 0:27Welcome to Care Talk America's home for incisive debate about healthcare, business, and policy.
- 0:32I'm David Williams, president of Health Business Group.
- 0:35And I'm John Driscoll, the president of Walgreens Health.
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- 1:00David, what's all this about?
- 1:03Google and healthcare?
- 1:04I mean, you know, we've been sort of hearing about Google and healthcare, gosh, for over a decade now.
- 1:10Probably close to 15 years.
- 1:13They, what's going on?
- 1:16John, I think you could consider Google is doing three things in healthcare broadly cuz they're doing thousands of things really.
- 1:22But it breaks down into three areas.
- 1:23The first one relates to their search business.
- 1:26There's a lot that they do in search.
- 1:27People are looking for doctors, they're looking for information about who's in what provider directory.
- 1:32They're looking for information about, uh, medical conditions and so on.
- 1:35So that's the first one is related to search, which Google excels at.
- 1:38The second one is really related to their cloud business.
- 1:41A lot of the things they talk about is technology solutions to enable care teams.
- 1:45To deliver more connected care, come down to that.
- 1:48It's actually led by the cloud part of the business and not, not something related to healthcare.
- 1:52And the third one is sort of these moonshot things, which is now sort of under the rubric of ai.
- 1:56They've got things where they're trying to do early cancer diagnosis, prevent blindness, uh, things like that.
- 2:02So it's always three things, John, as a consultant.
- 2:05But, uh, I'd say it is three things for Google.
- 2:06But, but David, I mean, Google has been talking about, I think I've.
- 2:10I've met, I don't know, uh, five of the last six heads of Google Healthcare, and all of them have left pretty frustrated.
- 2:19Um, you know, and, and I, I think that the, the Google early on showed that search could be quite relevant to healthcare information.
- 2:29Google flu trends was an early, really useful indicator for parents and for healthcare professionals.
- 2:37They can leverage search because they're basically the dominant monopolist search provider to take key words and influence to indicate what might be going on in, in health conditions.
- 2:50But they really haven't exploited that.
- 2:54And this whole moonshot thing, I mean, what have they solved?
- 2:57I mean, the, uh, and cloud they're actually behind, um, in.
- 3:04You know, the Microsoft's ahead and, I mean, they're, they're then, and you've got, uh, Oracle quickly, uh, growing in cloud based on their most recent earnings.
- 3:16I, I don't, it doesn't, it doesn't feel very coherent to me.
- 3:20And, and it's sort of like most other big tech companies.
- 3:23Um, All talk less tech, low performance in healthcare.
- 3:28I mean, what's, what's what, what I mean does, should we, do you think that Google can have an impact in healthcare?
- 3:35Well, somebody woke up on the wrong side of the bed today.
- 3:37That's what I'll say.
- 3:39John, Google had some, he may have met five of the sixth.
- 3:41Now the sixth person's probably in hiding, in case they may meet you in the head will roll shortly thereafter.
- 3:46But one of the things that happened early on, you know, as as mentioned, Google tries to organize the world's information and there's the idea there that, hey, that information is valuable and useful and maybe correct.
- 3:54What they found out in healthcare when they first started in is a lot of the information in healthcare is actually garbage, John.
- 3:59And so what they did is that they, you know, they, they tried to look at information about electronic medical record and they made a hash of it, what you described as Google flu trends.
- 4:07That's actually data that's, that's actually information that's a byproduct of data being generated through Google searches.
- 4:13That's valuable information.
- 4:15A lot of the information in the electronic medical record systems is actually garbage.
- 4:19And when they tried to organize that, that's when they got in trouble.
- 4:22Well, I think it comes back to the fact that it's that, you know, search really relies on structured data where you, it's all standardized in one way or another and tied together.
- 4:34I.
- 4:35Um, in ways that the sort of the ontology and the, uh, the, the definitions in the order make sense.
- 4:41Leveraging the power of, of, of a lot of compute.
- 4:46They can take lots of information and provide, you know, sort of snappy answers to, to, to, to quick questions that everyone is used to.
- 4:54So it turned Google into a verb.
- 4:57Uh, but, but underneath that, I think there was an assumption.
- 5:01That because many of the healthcare data is structured that they would be able to build algorithms and insights on top of healthcare information.
- 5:10But what they found early on, I think they did a, they, they, they, they, they had full information to the electronic medical record, which is wherever all of your claims data sets.
- 5:21And they tried to tie it together and drive interesting insights.
- 5:24And I think they found like, uh, At best, a 30% match between individual identifiers, like a social security number, a name, and a record that they could tie correctly to the patient.
- 5:36And so when you're talking about garbage, it's really the inconsistency of the healthcare data that, uh, required them to really retrofit and rebuild.
- 5:45Very clean record because unlike your, you know, your favorite, um, pastrami shop, David, it's, the definitions in healthcare really need to be quite precise and the indicators that it's you, uh, it's almost a complete look.
- 6:00It's not just.
- 6:01Taking, you know, building a search algorithm on top of information that everyone agrees on, or most people agree on what the definitions are.
- 6:09It's really trying to tie out very precisely to the inputs, the data that's coming in to try to drive better insights at the backend.
- 6:17And I think one of the reasons why Google's really struggled to do anything meaningful in healthcare, even though they've got the, the greatest amount of compute power, so, Probably one of them in the world plus search is that the information still is pretty hard to standardize, simplify, and, and, and test, um, in healthcare.
- 6:38And that's, I think, the surprise.
- 6:39So, But it's interesting.
- 6:41That's probably the most, the biggest constraint on artificial intelligence or really intelligence using computer power, is that the base data is often pretty inconsistent.
- 6:52And, and by inconsistent equals garbage in your, in your, uh, yeah, in my trash radiology.
- 6:59My trash talk.
- 7:01Trash talk.
- 7:01Exactly.
- 7:01John.
- 7:02Well, here's the thing.
- 7:03So they learned a couple things from before.
- 7:05One is that they probably need to work with partners.
- 7:07And one of the things that you see now when you go to their, you know, Google Health site or you hear them talk about is partner, partner, partner.
- 7:12So they're talking about partners all over the place.
- 7:14Uh, since they're not trying to reinvent the wheel or try to figure out this insider's game of healthcare.
- 7:19Another thing is that while the electronic medical record looks like structured data, most of the information is often in the unstructured notes part of the data.
- 7:27So there's a lot of fields and things that people have to fill in.
- 7:30But for example, when you're looking for, uh, clinical trials to find, identify participants, something like 75 or 80% of the relevant information about inclusion and exclusion criteria is actually in the unstructured part.
- 7:41Of the record.
- 7:42That's where artificial intelligence can come in, John.
- 7:44And by unstructured.
- 7:45Yeah.
- 7:45And just, and just again, just the unstructured stuff is really the physician's notes or the nurse's notes or the, or the, or the output of what happens when a doctor or nurse or a tech actually talks to you and adds all of the personal idiosyncratic details of, you know, your very complicated case, Dave, to your record.
- 8:04But if they give you step back, Google really started not just as a search business, but the founders really believed that they wanted to build a search business that would vacuum up all this information that would feed an artificial intelligence engine that would be able to drive.
- 8:22Really breakthrough insights.
- 8:25And so I think one of the reasons why they keep talking about and coming back to healthcare is if you think about an area where there's huge social need.
- 8:32And I think that, uh, I think the founder's names were Larry and Sergey.
- 8:35I think when they started they really wanted Google to again, uh, Do, do, do no harm and actually contribute to the world.
- 8:44The reality is, in healthcare data, the data is so complicated that they've really had a hard time leveraging all of that power of search because of, I think of the, the flaws and inconsistencies of structured data, things like your.
- 8:57Medical claims, your diagnosis codes and the, the, the alchemy of really unpacking and then standardizing that information that's in the unstructured notes.
- 9:08Uh, but they, again, they're, they're, they're approaching this thing through partnerships, but that's another way of saying they're not making any progress.
- 9:15John.
- 9:15So another way to look at this, we, we, we've spoken as we often do from a US-centric, uh, perspective.
- 9:20The, what Google Health is doing is actually fairly global.
- 9:23And in fact, when I mentioned partners, they're working with a world health organization on guidelines for health apps in low income countries.
- 9:30Uh, their first partner that they announced was, uh, a Kenya based, um, health company, which, uh, focuses on the health of expectant mothers and newborns.
- 9:38So they're using AI to replace the traditional ultrasound machines.
- 9:41We hear the, the leaders of Google Health talk about that.
- 9:44Um, you know, so there's a lot of that that's going on.
- 9:46I would point out that there's a lot of do-gooders, you know, from the rich world that want to go and do public health in, in the poor countries, and it doesn't always work out as well as we might hope.
- 9:55Well, I mean, I let, let's give them a little bit of credit.
- 9:59I mean, they have built some really interesting chatbots.
- 10:03Um, I think they're working on those with the Mayo Clinic and they early on partnered with the Mayo, which is one of the most esteemed healthcare hospital and service systems in the country.
- 10:14Um, they're, they've got a, you know, their version of gen of a generative ai, the.
- 10:21Everybody talks about G PT three and G, PT four, g, p T, whatever.
- 10:26Google's got a generative AI tool called Bard, which is very, very powerful actually, and is equivalent I think, although it's got, hasn't gotten as much noise as G P T, the G P T family.
- 10:39And one of the things that I, I sort of admire about Google is they were holding back on letting these feral models.
- 10:48You know, out there by phal models, you're, you're, they're, there're there's a real belief in the, in the artificial intelligence community, which is really the computer science and, and, and machine learning community that the, the models that meta has just pushed out into the world and chat gp, generative mo generative AI models like chat GB two three and chat GBT four are really not ready for prime time because we don't really know how to control it.
- 11:17And so I think that, Google being a little bit more responsible has been slow to deploy the full power of those models because they're probably more aware than most of how dangerous they are.
- 11:30And when you think about, you know, the, the, all of the things that can go wrong in healthcare, um, if you're just a little bit wrong, I think that Google is actually, you know, while they, they may not have as made as much progress in healthcare, they actually are.
- 11:44Making, they have a, they have a tremendous amount of technology and they're being actually one of the more responsible parties in deploying tools when they're ready to really be deployed.
- 11:54That, that are, that are less dangerous and misleading than some of the tools that are already out there.
- 12:00So, Google does have a big impact in healthcare, and that's because a lot of searches are related to, uh, healthcare information and Google is dominant there.
- 12:07And one reason maybe that they've been careful is that they have something to lose, uh, which is that people just type things into the Google search.
- 12:14Now they call it Google diagnosing, and one of the reasons that they hooked up with Mayo Clinic a few years back was to say instead of just displaying whatever the SEO people like, you know, like if our producer Vincent, we're suing seo, not for our show, but for.
- 12:26Some kind of crazy healthcare thing, you know, they'd be at the top of the list.
- 12:30So now Mayo Clinic is there with Google and Mayo has to sign off on what Google has.
- 12:33So a lot of times you'll see something is from Mayo Clinic.
- 12:36And so I think that they realize, hey, we can't have hallucinations, uh, in our chats with patients.
- 12:41Uh, but they've got their own group there and they talk about how they've got this, uh, this thing called Med Palm two, their large language model for healthcare.
- 12:48And it not just only, not only did it pass a medical, you know, licensing exams, it can pass 'em with flying colors and it can give a lot more thorough explanations, not just give a multiple choice, you know, A versus C versus B answer.
- 13:01But what does that really mean, David, that a machine can fill I that just does just, that's is just, is that just rote memorization being fed back?
- 13:10John, the, you know, we've talked before about the shortage of healthcare workers, including even in our episode last week, and one of the things that's happened, uh, with the shortage of physicians is we've seen an increasing number of people with less training than physicians that have come onto the job.
- 13:24And so you can have somebody, either the choices are.
- 13:27To make a physician more productive by surrounding them with others on a care team that are people, but that have somewhat less training and turning them loose on the patients.
- 13:36Or you can have another kind of thing, artificial intelligence, which there's no shortage of, and uh, and have that.
- 13:42So I think it's a valid other way.
- 13:44And I would rather be, I would rather have that, uh, my physician leverage AI than leverage people that have less training.
- 13:50Well, let's, David, how, how does Google, in your view, stack up to other, the other, um, tech players like Apple and Amazon, the other pretenders to the healthcare technology throne?
- 14:04Yeah, so what Apple, you know, apple has great devices.
- 14:07Great consumer oriented devices.
- 14:09So you got, I have my Apple Watch I've had for a long time and, uh, now I, now Google bought Fitbit.
- 14:14You know, one of the 50 things that they announced that they're doing is with Fitbit.
- 14:18When have you last heard about Fitbit?
- 14:19Used to have a Fitbit job back when that was Well, pointless.
- 14:22I mean, you know.
- 14:23Yeah.
- 14:23I, I think some, the, the, the Google purchase of Fitbit is the kind of thing that.
- 14:28Makes everybody in healthcare scratch their heads as to why people in technology aren't more thoughtful about approaching it.
- 14:34But I think Google's got so much money that it's, it's, it's sort of like Elon Musk and Twitter.
- 14:39It's probably a nice toy for them.
- 14:41I mean, I think the theory behind Fitbit was that the fit trackers were taken over the world, and because they're in the information of leveraging information to learn from information, it felt like a source of vacuuming up plenty of information.
- 14:54But it's not like, Fitbit isn't among the many tools that you could, um, yeah.
- 15:00That you could use to track fitness.
- 15:01But you know, you go to health conferences in Google's, uh, booth is filled with all kinds of different Fitbits that don't appear to be selling.
- 15:09They're good.
- 15:10That's why they have so many available in the booth, John.
- 15:11Cause they're not out being sold.
- 15:12Apple just has the one which sells it.
- 15:14So you asked me about these different companies.
- 15:16Okay.
- 15:16So Apple I think has devices.
- 15:17They have the whole ecosystem.
- 15:19They're less focused on completely slow, slow, slow down, slow down.
- 15:22So how do you grade Apple in its ecosystem?
- 15:25Forget the fact that you bought every Apple device known to man.
- 15:28Tell me a little bit about how you think Apple's making progress or not in healthcare.
- 15:32Because Tim Cook has said this is generation, this is generationally important for, for, for Apple.
- 15:38Yeah.
- 15:39What He wants to leave his mark.
- 15:40I think their devices are, are good.
- 15:42I think that if you look at the share.
- 15:44Market share of just the regular, uh, iPhones.
- 15:48Uh, you know, physicians love using iPhones.
- 15:50They have a very high share.
- 15:51So they've done a lot with their devices that are useful, um, in healthcare and people will go to those devices.
- 15:56The whole sort of bring your own device, um, you know, movement came about because people wanna bring their iPhone into the hospital.
- 16:02So I think Apple, I give 'em a grade of a, a is for Apple now Amazon.
- 16:07We already used the A, so they're not getting an A.
- 16:09Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait.
- 16:10If Tim Cook wants to make progress, you're saying progress in healthcare, you're gonna give an A for selling more junk into hospitals and people like we are, we're all buying their stuff.
- 16:19But is that really helping us in healthcare?
- 16:21I.
- 16:23Yeah, it helps a lot.
- 16:24I like, you know, I'll stop talking about the Apple Watch, John, but they have, they're helpful at the consumer level.
- 16:30We talk about the consumerization of healthcare.
- 16:32They've actually done a lot, John, the same way that people think about, you know, would I rather go into a Walgreens or my hospital?
- 16:39Which is gonna be more friendly, right?
- 16:41They walk into Walgreens, they're there, they're greeted.
- 16:43Things are on the shelf.
- 16:44They can talk to the pharmacist without an appointment, usually, you know, compare that going to the hospital, right?
- 16:49That's what Apple is like compared to traditional devices that were, that were used.
- 16:53It's friendly.
- 16:54I wanna use this thing and don't gimme, I, I have this apple I use all the time.
- 16:58Don't make me use this clunky junk when I go into the, to the hospital.
- 17:01I want to use my own device, John.
- 17:03So that's what they're doing.
- 17:03They're making it easy for consumers and for physicians.
- 17:06I, I'm with you, but I don't think of my devices as friendly.
- 17:10I mean, I think your anthrop, profor, you really are in love with your devices.
- 17:13They now, you're anthropomorphizing them.
- 17:15I mean, your device, it's hardware, David.
- 17:18Um, John, you're lucky I didn't give.
- 17:21You're lucky I didn't give Walgreens a w on their report card, so, so talk to me a little bit about how does, okay, so you're, you're the device ccra, my device, crazy partner in crime here, for example.
- 17:33That's fine.
- 17:33But they haven't really made any much progress, although they're, they're monitoring devices are bringing more to the power.
- 17:38I mean, the fact that, yeah.
- 17:40I, well, I've had friends who've, who've, who've identified their arrhythmias or, or, or, or atrial fibrillation, blah, blah, blah, blah.
- 17:47Yeah.
- 17:48Which is a very serious heart condition based on just where in the Apple Watch, right?
- 17:51What about not the Amazon, what about Amazon?
- 17:54Right, so Amazon, so Amazon, so unlike Google or Apple, Amazon is actually trying to compete with.
- 18:02Hospital systems.
- 18:04And so they've got things like Amazon Care, you know, they are actually doing in terms of distribution of products.
- 18:10They sell a lot of products into, into physician offices, just like they do with, uh, with any small business.
- 18:15Their devices are terrible.
- 18:17Um, and they've had a lot of stops and starts, right?
- 18:19So they started, I, I hope by Kendall.
- 18:22Great.
- 18:22Just try.
- 18:23Don't try to talk to him about your health issues, John.
- 18:25I mean, it's good for books.
- 18:26I like the Kindle too, but it's good for books.
- 18:28That's where Amazon started with books, so that's Amazon.
- 18:31Uh, yeah, they haven't done as well.
- 18:32I think that, uh, somebody like Walmart, uh, is more of a threat because what they, what they go after in healthcare is cost, and that's what matters to a lot of people.
- 18:41Forget about how great this, that, or the other technology is.
- 18:43If I can't afford it, it's no good and Walmart understands that.
- 18:46So that's how they're different.
- 18:48That's very different from Google.
- 18:48So I, I didn't ask about Walmart, but thanks for bringing it up.
- 18:52Um, but on Amazon, Amazon, they bought that online pharmacy.
- 18:57It's taken them years to integrate that in years and years and years.
- 19:02Um, they actually used the p e ESI to really administer that, so I'm not sure they're gonna make a big impact there.
- 19:09They bought one medical.
- 19:10Yeah.
- 19:10Which is sort of a digitally enabled primary care for the, the, the tech, tech-friendly, healthy people who don't really need chronic care.
- 19:19Yeah.
- 19:19Somebody doesn't need an experienced physician.
- 19:23They've talked a lot about.
- 19:27As long as you don't need an experienced physician, one medical is perfect.
- 19:30Like that's like, that's like when they have law students, they say like one L, that's like one medical one.
- 19:35It's like one d e.
- 19:37Exactly.
- 19:37Um, so they're not really that serious, but it's interesting that.
- 19:42Because healthcare presents 20% of the American economy and healthcare is kind of, has got a lot of challenges of cost and complexity.
- 19:49All these technology companies really stumble or, or certainly are slower to make big contributions than any of us would expect given the power that they have.
- 20:00I mean, do you think that's gonna change?
- 20:01I mean, do you think that your friend, you know, our friends at Google will finally be able to have some breakthroughs in either these, these, uh, moonshot ideas of.
- 20:11Or just in the basics of, of accessing and getting care, driving, hopefully drive better outcomes at a lower cost.
- 20:17I mean, what's Google's play here?
- 20:21I, I, I, I don't agree with you about Google making an impact or not.
- 20:24I think they've made an impact.
- 20:26I think what happens is that there's a lot of, they're about organizing the world's information.
- 20:29A lot of the world's information is healthcare information, and they're organizing it as best as they can.
- 20:35You don't think the world's informa No, they're not.
- 20:36They don't, they, you're just, you're just, you're just swallowing the whole, uh, they're here to organize the world's No.
- 20:42They're here to retrieve the world's information in an accessible, user-friendly way.
- 20:47They don't create the information.
- 20:49They don't even.
- 20:50Well, they curate it to some degree, but people are basically, I mean, the great joy, the great benefit of their business is the more, the more people search, the smarter the search engine gets.
- 21:01Yeah.
- 21:02So in some ways it's not organizing the world's information, it's organizing the world to help them get information, and then taking all that labor.
- 21:11That we do and all of the insights that we provide because they, they're, they're sucking up our information, our personal information, our purchasing habits, our behaviors, and then making money by selling ads.
- 21:23I mean, this whole, you know, the organized, the world's information, they're not like the, the, the great library of the world, David, right?
- 21:31They're the great ad machine of the world.
- 21:33Yeah, yeah, yeah.
- 21:33So the thing, the issue, when you think about Google, you gotta remember, you're not the customer, you're the product.
- 21:39They're looking at what you're doing.
- 21:40Correct.
- 21:41And let me just go, and you, you've been the one who's been, you know, like you've trying to put me on my back foot that I'm defending Google.
- 21:46I'm just explaining it to you, John.
- 21:47But let's go back to this thing about using AI to replace traditional ultrasound machines in places that can't afford ultrasound machines.
- 21:54John, I'll answer my own question here, so I won't put you on the spot, but if you look at poor countries, low income countries that use ultrasound, What do they use ultrasound for?
- 22:01John?
- 22:02Ultrasound is used for sex selective abortions.
- 22:05And that's what it's used for.
- 22:06Yes.
- 22:06In India and China.
- 22:07And what do you think is gonna happen if you don't actually even need the machine and can use ai?
- 22:11So that's a real issue to, to be concerned about.
- 22:14Well, no, I think, I think it's a, it's true.
- 22:16Anytime you deploy technology, you're never quite sure, particularly given the, the, the variety of countries, behaviors, cultures that.
- 22:23That are involved, but, okay.
- 22:24David, now that we've, we've successfully identified all of the failures of tech where all these people are making more money and have more complicated jobs than, than our own, now that we've criticized them, what is your advice for these, these tech giants, now that we've identified what's wrong?
- 22:41What's your advice to Google to have a big impact on healthcare?
- 22:46John, my advice would be similar to what we, you know, the flight attendants tell you, which is, you know, sit back, relax, and enjoy the, the fine service.
- 22:53Uh, there's a lot of information out there and it's coming in and people need help with it, and they're gonna end up going to Google.
- 22:59Uh, by default they need to make sure they don't lose the AI race.
- 23:03And so I think that they're being very smart and they should continue to position themselves as a responsible player in ai.
- 23:09And then after the dust settles, uh, they're gonna be.
- 23:12In the driver's seat.
- 23:13John, I'll let you give your answer and then we're gonna close out here.
- 23:16So, David, while your, your, your tray is not in the upright and locked position, I think let's, let's keep it simple.
- 23:23Why doesn't Google take on.
- 23:25Cleaning up all the dumb administrative problems in healthcare.
- 23:29You know, my explanation of benefits doesn't make any sense.
- 23:33The bills are, are, are complicated and, and there's probably 20% of all healthcare costs that are tied to administrative hassles that if we could standardize, simplify, and automate the use of that information, we could cut costs tomorrow.
- 23:46Let's stop trying to cure cancer and let's, how about they just fix the bills?
- 23:50And how people get paid.
- 23:52I think that would be super helpful, David, and that I would, I would sort of aim, aim, aim a little bit lower than curing cancer to just solve some of the basic challenges in healthcare.
- 24:02Oh, that makes sense, John.
- 24:03And, and that's what the, the cloud unit says they're doing with that, with their claims data activator and claims acceleration suite.
- 24:09So we'll tell 'em to accelerate the accelerator.
- 24:11Well, that's it for yet another edition of Care Talk.
- 24:14We've been talking today about Google Health and whether they've been successful or will be successful and what advice they should have.
- 24:20I'm David Williams, president of Health Business Group.
- 24:23And I'm John Driscoll, the president of Walgreens Health.
- 24:25If you like what you heard, we'd love you to subscribe on your favorite service.