Latest / Ridiculous History / The Phantom Barber of Pascagoula
Transcript
- 0:00Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Welcome
- 0:27Speaker 1: back to the show Ridiculous Historians. As always, thank you
- 0:30Speaker 1: so much for tuning in. Shout out to our super
- 0:33Speaker 1: producer Casey Pegram and a very special shout out to
- 0:39Speaker 1: our super producer Max Williams. I've ben Noel. Max is
- 0:45Speaker 1: with us today. He's with us corporeally, or at least
- 0:48Speaker 1: in in in zoom form, which is basically it's good.
- 0:51Speaker 1: That's about the best we can hope for these days.
- 0:53Speaker 1: Digital poorly will work. We'll work on that whatever whatever
- 0:56Speaker 1: it takes. Max, would you like to say a few
- 0:58Speaker 1: words to mark the occasion? Hey, everyone, I guess these
- 1:01Speaker 1: are first few words. Yeah, super excited to be here. Um,
- 1:05Speaker 1: super fun, I mean first time here, so I don't
- 1:07Speaker 1: know that's fun all I got to set. First time lurker,
- 1:10Speaker 1: no long time lurker, first time talker. Yes, welcome Max.
- 1:16Speaker 1: Thank you for joining us today. No, Max has been
- 1:19Speaker 1: doing a time of work with us behind the scenes.
- 1:22Speaker 1: And you know how we are. We're big fans of
- 1:25Speaker 1: of grabbing our friends and colleagues for the show, and
- 1:29Speaker 1: sometimes against their will, but they usually warm up too
- 1:32Speaker 1: the idea eventually. Yes, yeah, yeah, concentus key. So today
- 1:37Speaker 1: Max Noel and I are exploring uh strange tale from Pascagoula, Mississippi.
- 1:45Speaker 1: No Nol have you spent much time in Mississippi? I
- 1:48Speaker 1: spent basically effectively zero time in Mississippi. I imagine that
- 1:52Speaker 1: I have passed through it. Nothing really specifically comes to
- 1:56Speaker 1: minds as far as like a notable occurrence in my
- 2:00Speaker 1: life taking place in Mississippi. But I do love the
- 2:03Speaker 1: name Pascagoula. It sounds like kind of spooky. I think
- 2:06Speaker 1: it's because of the ghoul part. Maybe it makes me
- 2:08Speaker 1: think that it's like some sort of creepy town where
- 2:11Speaker 1: you know, ghoules live. But I don't think that's the
- 2:13Speaker 1: case at all. But there were some creepy occurrences that
- 2:16Speaker 1: took place in Pascagoula three years into World War Two,
- 2:19Speaker 1: in the summer of nineteen forty two. It was something
- 2:22Speaker 1: of a ghoul of a bit of a creeper, a
- 2:25Speaker 1: lurker of the night um. But thankfully there were no
- 2:28Speaker 1: throats cut, there were no people smothered with pillows where
- 2:32Speaker 1: they slept, but they there were some non consensual haircuts afoot. Yeah, Yeah,
- 2:38Speaker 1: that's that's where this already starts out in a pretty
- 2:41Speaker 1: unique way. So imagine you're in law and order Pascagoula.
- 2:47Speaker 1: Do you get to the get to the scene of
- 2:53Speaker 1: the crime where someone has been I shouldn't laugh, Where
- 2:57Speaker 1: someone has been in a way assaulted but not sexually,
- 3:01Speaker 1: and they haven't been physically harmed in terms of their limbs,
- 3:05Speaker 1: but their egos may have taken a tremendous blow because
- 3:11Speaker 1: their hair was gone, and I don't think they were
- 3:14Speaker 1: shaped there. Their entire heads weren't shaved, but they were
- 3:18Speaker 1: kind of like, uh, they were slapdash locks cut off, right. Yeah,
- 3:22Speaker 1: I mean we'll get we'll get more into the aesthetics
- 3:24Speaker 1: of it as we go along. But like I said,
- 3:27Speaker 1: I think I'm gonna go with the phrase, like you
- 3:29Speaker 1: do for ambulance has been non consensual ubers, these are
- 3:32Speaker 1: non consensual haircuts. In nineteen forty two, this is all
- 3:36Speaker 1: kind of, you know, surrounding this war effort. The US
- 3:40Speaker 1: was absolutely in a nasty, nasty state socially society. Pearl Harbor,
- 3:46Speaker 1: you know, obviously freed everybody out and was a real
- 3:49Speaker 1: kind of like come to Jesus moment in terms of like, okay,
- 3:52Speaker 1: maybe we're not as invincible as we thought against outside enemies. Um.
- 3:56Speaker 1: And so all of these young, strapping men went off
- 3:59Speaker 1: to fight that Jarman's in the Japanese overseas. Uh. And
- 4:03Speaker 1: of course, you know, as we know, like with um
- 4:05Speaker 1: Rosie the Riveter, in that whole campaign, women were taking
- 4:09Speaker 1: over all these factory jobs that were once held down
- 4:11Speaker 1: by men, and these small towns suddenly became responsible for
- 4:16Speaker 1: generating tons of stuff needed for the war effort. Yeah, exactly.
- 4:21Speaker 1: Pascagoulu is one of the many historically smaller towns that
- 4:25Speaker 1: have been transformed by the war. So they originally had
- 4:30Speaker 1: a population of about five thousand if you want a
- 4:32Speaker 1: ballpark it and in a very short amount of time
- 4:36Speaker 1: that ballooned it trebled to fifteen thousand. And a larger
- 4:42Speaker 1: population means a couple of things. Right first, it can
- 4:44Speaker 1: be a huge boost for the local businesses, but it
- 4:48Speaker 1: also means, you know it, to put it loosely, more people,
- 4:53Speaker 1: more problems. The police force is overwhelmed trying to keep
- 4:58Speaker 1: all these newcomer is in line. There's an uptick in
- 5:02Speaker 1: drunken brawls, break ins, all the petty street crime, but
- 5:08Speaker 1: by far the phantom barber was the menace that took
- 5:13Speaker 1: people most by surprise and that most people came to
- 5:16Speaker 1: worry about on a nightly basis. I do want to
- 5:19Speaker 1: point out that sometimes just a quick amendment here, sometimes
- 5:22Speaker 1: he was able to get a full head of hair
- 5:24Speaker 1: off people. I think. I mean, obviously, this is more
- 5:27Speaker 1: innocuous than a serial killer who was building some kind
- 5:29Speaker 1: of maccab shrine out of the severed limbs of his victim.
- 5:33Speaker 1: Which gotta wonder what the phantom barber was doing with
- 5:36Speaker 1: this Pilford hair. It's interesting though, he had kind of
- 5:40Speaker 1: a leg up because of the kind of army occupation
- 5:44Speaker 1: of this town, because the Army had something called blackout
- 5:47Speaker 1: regulations that made it easier for him to to get
- 5:49Speaker 1: his dirty deed done. He absolutely at this time resources
- 5:54Speaker 1: were out of premium, and it wasn't uncommon for either
- 5:59Speaker 1: do tech aconomic concerns or due to security concerns. It
- 6:03Speaker 1: wasn't uncommon for the army to institute restrictions on things.
- 6:08Speaker 1: You know, food could be rationed at times, rubber steel,
- 6:12Speaker 1: those industries were affected, and then blackout regulations were considered.
- 6:18Speaker 1: In this case, they were considered a security matter or
- 6:22Speaker 1: a patriotic duty, because the idea was that if you've
- 6:26Speaker 1: turned off lights electric lights at night, then it would
- 6:31Speaker 1: be more difficult for enemy forces to figure out where
- 6:35Speaker 1: they should bomb. Which makes sense. People could have lights
- 6:38Speaker 1: on at their houses, right, they just had to have
- 6:40Speaker 1: blackout curtains exactly. Um, but I think maybe, yeah, I
- 6:44Speaker 1: don't know. Blackout cooms to me seemed like a little
- 6:46Speaker 1: bit more of a maybe a modern innovation, But that's
- 6:49Speaker 1: not necessarily true. They would have had to use maybe
- 6:52Speaker 1: cardboard or even paint the windows, you know, to have
- 6:55Speaker 1: them be opaque so the light wouldn't come in. But
- 6:57Speaker 1: I think rather than do that, some people maybe just
- 6:59Speaker 1: turn the light out a little earlier than normal. Yeah,
- 7:02Speaker 1: it seems less hassle, right, it doesn't. Remember that episode
- 7:05Speaker 1: we did about the very innovative Frenchman who built the
- 7:09Speaker 1: tiny scale model of of Paris to try to throw
- 7:13Speaker 1: off the bombers. Similarly, right, because if they killed the
- 7:16Speaker 1: lights in the actual city and they built this kind
- 7:19Speaker 1: of you know, model where from the sky would look
- 7:22Speaker 1: much like you were seeing the Paris skyline, you would
- 7:26Speaker 1: only be able to achieve that if actual Paris was
- 7:28Speaker 1: totally blacked out. So it's all tracks, and let's let's
- 7:32Speaker 1: look at how these crimes began. As you said, no,
- 7:36Speaker 1: this begins in nineteen forty two, on Friday June five,
- 7:41Speaker 1: two women living at a convent called Our Lady of Victories,
- 7:47Speaker 1: one Mary Evelyn Briggs and one Edna Marie Hidel. They
- 7:51Speaker 1: were shocked when they saw a guy climbing out of
- 7:55Speaker 1: their bedroom window, and they saw him as he was
- 8:05Speaker 1: leaving h They were unharmed, but each of them was
- 8:09Speaker 1: missing a lock of hair, and max if we could
- 8:12Speaker 1: get a little like um, something kind of unsolved mystery vibe,
- 8:17Speaker 1: but not close enough to that to get us sued
- 8:19Speaker 1: while we give you a dramatic reading from the Greenville
- 8:23Speaker 1: News and only want to do the honors on this one. Oh,
- 8:26Speaker 1: by all means been The only victim of the hair
- 8:30Speaker 1: shere who woke in time to see the barber was
- 8:33Speaker 1: Mary Evelyn Bridges at Our Lady of Victories convent. I
- 8:37Speaker 1: saw a figure of a kind of short, fat man,
- 8:40Speaker 1: she said, bending over me with something shiny in his hand.
- 8:44Speaker 1: And he was fooling with my hand. When he saw
- 8:47Speaker 1: me open my eyes, he said, I yelled. He jumped
- 8:51Speaker 1: out the window, so he had to be an at
- 8:53Speaker 1: least kind of decent shape. He's jumping through windows and whatnot.
- 8:58Speaker 1: Look at this time, so w aller to the situation
- 9:01Speaker 1: with the mad gas or everybody in town, everybody in
- 9:05Speaker 1: the nation is pretty paranoid. Things are tense. Uh, there's
- 9:10Speaker 1: a lot of propaganda asking you to consider whether or
- 9:13Speaker 1: not your neighbor is indeed a spy. So this very
- 9:17Speaker 1: weird attack didn't do much to make people feel safer
- 9:20Speaker 1: in their homes. And by the time the next Monday
- 9:24Speaker 1: rolls around, the town is rife with stories and rumors.
- 9:29Speaker 1: In the game of telephone is already beginning. People are embellishing,
- 9:33Speaker 1: adding details, and this we can only imagine may have
- 9:38Speaker 1: been an incentive of sort to the Frowler. And this
- 9:43Speaker 1: is where we go. You know what, We're not gonna
- 9:45Speaker 1: maybe we call this Law and Order Pascagoula, but maybe
- 9:48Speaker 1: it's the episode that leads us to the spinoff Law
- 9:50Speaker 1: and order hair crime. Exactly. There's a special unit what
- 9:55Speaker 1: what what is it? Uh? In the criminal justice system,
- 9:58Speaker 1: some crimes are of uh what is it? Hairsuit nature?
- 10:02Speaker 1: Maybe a hairy person? Yeah, exactly, Um, what's that word here? Hairsuit?
- 10:07Speaker 1: Doesn't that refer to someone that's Harry. Yeah, I gotta
- 10:10Speaker 1: got it. These are their stories. But anyway, Yeah, it's like,
- 10:14Speaker 1: to me, though, this is scary because I look at
- 10:17Speaker 1: cutting a lock of hair as sort of a pervy, creepy,
- 10:20Speaker 1: fetishy thing. Um that that is how I see it,
- 10:24Speaker 1: unless he again, he has some like, you know, grand
- 10:26Speaker 1: scheme of building the ultimate wig Frankenstein together. That's still
- 10:30Speaker 1: creepy in pervy in and of itself. But like, we
- 10:32Speaker 1: know that people have like hair fetishes. But it's interesting
- 10:35Speaker 1: because hair, you know, is ultimately a waste product. Um.
- 10:40Speaker 1: There's a really great article in the New statesman um
- 10:43Speaker 1: that kind of breaks the very unusual and fraught human
- 10:48Speaker 1: hair trade down. Apparently it has quite a rich political backstory,
- 10:54Speaker 1: but it's true. I mean, you know, like wigs made
- 10:57Speaker 1: of human hair are the more sought after ones and
- 10:59Speaker 1: more expend so my kid is really into wigs. For example,
- 11:02Speaker 1: the synthetic ones are apparently a lot more difficult to style.
- 11:06Speaker 1: But there are other historical uses for human hair. For example,
- 11:09Speaker 1: it can be used to strengthen kind of mud and
- 11:13Speaker 1: dung wall, you know, situations in like adobe huts or
- 11:18Speaker 1: in Indian villages where they're using. This is like kind
- 11:21Speaker 1: of like a conduit to bind things together. It can
- 11:24Speaker 1: be used in in Irish vegetable gardens. Um hair is
- 11:28Speaker 1: sometimes mixed with other substances to repel snails um and
- 11:32Speaker 1: it can be woven into mats. And I always forget
- 11:35Speaker 1: about this Oneman, but it can be used to soak
- 11:37Speaker 1: up oil spills. Yeah, yeah, it can. It can also
- 11:41Speaker 1: be wound into ropes that can be well generally they're
- 11:46Speaker 1: put around rickshaws to word off bad luck. But you're right.
- 11:50Speaker 1: The hair trade, the human hair trade and specific is
- 11:54Speaker 1: pretty old. It was also not always super happy fun
- 11:58Speaker 1: time for the people of volved in the trade. In
- 12:01Speaker 1: eighteen forty, Thomas Trollope with an E watched hair dealers
- 12:07Speaker 1: rounding up peasant girls and sharing them like sheep. And
- 12:10Speaker 1: if you were in prisons, workhouses or hospitals in England
- 12:15Speaker 1: in the eighteen hundreds, you might find your head shaved
- 12:19Speaker 1: and those institutions might sell your hair for an extra
- 12:23Speaker 1: bit of income. And it's weird because this was such
- 12:28Speaker 1: a problem, as The New Statesman reports that during some
- 12:32Speaker 1: waves of US immigration, immigrants who consider themselves hair dealers
- 12:38Speaker 1: were actually barred from Ellis Islands. Still they were able
- 12:41Speaker 1: to get in and soon there was a booming hair
- 12:46Speaker 1: industry in the Big Apple in New York City itself.
- 12:49Speaker 1: That's right, I just want to go back to like
- 12:51Speaker 1: the you know, the shaving of someone's head, especially a
- 12:54Speaker 1: woman when they're incarcerated, for example. It's like a dehumanizing
- 12:59Speaker 1: thing to do, right, It's like saying like you are
- 13:01Speaker 1: no longer you no longer have an identity because so
- 13:04Speaker 1: many people tie their sense of self to the way
- 13:07Speaker 1: they look, and so much of the way some people
- 13:09Speaker 1: look is tied to the way they wear their hair.
- 13:11Speaker 1: So it really it's kind of a twofold thing, right, yeah, yeah,
- 13:14Speaker 1: And you know, there's ancient precedence to this. We can
- 13:19Speaker 1: rightly assume that many people from earlier cultures felt roughly
- 13:24Speaker 1: the same, like there's the One of the most infamous
- 13:27Speaker 1: stories of non consensual haircuts comes from the story of
- 13:31Speaker 1: Sampson right where he has where he has his hair
- 13:35Speaker 1: and then and there by his strength removed because he
- 13:39Speaker 1: gets he gets suckered in by a con artist. But
- 13:42Speaker 1: there are newer versions of these crimes. Because the industry
- 13:47Speaker 1: is so lucrative, the underground element gets involved and before,
- 13:52Speaker 1: way before the phantom Barber of Pascagoula, there were already
- 13:58Speaker 1: hair criminals and they were robbing, particularly women, of their hair.
- 14:03Speaker 1: This was like a well known crime. It was in
- 14:06Speaker 1: eighteen sixty three The Hairdressers Journal wrote a piece about
- 14:11Speaker 1: this trend, both the warn people and to sell more
- 14:15Speaker 1: editions of the Hairdresser's Journal, Max kicking that music again perfect.
- 14:22Speaker 1: Even in the present day, it has happened over and
- 14:25Speaker 1: over again that a good crop of hair has been
- 14:27Speaker 1: laid and wait for and shorn from the trembling victim
- 14:30Speaker 1: who has only been too glad to get free with
- 14:34Speaker 1: but the loss of her hair. So they're saying, hey,
- 14:37Speaker 1: at least they didn't die. Waca waca waka, no doubt.
- 14:41Speaker 1: The Times of London actually reported on this uh in
- 14:44Speaker 1: April of eighteen nine, with the headline hair thieves not
- 14:48Speaker 1: alarmist at all. An American paper states that, in consequence
- 14:52Speaker 1: of the demand for hair of peculiar colors and shades,
- 14:55Speaker 1: a new brand of cleptic industry because I love that
- 14:58Speaker 1: cleptic industry has sprung up in New Walk. The trusses
- 15:01Speaker 1: dangling behind the head are easy prey, so that's correct.
- 15:05Speaker 1: People are literally running up behind these women and then
- 15:10Speaker 1: trying to get as much hair as they can as
- 15:12Speaker 1: quickly as possible. This is, to say the least, and
- 15:15Speaker 1: a troubling, if not traumatic experience. And you'll see other
- 15:19Speaker 1: reports from different magazines and papers of the day in
- 15:24Speaker 1: Europe and in the US. But there's something else at
- 15:29Speaker 1: play here, you see, there's not there. There are people
- 15:33Speaker 1: stealing hair for a financial motive, but then there are
- 15:36Speaker 1: also people who have frankly a fetish as their primary motivator.
- 15:41Speaker 1: And when they cut off someone's hair, overwhelmingly a woman's hair,
- 15:46Speaker 1: they're not planning to sell it. They covet it, they
- 15:48Speaker 1: take it home, they take they hide it, they touch
- 15:52Speaker 1: and cress and smell at it. It's it's weird. It's
- 15:54Speaker 1: like a control over someone. I mentioned that at the
- 15:58Speaker 1: top of the show. That definitely feels a little bit
- 16:01Speaker 1: more like what this phantom barber was up to, especially
- 16:04Speaker 1: with the whole home invasion aspect of it. Uh. And
- 16:07Speaker 1: the thing that I was getting out that I didn't
- 16:08Speaker 1: quite get to um is it feels like there's potential
- 16:11Speaker 1: for escalation here. A lot of times, you know, maybe
- 16:14Speaker 1: someone who has the potential to be rapist or a
- 16:17Speaker 1: murderer will start off kind of like edging at the
- 16:21Speaker 1: ultimate crime, right, Like you start off by breaking in
- 16:24Speaker 1: and cutting a lock of hair, but then that stops
- 16:26Speaker 1: doing it for you, and then you have to, like,
- 16:27Speaker 1: you know, take it to the next level. And that's
- 16:29Speaker 1: the kind of thing you see in those Law and
- 16:30Speaker 1: Order episodes all the time, and it would certainly be
- 16:32Speaker 1: addressed in Law and Order hair crimes. But these uh,
- 16:36Speaker 1: hair fetishists. There's a couple of names for them that
- 16:39Speaker 1: seem maybe a little dated or like they were coined
- 16:41Speaker 1: back in these days, but I've never heard of these before,
- 16:45Speaker 1: and they're fascinating. One of them is called plate cutter.
- 16:48Speaker 1: Oh that's p L a I T. Correct or hair despoilers,
- 16:54Speaker 1: which kind of makes me think that they're doing something
- 16:57Speaker 1: to the hair afterwards when they get at home. Yeah, yeah,
- 17:01Speaker 1: hopefully they're just watching it. But this is this is
- 17:05Speaker 1: a family show. There's there's also I do want to
- 17:08Speaker 1: step back and point out another huge piece of mythology
- 17:14Speaker 1: and folklore here, which is that hair, along with things
- 17:18Speaker 1: like teeth or nail clippings. Toe and fingernail clippings are
- 17:23Speaker 1: are often considered to have religious or even magical significance.
- 17:28Speaker 1: It's a true story. Like if you get your hair
- 17:30Speaker 1: cut in some parts of the world today and the
- 17:32Speaker 1: common practices to burn it so that a miscreant magician
- 17:37Speaker 1: will not gather it for some nefarious use. Well, and
- 17:40Speaker 1: let's not forget I mean the modern you know, version
- 17:43Speaker 1: of magic in so many ways as science and what
- 17:46Speaker 1: are you looking for if you're trying to, like, you know,
- 17:48Speaker 1: pin a crime on somebody and you want to match
- 17:51Speaker 1: their DNA or something that seems the crime. There's that
- 17:53Speaker 1: old trick where you know, you you pluck a piece
- 17:55Speaker 1: of their hair while they're sleeping or something like that,
- 17:57Speaker 1: or you go in you know, their bathroom them and
- 18:00Speaker 1: like look for you know, lip marks on a glass
- 18:03Speaker 1: or something like that, or you steal a toothbrush. But
- 18:05Speaker 1: hair absolutely contains all of that. And they also say
- 18:08Speaker 1: that hair samples is one of the only ways you
- 18:11Speaker 1: can tell if someone has done certain classes of drug before,
- 18:14Speaker 1: Like there is a you know, like a urine samples
- 18:17Speaker 1: is one level, but it won't reveal everything. Hair apparently,
- 18:20Speaker 1: sort of like the rungs of a tree or the
- 18:22Speaker 1: rings in the inside of a tree, has much more
- 18:25Speaker 1: of a history to it as to like what someone
- 18:27Speaker 1: has consumed, and you can see if someone has done
- 18:30Speaker 1: classes of psychedelic drugs that won't show up in other tests. Yeah, yeah,
- 18:34Speaker 1: you know, I'm glad you brought that up, because for
- 18:37Speaker 1: anyone wondering, I believe the ballpark is about seven years.
- 18:42Speaker 1: Your hair is about a seven year record of your
- 18:45Speaker 1: encounters with certain substances. There are I remember hearing their
- 18:50Speaker 1: shampoos that can do something, but I would be very
- 18:54Speaker 1: if you're in a situation where that matters, I would
- 18:57Speaker 1: read very carefully about their efficacy. And it's a much
- 19:00Speaker 1: more expensive test. So you know, if your employer is
- 19:04Speaker 1: going for that one, they mean business, you know, in
- 19:06Speaker 1: terms of like they're not gonna let anything slide. Um.
- 19:10Speaker 1: Thankfully we work in podcasting and so we didn't have
- 19:13Speaker 1: to worry about that kind of stuff. No comments, but
- 19:17Speaker 1: let's talk about let's talk about this next attack. So
- 19:19Speaker 1: he said, the barber clearly is pretty excited. This is
- 19:24Speaker 1: their first reported attack. It is quite possible that they're
- 19:27Speaker 1: just one of the many people who moved to Pascagoula recently,
- 19:31Speaker 1: and that they have been doing other stuff escalating up
- 19:33Speaker 1: to this. Uh in some other town somewhere else. But
- 19:37Speaker 1: they appeared to love the press, or they couldn't control themselves,
- 19:41Speaker 1: because just a few days later, Monday June, at the
- 19:45Speaker 1: home of the p D family, the barber cuts a
- 19:49Speaker 1: slit in the windows screen. He crawls inside his victim,
- 19:53Speaker 1: a six year old child, Carold p D, sleeping next
- 19:57Speaker 1: to her twin brother. He only one of the young
- 20:01Speaker 1: lady's hair though. Yeah, super creepy, remember you know how, Gabe,
- 20:07Speaker 1: sometimes when we do these kind of like stories of
- 20:10Speaker 1: these weird lone wolf creepers, oftentimes there's like a series
- 20:14Speaker 1: of toys from the I think early nineties called Monster
- 20:17Speaker 1: in My Pocket, And there definitely was one of the
- 20:20Speaker 1: Jersey Devil, and there was definitely one of the Mad Gasser.
- 20:24Speaker 1: Don't know if the Phantom barber is quite ghoulish enough
- 20:27Speaker 1: to make that collection, but I would be interested to
- 20:30Speaker 1: see if that. He usually includes that as a little
- 20:32Speaker 1: addendum at the end. And by the way, there was
- 20:34Speaker 1: a Monster in My Pocket edition of of this figure. No,
- 20:37Speaker 1: it's true, and he seems to be getting more bold,
- 20:40Speaker 1: doesn't he. This time he was a little sloppy and
- 20:43Speaker 1: he left a clue behind for the hair squad. Um
- 20:48Speaker 1: the hair crime unit to take a look at. It
- 20:50Speaker 1: was a footprint near the window. And back then, like
- 20:53Speaker 1: you know, they didn't have DNA test, but a footprint
- 20:56Speaker 1: you could match it. You you literally have to like
- 20:58Speaker 1: do your detective work and go around to various shoe
- 21:01Speaker 1: stores and like you know, take the print and like
- 21:04Speaker 1: like have you seen this shoe? You know, I love that.
- 21:07Speaker 1: I love the analog nature of this early kind of
- 21:10Speaker 1: detective work. You know. Yeah, it's it's a noir Cinderella,
- 21:15Speaker 1: but we're looking for a creep rather than apprentice. The
- 21:19Speaker 1: point about escalation is key often times, unfortunately, as you
- 21:24Speaker 1: know if you're a fan of true crime, these sorts
- 21:26Speaker 1: of individuals can escalate both their sexual and their physical
- 21:31Speaker 1: violence to the point where murder can come into play.
- 21:36Speaker 1: And it looks like our barber is getting more and
- 21:40Speaker 1: more violent very quickly. It's only the next Friday night,
- 21:51Speaker 1: June when he invades the home of the Heidelberg family
- 21:57Speaker 1: and just like his emo with previous attacks, he cuts
- 22:00Speaker 1: the windows screen. He enters through the window, but instead
- 22:04Speaker 1: of just cutting hair and then sneaking away, he attacked
- 22:09Speaker 1: the couple with an iron bar and he actually knocked
- 22:12Speaker 1: out some of Mrs Heidelberg's front teeth knocked her husband unconscious.
- 22:16Speaker 1: So that's a concussion at the very least. And it
- 22:19Speaker 1: happened so quickly that neither of the Heidelberg's could really
- 22:23Speaker 1: describe their attack or even you know, even to the
- 22:26Speaker 1: degree that Mary did earlier. They couldn't say, this is
- 22:29Speaker 1: a short, rotund man. They said, I don't know what happened,
- 22:32Speaker 1: you know, but this guy knocked my teeth out. And
- 22:35Speaker 1: so the police, they're already, remember, overwhelmed by a huge
- 22:40Speaker 1: population growth of like ten thousand strangers. But they find
- 22:44Speaker 1: six men, they deputize them. They bring him bloodhounds and
- 22:47Speaker 1: they say, they say, let's get on the case. Done indeed,
- 22:51Speaker 1: Um do do do dode do do do do do
- 22:55Speaker 1: do do do do do? Sorry, I actually watched it
- 22:58Speaker 1: SVU last night, so that theme is impetded deep, deep,
- 23:00Speaker 1: deep within my psyche right now. But yeah, you bring
- 23:02Speaker 1: in the bloodhounds. You know, the pitchforks are next, you know, torches.
- 23:06Speaker 1: I mean they are after this guy literally, you know,
- 23:09Speaker 1: out for blood, which is what the bloodhounds are are
- 23:11Speaker 1: searching for. Um, everybody knows that. But the dogs were
- 23:14Speaker 1: able to pick up a scent, presumably from a pair
- 23:17Speaker 1: of blood stained gloves. Um. This totally supports my thesis
- 23:21Speaker 1: on like the outskirts of town, the edge of the
- 23:24Speaker 1: woods kinda. But that's where they lost the trail, and
- 23:27Speaker 1: the police believed that the criminal behind these attacks had
- 23:32Speaker 1: stored a bicycle somewhere in the woods to make his
- 23:35Speaker 1: daring escape on a bike. That doesn't sound very exciting
- 23:38Speaker 1: to me, but I mean, you know, it's it's functional.
- 23:40Speaker 1: So fortunately the Heidelberg's have survived. But everyone is panicking now,
- 23:46Speaker 1: even the people who had perhaps more of a level
- 23:48Speaker 1: head during the previous two attacks. Men decreed that they
- 23:52Speaker 1: wouldn't work night shifts at the ship factories anymore because
- 23:56Speaker 1: they needed to stay home and protect their family, or
- 23:59Speaker 1: at least their families hair. And this had a direct
- 24:02Speaker 1: impact on production for the war efforts. Now there's gonna
- 24:06Speaker 1: be some federal pressure coming in. The police are at
- 24:10Speaker 1: a loss what the heck is going on. They offer
- 24:13Speaker 1: a three hundred dollar reward for information. Oh, Ben, I'm
- 24:18Speaker 1: already there. Can I do it this time? Yeah? Nol?
- 24:20Speaker 1: How about you do the honors with a little bit
- 24:22Speaker 1: of inflation calculation there. That would be the equivalent of
- 24:31Speaker 1: about one thousand, five hundred six dollars and seventy six
- 24:35Speaker 1: cents and today money, which to me seems that seems
- 24:38Speaker 1: a little light, doesn't it for for a home and
- 24:41Speaker 1: a home invader who's knocking out teeth and slicing locks. Well,
- 24:45Speaker 1: they may have had the threat of federal pressure, but
- 24:48Speaker 1: they weren't getting federal funding for this, and we're already
- 24:53Speaker 1: in a very vulnerable position. Women outright refused to go
- 24:56Speaker 1: out at night. People started applying for firearm permits. They
- 25:01Speaker 1: were getting ready. They sensed the pattern, and they predicted
- 25:04Speaker 1: there would be another attack. As mental Floss points out,
- 25:08Speaker 1: in this case, their predictions were correct. The final attack
- 25:12Speaker 1: that we know of occurs on a Sunday night. Mrs R. E.
- 25:16Speaker 1: Taylor has her hair non consensually cut. She said she
- 25:22Speaker 1: had been woken by something with a sickening smell passing
- 25:27Speaker 1: over her nose. So that he's a smelly boy too.
- 25:31Speaker 1: It makes sense, you know, he's he's obviously a some
- 25:34Speaker 1: sort of societal outcast, you know, who has no way
- 25:39Speaker 1: of interacting with human beings. I mean, you gotta wonder, though,
- 25:42Speaker 1: was he known. He seems like he would not do well,
- 25:45Speaker 1: just socially, and he would he would be seen as
- 25:47Speaker 1: kind of a miscreant or like someone who couldn't really
- 25:50Speaker 1: just get it get on day to day with with
- 25:52Speaker 1: normal people. That's just my theory though. So I'm wondering
- 25:56Speaker 1: if he lived out in the woods or something and
- 25:58Speaker 1: was sleeping rough, like say Ben, like if that's why,
- 26:01Speaker 1: maybe that's why he smelled bad and everybody noticed. Like I. So,
- 26:06Speaker 1: the way that a lot of Law and Order episodes
- 26:10Speaker 1: get written is there what a clearly telegraph who the
- 26:13Speaker 1: criminal is. Right, first rule is it's almost always going
- 26:16Speaker 1: to be the famous guest star, and that's always a
- 26:20Speaker 1: lot of fun. But in this I picture, like I
- 26:23Speaker 1: I picture maybe police just not putting together the puzzle.
- 26:27Speaker 1: Like there's a guy who comes into town once a
- 26:30Speaker 1: week or so for every few days to pick up
- 26:33Speaker 1: some really specific groceries, and the only person he talks
- 26:37Speaker 1: to is the cashier, and all he wants to talk
- 26:39Speaker 1: to about is people's hair. So he's like, hey, did
- 26:42Speaker 1: you see, uh, look at that lady going through that
- 26:45Speaker 1: the blonde hair. What do you think about that? They're like, yes, sir,
- 26:49Speaker 1: it's Sunday. People get dressed up and He's like, Yeah,
- 26:52Speaker 1: what do you how long you think it takes them
- 26:55Speaker 1: to do their hair like that? What do you think
- 26:56Speaker 1: about that? So so, I like it seems the theory
- 27:02Speaker 1: that someone might be sleeping rough seems to have some sand.
- 27:06Speaker 1: I would argue it sounds like they weren't showering, or
- 27:08Speaker 1: maybe they were trying to apply some sort of chemical.
- 27:12Speaker 1: This is maybe maybe that's the smell of something like
- 27:15Speaker 1: a chloroform rag or something like that. Yeah. Yeah, but
- 27:19Speaker 1: a lot of people have this misunderstanding of chloroform from
- 27:22Speaker 1: the world of fiction. You can't really just pop it
- 27:25Speaker 1: over someone's mouth and then take it away and have
- 27:28Speaker 1: them in sensate for a long time. You have to
- 27:32Speaker 1: keep it on understanding. Yeah. Yeah, it always seems like
- 27:36Speaker 1: a magic bullet whenever you see it done in these
- 27:38Speaker 1: these films, are people sneak up behind them, They're just
- 27:40Speaker 1: out like a light, you know, indefinitely, and then they
- 27:42Speaker 1: wake up in some sort of you know, hair covered layer.
- 27:46Speaker 1: That's what I'm picturing, just locks of hair all over
- 27:48Speaker 1: the wall, woven into like weird garlands or something. I
- 27:51Speaker 1: really do think this feels like an episode of Law
- 27:53Speaker 1: and Order. Ben, Are you familiar with the term. Obviously
- 27:56Speaker 1: there's who done it, but then there's how catch them?
- 27:58Speaker 1: Where they show you who it is at the big inning,
- 28:00Speaker 1: and then you like just kind of have to see
- 28:02Speaker 1: how the detectives are the you know, crack team of
- 28:05Speaker 1: investigators catch to the individual. I've never heard that that's interesting.
- 28:09Speaker 1: There's a sample. There's a show called luther Um starring
- 28:13Speaker 1: in dress elba Um, where at the very beginning of
- 28:15Speaker 1: every episode you see it's like a cold open where
- 28:17Speaker 1: you see a crime taking place and you very clearly
- 28:20Speaker 1: see who the who the killer is, and then you
- 28:22Speaker 1: see them in you know, their daily lives and oftentimes
- 28:26Speaker 1: they cross paths with the investigators or there's someone who
- 28:28Speaker 1: they're actively looking into. Colombo is a how catch them?
- 28:32Speaker 1: You always see who the killer is or who the
- 28:34Speaker 1: criminal is at the very beginning, and you know who
- 28:36Speaker 1: it is throughout the whole show. The twist isn't in
- 28:40Speaker 1: who they are. The twist is and how they're caught.
- 28:43Speaker 1: I see. Okay, Yeah, it's interesting, and there's a little
- 28:48Speaker 1: human detail we have to add. For miss r E. Taylor.
- 28:51Speaker 1: For anyone who's ever had a perm you understand that
- 28:55Speaker 1: this is something this can be kind of a big deal.
- 28:58Speaker 1: It makes you feel nice when you have your hair dined.
- 29:01Speaker 1: She is further upset by this attack because she has
- 29:05Speaker 1: just gotten a perm and now she's lost two inches
- 29:08Speaker 1: of it. She woke up feeling ill. One way that
- 29:12Speaker 1: newspapers of the time reported the cases, they referred to
- 29:16Speaker 1: this criminal as a tonsorial artist. Tonsorial is a fancy
- 29:21Speaker 1: dressed up word for barber or the work of a barber.
- 29:24Speaker 1: I did not know that. I had no idea. That's great. Um,
- 29:29Speaker 1: So you know, pressure is mounting, uh to low for
- 29:34Speaker 1: local law enforcement to find somebody to pin this on,
- 29:37Speaker 1: because you know, you can't have somebody just willy nilly
- 29:41Speaker 1: running around this town when everyone's under so much pressure
- 29:44Speaker 1: and stress because the boys being off at war and
- 29:46Speaker 1: all of these ships they gotta build, they gotta build it.
- 29:49Speaker 1: I don't know if we've mentioned specifically, but they're Stock
- 29:51Speaker 1: and Trade here in Pascagoula was building warships, So I
- 29:55Speaker 1: mean that's kind of a big deal, and that's a
- 29:56Speaker 1: lot of work. So this isn't cool. This is not
- 30:00Speaker 1: doing much good for anybody's mental health. So the cops
- 30:03Speaker 1: are very much looking to pin this on somebody, and
- 30:07Speaker 1: they get their wish in the form of a William Dolan,
- 30:11Speaker 1: a fifty seven year old chemists, sounds exactly like, uh,
- 30:15Speaker 1: everything we've been saying in terms of, like, you know,
- 30:17Speaker 1: the the profile, right, he's a fifty seven year old chemist,
- 30:20Speaker 1: and he had had beef with Mr Heidelberg's father, who
- 30:24Speaker 1: was a local magistrate, and that was over a legal issue.
- 30:27Speaker 1: So they believed that he maybe had attacked the couple
- 30:31Speaker 1: out of revenge. But see that detail here doesn't track
- 30:34Speaker 1: to me ben these previous attacks. Clearly Again, we're we're
- 30:38Speaker 1: not looking for someone who's out for revenge. We're looking
- 30:41Speaker 1: for someone who's out to kind of get some sort
- 30:43Speaker 1: of sick thrill or pleasure out of this crime, not
- 30:46Speaker 1: someone who's trying to you know, make a statement. Yeah,
- 30:50Speaker 1: this is so they're good. Everybody's strapping. They're gonna be
- 30:53Speaker 1: some twist and turns here. So from the Daily Times,
- 30:58Speaker 1: we can get a breaking news max perfect from the
- 31:01Speaker 1: Daily Times. Police GEF A. W as Well played today
- 31:04Speaker 1: that the fat of Barbara woke into at least ten
- 31:07Speaker 1: homes that cut the hair of the sleepy documents. Is
- 31:09Speaker 1: William ay Dolan, fifty seven German educated chemists Dolan, as
- 31:13Speaker 1: an announced, has been in jail for three weeks and
- 31:15Speaker 1: his charge with the attempted murder of the Heidelberg's. His
- 31:18Speaker 1: motivation as l charge was to impair the morale of
- 31:21Speaker 1: wall workers, which sounds like politicizing, Yeah, but here's the thing.
- 31:27Speaker 1: Here's the thing, because it does like we're making a
- 31:30Speaker 1: very easy understandable case for why the police would want
- 31:33Speaker 1: to escapegoat which happens, which does happen. But they knew
- 31:38Speaker 1: that his problems with the local magistrate due to his
- 31:41Speaker 1: earlier arrest a few months back for trespassing didn't directly
- 31:45Speaker 1: tie him to the invasions. But when they went to
- 31:49Speaker 1: his house to search his house, dude, they found a
- 31:54Speaker 1: huge bundle of human hair behind his whole world. Do
- 31:58Speaker 1: you think they like planted it on him, dude? I
- 32:01Speaker 1: mean that really that's a little on the nose there.
- 32:03Speaker 1: I don't know, that is fascinating. Chap Man just have
- 32:07Speaker 1: his hairball. I mean, come on, you know, this is America.
- 32:11Speaker 1: But that whole idea of this is America really played
- 32:13Speaker 1: into it, and the whole wartime kind of mindset, because
- 32:16Speaker 1: like we said, this gentleman was of German descent, so
- 32:20Speaker 1: of course, the press jumped right on that and started
- 32:24Speaker 1: calling him a Nazi saboteur who was known to have
- 32:28Speaker 1: German sympathies, you know, and and this was just absolutely
- 32:32Speaker 1: perfect excuse to railroad this gentleman, exactly. Yes, so he
- 32:37Speaker 1: insisted he was innocent, but yeah, he's immediately found guilty
- 32:42Speaker 1: of attempted murder, ten years in prison. He never gets
- 32:46Speaker 1: charged with any crimes related to the hair snatching, but
- 32:50Speaker 1: he has been found guilty in the court of public opinion.
- 32:54Speaker 1: As some of the paranoia dies down. Six years later,
- 32:58Speaker 1: then Mississippi Governor Fielding Right looked over the case and
- 33:02Speaker 1: he said, hey, let's have Dolan take a lie detector
- 33:04Speaker 1: test because those are super helpful. Right, people still stooke
- 33:08Speaker 1: lie detectors for science at this time, and Dolan past
- 33:12Speaker 1: is polygraph test. He was given a limited suspended sentence.
- 33:17Speaker 1: He was eventually set free, But now he became a freeman,
- 33:23Speaker 1: despite you know, probably not being welcome in Pascagoula for
- 33:26Speaker 1: the rest of his life. But now the thing is,
- 33:30Speaker 1: as we closed today's episode, you might not be surprised
- 33:34Speaker 1: to learn that modern historians wonder whether Dolan was guilty
- 33:38Speaker 1: of any crime at all, because there's some of the
- 33:40Speaker 1: stuff you just mentioned in the zeitgeist at the time. Yeah, Ben,
- 33:43Speaker 1: what was the actually convicted of? It was just for
- 33:46Speaker 1: like this, this this home invasion, like the when when
- 33:49Speaker 1: we say attempted murder, the punching, like then the knocking
- 33:52Speaker 1: out of the teeth or what? What? Which? Which crime
- 33:54Speaker 1: exactly was he connected to? Yeah, he was penning with
- 33:59Speaker 1: the assault on the Heidelberg's the one with the iron
- 34:02Speaker 1: bar got it. So the teeth knocking out incident. Just
- 34:05Speaker 1: making sure I'm keeping these straight. But again in any
- 34:07Speaker 1: of the court documents, and maybe they tried to make
- 34:10Speaker 1: the case but it didn't fly. I mean, obviously, you
- 34:12Speaker 1: know with these kinds of things, they want to have
- 34:14Speaker 1: an ironclad case. They don't want to um confuse the
- 34:18Speaker 1: jury of in any way. But they would have been
- 34:20Speaker 1: so aware of this string of attacks, and the hair
- 34:23Speaker 1: part of it was so front and center, right, I'm
- 34:25Speaker 1: wondering how they were able to quiet the public's you know,
- 34:30Speaker 1: concerns if hair was not part of the equation. Yeah,
- 34:34Speaker 1: it's a good question at this point. You know, maybe
- 34:36Speaker 1: the mob just wanted to see someone go down and
- 34:39Speaker 1: they all knew that Dolan had ties to Germany. A
- 34:44Speaker 1: lot of townsfolk considered him a trader. It also would
- 34:49Speaker 1: have been really easy to plant that hair plant that
- 34:52Speaker 1: hairball during Dolan's arrest. You could also tamper with the
- 34:55Speaker 1: evidence that got sent to the FBI. But now with
- 34:59Speaker 1: this point we have to say, it will probably never
- 35:02Speaker 1: be clear whether Dolan was the genuine phantom barber of
- 35:06Speaker 1: Pascagoula or whether he was a scapegoat who was sort
- 35:11Speaker 1: of sacrificed on the altar of public safety, right or
- 35:15Speaker 1: the altar of public um comfort. You go, there we go,
- 35:20Speaker 1: And now this this draws to a closed man. Uh,
- 35:23Speaker 1: I think we both love these stories, but no, we
- 35:26Speaker 1: gotta gotta check with Max. Max, you joined up with
- 35:29Speaker 1: Ridiculous History because you're pretty familiar with hair crime, correct, Sure,
- 35:34Speaker 1: I know a lot about a hair crime that just
- 35:38Speaker 1: in tim you know, there's there's. It comes in many
- 35:40Speaker 1: shapes and sizes. I mean, you could consider a bad
- 35:43Speaker 1: haircut to be a hair crime, you know, against humanity,
- 35:46Speaker 1: or at the very least, like a friend of mine
- 35:48Speaker 1: recently got a haircut that ended up being something of
- 35:51Speaker 1: a mullet, and even the barber or the stylist themselves
- 35:54Speaker 1: were were deeply apologetic and had to make it right.
- 35:57Speaker 1: You can't make amends for hair crime, but there are
- 35:59Speaker 1: some hair crimes that are unforgivable. Yeah, it's true. I
- 36:03Speaker 1: think everybody's had a disappointing haircut at some point or another.
- 36:08Speaker 1: I was actually growing up. I got threatened with hair
- 36:12Speaker 1: crime by the lady who cuts young Ben Bullen's hair.
- 36:16Speaker 1: I was, you know, I think she was trying to
- 36:18Speaker 1: help me. In retrospect, I want to see what you
- 36:20Speaker 1: guys think. So I was a child of very particular
- 36:24Speaker 1: and peculiar taste. I had a haircut that I liked.
- 36:28Speaker 1: It was a bowl cut, and I wanted that. I thought,
- 36:30Speaker 1: that's fine, I will wear jogging suits and have a
- 36:33Speaker 1: bowl cut for the rest of my life. Nothing weird.
- 36:36Speaker 1: And then she would regularly threaten me with that. She
- 36:41Speaker 1: was saying that if I did not behave she was
- 36:44Speaker 1: going to give me a mohawk. Wow, messing with me
- 36:47Speaker 1: or helping me. I would have been so accidentally cool,
- 36:50Speaker 1: accidentally cool. No, it's true. I once have supported a
- 36:52Speaker 1: flat top for a period I did, which is a
- 36:56Speaker 1: very nineteen thirties kind of look. You know what, I
- 36:58Speaker 1: mean where at shaved on the side and literally get
- 37:00Speaker 1: the style it with palm aide and it's it's perfectly
- 37:03Speaker 1: flat on the top. I remember I had this barber
- 37:05Speaker 1: named Dennis who drove a motorcycle and I thought he
- 37:08Speaker 1: was so cool. He kind of looked like Willie Nelson,
- 37:10Speaker 1: but he was all about giving me this flaptop and
- 37:12Speaker 1: my parents seemed cool with it. Um. I also had
- 37:14Speaker 1: a rat tail for a little while. God, the choices
- 37:17Speaker 1: we make. Sometimes we we we can commit hair crimes
- 37:19Speaker 1: against ourselves. That's true, self inflicted hair crime. It's it's
- 37:24Speaker 1: a big concern. We should probably make a charity or
- 37:28Speaker 1: non uh in GEO specifically for hair crime, but we'll
- 37:32Speaker 1: have to do that off the air. Thanks so much
- 37:35Speaker 1: for tuning in everyone. We hope you enjoyed this episode.
- 37:38Speaker 1: We want to hear your stories of obscure local crimes,
- 37:43Speaker 1: especially the weirder the better, honestly, and we have an
- 37:46Speaker 1: announcement you can hopefully by the time you hear this,
- 37:50Speaker 1: you can send those suggestions to our email address. Brought
- 37:55Speaker 1: it back, finally did it? We gave ridiculous romance and
- 37:57Speaker 1: email address. We had to also have one. You know it.
- 38:00Speaker 1: It did seem like it was time people have been
- 38:02Speaker 1: sending stuff. Well, actually there was a time where we
- 38:04Speaker 1: were calling out the email address as though it existed. Uh,
- 38:07Speaker 1: and then people were clearly firing letters off into the abyss.
- 38:09Speaker 1: I wonder if those go someplace where now maybe they'll
- 38:12Speaker 1: be redirected to us. Probably not. So you've ever emailed
- 38:15Speaker 1: us in the past at Ridiculous at I heeart radio
- 38:17Speaker 1: dot com, maybe give another go. But um, we would
- 38:20Speaker 1: really love to hear from you, and uh, maybe we'll
- 38:23Speaker 1: start doing an occasional mail bag episode. I think we should.
- 38:26Speaker 1: We love hearing suggestions for topics and we really just
- 38:29Speaker 1: love hearing from you, So please do start again sending
- 38:32Speaker 1: emails to Ridiculous at I heart radio dot com while
- 38:35Speaker 1: you're at it. While you're on the internet, you can
- 38:37Speaker 1: also find us as individuals. I am at how Now
- 38:40Speaker 1: Noel Brown on Instagram. You can find me on Twitter
- 38:43Speaker 1: getta peek behind the scenes of the stuff I'm working
- 38:46Speaker 1: on for upcoming episodes I've been bowling hs W. You
- 38:49Speaker 1: can also see by various visual misadventures at ben Bowling
- 38:53Speaker 1: bow l I and on Instagram. Hey Max. Thanks thanks
- 38:58Speaker 1: to our super producer Max, who's at actually here. We
- 39:01Speaker 1: don't get out much. This is very big. This is
- 39:03Speaker 1: a big deal for us. Max. Yes, So thanks to Max,
- 39:05Speaker 1: Thanks for actually being here and hanging with us. We've
- 39:07Speaker 1: been so lonely. Thanks to Max's brother Alex, who composed
- 39:13Speaker 1: this theme True Story Thinks, as well to our own
- 39:17Speaker 1: non hair criminal research associate, Gabe Bluesier, and of course
- 39:22Speaker 1: thanks to the my number one pick for a hair
- 39:25Speaker 1: criminal here at iHeart Jonathan STRICKLANDK the Quister. I know
- 39:29Speaker 1: what you're up to. Oh yeah, let's see you next time, folks.
- 39:38Speaker 1: For more podcasts for my Heart Radio, visit the I
- 39:40Speaker 1: Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to
- 39:43Speaker 1: your favorite shows.