Latest / Reformed Thinking / Tears in the Night: David’s Cry for Mercy (Psalm 6) | Charles Spurgeon
Transcript
- 0:00Welcome to the deep dive from Reformed thinking.
- 0:03Today we have a really remarkable piece of scripture in
- 0:06front of us, Psalm 6. It's designated as the first of
- 0:10the seven penitential Psalms, and you can really see why our
- 0:13source material paints this picture of, well, a spiritual
- 0:16drama. It is.
- 0:17It's like a snapshot of a soul moving from just total distress,
- 0:21pleading for mercy, to this sudden, confident victory.
- 0:26The structure is just phenomenal.
- 0:27It's more than just a prayer, you know.
- 0:29It's almost a guide for a troubled conscience.
- 0:31A guide? How so?
- 0:32It shows us how a Sinner, someone who has really
- 0:35acknowledged their sin and is feeling the weight of God's
- 0:37displeasure, learns to rely completely on grace.
- 0:41On themselves. Not on anything within himself.
- 0:43And that switch, that movement is so immediate, it's
- 0:47compelling. OK, let's unpack that a little.
- 0:49You mentioned the penitential Psalms.
- 0:50For anyone who might not be familiar, what are these seven
- 0:52texts and what's the theological current that connects them?
- 0:56So the. Seven are Psalms 6323851102,
- 1:001:30 and 1:43, and they're grouped together traditionally,
- 1:04often for liturgical use, because they all share this one
- 1:07central theme, which is the deep, all consuming struggle
- 1:11with personal sin and the, well, the affliction that comes from
- 1:14it, right? But what really sets them apart
- 1:17is the language. It's this language of sorrow
- 1:20over sin, a deep humiliation before a holy God.
- 1:23And then this is the critical part, a practical hatred of the
- 1:26sin that caused all the grief in the first place.
- 1:29So sorrow, humiliation and hatred of sin.
- 1:32Yeah. Our sources call those the
- 1:34unfailing marks of a truly contrite spirit.
- 1:37That's a key distinction. This isn't just a lament like
- 1:40some of the other Psalms. It's a lament that's it's really
- 1:42rooted in self condemnation and this desire for holiness.
- 1:45Exactly. Now in terms of context, the
- 1:47Psalm is attributed to David. How important is that
- 1:50designation, a Psalm of David, for understanding its authority
- 1:53and perspective? Oh, it's hugely important.
- 1:55For one, it gives us a sense of its high antiquity.
- 1:58Yeah, it places this whole theological argument right at
- 2:00the foundations of the Old Covenant experience.
- 2:03And having David as the author that anchors it.
- 2:06It does. I mean, here was a man who is
- 2:07constantly dealing with external enemies, with sickness, but
- 2:10maybe most of all with a disquieted conscience.
- 2:13All right. So by attributing it to David,
- 2:16we know this anguish is the wrestling of a true believer,
- 2:20someone whose troubles, physical or otherwise, always led him
- 2:24back to the realization of God's potential anger over his sin.
- 2:28So the suffering is never just random.
- 2:30Never. It's directly connected to
- 2:32guilt, an experience that's common to every St. living under
- 2:34the covenant of grace. OK, so the suffering is seen as
- 2:37correction from God. But before we get into the text
- 2:41itself, the title is a bit cryptic, as they often are.
- 2:45Yeah, it's addressed to the chief musician on Nejanath upon
- 2:49Sheminith. These musical terms feel like, I
- 2:51don't know, historical. Dust.
- 2:53They do, and that's what makes them so fascinating.
- 2:55They confirm the incredible age of the text.
- 2:58How so? Well, because we don't fully
- 2:59know what they mean anymore, but they tell us.
- 3:01The Psalm wasn't just spoken, it was composed for a structured
- 3:04liturgical performance. With instrument.
- 3:06Right. Neganoff, for instance, is
- 3:09generally thought to refer to stringed instruments, which
- 3:11suggests the chief musician was arranging an accompaniment with,
- 3:15you know, bowed or plucked sounds, setting a very specific
- 3:18mood. A mournful or meditative sound,
- 3:21probably. That would fit, and then you
- 3:22have Shemeneth. Which is even less clear, right?
- 3:25Yeah, the scholarly consensus, if you can call it that, is that
- 3:28Shemeneth refers either to the octave or maybe a lower key like
- 3:32a bass or tenor key. And that would also fit.
- 3:35It would fit perfectly with the opening of Psalm 6.
- 3:38The mood for those first 7 verses is heavy, mournful,
- 3:42disconsolate. A lower minor key setting would
- 3:46have just amplified that crushing sense of David's
- 3:48affliction. It's amazing to think that this
- 3:51specific musical language, designed for such theological
- 3:54weight, has just been lost to time.
- 3:56And that brings us to the most famous, or maybe infamous, of
- 3:59these terms. Sayla, the great mystery word.
- 4:03Right, it's still untranslated. You could get the best Hebrew
- 4:06scholars in a room and they tell you its precise meaning is lost,
- 4:09which again just confirms how ancient this text is.
- 4:12But we have some ideas about its function, don't we?
- 4:15We do. While some theories are a bit
- 4:17wild, maybe changing tempo or instruments, the most compelling
- 4:21idea is that it signaled a pause.
- 4:23A pause for what? Either for an instrumental
- 4:25interlude while the singing stopped, or, and I think this is
- 4:29more significant, a pause for meditation.
- 4:33A cue to just stop, to reflect on what was just said.
- 4:36Exactly. A spiritual flag.
- 4:39In attacks like this one, where the suffering is so raw and the
- 4:41pleading is so desperate, Salah forces you to absorb the full
- 4:46weight of David's condition. To really feel it.
- 4:48Yes, to reflect on the physical pain, the spiritual agony, the
- 4:52nature of the mercy he's asking for.
- 4:54So even without a translation, we know this was highly
- 4:57structured worship designed to move someone through a very
- 5:00ordered experience of penitence. OK, let's move into the actual
- 5:03content then. The source material points out
- 5:05that the Psalm is, and I quote, readily divided into two parts,
- 5:09and it's a radical change. The division is dramatic.
- 5:12It's essential to the theology of the whole thing.
- 5:14So Part 1 is what? Part 1 is verses one through 7.
- 5:18That's the minor key. We were just talking about the
- 5:21plea. It's his overwhelming plea in
- 5:23the midst of his distress. It's mournful, disconsolate,
- 5:27totally focused on his suffering and his weakness.
- 5:30It just lays out the full extent of the burden.
- 5:32It sounds like a spiritual death chamber and then at verse 8
- 5:36everything just flips. The transformation is
- 5:38instantaneous, Part 2, verses 8 through 10.
- 5:41That's the declaration of assurance, of triumph.
- 5:43From a minor key to a high. Key.
- 5:45The note changes entirely from petition and fear to confidence
- 5:51and command. And it's not gradual, it's
- 5:53abrupt. It signals this moment of
- 5:55certain faith that's been worked inside him before anything has
- 5:58actually changed on the outside. He just knows.
- 6:00He knows his prayer has been heard.
- 6:02But before we get to that victory, we really have to sit
- 6:04in the struggle. That first part deals with an
- 6:06affliction so severe they call it soul trouble.
- 6:09This isn't just having a bad day, it's a total collapse.
- 6:12Yes, and that phrase our sources use is chilling.
- 6:16Soul trouble is the very soul of trouble.
- 6:18What does that mean exactly? It gets at this principle that
- 6:21when your conscience is wounded, when you even just apprehend the
- 6:25possibility of God's anger, all your other external troubles,
- 6:28sickness, persecution, whatever, they get magnified, they become
- 6:32intolerable. So as outward problems only
- 6:34matter because they connect to something deeper.
- 6:37They connect to the internal realization that he has sinned
- 6:40and God might be displeased. For the Saint, the worst part of
- 6:43any affliction isn't the pain itself.
- 6:45It's the fear. It's the dread that it might be
- 6:48a token of divine wrath and not a Father's correction.
- 6:51So his outward suffering becomes the physical proof of his inward
- 6:54spiritual guilt. How does the text detail this
- 6:58connection? It gives us three really
- 7:00powerful, visceral descriptions. First, David says his bones are
- 7:04vexed. Vexed, The Hebrew suggests they
- 7:06were shaken. Now think about that.
- 7:09Your bones are your frame, the pillars of your body.
- 7:11Right, the most solid part of you.
- 7:13For him to say his bones were shaken means his terror was so
- 7:16great, his spirit so disquieted, that the very structural
- 7:20integrity of his being was made to tremble.
- 7:22It's a physical fear induced shaking.
- 7:24A literal instability brought on by spiritual distress.
- 7:28That's that's intense. What's the second symptom?
- 7:30He says I am weak. The original language here has
- 7:33the sense of one who droops or Withers like a plant that's been
- 7:38blighted by a storm. So his energy is just gone.
- 7:40Completely drained by this ceaseless internal torment, he's
- 7:44weak not from age, but because the apprehension of God's
- 7:48displeasure has just spoiled his pride and taken away all his
- 7:51strength. And the third detail is about
- 7:53his weaving. He says his eye is consumed
- 7:56because of grief. Consumed.
- 7:58The idea is that his constant intense weeping has led to
- 8:02physical exhaustion and deterioration.
- 8:04His eyes are waxing old, growing red and blurry and feeble, like
- 8:08an old man's eyes growing dim. So the shaking bones, the
- 8:11drooping weakness, the consumed eyes, it's all there to show us
- 8:15this is not shallow suffering. It's total.
- 8:17It's existential. Which brings us to the opening
- 8:19plea, the heart of his anxiety. O Lord, rebuke me not in thine
- 8:24anger, and chasten me not in my hot displeasure.
- 8:27This is such a critical theological moment.
- 8:29Because he's not asking to be let off the hook, is he?
- 8:32Not at all. He's not asking for immunity
- 8:34from correction, he's asking for a distinction in how that
- 8:37correction is given. Right.
- 8:39This is where that covenant theology really comes through.
- 8:41It does. David is fully conscious that he
- 8:44deserves to be rebuked. He even understands that
- 8:46chastisement is often necessary, you know, for conviction and
- 8:49sanctification. Here's that analogy.
- 8:52Corn is cleaned with wind, and the soul with chastenings.
- 8:55Exactly. He doesn't want the blessing of
- 8:57correction to be taken away. He needs it.
- 9:00But hold on. If he accepts correction, how
- 9:04can he, under the law, so confidently ask for a
- 9:07distinction between a father's discipline and God's hot
- 9:10displeasure? Aren't they often presented as
- 9:12the same thing in the Old Covenant?
- 9:14They're often conflated, yes, but David is pleading for the
- 9:17difference between a father's discipline and a judge's
- 9:20condemnation. He's pleading against the kind
- 9:23of wrath that threatens ruin and perdition.
- 9:26He's saying let the rod be for discipline, but don't let it
- 9:28become a sword for destruction. Because if God rebukes him in
- 9:32hot displeasure. The affliction will be too much.
- 9:35The danger is that his heart will just sink in despair.
- 9:38So he wants fatherly and gentle chastisement.
- 9:42Yes, correction. That is sweetened by knowing
- 9:45it's administered in Dear covenant love.
- 9:48The second a St. loses sight of that covenant love, affliction
- 9:52just becomes despair. He needs the rod to be held by a
- 9:55hand of love. So that the discipline leads to
- 9:57repentance and life, not to annihilation.
- 10:01This moves right into his next prayer in verse 2.
- 10:03Have mercy upon me, O Lord, for I am weak.
- 10:06He's not making any kind of merit based argument, he's
- 10:08appealing to his ruin. And that's what our sources call
- 10:11the right way to plead with God. Pleading his own weakness.
- 10:14He pleads his sin, his littleness, his frailty.
- 10:17He throws himself completely on God's compassion because he
- 10:20knows if he appealed to his own merit, he'd have no case at all.
- 10:23It's a powerful rejection of any kind of works based
- 10:26righteousness. So how does his weakness become
- 10:29his strength in prayer? That seems so counterintuitive.
- 10:32It becomes his strongest argument because it's meant to
- 10:34move God's pity. He's basically physically
- 10:36saying, look at me, I'm a mess, I'm a weak vessel.
- 10:39And that's where you get that beautiful analogy.
- 10:41Don't send forth the fury of thy Tempest against so weak a
- 10:44vessel. Instead, temper the wind to the
- 10:47shorn lamb. A just judge might demand
- 10:50strength. But a merciful father pities
- 10:52weakness. David is relying entirely on
- 10:55that compassion. He's confessing that the weight
- 10:57of his sin has already crushed his ability to stand.
- 11:01And then? After all this, his agony is
- 11:04punctuated by this abrupt question in verse 3.
- 11:08It sort of breaks the flow. But thou, O Lord, how long?
- 11:11Yes, it feels like impatience the moment his composure finally
- 11:15breaks. It is the breaking point, the
- 11:17phrase dominio schoolho. Oh Lord, how long?
- 11:20It's not a challenge to God's sovereignty.
- 11:22It's a desperate, anguished plea for relief.
- 11:25I think our sources mentioned John Calvin.
- 11:27They do. It was a favorite exclamation of
- 11:29his, apparently during his sharpest pains.
- 11:31It reflects that anxious spirit waiting for the dawn of grace.
- 11:35So it acknowledges God's timing is in control, but confesses
- 11:38that the wait has become almost unbearable.
- 11:40Yes, he has hope, but his hope is only in God.
- 11:43That's why the directed. But thou, O Lord, how long will
- 11:46you hide your face? He's convinced relief has to
- 11:49come. It must because God is faithful,
- 11:52but the waiting period is nearly breaking him.
- 11:55It's a cry that's common to Saints who are wrestling in
- 11:57prayer, waiting for that spirits assurance of pardon.
- 12:00OK, so after that plea against condemnation and the confession
- 12:03of weakness, he moved to the central appeal for deliverance
- 12:07in verse 4. Return, O Lord, deliver my soul.
- 12:12Oh, save me for thy mercy's sake.
- 12:14That last phrase, for thy mercy's sake, seems to be his
- 12:17entire strategy. It is.
- 12:18It's the postulatory plea. He grounds his entire case in
- 12:22God's character. He's laying hold, as the sources
- 12:25say, not on God's left hand of justice, but on his right hand
- 12:28of mercy. He knows justice offers him
- 12:30nothing. Nothing at all.
- 12:32He's so aware of his iniquity. So this plea based on Divine
- 12:36Mercy alone, is what's called a prevalent plea, one that have
- 12:39the authority to be heard by God.
- 12:41It's just a total dependence on grace, and he reinforces this by
- 12:45using a specific name for God over and over.
- 12:48You see that he pleads the name Jehovah Lord in all caps in our
- 12:51translations five times in just a few verses.
- 12:53That's very deliberate. Highly deliberate Jehovah is the
- 12:56covenant name of God. It encompasses attributes like
- 13:00eternity, Infinity, immunability, self existence,
- 13:04and when you're a tempted St. facing God's potential wrath,
- 13:07those specific attributes are full of consolation.
- 13:11How did those abstract attributes offer comfort again
- 13:15such a you know, a physical temporal suffering?
- 13:18Well, think of it this way. Daver is weak, temporary,
- 13:21changeable. His life is fleeting, right?
- 13:23But Jehovah is eternal and immutable.
- 13:27If God is immutable, then the covenant he made with David
- 13:30can't change based on David's own ups and downs.
- 13:33If God is eternal, his love doesn't just run.
- 13:36Out. So he's arguing I'm weak and
- 13:37changing, but you are not. So please be consistent with
- 13:40your own nature, which is merciful.
- 13:42He's pleading the stability of the Covenant itself against the
- 13:44instability of his own heart. That's a much deeper way to read
- 13:47it. And he follows this appeal to
- 13:49God's nature with an argument about God's glory.
- 13:51For in death there is no remembrance of thee, in the
- 13:54grave who shall give thee thanks.
- 13:55This is a bold argument to make. It's remarkable theological
- 13:58rhetoric. David is contending that sparing
- 14:01him a penitent Sinner will actually glorify God more than
- 14:05destroying him would. Because if he dies, his praise
- 14:09stops. His voluntary praise is
- 14:11suspended, yes, and if he were to perish eternally, God would
- 14:15get no voluntary Thanksgiving from him in the ultimate sense.
- 14:18So he's not trying to bargain. He's arguing that mercy is a
- 14:21brighter display of who God is than justice is, at least in
- 14:24this case. Precisely saving a singer
- 14:26doesn't stain his banner. It honors mercy, which our
- 14:29sources call God's peculiar darling attribute.
- 14:32God delights in mercy. He does, and by showing the
- 14:35power of His grace to restore a broken, weeping Sinner, God's
- 14:39glory is magnified far more than by just letting the penalty
- 14:42fall. This argument then leads right
- 14:44back into those vivid descriptions of his grief,
- 14:46especially his weeping. Yes, in verses 6 and seven, he's
- 14:50groaning until he is weary, weeping so much he fears his bed
- 14:54would swim. The imagery is just visceral.
- 14:56It is. He's groaned until his voice is
- 14:59hoarse, but the focus is on the tears.
- 15:03The Hebrew for swim means, literally, to cause to swim.
- 15:06He feared his tears would be so numerous they'd water his couch.
- 15:10It emphasizes the relentless physical nature of his distress.
- 15:14And the sources put so much theological weight on those
- 15:16tears. They say they have a voice.
- 15:19How can tears speak? The voice of weeping is
- 15:21described as a universal tongue. Universal.
- 15:24A language understood everywhere on earth and in heaven, no
- 15:26matter where the weeper comes from.
- 15:28Tears are the eloquence of sorrow.
- 15:31They're an unstammering orator that needs no interpreter.
- 15:34That's a lot of metaphor. Eloquence of sorrow,
- 15:36unstammering orator. They're also called liquid
- 15:38prayers. Liquid prayers.
- 15:40The idea is that prayers joined with tears cry louder in God's
- 15:43ears. They make sweeter music.
- 15:45The tears prove the sorrow is genuine, that the repentance is
- 15:48felt deep in the soul. One source says a penitent Tear
- 15:51is an undeniable ambassador that never returns from the throne of
- 15:54grace unsatisfied. And this connects to that famous
- 15:57phrase geminibus in an erbilibus.
- 16:00The groans which cannot be uttered, Yes, it connects human
- 16:02grief to the Spirit's work. The simple devout tears which
- 16:06can't speak doctrine, they speak aloud in the ears of God.
- 16:09The sorrowful intention is heard even before the tears blur the
- 16:12eyes. OK, so after that intense list
- 16:16of physical and spiritual distress, the weeping, the
- 16:18groaning, the fear, everything changes at verse 8 suddenly,
- 16:22completely. The minor key is just.
- 16:26It's a. Seismic shift.
- 16:27He commands depart from me, all you workers of iniquity.
- 16:30What happened? Nothing has changed outside of
- 16:33him. The shift is entirely internal.
- 16:36It's spiritual. It comes from the certainty he
- 16:38has gained that God has heard his petition.
- 16:40He receives the Spirit's seal of assurance.
- 16:42That's it. He declares it as a settled
- 16:44fact. The Lord hath heard the voice of
- 16:46my weeping, and the Lord hath heard my supplication.
- 16:49This piece isn't based on evidence.
- 16:51It's an infallibly assured privilege of the Saints worked
- 16:53by the Holy Spirit. It's the moment of
- 16:55reconciliation happening in real time inside the prayer.
- 16:59Absolutely. You think of Martin Luther
- 17:01wrestling in his closet and coming out leaping and crying.
- 17:04Vissimus, Vissimus, we have conquered.
- 17:06That assurance immediately resolves the soul trouble.
- 17:10And he uses it as a reason for future hope, Yes.
- 17:12Past experience guarantees future expectation.
- 17:16He hath heard, therefore he will receive my prayer.
- 17:19The confidence of yesterday fuels the hope of tomorrow.
- 17:22So the peace is secured, and the very first thing he does with
- 17:25that piece is practical. It's directed outward.
- 17:28Depart from me all you workers of iniquity.
- 17:30Yes, why that? This is a critical point of
- 17:33Reformed piety. This command is the third
- 17:36unfailing mark of true repentance.
- 17:38After sorrow and humiliation. It's the practical hatred of
- 17:42sin. Repentance can't just be an
- 17:43emotional state or a confession. It has to be a practical thing.
- 17:47It has to result in decisive action against sin.
- 17:50And why does receiving pardon trigger this command to
- 17:53separate? Because as a truly pardoned
- 17:55Sinner will necessarily hate the sins that cost the Savior his
- 17:59blood, the assurance of grace creates A decisive break with
- 18:02the past. The internal trouble is
- 18:04resolved, so the outward manifestation has to be
- 18:07separation from iniquity. Our sources put it pretty
- 18:11bluntly. Grace and sin are quarrelsome
- 18:13neighbors, and one or the other must go to the wall.
- 18:16Having received pardon, David now takes a commanding tone
- 18:20toward those who mocked his faith or led him astray.
- 18:24His peace with God requires war against iniquity.
- 18:27It's sanctification flowing directly from justification.
- 18:30The second his conscience is cleared, his ethical mandate is
- 18:34restored. Exactly.
- 18:35His affliction taught him the danger of his past associations.
- 18:38Now that he's been cleansed by mercy, he has to sweep his house
- 18:41clean of any sinful influence. And that doesn't just apply to
- 18:43people. It's attitudes, habits, desires.
- 18:46All the workers of iniquity in his own life.
- 18:49The Psalm then concludes with this triumphant declaration.
- 18:53It shifts from his internal victory to a prophecy about his
- 18:56external enemies. He wraps it up with total
- 18:58certainty. All my enemies shall be ashamed
- 19:01and sore vexed. He's gone from fear and self
- 19:04pity to being a prophet of his own deliverance.
- 19:07It's the final assurance for the believer.
- 19:09Yes, that the period of trial, the external warfare will be
- 19:12accomplished, and sudden confusion and shame will cover
- 19:16the enemies of righteousness. The word suddenly there seems
- 19:19important. David waited a long time for
- 19:21Grace, but the deliverance will be swift.
- 19:24Guarantees that God's response to a penitent heart is both
- 19:27immediate in terms of assurance and decisive in terms of final
- 19:30deliverance. The entire arc from verse one to
- 19:33verse 10, from fear and weeping to victory and prophecy.
- 19:36It shows the whole ordered cycle of God's dealings with a
- 19:40contrite heart. So conviction, humiliation, a
- 19:43plea based on mercy. And that mercy grants the
- 19:45certainty of pardon, which immediately results in
- 19:47sanctification and triumph over all opposition.
- 19:50It's the full picture. So this deep dive into Psalm 6
- 19:53really clarified the conditions of true penitence, the sorrow,
- 19:57the humiliation, that absolute dependence on grace.
- 20:00And it confirms this is the only path to the kind of assured
- 20:03confidence David found. And we have to take away this
- 20:06recognition. The David at his lowest point
- 20:09chose to plead his weakness, his littleness, as the strongest
- 20:13possible argument for God's help.
- 20:15He didn't appeal to his resume, his accomplishments, or his past
- 20:19faithfulness. He appealed to his utter
- 20:21frailty. He knew God's mercy is best
- 20:24displayed when His strength perfects our weakness.
- 20:27Which leaves us with a really interesting paradox to think
- 20:29about. We talked about the lost musical
- 20:31language Sayla Neganoth. Their obscurity just confirms
- 20:35how ancient this Psalm is. So if the specific technical
- 20:39language of music that was used to convey spiritual depth is now
- 20:42lost to us, what does that say about the true music of the
- 20:45soul? The voice of weeping, the liquid
- 20:48prayers of a broken heart. David knew that the eternal,
- 20:52immutable Jehovah heard that perfectly clear.
- 20:54It required no interpreter at all.
- 20:56The outward sounds of human orchestration, they fade, they
- 21:00become mysterious, but the communication of a truly
- 21:02contrite spirit that remains eternally intelligible to the
- 21:05one who it's addressed to.