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History of the Early Settlement of Bowmanville and Vicinity - John T Coleman · Selections of the History of the Franks

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  Speaker 1: Section one of History of the Early Settlement of Bowmanville
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  Speaker 1: and Vicinity. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings
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  Speaker 1: are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer,
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  Speaker 1: please visit LibriVox dot org. History of the Early Settlement
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  Speaker 1: of Bowmanville and Vicinity by John T. Coleman Early History
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  Speaker 1: of Settlers, Part One. In the Early History of Darlington,
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  Speaker 1: we find that mister John Burke, John W. Treull, and
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  Speaker 1: Roger Conet are the pioneers and first settlers of this township.
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  Speaker 1: They emigrated together with their families from the United States
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  Speaker 1: to Canada in the years seventeen ninety four, and on
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  Speaker 1: the second day of October they landed from their boats
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  Speaker 1: on the beach of Lake Ontario, one mile west of
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  Speaker 1: Barber's Creek, now Port Darlington. They were induced to come
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  Speaker 1: to this count by a proclamation issued by Colonel John
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  Speaker 1: Greaves Simcoe, then Lieutenant General of Canada, that all males
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  Speaker 1: of the age of eighteen years who settled in the
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  Speaker 1: country should be entitled to two hundred acres of land.
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  Speaker 1: In their journey from the Susquehanna River, their former home,
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  Speaker 1: they met with innumerable difficulties and many hardships. Their families
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  Speaker 1: and effects were placed on board a batteaux, a large
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  Speaker 1: rude boat, which was coasted around the head of the lake,
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  Speaker 1: running into bays and inlets in order to avoid storms,
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  Speaker 1: or for the purpose of cooking their meals and camping
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  Speaker 1: during the night, while the stock, which consisted of two
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  Speaker 1: cows and one horse, were driven around the shore on foot,
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  Speaker 1: having to cross swamps, marshes, lagoons, outlets and rivers as
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  Speaker 1: best they could. Those in charge of the boats, having
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  Speaker 1: crossed the Niagara River into Canada, were received with great
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  Speaker 1: kindness by the governor, who sent a man back to
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  Speaker 1: assist in bringing around the stock as far as York
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  Speaker 1: now Toronto. In an extract from a letter written to
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  Speaker 1: the Honorable Harvey Burke, I find that his uncle Jessea
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  Speaker 1: Burke was one of the persons that engaged in driving
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  Speaker 1: this stock. He says in his letter, I was fourteen
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  Speaker 1: years and one month old when we landed in Darlington.
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  Speaker 1: I came all the way on foot and helped to
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  Speaker 1: drive the cattle with one Tom Blank, who lived with
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  Speaker 1: the trolls. When we came to Big Bay, I was
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  Speaker 1: to swim the three year old Colt belonging to Old Conat,
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  Speaker 1: and Tom said he could swim across. We waited until
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  Speaker 1: the cattle were safely over. I then, being on the colt,
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  Speaker 1: put forward and soon came to where there was a
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  Speaker 1: short breakoff into deep water, and the colt went down
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  Speaker 1: clear under. I saw that he could not swim with
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  Speaker 1: me on his back, so I placed my left foot
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  Speaker 1: against his side and shot myself clear from him. We
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  Speaker 1: came ashore again and went around the head of the bay,
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  Speaker 1: where we found the cattle on the beach. After surmounting
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  Speaker 1: numerous obstacles and delays, this small band of emigrants reached
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  Speaker 1: their destination in safety. End. They were surrounded by a
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  Speaker 1: primeval forest, the only human inhabitant being the rude savage Indian,
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  Speaker 1: who looked with jealous eyes upon the encroachment of the whites.
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  Speaker 1: Landed in a new and wild country, and winter fast approaching,
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  Speaker 1: the people comprising this settlement set at once to work
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  Speaker 1: to construct log shanties, which were plastered on the inside
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  Speaker 1: with mud and had bark covering for a roof. Mister
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  Speaker 1: John Burke built his house on the bank of the lake,
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  Speaker 1: being the southern portion of the farm now owned by
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  Speaker 1: his grandson, William K.
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  Speaker 2: Burke.
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  Speaker 1: In another extract from the letter before quoted, mister Jessea
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  Speaker 1: Burke says, we had no neighbors but the Indians for
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  Speaker 1: two or three years, save old Benjamin Wilson and the
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  Speaker 1: trolls who lived at Baldwin's Creek. There was not a
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  Speaker 1: house within thirty miles to the west save an old
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  Speaker 1: French trading house that Wilson got in and old konets
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  Speaker 1: two miles to the east of Wilson's and none east
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  Speaker 1: of us short of Smith's Creek Port Hope end quote.
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  Speaker 1: During the winter, these pioneers spent most of their time
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  Speaker 1: in trapping and hunting, the deer and bear being so
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  Speaker 1: plentiful that an abundance of animal food could be procured
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  Speaker 1: with but very little trouble. The furred animals were also
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  Speaker 1: very numerous and required but little skill to trap them,
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  Speaker 1: their skins being about the only thing that could be
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  Speaker 1: sold for money. A very great inconvenience felt among them
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  Speaker 1: was the want of a mill to grind their grain
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  Speaker 1: and corn, the nearest being Meyer's Mill, situated at the
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  Speaker 1: foot of Lake Ontario, sixty miles distant. Those who went
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  Speaker 1: to mill usually took two weeks to go in return,
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  Speaker 1: using a canoe for the purpose and hauling it up
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  Speaker 1: on the shore at night. When a storm occurred, they
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  Speaker 1: were weather bound until it passed over. On their arrival
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  Speaker 1: at the mill, they waited until the grist was ground
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  Speaker 1: when they returned home. In the same manner as going
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  Speaker 1: to mill was no light undertaking, and attended with so
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  Speaker 1: many obstacles and perils, a great many expedients were resorted
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  Speaker 1: to in order to obviate this necessity. Some of the
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  Speaker 1: settlers had brought large coffee mills with them, and these
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  Speaker 1: were used to grind or crack their grain. Other contrivances
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  Speaker 1: were improvised. One method very much in vogue was to
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  Speaker 1: make a rude mortar by hollowing out a stump. Sometimes
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  Speaker 1: this was done by boring or chiseling, but it was
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  Speaker 1: frequently burnt out and the cavity scraped with a knife
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  Speaker 1: or other instrument until all the charred spots were removed.
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  Speaker 1: Then they had a wooden pounder attached to a swing pole.
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  Speaker 1: They put the corn into the cavity and pounded it
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  Speaker 1: with this rude pestle. This bruised corn was known by
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  Speaker 1: the name of samp and when pounded fine was made
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  Speaker 1: into Johnny cake, the course being boiled into mush. Another
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  Speaker 1: nutritious and wholesome article of food was found in the
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  Speaker 1: wild rice, which grew in most of the marshes and
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  Speaker 1: in great abundance at Rice Lake. This was first parched
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  Speaker 1: and afterwards pounded and either made into cakes or boiled,
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  Speaker 1: and acted as a healthful absorbent when taken with animal food.
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  Speaker 1: The Indians were very troublesome and caused considerable anxiety, being
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  Speaker 1: armed and equipped, and very different from the remnants of
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  Speaker 1: the broken tribes occasionally seen at the present time. Captain
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  Speaker 1: John Treull relates an incident which occurred at this time
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  Speaker 1: in his father's house when he was a boy. His
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  Speaker 1: father was absent, having gone to Meyer's mill, when a
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  Speaker 1: squaw with four pepooses came to the house and asked
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  Speaker 1: his mother for napani flour, that article being extremely scarce.
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  Speaker 1: His mother refused giving her any. The squaw then searched
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  Speaker 1: through the house and found the flower in a kneading trough.
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  Speaker 1: She brought it forth and commenced to divide it equally
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  Speaker 1: to everyone in the room by giving a double handful
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  Speaker 1: to each, beginning with his mother than to herself and
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  Speaker 1: to each white child and papoose, until it was all
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  Speaker 1: divine when she took her share in a bag and
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  Speaker 1: traveled off through the woods. Open hostilities were, as a
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  Speaker 1: general thing, avoided, and there is only one instance recorded
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  Speaker 1: of a white man being killed by the Indians. Although
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  Speaker 1: most of the settlers were in a considerable dread of them,
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  Speaker 1: there was, according to their history, one man, mister Jonathan Burke,
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  Speaker 1: among them, who did not share this timidity, but showed
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  Speaker 1: a bold front, and when any of them attempted to
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  Speaker 1: take liberties, would resent by giving them a sound thrashing.
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  Speaker 1: According to all accounts, he did not require much provocation
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  Speaker 1: to do so, but the chastising of an Indian by
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  Speaker 1: him was looked upon as a pleasant duty, which he
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  Speaker 1: was willing to perform on any occasion. For this particular
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  Speaker 1: trade of character, the Indians applied a sobriquette to designate
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  Speaker 1: him from the rest of the settlers, which was not
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  Speaker 1: very flatter. Mister Timothy Soper is another of the very
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  Speaker 1: early settlers in the township of Darlington. His father, mister
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  Speaker 1: Leonard Soper, was born in seventeen sixty two and emigrated
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  Speaker 1: to Canada in seventeen eighty eight the following year. The
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  Speaker 1: present Timothy Soper was born in the township of Sydney,
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  Speaker 1: near the head of the Bay of Quinty, and was
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  Speaker 1: the first white child born in that township. At that time,
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  Speaker 1: there was no white settlement in this portion of Canada,
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  Speaker 1: and only one vessel, the Mohawk, a schooner employed in
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  Speaker 1: the interests of the Northwest Fur Company on Lake Ontario.
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  Speaker 1: Mister Soper, who in seventeen ninety five moved to the
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  Speaker 1: township of Hope, says there was no mill at Smith's
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  Speaker 1: Creek Port Hope. My father went once to Kingston and
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  Speaker 1: several times to Napanee, taking his grist in a canoe.
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  Speaker 2: End quote.
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  Speaker 1: While living in Hope, mister Soaper lost a span of horses.
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  Speaker 1: They were gone one year and three months when he
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  Speaker 1: learned from the Indians where they were, and upon repairing
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  Speaker 1: to the place, found the horse and a colt which
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  Speaker 1: had been foaled. The mayor was never found. The first
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  Speaker 1: Court of Queen's Bench that ever assembled in the counties
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  Speaker 1: of Northumberland and Durham was held in a barn on
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  Speaker 1: the premises of mister Soaper in Hope, on which occasion
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  Speaker 1: the judge, Major MacGregor, Rogers, lawyers and other officials chose
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  Speaker 1: sides and played a game of ball to determine who
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  Speaker 1: should pay the expense of a dinner. Ephriam Gifford, father
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  Speaker 1: of the late Gardner Gifford, acted as constable. Mister Leonard
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  Speaker 1: Soper moved to Darlington in eighteen o five and erected
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  Speaker 1: the first sawmill built in the township, but it was
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  Speaker 1: burnt down the following year. Another was put up near
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  Speaker 1: the same place. About this time, mister John Burke built
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  Speaker 1: a saw mill on Barber's Creek, from which time the
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  Speaker 1: place was known as Darlington Mills until eighteen twenty three,
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  Speaker 1: when it was changed to its present name Bowmanville.
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  Speaker 2: In eighteen o six, mister.
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  Speaker 1: Soaper purchased from Augustus Barber, after whom the Baumanville Creek
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  Speaker 1: was named the present Soaper Mill property. Mister Timothy Soaper
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  Speaker 1: relates an incident which occurred to him some time after
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  Speaker 1: his father had built the mill. While engaged in cleaning
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  Speaker 1: some fish, one morning, a bear came up and commenced
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  Speaker 1: feeding upon the offals. Not content with this, she began
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  Speaker 1: to feed upon the fish. Mister Soaper called for someone
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  Speaker 1: to bring him a gun. One was soon brought, which
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  Speaker 1: he discharged at the bear, but, being only loaded with
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  Speaker 1: light shot, did not kill, but so severely wounded her,
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  Speaker 1: whereupon she climbed a tree. A heavier charge despatched her.
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  Speaker 1: Mister Timothy Soper is now in his eighty sixth year
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  Speaker 1: in Joy's good health, and has lived to see every
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  Speaker 1: President of the United States take their seats.
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  Speaker 2: In Clark.
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  Speaker 1: Mister Richard Lovekin was the first settler. He with others,
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  Speaker 1: left Ireland in the twenty first of September seventeen ninety five.
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  Speaker 1: Sailing from the Cove of Cork. They met with adverse
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  Speaker 1: winds which took them far out of their course, and
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  Speaker 1: after a tedious journey, landed in Saint Bartholomew on the
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  Speaker 1: twenty sixth of January seventeen ninety six, and arrived in
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  Speaker 1: New York ninth of April following. Mister Luvekin proceeded in
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  Speaker 1: advance of his family with two hired assistants to locate
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  Speaker 1: his land and prepare a home for their reception. After
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  Speaker 1: meeting with numerous adventures incident to a new and wild country,
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  Speaker 1: he settled at the mouth of what was afterwards known
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  Speaker 1: as Baldwin's Creek Wilmot's, where he, after building a temporary shanty,
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  Speaker 1: commenced to clear some land and cut timber for the
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  Speaker 1: construction of a house. Soon after his arrival, himself and
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  Speaker 1: men took the boat one evening and ran up the
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  Speaker 1: marsh for the purpose of cutting grass, which was to
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  Speaker 1: make their beds. While so engaged, they heard the wolves
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  Speaker 1: howling around them, which at first the men began to mimic,
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  Speaker 1: But the noise continuing, and the wolves, increasing in numbers,
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  Speaker 1: became so bold as to approach within a short distance
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  Speaker 1: of them. The men got frightened and pulled.
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  Speaker 2: For the outlet.
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  Speaker 1: As they passed along into the lake, the wolves, thirty
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  Speaker 1: or forty in number, ranged themselves on each side of
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  Speaker 1: the sand bank, snapping and howling like a lot of
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  Speaker 1: furies to see them escape. After arriving at their shanty,
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  Speaker 1: they did not think proper to land until they had
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  Speaker 1: seen the last of the dusky forms retire in the
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  Speaker 1: shade of the woods, whereupon they repaired to the shanty
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  Speaker 1: and kept up a large fire the remaining part of
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  Speaker 1: the night. Having during the summer cleared some of the
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  Speaker 1: land and constructed and completed a house with the exception
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  Speaker 1: of the doors and windows. Mister Luvekin thought of returning
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  Speaker 1: to his family, and on the following spring to bring
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  Speaker 1: them to.
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  Speaker 2: Their new home.
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  Speaker 1: He had about one hundred and fifty dollars in silver
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  Speaker 1: with him, which, on account of its weight, he thought
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  Speaker 1: unnecessary to take back. So he concluded to place it
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  Speaker 1: in a hollow tree, and for that purpose wrapped it
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  Speaker 1: in paper, put it in a stocking, and securing it
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  Speaker 1: with a strong cord, hung it up in a hollow
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  Speaker 1: tree which he had selected, and left the place. On
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  Speaker 1: his arrival the following year with his family, he was
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  Speaker 1: somewhat astonished on entering the house to find it already
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  Speaker 1: occupied by an old bear, who rushed downstairs without ceremony
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  Speaker 1: and jumped through the window. On inspecting the house, it
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  Speaker 1: was found, from the quantity of leaves and brush piled
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  Speaker 1: up in a corner of the room that the bear
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  Speaker 1: had taken up its winter quarters. There After, having in
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  Speaker 1: a manner settled his effects and family in the house,
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  Speaker 1: he went to the tree to see if the money
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  Speaker 1: was all safe. He found a small piece of the string,
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  Speaker 1: which had been secured to a knotty protuberance within the hollow,
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  Speaker 1: but the stocking and its contents were gone from where
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  Speaker 1: he had placed it. He felt disappointed and considered it lost,
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  Speaker 1: but occasionally it would revert to his mind that he
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  Speaker 1: was not sure of this, and so some time afterwards,
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  Speaker 1: to satisfy himself, he set to work and cut down
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  Speaker 1: the tree at the bottom of which he found portions
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  Speaker 1: of the paper and stocking, cut up fine and mixed
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  Speaker 1: with grass and leaves, which formed a wood mouse's nest.
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  Speaker 1: After removing the nest, he found all his money buried
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  Speaker 1: in loose, rotten wood and mold. Mister Luvekin drew his
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  Speaker 1: land from the government and became a permanent citizen. In
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  Speaker 1: eighteen o one. He took the Oath of Allegiance was
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  Speaker 1: appointed Chief Magistrate of the Home District, which embraced the
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  Speaker 1: country from Cobourg to Toronto and held many offices of
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  Speaker 1: trust under the government. During the War of eighteen twelve,
• 16:44
  Speaker 1: he administered the oath of Allegiance to many brave and
• 16:47
  Speaker 1: patriotic persons who took up arms in defense of the country.
• 16:52
  Speaker 1: The following is a form of the oath and a
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  Speaker 1: list of the names of those to whom the oath
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  Speaker 1: was administered affidavits County of Durham, to wit be it
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  Speaker 1: remembered that before Richard Lovekin, one of His Majesty's Justices
• 17:08
  Speaker 1: of the Peace for the District of Newcastle, the non
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  Speaker 1: commissioned officers and privates of the First Regiment of the
• 17:15
  Speaker 1: Durham Militia, whose names are underwritten, have taken and subscribed
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  Speaker 1: the following oath, as prescribed by the Act of the
• 17:23
  Speaker 1: Provincial Parliament, passed the fifth day of August in the
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  Speaker 1: fifty second year of His Majesty's reign, entitled an Act
• 17:32
  Speaker 1: to repeal part of the laws now in force for
• 17:35
  Speaker 1: the training and warning the Militia of the Province, and
• 17:38
  Speaker 1: to make further provision for the raising and training of
• 17:41
  Speaker 1: the said Militia, and which oath has been duly administered
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  Speaker 1: to the said non commissioned officers and privates, in obedience
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  Speaker 1: to the order of his Honor. Major General Schaff, President
• 17:53
  Speaker 1: administering the Government of the Province of Upper Canada, communicated
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  Speaker 1: through Major General Shaw, A Judent General of Militia, to
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  Speaker 1: William Warren Baldwin, the Lieutenant Colonel commanding the said First
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  Speaker 1: Regiment of the Durham Militia, oath, I do sincerely promise
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  Speaker 1: and swear that I will be faithful and bear true
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  Speaker 1: allegiance to His Majesty, King George, and him will defend
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  Speaker 1: to the utmost of my power against altratorious conspiracies and
• 18:24
  Speaker 1: attempts whatever which shall be made against His person, crown,
• 18:28
  Speaker 1: or dignity. And I will do my utmost endeavor to
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  Speaker 1: disclose and make known to His Majesty his heirs and
• 18:36
  Speaker 1: successors all treasons and tretorious conspiracies and attempts which I
• 18:41
  Speaker 1: shall know to be against him or them. So help
• 18:45
  Speaker 1: me God, Militia. Rollcall for eighteen twelve by our love
• 18:50
  Speaker 1: Kin Ebenezer Hartwell, Daniel Lighthart, Noris Carr, Augustus Barber, Waterman,
• 18:57
  Speaker 1: A Spencer, James Burr, Nathan Pratt, Samuel Burke, Enoch Davis,
• 19:04
  Speaker 1: John Troll, John Dingman, William Pikele, Matthew Borland, John Wilson, Elafallett, Conat,
• 19:12
  Speaker 1: Richard Martain, Michael Coffin, David Burke, Jeremiah Conett, Thomas Powers,
• 19:19
  Speaker 1: James Flanagan, David Sarin, William Preston, Timothy Johnson, Dyer Moore,
• 19:26
  Speaker 1: James Grant, Reuben Grant, Junior, Thomas Hawkins Junior, Thomas Hartwell,
• 19:32
  Speaker 1: John Payne, Lanson Soper, Caleb Raymond, Joel Burns Junior, William Beebe,
• 19:39
  Speaker 1: Neemiah Vale, Aaron Hills, John Brown, Nathan Haskell, Joel Burns Senior,
• 19:46
  Speaker 1: Jonathan Bedford Junior, John O'Dell, Nathan Watson, Alexander w Ross,
• 19:52
  Speaker 1: Luther McNall, Gersham Orvis, Jared Kimball, Jonathan Rodgers, John Potter,
• 19:59
  Speaker 1: Abraham i'm Bowen, Stadman, Beebe, Luke Smotti's, Joshua Smotties, Jonathan Walker,
• 20:06
  Speaker 1: Joseph Barden, Platiah Soper, James Merrill, John Perry, aDNA Bates,
• 20:13
  Speaker 1: Francis Lightfoot, Samuel Marvin, William Carr, William Borland Junior, Roger B. Wolcott,
• 20:21
  Speaker 1: John Spencer, John Hartwell, Minder t Hannis Senior, John Byrne,
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  Speaker 1: Alexander Fletcher, Robert Clark, John D. Smith, Leonard Soper, John Haskell,
• 20:34
  Speaker 1: Samuel W. Marsh, Thomas Gage, Jeremiah Britton, Daniel Porter, James
• 20:39
  Speaker 1: Hockins Senior, Gardner Gifford, Elias Smith Junior, Roger Bates, James Stephens,
• 20:46
  Speaker 1: Samuel Gifford, Ezra Gifford, Peter Bys Christopher Merkley, Josiah Caswell,
• 20:53
  Speaker 1: David Gage, Samuel Smadies, George Potter, David Bedford, Samuel Willett,
• 21:00
  Speaker 1: David Crippen, Benjamin Preston, Reuben Grant, Senior, Abel Allen, Isaac Hagerman,
• 21:07
  Speaker 1: Justin Johnson, Jeremiah Hayes, Hiram Bedford, Joseph Caldwell, Stephen Morris,
• 21:13
  Speaker 1: Benjamin Root, Benjamin Preston, Warren Munson, Edward Macroloy, Mindered Harris, Junior,
• 21:21
  Speaker 1: Asa Callender, Joseph Haskell, James Lee, Zephaniah Sexton, Cornelius Dally,
• 21:28
  Speaker 1: Jonathan Sexton, Zechariah O'Dell, William Munson, Timothy Haskell, Ephraim Gifford,
• 21:35
  Speaker 1: John voor Ree, Josiah Wilson, Stephen Bedford. The Oath was
• 21:41
  Speaker 1: administered in pursuance with an active legislature passed in Lower Canada,
• 21:46
  Speaker 1: empowering the Governor General to embody the whole militia force
• 21:50
  Speaker 1: of the country, also endorsing his army bills to the
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  Speaker 1: extent of one million dollars and providing for sixty thousand
• 21:58
  Speaker 1: dollars per annum for five years to maintain the defenses
• 22:02
  Speaker 1: of the country.
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  Speaker 2: Just before and immediately.
• 22:06
  Speaker 1: After the declaration of the War of eighteen twelve by
• 22:10
  Speaker 1: the American Congress was a period of great peril to
• 22:14
  Speaker 1: the Canadian people, and required not only all the skill, bravery,
• 22:19
  Speaker 1: and tactics of both the civil and military leaders, but
• 22:23
  Speaker 1: also a great portion of the wealth of Canada had
• 22:26
  Speaker 1: to be made available in order to sustain the country
• 22:29
  Speaker 1: against an invading foe. Nor was this all that had
• 22:33
  Speaker 1: to be contended with. Many persons who had lately settled
• 22:37
  Speaker 1: in the country were from the United States and naturally
• 22:41
  Speaker 1: retained a warm regard for the American government and its institutions.
• 22:46
  Speaker 2: But from the.
• 22:47
  Speaker 1: Generous policy of the Governor General in granting two hundred
• 22:51
  Speaker 1: acres of land to all male settlers in the hour
• 22:54
  Speaker 1: of peril, the majority of these stood firm for the
• 22:58
  Speaker 1: cause of their adopted land, while others required something more
• 23:02
  Speaker 1: than gentle words to induce them to come forward in
• 23:05
  Speaker 1: its defense. In the correspondence of Colonel Baldwin, who was
• 23:11
  Speaker 1: then on military duty in New York, to his friend
• 23:15
  Speaker 1: mister Richard Lovekin, he repeatedly urges upon them the necessity
• 23:19
  Speaker 1: of requiring all persons who had taken government grants of
• 23:23
  Speaker 1: land to take the Oath, saying that those who refused
• 23:28
  Speaker 1: to help defend the country should in fair justice forfeit
• 23:32
  Speaker 1: their lands. So granted. This measure, no doubt had the
• 23:37
  Speaker 1: salutary effect of enabling many to decide promptly in favor
• 23:42
  Speaker 1: of the Canadian government. Still, there were a few persons,
• 23:46
  Speaker 1: even in the loyal township of Darlington, who undertook to
• 23:50
  Speaker 1: shirk the responsibility by fleeing to the swamps, where they
• 23:54
  Speaker 1: engaged or pretended to be engaged, in the manufacture of
• 23:58
  Speaker 1: baskets and shinga. They were, however, interrupted in these industrial pursuits,
• 24:05
  Speaker 1: brought back, and, after being heartily laughed at, joined with
• 24:09
  Speaker 1: their neighbors in the defense of the Commonwealth, and afterwards
• 24:13
  Speaker 1: remained honored and respected citizens. In another letter from Colonel Baldwin,
• 24:19
  Speaker 1: in reference to the death of General Brock which occurred
• 24:22
  Speaker 1: at Queenston Heights, he says, Dear Richard, I have only
• 24:27
  Speaker 1: time to say that we have gained a most decisive
• 24:30
  Speaker 1: victory over our invaders, though we have deeply to deplore
• 24:34
  Speaker 1: the loss of our brave and worthy General and mister McDonnell.
• 24:39
  Speaker 1: It is now supposed that not less than four hundred
• 24:41
  Speaker 1: of the enemy fell in, killed and drowned. There were
• 24:46
  Speaker 1: not more than seven hundred in regulars, militia and Indians,
• 24:50
  Speaker 1: opposed to fifteen hundred. We took upwards of nine hundred prisoners.
• 24:55
  Speaker 1: I will, at another opportunity write to you the particulars,
• 25:00
  Speaker 1: but I have not time now. God bless you W. W.
• 25:04
  Speaker 2: Baldwin.
• 25:06
  Speaker 1: At the termination of this war, which was settled by
• 25:09
  Speaker 1: treaty signed at Ghent on the twenty fourth day of
• 25:12
  Speaker 1: December eighteen fourteen, the finances, both of Upper and Lower
• 25:17
  Speaker 1: Canada were very much exhausted. It had, however, the effect
• 25:22
  Speaker 1: of developing to a very high degree the patriotism and
• 25:26
  Speaker 1: loyalty of the provinces. Party spirit was hushed, and the
• 25:30
  Speaker 1: people were cemented together for general good and the prosperity
• 25:34
  Speaker 1: of the country. Money at this time was very scarce
• 25:39
  Speaker 1: among the settlers, who as a general thing only raised
• 25:43
  Speaker 1: produce enough for their own consumption. But neither hard times
• 25:48
  Speaker 1: or war appeared to deter them from engaging in matrimony,
• 25:52
  Speaker 1: as may be seen from the following taken from the
• 25:55
  Speaker 1: marriage record of this early period. I might heresay, for
• 25:59
  Speaker 1: the benefit of those wishing to see the original register,
• 26:03
  Speaker 1: that it is in the keeping of mister James p.
• 26:05
  Speaker 1: Lovekin of Clark. Third March eighteen o seven married Thomas
• 26:11
  Speaker 1: Conet of Darlington to Hannah Stoner present Peter Stoner, her
• 26:17
  Speaker 1: father Abel Conet, Polly his wife, and Phoebe Lightheart. Twenty
• 26:23
  Speaker 1: first April eighteen o seven married John Carr of Darlington
• 26:28
  Speaker 1: to Betsy Woodruff of Pickering, with the written consent of
• 26:32
  Speaker 1: her father present Noris Carr and wife, James Burke and
• 26:37
  Speaker 1: wife and mister Woodruff's son. Twenty eighth of December eighteen
• 26:42
  Speaker 1: o seven married John Burke Junior of Darlington to Jane
• 26:47
  Speaker 1: Brisbane of Whitby, with the consent of her sister and
• 26:50
  Speaker 1: brother in law present John Burke Senior, David Stephens and
• 26:55
  Speaker 1: David Burke. Third October eighteen eleven married William Pickell of
• 27:02
  Speaker 1: Darlington to Nancy Wilson of Whitby, being first duly published
• 27:07
  Speaker 1: in presence of William Smith and waterman A Spencer, et cetera,
• 27:11
  Speaker 1: et cetera. Twenty eighth October eighteen eleven married James Bates
• 27:17
  Speaker 1: of Clark to Elizabeth Burke of Darlington, in presence of
• 27:21
  Speaker 1: John Burke Senior, her father David Stephens, Jessa Burke, aDNA
• 27:26
  Speaker 1: Bates and Stoddard Bates. Sixteenth June eighteen o five married
• 27:33
  Speaker 1: Luke Burke of Darlington to Nancy McBain. Present James Burke,
• 27:38
  Speaker 1: John Hartroade, Francis Lightheart and Rachel Lightheart. Fourth March eighteen
• 27:44
  Speaker 1: seventeen married Ikabad Hodge to Elizabeth Cooley, both of the
• 27:50
  Speaker 1: township of Whitby. Being first published by Alexander Fletcher Esquire
• 27:55
  Speaker 1: in presence of Francis Lightheart of Darlington, William Maxon and
• 27:59
  Speaker 1: John dah Stevens of Whitby. In speaking of the scarcity
• 28:04
  Speaker 1: of money among the early settlers, the present mister Richard
• 28:08
  Speaker 1: Lovekin narrates an incident which occurred soon after the war.
• 28:12
  Speaker 1: Being a young man, he had to go to Smith's
• 28:15
  Speaker 1: Creek to answer the roll call on training day, the
• 28:19
  Speaker 1: fourth of June, and concluded to take a pack of furs,
• 28:23
  Speaker 1: these being the only commodity for money with him.
• 28:27
  Speaker 2: It was a very hot day, and as he trudged.
• 28:30
  Speaker 1: Along with his pack on his back, thinking of this
• 28:33
  Speaker 1: primitive mode of transporting fur, his reflections upon the products
• 28:37
  Speaker 1: of the country, military operations and things in general were
• 28:41
  Speaker 1: not of the most gratifying nature. He was not sure
• 28:45
  Speaker 1: whether he could reach there in time to answer his
• 28:48
  Speaker 1: name without abandoning his pack. However, he finally reached Smith's Creek,
• 28:54
  Speaker 1: covered with perspiration and very much fatigued. Having performed his
• 28:59
  Speaker 1: military day duty, he sold his fur, receiving amongst the
• 29:03
  Speaker 1: money a dub loon sixteen dollars gold coin, which he
• 29:08
  Speaker 1: kept for six or eight years before he could find
• 29:10
  Speaker 1: a person able to change it.
• 29:13
  Speaker 2: At last.
• 29:14
  Speaker 1: This was done by mister Macintosh, who came to Darlington
• 29:17
  Speaker 1: and opened a store many years afterward. End of section one,
• 29:29
  Speaker 1: Section two of History of the Early Settlement of Bowmanville
• 29:33
  Speaker 1: and Vicinity by John T.
• 29:35
  Speaker 2: Coleman.
• 29:36
  Speaker 1: This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Section two
• 29:40
  Speaker 1: Early History of Settlers, Part two. Mister Thomas Lovekin relates
• 29:46
  Speaker 1: an incident that occurred in eighteen fifteen. He had invited
• 29:51
  Speaker 1: some friends to a corn husking bee, and upon repairing
• 29:54
  Speaker 1: to the field for that purpose, they surprised an old
• 29:57
  Speaker 1: bear who had forestalled them and was busily husking corn
• 30:01
  Speaker 1: on his own account. The party having dogs with them,
• 30:05
  Speaker 1: the canines attacked the bear, and amid the confusion and uproar,
• 30:10
  Speaker 1: it escaped to the woods. Some of the party gave chase,
• 30:13
  Speaker 1: while others went for guns. Mister Luvekin saw with some
• 30:18
  Speaker 1: chagrin that his husking party was a failure for that night,
• 30:22
  Speaker 1: and determined to have satisfaction from Brewin procuring his rifle
• 30:27
  Speaker 1: and following through the woods, he came upon and shot
• 30:31
  Speaker 1: him on the brow of the hill where the Boumanville
• 30:34
  Speaker 1: Cemetery is now situated. He had the skin, which was
• 30:38
  Speaker 1: a large one, dressed and made into an overcoat. The
• 30:44
  Speaker 1: late Samuel S. Wilmot of Clark settled in this country
• 30:48
  Speaker 1: at an early date. He was born in the state
• 30:51
  Speaker 1: of New York at a place called the Nine Partners.
• 30:54
  Speaker 1: In the year seventeen ninety five, his father, Lemuel Wilmot,
• 30:59
  Speaker 1: and a to the province of New Brunswick, and there
• 31:02
  Speaker 1: settled with his family.
• 31:04
  Speaker 2: The late mister S. S.
• 31:06
  Speaker 1: Wilmot remained with his father until he was twenty one
• 31:09
  Speaker 1: years of age, when he migrated to Canada and settled
• 31:13
  Speaker 1: in York. He there became acquainted with the late John Steigmann,
• 31:18
  Speaker 1: a German and surveyor by profession. Mister Wilmot served his
• 31:22
  Speaker 1: time with him as a surveyor, and after a time
• 31:26
  Speaker 1: married his daughter. He then engaged with him as a
• 31:29
  Speaker 1: chain bearer. They were employed by the government to survey
• 31:33
  Speaker 1: the main road leading from Kingston to York. This road
• 31:38
  Speaker 1: was cut for rods wide and grubbed two rods, and
• 31:42
  Speaker 1: was constructed by Captain Danforth, and though being the main
• 31:46
  Speaker 1: post road, was a very indifferent one. During summer, after
• 31:51
  Speaker 1: very heavy rains it was almost impassable. The first mail
• 31:55
  Speaker 1: carried over this road was taken on a mule and
• 31:59
  Speaker 1: arrived every twourth two weeks from Kingston to Darlington. On
• 32:04
  Speaker 1: the third of April eighteen sixteen, mister S. S. Wilmot
• 32:08
  Speaker 1: moved from Young Street, Toronto to the township of Clark,
• 32:12
  Speaker 1: having purchased four hundred acres of land now known as
• 32:16
  Speaker 1: the Wilmot Homestead from John Hartwell. At the time mister
• 32:20
  Speaker 1: Wilmot moved to Clark, the Danforth Road was impassable through
• 32:25
  Speaker 1: Clark and Darlington in the fallen spring, and good traveling
• 32:29
  Speaker 1: was only found during the winter by slaves. In a
• 32:34
  Speaker 1: diary kept by him at the time, the settlers then
• 32:37
  Speaker 1: living on the main road in Darlington, this does not
• 32:40
  Speaker 1: include persons who lived on the lake shore were as
• 32:43
  Speaker 1: follows commencing from the west Stephens, Thomas Powers, Solomon Tyler,
• 32:50
  Speaker 1: David Stephens, John Burke, Squire Fletcher, and John Borland. In
• 32:55
  Speaker 1: the township of Clark were L. Lovekin, J. P. Avery, Bates,
• 33:01
  Speaker 1: Blair and Heartwell. There were no settlers north of the
• 33:05
  Speaker 1: main road in Clark or Darlington. It was a dense,
• 33:09
  Speaker 1: unbroken forest inhabited only by Indians and wild animals. The land,
• 33:16
  Speaker 1: known as the Late Bowman Estate, and which comprises the
• 33:19
  Speaker 1: principal site of the town of Bowmanville, was first drawn
• 33:23
  Speaker 1: from government by mister John Burke, who, after having built
• 33:27
  Speaker 1: a gristmill and sawmill upon it, sold it to a
• 33:30
  Speaker 1: mister Purdie. But after a time it again came into
• 33:34
  Speaker 1: the possession of mister Burke, who sold it to mister
• 33:37
  Speaker 1: Lewis Lewis, who, in connection with the milling business, opened
• 33:41
  Speaker 1: a store. This was the first store opened in Darlington.
• 33:46
  Speaker 1: Mister Lewis remained in business for four years. He then
• 33:50
  Speaker 1: sold out to mister Charles Bowmen. This appears to have
• 33:54
  Speaker 1: been about the year eighteen twenty four. The post office
• 33:58
  Speaker 1: was located at Black's Hill, the late Ewall Homestead, now
• 34:02
  Speaker 1: occupied by a Scott Colonel Charles Black postmaster. It was
• 34:07
  Speaker 1: opened soon after the War of eighteen twelve. The mail
• 34:11
  Speaker 1: was brought from Kingston to York once a week on
• 34:14
  Speaker 1: mule back, or when traveling was good during winter, in
• 34:18
  Speaker 1: a sleigh. William mc mullen was mail carrier his mule,
• 34:23
  Speaker 1: it is said on good authority, died about twelve years
• 34:27
  Speaker 1: ago in Markham. A post office was established at Darlington
• 34:31
  Speaker 1: Mills in eighteen twenty nine, the late mister Robert Fairbairn,
• 34:36
  Speaker 1: then in charge of the bowman business, being appointed postmaster.
• 34:40
  Speaker 1: His house was situated on the east bank of the
• 34:43
  Speaker 1: mill pond, where an old orchard may now be seen.
• 34:47
  Speaker 1: This orchard he planted soon after his arrival in Darlington.
• 34:52
  Speaker 1: The first mail that came to this place was opened
• 34:55
  Speaker 1: by John Simpson, the present Honorable, a young man who
• 35:00
  Speaker 1: then clerk for mister Fairbairn. The mail was carried in
• 35:03
  Speaker 1: an open wagon with passengers, the passengers usually sitting in
• 35:08
  Speaker 1: the wagon while the mail was changed, it being passed
• 35:12
  Speaker 1: through an open window for that purpose. On one occasion
• 35:16
  Speaker 1: it is said the mail came through without the ceremony
• 35:19
  Speaker 1: of having the windows opened, taking the glass and some
• 35:22
  Speaker 1: of the sash along with it. I do not know
• 35:26
  Speaker 1: the precise time that this occurred, but the late mister
• 35:29
  Speaker 1: William Glover was then mail carrier. The first person who
• 35:33
  Speaker 1: contracted to deliver the mails at Darlington Mills was a
• 35:37
  Speaker 1: mister Ogden of Clark. About this time mister Simpson took
• 35:42
  Speaker 1: the census of Darlington, which amounted to one hundred and
• 35:45
  Speaker 1: eighteen persons. Only one house was then erected north of
• 35:49
  Speaker 1: the main road. Mister Fairbairn, after retiring from the Bowman business,
• 35:57
  Speaker 1: was succeeded by mister John Lester, who can aducted the
• 36:00
  Speaker 1: affairs of the firm for five or six years and
• 36:03
  Speaker 1: then went into business for himself on the hill west
• 36:07
  Speaker 1: of the creek. Mister George Smart next took charge of
• 36:11
  Speaker 1: the Bowman estate and business, and about a year afterwards
• 36:15
  Speaker 1: was accidentally thrown from a horse and killed. After mister
• 36:19
  Speaker 1: Smart's death, mister John Simpson, then a young man eighteen
• 36:24
  Speaker 1: years of age, took upon himself the responsibility of transacting
• 36:28
  Speaker 1: the business of the firm. The business of Bowmen and
• 36:32
  Speaker 1: Co now extended in proportion to the increase of the population,
• 36:37
  Speaker 1: and from the generous system adopted by them in their
• 36:40
  Speaker 1: business relation towards farmers generally, but more especially to those who,
• 36:45
  Speaker 1: with limited means, had lately arrived to settle in the country.
• 36:50
  Speaker 1: To such as these, the company extended an almost unlimited credit,
• 36:55
  Speaker 1: thus affording them the necessary means to prosecute their daily
• 36:58
  Speaker 1: avocations and agricultural pursuits. During a long continued business embracing
• 37:05
  Speaker 1: half a lifetime. This firm rarely or ever resorted to
• 37:10
  Speaker 1: legal measures to adjust claims. There are many persons now
• 37:14
  Speaker 1: living in easy and affluent circumstances who can trace the
• 37:18
  Speaker 1: foundation of their prosperity to this cause. In a record
• 37:24
  Speaker 1: kept by Missus David Burke, widow of the late David
• 37:27
  Speaker 1: Burke of Darlington, it is shown that her ancestors, along
• 37:31
  Speaker 1: with a number of other families, emigrated from Hamburg, Germany,
• 37:36
  Speaker 1: in seventeen ninety four, under the guidance of a person
• 37:39
  Speaker 1: named Boorzi. Instead of taking them to Canada, as he
• 37:44
  Speaker 1: agreed to, he brought them to Genesee Valley, New York,
• 37:48
  Speaker 1: where they remained two years before making the discovery that
• 37:52
  Speaker 1: it was not British territory. Being dissatisfied, they then applied
• 37:57
  Speaker 1: to Governor Simcoe, who gave them grants of land in
• 38:00
  Speaker 1: Markham and compelled mister Borsey to fulfill his agreement. He
• 38:05
  Speaker 1: conveyed them by ox slays during winter around the lake.
• 38:10
  Speaker 1: In eighteen forty one, the principal part of the village
• 38:14
  Speaker 1: was on the west side of the creek, a large hotel,
• 38:18
  Speaker 1: two or three stores, a blacksmith shop, cabinet shop, and
• 38:22
  Speaker 1: several fine residences. Had the adjoining real estate been put
• 38:26
  Speaker 1: into the market, the town would in all probability have
• 38:30
  Speaker 1: been built on that site. One of the customs very
• 38:35
  Speaker 1: much in vogue was the shivery. On the occasion of
• 38:39
  Speaker 1: a wedding. The young men of the neighborhood, provided with horns, bells,
• 38:44
  Speaker 1: tin pans, et cetera, et cetera, always made their appearance
• 38:48
  Speaker 1: a la masque. This custom first originated in the French
• 38:52
  Speaker 1: rural districts, and it is probable that at first it
• 38:57
  Speaker 1: was productive of more good than harm, as it was
• 39:00
  Speaker 1: only resorted to when public decency was considered to have
• 39:04
  Speaker 1: been outraged through some ill chosen or disgraceful match. But
• 39:09
  Speaker 1: this feature in shivalry companies was soon lost sight of
• 39:13
  Speaker 1: after its introduction into the Upper province. No distinction was
• 39:17
  Speaker 1: made between a wedding every way proper and unimpeachable, or
• 39:22
  Speaker 1: one of an opposite character. Many of these demonstrations were
• 39:26
  Speaker 1: indulged in by the early settlers, and there are many
• 39:30
  Speaker 1: holding honorable positions among us today who will remember with
• 39:34
  Speaker 1: regret the part they took in them.
• 39:38
  Speaker 2: One of these.
• 39:39
  Speaker 1: Shivalies occurred on the occasion of the marriage of mister
• 39:42
  Speaker 1: T to Miss H. Nothing was objectionable in this match,
• 39:47
  Speaker 1: but the company assembled in considerable force, and, after having
• 39:52
  Speaker 1: demanded the fee, which was refused, proceeded in the usual
• 39:56
  Speaker 1: manner to make as much noise and confusion as possible.
• 40:00
  Speaker 1: The married couple were located in a house, the upper
• 40:04
  Speaker 1: portion of which was unfinished. The doors and windows below
• 40:08
  Speaker 1: had been bolted and barricaded, but the windows in the
• 40:12
  Speaker 1: upper story had not yet been put in. Some of
• 40:15
  Speaker 1: the company soon perceived this, and, climbing up, entered through
• 40:19
  Speaker 1: the window. They then found their way downstairs, unfastened the
• 40:24
  Speaker 1: door and let in the crowd, who rushed into the
• 40:27
  Speaker 1: room occupied by the bride and bridegroom, laid hold of
• 40:31
  Speaker 1: mister T and brought him in de Sabille to the street,
• 40:36
  Speaker 1: where they placed him on a rail, with the intention
• 40:38
  Speaker 1: of giving him a free ride. He then consented to
• 40:42
  Speaker 1: comply with the rules of the company. The money being
• 40:45
  Speaker 1: in the possession of his wife, he asked permission to
• 40:49
  Speaker 1: go to her room to get it, which request was granted.
• 40:53
  Speaker 1: In the meantime, some of the party, with a view
• 40:56
  Speaker 1: of rendering his appearance as ridiculous as possible, had blackened
• 41:01
  Speaker 1: his face with lamp black.
• 41:03
  Speaker 2: But his mind was so much.
• 41:04
  Speaker 1: Occupied with other matters that he did not think of this,
• 41:08
  Speaker 1: and when released, hurried to his wife's apartment and, in
• 41:13
  Speaker 1: a hasty and confused manner, demanded the amount. The lady,
• 41:18
  Speaker 1: whose natural amiability of character had given way to one
• 41:21
  Speaker 1: of hostile feeling, did not recognize her husband in his
• 41:26
  Speaker 1: changed appearance. She seized a brass candlestick and dalt him
• 41:31
  Speaker 1: a blow over the eye, which produced a very ugly
• 41:34
  Speaker 1: flesh wound, causing the blood to run freely, and placed
• 41:38
  Speaker 1: herself in an attitude to repeat the blow. He shouted
• 41:41
  Speaker 1: to her not to strike him again, that he was
• 41:44
  Speaker 1: her husband, her dear William. Aware of what she had done,
• 41:49
  Speaker 1: she expressed her regrets in the most piteous tones, took
• 41:53
  Speaker 1: him in her arms, kissed him, and called him by
• 41:56
  Speaker 1: the most endearing names. The whole, forming one of the
• 42:00
  Speaker 1: most affecting scenes probably ever witnessed by a shivalry company.
• 42:06
  Speaker 1: A case of practical joking is related of two old residents,
• 42:10
  Speaker 1: one of whom is still living in Beaumanville. Mister G,
• 42:15
  Speaker 1: who had been out shooting, observed mister S standing near
• 42:19
  Speaker 1: a field in which a horse was quietly grazing. Having
• 42:23
  Speaker 1: first loaded his gun with a heavy charge of buckshot,
• 42:26
  Speaker 1: he approached mister S, who inquired what luck he had
• 42:30
  Speaker 1: met with. He replied that there was plenty of game,
• 42:34
  Speaker 1: but his fowling piece was so weak in the breach
• 42:37
  Speaker 1: that she could scarcely kill. For instance, said he, I
• 42:41
  Speaker 1: will bet you the liquor. You cannot make that horse
• 42:44
  Speaker 1: look up or even wink by shooting at him from
• 42:47
  Speaker 1: here Dawn said mister S, give me the gun. Whereupon
• 42:53
  Speaker 1: the gun was handed to him, and after taking good aim,
• 42:57
  Speaker 1: he fired it made a terrific report the recoil of
• 43:01
  Speaker 1: the gun, sending him to the right about. The horse
• 43:04
  Speaker 1: ran a short distance and dropped dead.
• 43:08
  Speaker 2: Mister G said, you.
• 43:10
  Speaker 1: Have won the liquor. I will pay for the whisky
• 43:12
  Speaker 1: and you pay for the horse. This story can be
• 43:16
  Speaker 1: vouched for by many residents and the owner of the horse,
• 43:20
  Speaker 1: mister Thomas Hall. There was a certain class among the
• 43:24
  Speaker 1: old settlers of Bowmanville that had a keen relish for fun.
• 43:29
  Speaker 1: Some of them had such a high appreciation of a
• 43:31
  Speaker 1: good joke that they considered it one of the best
• 43:34
  Speaker 1: of human attributes to be able to take a joke
• 43:37
  Speaker 1: as well as to give it. On one occasion, a
• 43:41
  Speaker 1: choice lot of these spirits met in the old distillery
• 43:44
  Speaker 1: to discuss passing events and to while away a few
• 43:48
  Speaker 1: fleeting hours in convivial pleasant trees. One of their associates,
• 43:53
  Speaker 1: mister g was absent that evening, having gone down to
• 43:57
  Speaker 1: the creek to spear salmon. It was a usual thing
• 44:01
  Speaker 1: at those primitive gatherings to wind up the evening's doings
• 44:05
  Speaker 1: with a collation of some kind improvised for the occasion,
• 44:09
  Speaker 1: in consequence of which dark hints had been frequently thrown
• 44:13
  Speaker 1: out about hen roosts being denuded and duck pens visited.
• 44:19
  Speaker 1: But whether there was any truthful foundations for these insinuations
• 44:23
  Speaker 1: will now most likely ever remain doubtful. But there is
• 44:27
  Speaker 1: not the slightest doubt that if poultry of any kind
• 44:31
  Speaker 1: had ever found their way in there, the red hot
• 44:34
  Speaker 1: furnace afforded, one of the most commodious and expeditious places
• 44:38
  Speaker 1: known for cooking them. On this occasion, some of the
• 44:42
  Speaker 1: parties present conceived the idea that, as mister G was
• 44:47
  Speaker 1: the owner of a very fine gobbler, it should for
• 44:50
  Speaker 1: the present be sacrificed to appease the cravings of appetite
• 44:55
  Speaker 1: and in order not to steal it. They concluded to
• 44:58
  Speaker 1: take the turkey cooked and then invite mister G to
• 45:03
  Speaker 1: help them eat it, as he would most likely be
• 45:06
  Speaker 1: very hungry. After fishing, about midnight, he returned and was
• 45:11
  Speaker 1: agreeably surprised when he received the invitation to come and
• 45:15
  Speaker 1: take lunch with a few friends, to which he readily assented.
• 45:21
  Speaker 1: On joining his friends, he beheld a sight fit to tempt,
• 45:24
  Speaker 1: an epicure, and enough to make a hungry man's mouth water.
• 45:30
  Speaker 1: A splendid roast turkey was laid out on the board,
• 45:33
  Speaker 1: with trimmings and extras, and something hot to wash it down.
• 45:38
  Speaker 1: He pronounced the affair a capital get up, and the
• 45:41
  Speaker 1: whole thing a complete success. His friends intimated that as
• 45:45
  Speaker 1: he was absent in the fore part of the evening
• 45:48
  Speaker 1: and therefore not responsible for anything, that had been done,
• 45:52
  Speaker 1: he should give his word of honor to keep mum
• 45:55
  Speaker 1: on the subject. With feelings of wounded pride at their
• 45:59
  Speaker 1: seeming lack of confidence, he said he most assuredly would
• 46:04
  Speaker 1: everything being thus satisfactorily settled and supper waiting, they requested
• 46:10
  Speaker 1: him to take the head of the table and do
• 46:12
  Speaker 1: the carving, which he did in a very creditable manner. Meanwhile,
• 46:17
  Speaker 1: the party, after discussing the merits and d merits of
• 46:21
  Speaker 1: the gobbler, his live weight, dead weight, probable age, and
• 46:25
  Speaker 1: by whom he was raised, became so pointed in their
• 46:29
  Speaker 1: remarks as to leave very little doubt on mister G's
• 46:32
  Speaker 1: mind as to who was the owner of the turkey.
• 46:36
  Speaker 1: He immediately arose and said, you are a set of scoundrels.
• 46:41
  Speaker 1: I believe you have taken my turkey, to which they replied,
• 46:46
  Speaker 1: yes we have, but you gave your word of honor
• 46:49
  Speaker 1: to be mom gentlemen, said mister G. After a few
• 46:54
  Speaker 1: moments reflection, I am sold, but don't let this interfere
• 46:58
  Speaker 1: with the enjoyment of our supper. Mormons. In eighteen thirty nine,
• 47:06
  Speaker 1: Boumanville was visited by Mormon delegates holding fourth Great inducements
• 47:10
  Speaker 1: to converts to follow them to the Land of Promise,
• 47:14
  Speaker 1: situated somewhere in the United States. The Mormon interests were
• 47:18
  Speaker 1: represented by Messrs Babbitt and Tailor. The former, in one
• 47:23
  Speaker 1: of his lectures, which was largely attended and in which
• 47:27
  Speaker 1: some of the farmers began to take a very great interest,
• 47:30
  Speaker 1: tried to establish, by comparison of the Hebrew and Indian languages,
• 47:35
  Speaker 1: that the Indians of America were the descendants of the
• 47:38
  Speaker 1: ten Lost tribes of Israel. Having concluded his lecture, he
• 47:43
  Speaker 1: asked if any one present would controvert the position taken
• 47:46
  Speaker 1: by him, whereupon the Reverend mister Tapscot, Baptist minister, arose
• 47:53
  Speaker 1: and asked him whether or not it was essential for
• 47:56
  Speaker 1: a person endeavoring to establish such a point to possess
• 48:00
  Speaker 1: a knowledge of the Hebrew language, to which mister Babbitt replied.
• 48:05
  Speaker 2: That it was.
• 48:06
  Speaker 1: Mister Tapscott then asked him if he possessed a knowledge
• 48:10
  Speaker 1: of that language. He replied that he did to a
• 48:13
  Speaker 1: certain extent. After being questioned for some time and showing
• 48:18
  Speaker 1: total ignorance in reference to the subject, he tried to
• 48:22
  Speaker 1: excuse himself by saying that being on a journey, and
• 48:26
  Speaker 1: not able to refer to his books. He was not
• 48:29
  Speaker 1: so well posted as he otherwise should have been. Mister
• 48:34
  Speaker 1: Tapscott then remarked that, however limited a person's knowledge of
• 48:38
  Speaker 1: a language might be, they very rarely forgot the alphabet,
• 48:42
  Speaker 1: and asked him if he could repeat it or tell
• 48:45
  Speaker 1: him the first letter of it, which he was forced
• 48:48
  Speaker 1: to acknowledge. He could not, and with confusion and chagrin
• 48:53
  Speaker 1: he saw the tables turned against him, and himself and
• 48:56
  Speaker 1: colleague exposed as false prophets, and humby. They soon left
• 49:02
  Speaker 1: the town. Thus ended disastrously the first attempt to establish
• 49:07
  Speaker 1: Mormonism in Bowmanville. Burial places of early settlers. Of the
• 49:14
  Speaker 1: burial places of early settlers many occur along the shore
• 49:18
  Speaker 1: of Lake Ontario. One of the first places of interment
• 49:22
  Speaker 1: in this township was at Port Darlington, a little to
• 49:26
  Speaker 1: the south of Peter Hambley's House. Indians as well as
• 49:30
  Speaker 1: whites were there buried. Most of the latter were afterwards removed,
• 49:35
  Speaker 1: but while mister Dillon was engaged some years ago in
• 49:38
  Speaker 1: building and grading the wharf road, human remains in considerable
• 49:43
  Speaker 1: quantities were brought to the surface. A similar place was
• 49:48
  Speaker 1: known to have existed on the baseline near the rise
• 49:51
  Speaker 1: of ground west of the quarry.
• 49:54
  Speaker 2: Mister W. K.
• 49:55
  Speaker 1: Burke relates an instance of a man and wife who
• 49:58
  Speaker 1: were buried on a farm near the lake shore, and
• 50:01
  Speaker 1: twice during his younger days he fixed the palings around
• 50:05
  Speaker 1: their graves. Years ago these had disappeared, and the precise
• 50:10
  Speaker 1: place of the graves can no longer be traced, as
• 50:13
  Speaker 1: the whole field has for many years been under a
• 50:16
  Speaker 1: state of cultivation. Those facts show the necessity and propriety
• 50:21
  Speaker 1: of establishing public burial places in the form of cemeteries,
• 50:26
  Speaker 1: the ground of which cannot afterwards be controverted or applied
• 50:29
  Speaker 1: to other uses. Indian burial places of burial places or
• 50:37
  Speaker 1: repositories for the dead of the Aborigines several have from
• 50:41
  Speaker 1: time to time been discovered throughout the country. Soon after
• 50:46
  Speaker 1: the settlement of the township of Manvers, one was discovered
• 50:49
  Speaker 1: on Lot number three, eleventh concession, situated on a promontory
• 50:54
  Speaker 1: of high table land, which projected out in the form
• 50:57
  Speaker 1: of a pair elevated about four forty feet above the
• 51:01
  Speaker 1: flat swamp by which it was partly surrounded. On the
• 51:05
  Speaker 1: top of this place was a depression of about six
• 51:08
  Speaker 1: feet in which the Indian remains were found buried from
• 51:12
  Speaker 1: five to six feet below the surface. This was the
• 51:16
  Speaker 1: condition in which it was found in eighteen thirty nine
• 51:19
  Speaker 1: by mister James P. Lovekin, mister John Wilmot, and others,
• 51:24
  Speaker 1: at which time there were two trees growing in the
• 51:27
  Speaker 1: soil that covered the bones. Among all classes of Indians,
• 51:32
  Speaker 1: these places are held in great veneration, and by them
• 51:36
  Speaker 1: are never disturbed.
• 51:37
  Speaker 2: This, however, is.
• 51:39
  Speaker 1: Not the case with the white men, some of whom
• 51:41
  Speaker 1: visit these places for the laudable purpose of gaining knowledge
• 51:45
  Speaker 1: that might tend to inform us of their curious habits,
• 51:49
  Speaker 1: customs of life, and past history. While others go from
• 51:53
  Speaker 1: mere idle and wanton motives and desecrate them by mutilating
• 51:58
  Speaker 1: and carrying off large quantities of their remains for no
• 52:01
  Speaker 1: other purpose than after satisfying their vulgar curiosity, to be
• 52:06
  Speaker 1: thrown carelessly aside. Thus they are either lost or destroyed.
• 52:12
  Speaker 1: This has undoubtedly been the case with the one in
• 52:15
  Speaker 1: man Verse, which from its size and general character, would
• 52:20
  Speaker 1: indicate that a large number had been buried there. It cannot,
• 52:24
  Speaker 1: now without difficulty be determined whether this has been an
• 52:29
  Speaker 1: ordinary place of burial, or whether they are the remains
• 52:32
  Speaker 1: of those who have fallen in battle. In the former case,
• 52:36
  Speaker 1: it is usual to find their bones laid in some
• 52:39
  Speaker 1: usual form, while in the latter they are found heaped
• 52:43
  Speaker 1: and thrown together promiscuously. As in their primitive mode of warfare,
• 52:49
  Speaker 1: tomahawks and war clubs were commonly used. A number of
• 52:54
  Speaker 1: indentures and fractures may be traced upon the craniums produced
• 52:58
  Speaker 1: by scalp wounds recips in their hand to hand conflicts.
• 53:03
  Speaker 1: Another of these places of interment is found at ball
• 53:06
  Speaker 1: Point Scugog, Indian Crooked Devil Lake. For a long time
• 53:12
  Speaker 1: after its discovery it bore the reputation of containing the
• 53:16
  Speaker 1: remains of a gigantic race.
• 53:19
  Speaker 2: The truth of this, however, is.
• 53:21
  Speaker 1: Not borne out by subsequent investigations. All the bones that
• 53:25
  Speaker 1: I have seen from that place are of the ordinary size.
• 53:29
  Speaker 1: Doctor Reid, a well known physician of this town, who
• 53:33
  Speaker 1: visited the locality twenty years ago, and who has some
• 53:37
  Speaker 1: of the bones still in his possession in a good
• 53:40
  Speaker 1: state of preservation, did not find that any were of
• 53:44
  Speaker 1: an unusual size. Quite a number of interesting Indian relics
• 53:50
  Speaker 1: have been found consisting of stone hatchets, flint and bone arrowheads,
• 53:55
  Speaker 1: some of a very large size bone needles supposed to
• 53:59
  Speaker 1: be used in making fish nets, and stone pipes that
• 54:04
  Speaker 1: at one time a system of exchange embracing an extensive
• 54:08
  Speaker 1: trade between the different tribes of the Aborigines of this
• 54:11
  Speaker 1: country was carried on. There is not the slightest doubt
• 54:15
  Speaker 1: Wampum was the money used by them, and consisted of
• 54:19
  Speaker 1: various kinds of shells, portions of which were strung like
• 54:23
  Speaker 1: beads or worked into belts and other ornaments. Each of
• 54:27
  Speaker 1: these shells had a determined value and was the medium
• 54:31
  Speaker 1: by which things were bought and sold. Shells that were
• 54:35
  Speaker 1: indigenous to the Pacific coast have been frequently found among
• 54:39
  Speaker 1: the relics of the Atlantic tribes, as also have a
• 54:43
  Speaker 1: number of the calumets or stone pipes made from a
• 54:46
  Speaker 1: peculiar kind of the red rock, easily worked of a
• 54:50
  Speaker 1: very fine texture, and I believe only found in the
• 54:54
  Speaker 1: vicinity of Nipagon, Lake Superior and the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers.
• 55:00
  Speaker 1: The Cape diamond, which is only found near Quebec, has
• 55:03
  Speaker 1: been found in the possession of the far western tribes.
• 55:08
  Speaker 1: Of all these transactions. The present race of Indians appear
• 55:11
  Speaker 1: to have no satisfactory record, or have they any well
• 55:15
  Speaker 1: founded tradition respecting their past history. An idea prevails among
• 55:21
  Speaker 1: them that at one time they were a powerful and
• 55:24
  Speaker 1: numerous race, but all beyond this is obscured and conjectured.
• 55:30
  Speaker 1: They are aware that they are diminishing year by year
• 55:33
  Speaker 1: to make room for the white man. He sees this
• 55:36
  Speaker 1: with a parent stolid indifference, as he can find no
• 55:40
  Speaker 1: way to avoid his fate. Their institutions are also being
• 55:45
  Speaker 1: changed or entirely done away. With the grand pow Wow
• 55:49
  Speaker 1: or yearly feast, which lasted for several days and for
• 55:53
  Speaker 1: which they were always a raid. In war, costume is
• 55:57
  Speaker 1: now only observed among the remote tribes of the north Way,
• 56:01
  Speaker 1: nor have those of the Dominion any further use for
• 56:04
  Speaker 1: either the costume or implements of war, as it is
• 56:07
  Speaker 1: many years since they fought their last battle, which I
• 56:11
  Speaker 1: believe occurred at Point Iroquois Lake Superior, where the Ojibways
• 56:16
  Speaker 1: protected the retreating Hurons who were trying to escape from
• 56:20
  Speaker 1: their enemies. While the latter were encamped during the night,
• 56:25
  Speaker 1: the Hurons with their allies, stole upon them and taking
• 56:29
  Speaker 1: them by surprise, nearly exterminated the whole party. The remains
• 56:34
  Speaker 1: of skeletons, et cetera are to be seen bleaching the
• 56:37
  Speaker 1: shores of Lake Superior. The courtship and marriage ceremony among
• 56:43
  Speaker 1: the Chippewas is very simple. After a young Indian has
• 56:47
  Speaker 1: had an ample opportunity of choosing from among his acquaintances
• 56:52
  Speaker 1: the young squah he desires, he embraces the first opportunity
• 56:56
  Speaker 1: to repair to a concealed place near her lodge, where
• 57:00
  Speaker 1: he beats on an instrument called the tom tom, and
• 57:03
  Speaker 1: accompanies it by singing and shouting in a very loud
• 57:07
  Speaker 1: tone of voice. If his lady love thinks favorably of
• 57:10
  Speaker 1: his suit, he will find on the third night a
• 57:14
  Speaker 1: bell hung up in his place of rendezvous, the meaning
• 57:18
  Speaker 1: of which he knows full well how to interpret. He
• 57:21
  Speaker 1: next repairs to her father and ascertains as to the
• 57:25
  Speaker 1: purchase money, which usually amounts to about twelve dollars in
• 57:29
  Speaker 1: furs or other commodities. After having paid it, the medicine
• 57:34
  Speaker 1: man is spoken to and a feast prepared, to which
• 57:37
  Speaker 1: the friends of both parties are invited. Soon after the
• 57:42
  Speaker 1: friends assemble and all is ready, the intended bride, being
• 57:46
  Speaker 1: present with her mother and quite well aware of what
• 57:49
  Speaker 1: is going to take place, affects to be entirely ignorant,
• 57:53
  Speaker 1: and when approached by the young brave for the purpose
• 57:56
  Speaker 1: of having the nuptial rites performed, appears not only surprised,
• 58:01
  Speaker 1: but very angry, and refuses point blank to have anything
• 58:05
  Speaker 1: to do with him. Her mother tries to persuade her,
• 58:09
  Speaker 1: but to no effect, when the apparently disappointed lover rushes
• 58:13
  Speaker 1: upon her and takes her by force before the medicine man,
• 58:18
  Speaker 1: who says a few words, after which the bridegroom takes
• 58:21
  Speaker 1: her off to his wigwam. The bride, still kicking, struggling,
• 58:25
  Speaker 1: and fighting. As soon as she reaches the wigwam, a
• 58:29
  Speaker 1: sense of duty pervades her and all pretense ceases. While
• 58:35
  Speaker 1: in Green Bay, Wisconsin, I saw a very singular and
• 58:39
  Speaker 1: interesting Indian curiosity. It consisted of a section of a
• 58:44
  Speaker 1: maple tree about four and a half feet in length
• 58:47
  Speaker 1: and ten inches in diameter, near the center of which
• 58:51
  Speaker 1: was a large knotty protuberance, being an exact image of
• 58:55
  Speaker 1: three Indian heads, the faces looking outwards from the center.
• 59:00
  Speaker 1: These figures were life size and represented two Indians and
• 59:04
  Speaker 1: a squaw that had been executed. One of the Indians
• 59:08
  Speaker 1: evidently had his head crushed by a blow, the other
• 59:12
  Speaker 1: had a hole cut through the base of the brain,
• 59:15
  Speaker 1: and the squaw had been scalped, the skin hanging in
• 59:19
  Speaker 1: wrinkled folds over her brow, while a tomahawk wound causing
• 59:23
  Speaker 1: a deep gash in her forehead just above the right eye,
• 59:27
  Speaker 1: had no doubt caused her death. The different expressions on
• 59:32
  Speaker 1: the countenances of these figures were finely delineated and as
• 59:36
  Speaker 1: distinctly poor trayed as if done on canvas by a
• 59:40
  Speaker 1: good artist. The eyebrows, eyes, ears, nose, lips, teeth, and
• 59:46
  Speaker 1: chin were formed by the natural growth of the wood,
• 59:49
  Speaker 1: standing out in bold relief, and by no theory has
• 59:53
  Speaker 1: it ever been satisfactorily explained how these likenesses have been
• 59:57
  Speaker 1: produced on the living tree. This curiosity is still in
• 1:00:02
  Speaker 1: the possession of a citizen of Green Bay, who found
• 1:00:05
  Speaker 1: it growing in the woods about ten miles from the city,
• 1:00:09
  Speaker 1: and who takes pleasure in showing it to visitors. Over
• 1:00:14
  Speaker 1: the whole continent of North America, we have evident proof
• 1:00:18
  Speaker 1: of their once having been a very numerous and powerful people.
• 1:00:22
  Speaker 1: They are found scattered over the different parts of the country,
• 1:00:25
  Speaker 1: from the ice bound regions of the Arctic Sea and
• 1:00:28
  Speaker 1: coast of Labrador to the sunny shores of Florida and
• 1:00:32
  Speaker 1: the Pacific Ocean, and although divided into many tribes differing
• 1:00:37
  Speaker 1: from each other in many respects, they are nearly all
• 1:00:41
  Speaker 1: of the same color, have similar superstitions, and essentially belong
• 1:00:45
  Speaker 1: to one great family. The extensive Indian mounds found in
• 1:00:50
  Speaker 1: Wisconsin and other parts of the United States show that
• 1:00:54
  Speaker 1: a great number of people must have been engaged for
• 1:00:57
  Speaker 1: many years in their construction, but this once numerous family
• 1:01:02
  Speaker 1: appear from some evolution in nature, to be passing rapidly away.
• 1:01:08
  Speaker 1: When Nova Scotia was first discovered, it was inhabited by
• 1:01:12
  Speaker 1: a tribe of Indians of mild and pacific deportment, known
• 1:01:16
  Speaker 1: to the whites as the Red Indians on account of
• 1:01:19
  Speaker 1: their particularly red color. The tribe then numbered several thousands,
• 1:01:24
  Speaker 1: but is now totally extinct. The Indians have many superstitions.
• 1:01:31
  Speaker 1: One that exists among the Lake Superior Indians in connection
• 1:01:35
  Speaker 1: with an island known as the Manitou, probably had its
• 1:01:39
  Speaker 1: origin in the mirage, which often occurs during spring and fall.
• 1:01:43
  Speaker 1: When this island appears to be elevated much above its
• 1:01:46
  Speaker 1: natural position, and again to be submerged beneath the surface
• 1:01:50
  Speaker 1: of the lake. This phenomena takes place nearly every night
• 1:01:55
  Speaker 1: just before sunset during the month of June. The Indians
• 1:02:00
  Speaker 1: leave this island to be inhabited by a Manatou. There
• 1:02:03
  Speaker 1: are different kinds of manitous, Some are good, others are bad.
• 1:02:08
  Speaker 1: This one they believe to be very wicked, And if
• 1:02:12
  Speaker 1: an Indian is drowned while out in his canoe, they
• 1:02:15
  Speaker 1: in some way connect it with this Manitou, and no
• 1:02:19
  Speaker 1: Indian can be persuaded to set foot upon the island.
• 1:02:22
  Speaker 2: Or to go near it.
• 1:02:24
  Speaker 1: I was informed of this by a mister Whiteeside's photographic artist,
• 1:02:29
  Speaker 1: who made a tour around Superior for the purpose of
• 1:02:32
  Speaker 1: taking stereoscopic views. When approaching the island, having a mackinac
• 1:02:38
  Speaker 1: boat and two assistants, one of them an Indian, when
• 1:02:42
  Speaker 1: aware of mister Whiteside's intentions, threatened to jump overboard unless
• 1:02:48
  Speaker 1: he changed the course of the boat and put him
• 1:02:50
  Speaker 1: on the main shore. Nor could bribes or threats alter
• 1:02:55
  Speaker 1: the Indian's determination. End of Section T two Section three
• 1:03:07
  Speaker 1: of History of the Early settlement of Bowmanville and Vicinity
• 1:03:10
  Speaker 1: by John T.
• 1:03:11
  Speaker 2: Coleman.
• 1:03:12
  Speaker 1: This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Section three
• 1:03:17
  Speaker 1: Zoology conchology. The zoology of this portion of Canada has
• 1:03:24
  Speaker 1: undergone a very material change since its early settlement, not
• 1:03:28
  Speaker 1: only relative to the mammals and fish, but also to
• 1:03:31
  Speaker 1: the birds, reptiles and shells. Among the latter, quite a
• 1:03:36
  Speaker 1: number of the helices or land snails have disappeared, as
• 1:03:41
  Speaker 1: well as several species of the Unios freshwater mussels, as
• 1:03:45
  Speaker 1: in the case of the Unios striatus and Unios gibosis.
• 1:03:51
  Speaker 1: These were formerly found in great plenty in Soper's Creek
• 1:03:55
  Speaker 1: between his mill and the Grand Trunk Bridge. Fragilis paper
• 1:04:01
  Speaker 1: shell mussel is found at the mouth of Burke's Marsh,
• 1:04:06
  Speaker 1: and Unios complomatis pink shell mussels on the mudshoals common
• 1:04:11
  Speaker 1: to all the marshes and at Scugog Lake. This mussel,
• 1:04:15
  Speaker 1: it is well known, forms during the winter the principal
• 1:04:20
  Speaker 1: food of the muskrat, and the numbers devoured by a
• 1:04:23
  Speaker 1: small family in one season would appear almost incredible. The
• 1:04:28
  Speaker 1: empty shells lying adjacent to their house would amount to
• 1:04:32
  Speaker 1: several wagon loads There are in all about fifteen known
• 1:04:36
  Speaker 1: species in Canada, one of which is edible. Another species,
• 1:04:42
  Speaker 1: which is found in the lower Saint Lawrence Unios margratifera,
• 1:04:47
  Speaker 1: was taken in great numbers on account of a pearl
• 1:04:50
  Speaker 1: which it supplied, and at that time the exportation of
• 1:04:54
  Speaker 1: this pearl formed quite an important branch of commerce between
• 1:04:58
  Speaker 1: Canada and France. The limnias are still numerous in the
• 1:05:03
  Speaker 1: ponds and marshes, and they, as well as the planorbis,
• 1:05:07
  Speaker 1: have been appropriated by the ladies for the purpose of
• 1:05:10
  Speaker 1: making ornamental framework and shell baskets. These mussels form a
• 1:05:16
  Speaker 1: large portion of the food of aquatic birds and fish
• 1:05:20
  Speaker 1: Reptilia ophidia. As regards the reptiles, a very popular but
• 1:05:27
  Speaker 1: erroneous impression exists that some of the snakes and lizards
• 1:05:31
  Speaker 1: in our immediate vicinity are poisonous. With but one exception,
• 1:05:36
  Speaker 1: there is not a poisonous reptile known in Canada, and
• 1:05:40
  Speaker 1: even this one is limited to a very small extent
• 1:05:43
  Speaker 1: of territory. It is known as the Crotalis Massasauga, a
• 1:05:48
  Speaker 1: small rattle snake found in the vicinity of Niagara, Hamilton,
• 1:05:52
  Speaker 1: and some of the most southern portions of lake erie.
• 1:05:56
  Speaker 1: They have, however, of late years, become very scared. The
• 1:06:01
  Speaker 1: average length of this snake is from two feet six
• 1:06:04
  Speaker 1: to three feet. The family Crotalus comprise a great many
• 1:06:09
  Speaker 1: species and are all indigenous to America. They are very
• 1:06:14
  Speaker 1: numerous in the Rocky Mountains California and Mexico. While collecting
• 1:06:19
  Speaker 1: and preserving natural history specimens for the University of Kentucky
• 1:06:24
  Speaker 1: in eighteen sixty six, I received a specimen of Crotalus
• 1:06:28
  Speaker 1: Crotalus adamentius, or diamond rattle snake, named from some beautiful
• 1:06:34
  Speaker 1: yellow diamond markings which commence at the head and increase
• 1:06:38
  Speaker 1: in size with the body, gradually diminishing towards the end
• 1:06:42
  Speaker 1: of the tail. This snake, when received was alive and
• 1:06:47
  Speaker 1: healthy and measured seven feet five inches. When irritated, it
• 1:06:52
  Speaker 1: threw itself into a coil with its head and tail
• 1:06:55
  Speaker 1: erected in the center, and kept up a continuous rattle.
• 1:07:00
  Speaker 1: The regent of the institution, fearing that some accident might occur,
• 1:07:05
  Speaker 1: thought it best to have its fangs removed. An apparatus
• 1:07:09
  Speaker 1: was soon improvised, and after securing its head firmly, we
• 1:07:13
  Speaker 1: commenced to probe for one of the fangs. They were
• 1:07:17
  Speaker 1: four in number two on each side of the upper jaw,
• 1:07:20
  Speaker 1: and were folded down in the jaw in a small
• 1:07:23
  Speaker 1: groove similar to the closing of a jackknife blade. While
• 1:07:27
  Speaker 1: thus engaged, the animal became excited, erected the fang and
• 1:07:31
  Speaker 1: began to eject poison from it, something in the manner
• 1:07:35
  Speaker 1: of jetting liquid from a small syringe. This was cut
• 1:07:39
  Speaker 1: in a vessel and in color and consistency resembled sweet oil.
• 1:07:44
  Speaker 1: About a fluid ounce of this virus was preserved for experiments.
• 1:07:49
  Speaker 1: It is acid to the taste and perfectly harmless when
• 1:07:53
  Speaker 1: taken into the mouth, and may be swallowed with impunity.
• 1:07:57
  Speaker 1: It is only fatal in its effects when come in
• 1:08:00
  Speaker 1: contact with the blood. When this occurs, the fluid portion
• 1:08:04
  Speaker 1: is separated from the glutenous part and coagulation takes place.
• 1:08:09
  Speaker 1: Its action on the blood is similar to lemon juice
• 1:08:13
  Speaker 1: or strong vinegar with fresh milk. The poison is generated
• 1:08:17
  Speaker 1: in a ramification of small nerves situated in the cheek
• 1:08:21
  Speaker 1: behind the eye, and conveyed to a small sack at
• 1:08:25
  Speaker 1: the base of the fang, which has a tube extending
• 1:08:28
  Speaker 1: through it to the point which is formed very much
• 1:08:31
  Speaker 1: like the nib of a pen. Thus, when it strikes
• 1:08:34
  Speaker 1: its victim, it tears or scratches the bottom of the wound,
• 1:08:38
  Speaker 1: making a receptacle for the virus. The flesh of these
• 1:08:42
  Speaker 1: snakes is eaten by the California Indians. At another time,
• 1:08:47
  Speaker 1: I received a Crotalus Messasauga that had bitten a boy
• 1:08:51
  Speaker 1: of twelve years of age who was picking currants in
• 1:08:54
  Speaker 1: the garden. This boy was bitten in the second toe
• 1:08:58
  Speaker 1: of the left foot.
• 1:08:59
  Speaker 2: On beer.
• 1:09:00
  Speaker 1: Being bitten, he called to his mother, who, after killing
• 1:09:03
  Speaker 1: the snake with a poker, went for a doctor. In
• 1:09:06
  Speaker 1: the meantime, intense irritation and inflammation were produced, the legs
• 1:09:12
  Speaker 1: swelling very rapidly. Upon the arrival of the medical man,
• 1:09:16
  Speaker 1: convulsions had set in which baffled all medical skill, the
• 1:09:21
  Speaker 1: boy dying in an hour from the time of his
• 1:09:23
  Speaker 1: being bitten. The best known remedy for the bite of
• 1:09:27
  Speaker 1: these snakes is to partake freely of alcoholic spirits, and
• 1:09:31
  Speaker 1: if taken immediately after being bitten, no evil consequences follow.
• 1:09:37
  Speaker 1: Another remedy in vogue among the hunters and western men is,
• 1:09:41
  Speaker 1: in the absence of spirits, to cut a portion out
• 1:09:44
  Speaker 1: of the wound. And fill the place with gunpowder, which
• 1:09:47
  Speaker 1: is at once ignited. In this portion of Canada, we
• 1:09:52
  Speaker 1: have no poisonous snakes or reptiles of any kind. We
• 1:09:56
  Speaker 1: have four species of snakes, three colibers and one constrictor,
• 1:10:01
  Speaker 1: which are all perfectly harmless. Caliber Vernalis grass snake, which
• 1:10:07
  Speaker 1: is the most common, and Caliber Cirtalis, also a little
• 1:10:12
  Speaker 1: one rather rare, with a ring around its neck, usually
• 1:10:15
  Speaker 1: not more than five to seven inches in length. And
• 1:10:19
  Speaker 1: Bescanian constrictor, known here as the black water snake, common
• 1:10:24
  Speaker 1: to the Marshes and Scugog. Lake snakes are ovoviraparis, producing
• 1:10:31
  Speaker 1: eggs containing living animals from a female caliber. I have
• 1:10:36
  Speaker 1: taken thirty six eggs. They were contained in an ovaduct
• 1:10:40
  Speaker 1: and separated from each other by the contraction of the
• 1:10:43
  Speaker 1: egg sac around the end of each egg, and presented
• 1:10:46
  Speaker 1: an appearance somewhat similar to a number of short linked sausages.
• 1:10:51
  Speaker 1: The eggs, on being expelled from the ovaduct, presented a
• 1:10:56
  Speaker 1: white appearance and were covered with a tough, opaque skin.
• 1:11:00
  Speaker 1: They much resembled the egg of a small red mud turtle.
• 1:11:04
  Speaker 1: On being cut open. The young snake about two and
• 1:11:07
  Speaker 1: a half inches in length made its appearance and was
• 1:11:10
  Speaker 1: capable of crawling about.
• 1:11:14
  Speaker 2: Vermes.
• 1:11:15
  Speaker 1: A very popular idea exists among many persons that a
• 1:11:19
  Speaker 1: horse hair, after remaining for some time in water, will
• 1:11:23
  Speaker 1: change to a living animal. This, however, is a very
• 1:11:27
  Speaker 1: great error. The idea, no doubt, originated from the habit
• 1:11:32
  Speaker 1: of some of the caddis worms, which live inside of
• 1:11:35
  Speaker 1: tubes constructed by themselves of different materials such as grains
• 1:11:40
  Speaker 1: of sand, leaves, bits of wood, straws, and hares. These
• 1:11:45
  Speaker 1: worms are common to fresh water streams and ponds. Several
• 1:11:49
  Speaker 1: of them can be seen together in a still deep
• 1:11:52
  Speaker 1: part of our creeks or springs, with their heads protruding
• 1:11:56
  Speaker 1: from their portable dwellings, and when disturbed with drying entirely
• 1:12:00
  Speaker 1: within their tubes. There are two worms that somewhat resemble
• 1:12:05
  Speaker 1: a horse hair, Gorgeous Aquaticus antennea filiaria. The latter is
• 1:12:12
  Speaker 1: from three to five inches in length, and, as the
• 1:12:15
  Speaker 1: name indicates, is of a threadlike appearance. It is parasitic
• 1:12:20
  Speaker 1: and frequently found in the muscle and stomach of fish.
• 1:12:24
  Speaker 1: They are very common in the large trout of Lake Superior,
• 1:12:27
  Speaker 1: and are occasionally found in the white fish of Lake, Ontario,
• 1:12:31
  Speaker 1: as well as in birds and animals. I have also
• 1:12:34
  Speaker 1: seen them in springs. This animal belongs to the class
• 1:12:38
  Speaker 1: of tapeworms and has a sucker like mouth. The former
• 1:12:43
  Speaker 1: is much more active and of various colors, being a
• 1:12:47
  Speaker 1: dark gray or brown and sometimes black. It derives its
• 1:12:51
  Speaker 1: name from being found in knotty masses. In some places
• 1:12:56
  Speaker 1: they are very numerous, but I have only observed a
• 1:12:59
  Speaker 1: few in this locality, and those were near the head
• 1:13:02
  Speaker 1: of the marsh at Barber's Creek. Either of these worms
• 1:13:06
  Speaker 1: can be readily distinguished from a horse hair containing a
• 1:13:10
  Speaker 1: caddis with its head and fore feet protruding from the
• 1:13:13
  Speaker 1: base of the hair. Of the turtles, we have two species.
• 1:13:18
  Speaker 1: The lesser one is known as the small red or
• 1:13:21
  Speaker 1: box turtle, the other as the snapping turtle. They are
• 1:13:25
  Speaker 1: both highly esteemed by the Indians and early settlers. As
• 1:13:29
  Speaker 1: an article of diet saurians. The lizards are not very numerous.
• 1:13:36
  Speaker 1: Probably half a dozen species may be found in this vicinity.
• 1:13:40
  Speaker 1: One of these, the smallest, is commonly met with in
• 1:13:44
  Speaker 1: new chopped fallows, under rotten logs and decayed chips. There
• 1:13:49
  Speaker 1: are two other species which are terrestrial, and two others
• 1:13:52
  Speaker 1: which are aquatic. The largest of the latter Menobranchus latteralis,
• 1:13:58
  Speaker 1: known as mud point, mud puppy, et cetera, although common
• 1:14:03
  Speaker 1: to all the Great Lakes of North America, is very
• 1:14:06
  Speaker 1: rarely met with in this immediate neighborhood. I once saw
• 1:14:10
  Speaker 1: one lying on the lake shore near Darlington Harbor in
• 1:14:14
  Speaker 1: a partial state of decomposition, and another captured in Toronto Bay,
• 1:14:19
  Speaker 1: which was preserved and is now in the Museum of
• 1:14:22
  Speaker 1: Toronto University. These lizards, abounding great numbers on a shoal
• 1:14:27
  Speaker 1: in Lake Superior, which surrounds standard rock, situate forty miles
• 1:14:32
  Speaker 1: in a southeast direction from the harbor of Marquette. This rock,
• 1:14:37
  Speaker 1: which is not discernible in rough weather, can readily be
• 1:14:41
  Speaker 1: seen when the lake is calm, at which time its
• 1:14:44
  Speaker 1: summit remains a few feet above the surface. This shoal
• 1:14:49
  Speaker 1: varies in depth from three to five feet, and during
• 1:14:52
  Speaker 1: the spawning season it is frequented by salmon trout for
• 1:14:56
  Speaker 1: the purpose of depositing their eggs. At this season, the
• 1:15:00
  Speaker 1: bottom of the shoal is literally swarming with these lizards,
• 1:15:04
  Speaker 1: and the stomachs of those that were taken were gorged
• 1:15:07
  Speaker 1: with trout spawn. Some of the largest were about a
• 1:15:11
  Speaker 1: foot in length and of a dark brown color above
• 1:15:14
  Speaker 1: modeled with dark spots lightish gray underneath, with a lateral
• 1:15:19
  Speaker 1: line running along the side from the head to the tail.
• 1:15:23
  Speaker 1: This lizard has the gills on the outside, which are
• 1:15:26
  Speaker 1: erected like two tufts on each side of the head.
• 1:15:32
  Speaker 1: These animals are held in much dread by the French fishermen,
• 1:15:35
  Speaker 1: who believe them poisonous even to the touch, and when
• 1:15:39
  Speaker 1: one gets fouled in their nets, instead of shaking it
• 1:15:42
  Speaker 1: loose or taking it in the hand as they would
• 1:15:45
  Speaker 1: a fish or a frog, they invariably cut away the
• 1:15:49
  Speaker 1: meshes of the net, leaving a large hole to be repaired.
• 1:15:53
  Speaker 1: Although these fishermen have been acquainted with this lizard for
• 1:15:56
  Speaker 1: successive generations and never knew a single instance of any
• 1:16:01
  Speaker 1: harm resulting from them, this silly superstition still exists amongst them. Crustacea,
• 1:16:10
  Speaker 1: the crawfish small fresh water lobsters, is one of the
• 1:16:14
  Speaker 1: crustaceous animals found in our vicinity and is common in
• 1:16:18
  Speaker 1: streams throughout the whole of America. When schoolboys, we used
• 1:16:22
  Speaker 1: to amuse ourselves by putting two of them together and
• 1:16:26
  Speaker 1: watch their antics while engaged in a sort of a
• 1:16:28
  Speaker 1: grotesque rustle. These crawfish are eaten by many persons and
• 1:16:34
  Speaker 1: considered a great delicacy. Trout and most other kinds of
• 1:16:38
  Speaker 1: fish prey upon them. They are also taken by the raccoon.
• 1:16:44
  Speaker 1: There are several species of leeches which inhabit our marshes,
• 1:16:48
  Speaker 1: of which the horse leech is the largest. There are
• 1:16:51
  Speaker 1: none of them used for medicinal purposes.
• 1:16:55
  Speaker 2: Mammalia.
• 1:16:57
  Speaker 1: In all the various branches of natural history, there are
• 1:17:00
  Speaker 1: none that have undergone a greater change in this country
• 1:17:03
  Speaker 1: than the rodent animals. Among them are found some of
• 1:17:07
  Speaker 1: the finest ver bearing animals known in the world, such
• 1:17:10
  Speaker 1: as the otter, martin, mink ermine fisher, and beaver. In
• 1:17:16
  Speaker 1: the early history of Canada, those animals abounded in great plenty,
• 1:17:20
  Speaker 1: furnishing a large supply of pelts, which formed the staple
• 1:17:24
  Speaker 1: production of the country. Most of these animals have long
• 1:17:28
  Speaker 1: since become extinct. The beaver, that noble monarch of the
• 1:17:33
  Speaker 1: furred tribe, which furnished food and clothing to the Indian
• 1:17:37
  Speaker 1: long before the intrusion of the whites on this continent,
• 1:17:41
  Speaker 1: is like him, fated to disappear before the advance of civilization.
• 1:17:47
  Speaker 1: In different parts of the country, we still find their
• 1:17:50
  Speaker 1: remains in the form of extensive beaver meadows, their lodges
• 1:17:54
  Speaker 1: and dams having long since gone to decay. Having been
• 1:17:59
  Speaker 1: for the last last two years in the Lake Superior country,
• 1:18:03
  Speaker 1: where these animals still exist in considerable numbers, I have
• 1:18:07
  Speaker 1: had the opportunity of studying the peculiar habits and customs
• 1:18:11
  Speaker 1: of this extraordinary animal. They display great intelligence in the
• 1:18:16
  Speaker 1: selection and construction of their habitations, and would almost appear
• 1:18:20
  Speaker 1: to bring into action reasoning powers rather than instinct. The
• 1:18:26
  Speaker 1: bank beaver are those which have their abode on large
• 1:18:30
  Speaker 1: rivers where a dam cannot be constructed, such as is
• 1:18:34
  Speaker 1: the case with beavers inhabiting the Missouri Yellowstone and other
• 1:18:38
  Speaker 1: large rivers. In their migrations, which occur from scarcity of
• 1:18:43
  Speaker 1: food and other causes, they have been known to travel
• 1:18:46
  Speaker 1: across the country until a suitable place was found in
• 1:18:50
  Speaker 1: which to start a new colony. This is generally on
• 1:18:54
  Speaker 1: some small stream. After taking a survey of the premises
• 1:18:59
  Speaker 1: and calculating the amount of food it will furnish, they
• 1:19:02
  Speaker 1: set to work under one who is the sole director.
• 1:19:05
  Speaker 1: First to build a dam. None of these beavers, ever
• 1:19:09
  Speaker 1: having seen one, built and cut canals. In the construction
• 1:19:14
  Speaker 1: of their dams, a great deal of mechanical ingenuity is displayed,
• 1:19:18
  Speaker 1: and from which some useful lessons in engineering might be taken.
• 1:19:23
  Speaker 1: No two dams are precisely alike. They vary inform, length,
• 1:19:28
  Speaker 1: and material according to the situation, size of stream, or
• 1:19:33
  Speaker 1: number of beavers to be accommodated. Very frequently logs are
• 1:19:38
  Speaker 1: mortised or dovetailed together in order to secure them more
• 1:19:42
  Speaker 1: firmly in their places. And while some are thus engaged
• 1:19:46
  Speaker 1: on the dam, others are employed in cutting canals through
• 1:19:50
  Speaker 1: higher portions of ground that will not be inundated when
• 1:19:53
  Speaker 1: their dam is finished. These enable them to float logs
• 1:19:57
  Speaker 1: after the trees are cut down from the adjacent points
• 1:20:01
  Speaker 1: of timber, to various parts of their pond, for the
• 1:20:04
  Speaker 1: purpose of furnishing themselves with food and material to build
• 1:20:08
  Speaker 1: their lodges with. Now, it may be asked, without forethought, consideration,
• 1:20:14
  Speaker 1: and conclusion, how would the beaver know that this canal,
• 1:20:18
  Speaker 1: when finished, would be of any practical use or benefit
• 1:20:22
  Speaker 1: to him.
• 1:20:23
  Speaker 2: Some of these.
• 1:20:24
  Speaker 1: Canals, lately measured by a mister Morgan of Lake Superior
• 1:20:29
  Speaker 1: were found to be upwards of seventy yards in length
• 1:20:32
  Speaker 1: and were always filled with water when the dam was completed.
• 1:20:36
  Speaker 1: It shows plainly that the beaver, in selecting a place
• 1:20:40
  Speaker 1: for a new colony, takes into consideration the whole surroundings,
• 1:20:45
  Speaker 1: calculates the quantity of food and material that can be
• 1:20:48
  Speaker 1: brought into requisition, and after coming to a conclusion, proceeds
• 1:20:53
  Speaker 1: to utilize it to their own wants and requirements. While
• 1:20:58
  Speaker 1: in Superior, I received ved some fine specimens of beaver,
• 1:21:02
  Speaker 1: one of the largest of which weighed forty six pounds,
• 1:21:06
  Speaker 1: although I believe they attain a much greater size. The
• 1:21:10
  Speaker 1: beaver of Canada cast Or canadensis and the beaver of
• 1:21:14
  Speaker 1: Hudson Bay cast or fiber are identical. They are capable
• 1:21:20
  Speaker 1: of cutting down trees two or three feet in diameter,
• 1:21:24
  Speaker 1: the bark of which forms their winter food. They prefer
• 1:21:28
  Speaker 1: balm of gilead, white poplar, and birch, but will eat
• 1:21:32
  Speaker 1: many other kinds. They have a very powerful pair of
• 1:21:35
  Speaker 1: incisors in each jaw, but the cutting is done with
• 1:21:39
  Speaker 1: the teeth in the under jaw, turning their head sideways
• 1:21:42
  Speaker 1: at right angles with the tree for that purpose, and
• 1:21:46
  Speaker 1: after working for an hour, are generally relieved by another beaver.
• 1:21:51
  Speaker 1: Often two or more beavers work at the same tree.
• 1:21:55
  Speaker 1: A beaver will cut down a tree one foot through
• 1:21:58
  Speaker 1: in two hours and a half, and seldom more than
• 1:22:01
  Speaker 1: one a day. The flesh of the beaver is very
• 1:22:05
  Speaker 1: highly esteemed, both by the Indians and white hunters. It
• 1:22:10
  Speaker 1: has a flavor peculiar to itself, bearing some resemblance to
• 1:22:14
  Speaker 1: beech nut pork, but more sweet and juicy. The Indians
• 1:22:20
  Speaker 1: have several superstitions in connection with the beaver. The Chippewa's will,
• 1:22:25
  Speaker 1: on no occasion partake of beaver meat until they know
• 1:22:28
  Speaker 1: that a bone in one of the fore legs is
• 1:22:31
  Speaker 1: taken out and buried. The cause of this I have
• 1:22:35
  Speaker 1: never been able to ascertain, though, jack Lapet, a chief
• 1:22:39
  Speaker 1: living with the remnant of his tribe sixteen miles below Marquette,
• 1:22:44
  Speaker 1: explained to me a tradition which they believe in regard
• 1:22:48
  Speaker 1: to the creation of the world. He says that previous
• 1:22:52
  Speaker 1: to the creation, all was water, and that the great
• 1:22:55
  Speaker 1: Manitou made three animals, the muskrat, otter, and beaver, and
• 1:23:00
  Speaker 1: told the muskrat to dive down to the bottom and
• 1:23:03
  Speaker 1: bring up some mud. He dove, and, on coming up,
• 1:23:07
  Speaker 1: said that he could not find bottom. Whereupon the Manitud
• 1:23:11
  Speaker 1: got angry and changed his tail, which was formerly like
• 1:23:15
  Speaker 1: the otters, to an angular shape, and denuded it of fur.
• 1:23:20
  Speaker 1: He then sent down the otter, who returned and said
• 1:23:24
  Speaker 1: that he had found the bottom, but had nothing to
• 1:23:27
  Speaker 1: carry up dirt in. Then the Manitud made the beaver's
• 1:23:31
  Speaker 1: tail of a flat oval form, and the animal disappeared
• 1:23:34
  Speaker 1: beneath the surface and came up with a quantity of
• 1:23:37
  Speaker 1: mud on his tail, with which he has carried mud
• 1:23:40
  Speaker 1: ever since. This dirt the Manitou took and with it
• 1:23:45
  Speaker 1: created an island which has been gradually increasing until it
• 1:23:50
  Speaker 1: has attained its present size. Known to the white man
• 1:23:53
  Speaker 1: as the terrestrial globe, beavers, while migrating are sometimes met
• 1:23:59
  Speaker 1: with by the ear Indians, who usually on such occasions
• 1:24:03
  Speaker 1: exterminate the whole lot of them. The bank beaver does
• 1:24:07
  Speaker 1: not construct lodges, but tunnels the bank of the river.
• 1:24:11
  Speaker 1: The entrance of the tunnel is always below low water mark,
• 1:24:15
  Speaker 1: and after running ten or fifteen feet into the bank,
• 1:24:19
  Speaker 1: extends upwards above water level, often under the roots of
• 1:24:23
  Speaker 1: a tree or bottom of a large stone and near
• 1:24:26
  Speaker 1: enough to the surface to admit air. Where the roots
• 1:24:30
  Speaker 1: of a tree are not convenient, they erect a pile
• 1:24:33
  Speaker 1: of sticks, having first eaten of the bark. These piles
• 1:24:37
  Speaker 1: of sticks are often found by the Indians, who at
• 1:24:40
  Speaker 1: once recognize them and search along the bank for the
• 1:24:44
  Speaker 1: entrance of the tunnel, where they place a trap. They
• 1:24:47
  Speaker 1: then remove the sticks and drive the beaver into the trap.
• 1:24:52
  Speaker 1: Another method, very successfully practiced by the Indians is to
• 1:24:56
  Speaker 1: make a breach in the dam well, knowing that the
• 1:24:59
  Speaker 1: beaver wild will turn out, and repair.
• 1:25:01
  Speaker 2: It as quickly as possible.
• 1:25:03
  Speaker 1: Along this breach, the Indians placed their traps in such
• 1:25:07
  Speaker 1: a manner that the beaver is sure to be taken,
• 1:25:10
  Speaker 1: being through excitement rendered less weary and watchful. The castorium
• 1:25:16
  Speaker 1: of the beaver is contained in two glands near the
• 1:25:19
  Speaker 1: Anal Canal. It is of a brownish yellow color, having
• 1:25:23
  Speaker 1: a strong peculiar odor, and was considered by the ancients
• 1:25:27
  Speaker 1: to possess strong medical virtues. It is now generally used
• 1:25:31
  Speaker 1: to decoy animals into traps. The otter, although a few
• 1:25:37
  Speaker 1: are still found in the wild northern part of Canadian forests,
• 1:25:41
  Speaker 1: are scarce in all the front townships. The last that
• 1:25:45
  Speaker 1: I have seen were in Lake Scugog about twelve years ago,
• 1:25:49
  Speaker 1: while engaged in duck shooting, on which occasion three came
• 1:25:53
  Speaker 1: swimming within gunshot. I was at this time standing on
• 1:25:56
  Speaker 1: a piece of bog below Staley's landing. This animal furnishes
• 1:26:01
  Speaker 1: a very fine article of fur, but its flesh is
• 1:26:04
  Speaker 1: never eaten even by the Indians. Being dark and giving
• 1:26:09
  Speaker 1: off a very fetid odor. They are very tractable when young,
• 1:26:13
  Speaker 1: and make nice pets. One that a squaw brought down
• 1:26:17
  Speaker 1: the river and sold to a gentleman in Ottawa, was
• 1:26:20
  Speaker 1: remarkably clever at catching fish. He was sometimes taken in
• 1:26:25
  Speaker 1: a boat to a place in the river where the
• 1:26:27
  Speaker 1: red finsuckers would run in shoals. On approaching them, he
• 1:26:32
  Speaker 1: was always on the alert and certain to capture some
• 1:26:35
  Speaker 1: of the first that tempted to pass the boat, apparently
• 1:26:39
  Speaker 1: enjoying the sport as much as any of the parties present.
• 1:26:43
  Speaker 1: The principal food of this animal is fish, but they
• 1:26:46
  Speaker 1: will eat if occasion requires, all kind of mollusks, crawfish,
• 1:26:51
  Speaker 1: and even carrion. The pine martin, once as plentiful through
• 1:26:57
  Speaker 1: the country as the squirrels, have been of later years,
• 1:27:00
  Speaker 1: have been exterminated and are now completely extinct. The mink
• 1:27:05
  Speaker 1: is still very highly esteemed on account of its fur,
• 1:27:09
  Speaker 1: and are so prolific that they still remain in considerable
• 1:27:13
  Speaker 1: numbers along the creeks and swamps. These animals have from
• 1:27:17
  Speaker 1: five or six to eight or nine young at a
• 1:27:20
  Speaker 1: litter each season, and in some places in the United
• 1:27:24
  Speaker 1: States they are propagated in a partially domesticated state, with
• 1:27:28
  Speaker 1: considerable benefit to those so engaged, and there is not
• 1:27:32
  Speaker 1: the slightest doubt that their propagation might be conducted on
• 1:27:36
  Speaker 1: a more advantageous principle in this country, where their fur
• 1:27:40
  Speaker 1: is of a much superior quality. End of Section three,
• 1:27:52
  Speaker 1: Section four of History of the Early Settlement of Bowmanville
• 1:27:55
  Speaker 1: and Vicinity by John T.
• 1:27:57
  Speaker 2: Coleman.
• 1:27:59
  Speaker 1: This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Section four
• 1:28:03
  Speaker 1: Ornithology and Entomology. Ornithology. The birds of North America have
• 1:28:10
  Speaker 1: all been described and written upon by various authors, and
• 1:28:15
  Speaker 1: there has been no new species added for a number
• 1:28:18
  Speaker 1: of years. It is therefore supposed that the birds of
• 1:28:22
  Speaker 1: North America have all been discovered, and in reference to
• 1:28:26
  Speaker 1: the treatment of this subject, I do not intend to
• 1:28:29
  Speaker 1: give the individual history, but to treat upon the different
• 1:28:32
  Speaker 1: groups and families of birds frequenting our locality, and propose
• 1:28:37
  Speaker 1: to divide them into three divisions, the first comprising the
• 1:28:41
  Speaker 1: resident birds, the second birds that migrate from the north,
• 1:28:46
  Speaker 1: and the third consisting of the true migratory birds that
• 1:28:50
  Speaker 1: visit our country each year upon the approach of spring.
• 1:28:55
  Speaker 1: The resident birds are those that remain with us the
• 1:28:58
  Speaker 1: whole year round. Among them are found the rough grouse
• 1:29:02
  Speaker 1: or partridge, and the spruce partridge. This last named bird
• 1:29:07
  Speaker 1: is not found in the front townships, but is common
• 1:29:10
  Speaker 1: in Manvers and the adjoining country north. It is a
• 1:29:14
  Speaker 1: very unsuspicious creature and allows itself to be taken very
• 1:29:18
  Speaker 1: easily by placing a noose on the end of a
• 1:29:21
  Speaker 1: light pole while sitting on the low branches of the
• 1:29:24
  Speaker 1: spruce tree, which is their favorite place of resort. The quail,
• 1:29:30
  Speaker 1: once quite plenty, were also residents, as well as the
• 1:29:34
  Speaker 1: hairy and downy woodpecker, nut hatch or sapsucker, and the chickadide.
• 1:29:40
  Speaker 1: These last named birds are never found associating together, save
• 1:29:45
  Speaker 1: on the approach of winter, after all the other feathered
• 1:29:48
  Speaker 1: songsters have left and the forest is denuded of its foliage,
• 1:29:53
  Speaker 1: and everything wears a dreary and lonely aspect. Birds that
• 1:29:57
  Speaker 1: are then the sole tenants of the woods, and together
• 1:30:00
  Speaker 1: in mutual good fellowship, and a company of three or
• 1:30:04
  Speaker 1: four woodpeckers, half a dozen nutthatchers with a dozen or
• 1:30:08
  Speaker 1: twenty chickadides, may frequently be seen going through the woods,
• 1:30:13
  Speaker 1: keeping up a continual and incessant chorus twittering, chirping and piping,
• 1:30:18
  Speaker 1: which contrasts very singularly with the surrounding solitude that at
• 1:30:23
  Speaker 1: this season pervades the Canadian forests. The birds that migrate
• 1:30:29
  Speaker 1: here during winter are more numerous than the resonant birds,
• 1:30:33
  Speaker 1: and unlike the true migratory birds, many of them are
• 1:30:37
  Speaker 1: irregular in their visits, as in the case with the crossbills,
• 1:30:41
  Speaker 1: of which there are two species, the red.
• 1:30:44
  Speaker 2: And the white winged.
• 1:30:46
  Speaker 1: They are quite plenty during some winters and then are
• 1:30:49
  Speaker 1: not to be seen again for two or three years.
• 1:30:53
  Speaker 1: The snow bunting is more regular in its migration and
• 1:30:57
  Speaker 1: may be seen in large flocks every winter. On the
• 1:31:00
  Speaker 1: approach of spring, they retire to the far north to breed.
• 1:31:05
  Speaker 1: Their nest and eggs having been found on the coast
• 1:31:07
  Speaker 1: of Lapland. The lesser red pole is another winter visitant
• 1:31:13
  Speaker 1: and may be seen in flocks feeding upon the seeds
• 1:31:16
  Speaker 1: of the different kinds of weeds left in the gardens
• 1:31:19
  Speaker 1: and fields. They are a sprightly, active little bird and
• 1:31:23
  Speaker 1: appear at a distance to be of a gray color,
• 1:31:26
  Speaker 1: but on a nearer approach the male will be observed
• 1:31:29
  Speaker 1: to have the upper portions of the neck and breast,
• 1:31:32
  Speaker 1: as well as rump feathers, marked with a rich, deep carmine.
• 1:31:37
  Speaker 1: This is more noticeable towards spring. Its notes somewhat resemble
• 1:31:42
  Speaker 1: those of the cock yellow bird, and have led many
• 1:31:45
  Speaker 1: persons to erroneously suppose them to be the yellow bird
• 1:31:49
  Speaker 1: in its winter plumage, But the migration of the yellow
• 1:31:52
  Speaker 1: bird south during our winter is so well known as
• 1:31:56
  Speaker 1: to preclude any possibility of its being the same. The
• 1:32:01
  Speaker 1: ptarmigan or white grouse frequently migrates from the coast of
• 1:32:06
  Speaker 1: Labrador and Hudson Bay into the northern range of our townships.
• 1:32:11
  Speaker 1: In the year eighteen sixty two, they came within fifteen
• 1:32:14
  Speaker 1: miles of Ottawa and were killed in considerable numbers while
• 1:32:18
  Speaker 1: feeding upon the willow tops. The snowy owl, one of
• 1:32:23
  Speaker 1: the largest of this family of birds, and an inhabitant
• 1:32:27
  Speaker 1: of the Arctic regions, comes here occasionally during intense cold weather.
• 1:32:33
  Speaker 1: Their food consists principally of small quadrupeds and grouse, but
• 1:32:37
  Speaker 1: they are also excellent fissures and will watch at an
• 1:32:40
  Speaker 1: open place in the ice on lakes and rivers for
• 1:32:43
  Speaker 1: the approach of fish, which they will seize with their
• 1:32:46
  Speaker 1: talons and devour. The ptarmigan has a peculiar habit when
• 1:32:51
  Speaker 1: the weather is intensely cold, of burying themselves in the
• 1:32:55
  Speaker 1: loose snow and remaining there until the cold snap is passed,
• 1:33:00
  Speaker 1: when they will again emerge from their place of shelter.
• 1:33:04
  Speaker 1: The Great Scenarias owl is an occasional winter visitant, but
• 1:33:08
  Speaker 1: very rarely met with in this part of Canada. Having
• 1:33:12
  Speaker 1: been for many years collecting birds and visiting various museums,
• 1:33:17
  Speaker 1: I have only seen two stuffed specimens and one live bird.
• 1:33:21
  Speaker 1: One of the stuffed specimens was sent to the French
• 1:33:24
  Speaker 1: Exposition by the Normal School Natural History Department, Toronto. The
• 1:33:30
  Speaker 1: live bird was captured in Cartwright. The gerfalcon is one
• 1:33:35
  Speaker 1: of the most rare and beautiful of the hawk family.
• 1:33:39
  Speaker 1: Only one or two specimens have ever been killed in Darlington.
• 1:33:43
  Speaker 1: They occasionally come here late in the fall or early
• 1:33:46
  Speaker 1: in winter. The Canada j Parisaurius canadensis is another winter visitor.
• 1:33:55
  Speaker 1: This rather singular bird has some traits of character, peculiarly
• 1:33:59
  Speaker 1: its own. Being readily domesticated and full of antics, he
• 1:34:04
  Speaker 1: is known to the shanty men and trappers by the
• 1:34:07
  Speaker 1: name of whiskey jack, venison bird, and carrion bird. As
• 1:34:12
  Speaker 1: soon as he discovers the smoke of a shanty, he
• 1:34:15
  Speaker 1: is sure to make his appearance, and if any meat,
• 1:34:19
  Speaker 1: bones or slops are thrown out, he commences to help
• 1:34:23
  Speaker 1: himself to whatever comes in his way, and will readily
• 1:34:27
  Speaker 1: take a piece of meat off the end of a
• 1:34:29
  Speaker 1: stick a few feet in length that is held out
• 1:34:32
  Speaker 1: to him. And if a person is carrying a piece
• 1:34:35
  Speaker 1: of meat on his back, he will not hesitate to
• 1:34:38
  Speaker 1: alight on it and eat his fill. One of those
• 1:34:42
  Speaker 1: birds was brought to me while in Ottawa. It had
• 1:34:45
  Speaker 1: received a slight injury on the tip of the wing
• 1:34:48
  Speaker 1: from a gunshot wound received about an hour before. I
• 1:34:52
  Speaker 1: placed it in a cage, which it examined very minutely.
• 1:34:56
  Speaker 1: After a short time, I offered it some meat on
• 1:35:00
  Speaker 1: the end of a stick, of which he was a
• 1:35:02
  Speaker 1: little shy, but after a time he took it, and
• 1:35:06
  Speaker 1: in an hour from the time he was placed in
• 1:35:08
  Speaker 1: the cage, it would eat from my hand. When led out,
• 1:35:12
  Speaker 1: it would go to the window and catch flies, which
• 1:35:15
  Speaker 1: it would keep in its mouth until a sufficient quantity
• 1:35:18
  Speaker 1: was collected. Then it would go and deposit them with
• 1:35:22
  Speaker 1: a number of other things in the corner of the cage.
• 1:35:26
  Speaker 1: When left to itself, it would bring them all out,
• 1:35:29
  Speaker 1: look them over, and try to hide them in a
• 1:35:32
  Speaker 1: more secure place. While having this bird in my possession,
• 1:35:37
  Speaker 1: I was presented with a young robin, about half grown,
• 1:35:40
  Speaker 1: which I put into the cage and turned the venison
• 1:35:43
  Speaker 1: bird out. But it appeared to show such great solicitation
• 1:35:47
  Speaker 1: on account of the robin being continually watching it, that
• 1:35:51
  Speaker 1: I put them both together in the cage. When the
• 1:35:54
  Speaker 1: venison bird commenced, to feed the robin, and continued to
• 1:35:58
  Speaker 1: do so for many weeks until the robin could take
• 1:36:01
  Speaker 1: ample care of itself. This bird had frequent opportunities to escape,
• 1:36:07
  Speaker 1: being often on top of the house, but would always
• 1:36:11
  Speaker 1: return when called. The true migrating birds are by far
• 1:36:16
  Speaker 1: the most numerous, and it is by them that our lakes, ponds, rivers, forests,
• 1:36:21
  Speaker 1: fields and groves are each year reanimated on the return
• 1:36:25
  Speaker 1: of spring. Some of those attract us by their graceful
• 1:36:29
  Speaker 1: movements or the beautiful markings of their plumage, while others
• 1:36:34
  Speaker 1: charm us with the sweetness of their melody. It is
• 1:36:37
  Speaker 1: also interesting to watch them while engaged in the construction
• 1:36:41
  Speaker 1: of their nest or the feeding of their young. Go
• 1:36:44
  Speaker 1: where you will. Those welcome visitors are constantly engaging our attention.
• 1:36:50
  Speaker 1: To give an individual history or even a sketch of
• 1:36:53
  Speaker 1: each species would require a much greater space and more
• 1:36:58
  Speaker 1: time than I can here devote to it. I shall
• 1:37:01
  Speaker 1: therefore merely numerate the birds that are to be found
• 1:37:04
  Speaker 1: in our own locality, with a few remarks upon some
• 1:37:07
  Speaker 1: that I think are the least known or understood. Commencing
• 1:37:12
  Speaker 1: with the hawks, we have about twelve different species of
• 1:37:16
  Speaker 1: the eagles, two species the bald headed eagle and the
• 1:37:19
  Speaker 1: golden eagle, one fish hawk, eleven species of owls, and
• 1:37:24
  Speaker 1: nine varieties of woodpeckers. In the early settlement of Canada,
• 1:37:29
  Speaker 1: a very large woodpecker, which at that time was quite numerous,
• 1:37:34
  Speaker 1: has not been seen in this township. For the last
• 1:37:37
  Speaker 1: thirty or forty years.
• 1:37:39
  Speaker 2: This bird was.
• 1:37:39
  Speaker 1: Known to the old settlers by the name.
• 1:37:41
  Speaker 2: Of woodcock or logcock.
• 1:37:44
  Speaker 1: I first got an account of it from mister e
• 1:37:47
  Speaker 1: Silver of this town several years ago, while being engaged
• 1:37:51
  Speaker 1: in making a collection of birds. He described it to
• 1:37:55
  Speaker 1: me as a climber, and also said it was in
• 1:37:59
  Speaker 1: the habit of making a loud noise before rain. I.
• 1:38:02
  Speaker 1: Having associated the name of this bird with the true woodcock,
• 1:38:07
  Speaker 1: and not finding the slightest resemblance in their habits as
• 1:38:10
  Speaker 1: described by him, I gave the subject no further thought,
• 1:38:14
  Speaker 1: considering the identity of such a bird a myth. When
• 1:38:18
  Speaker 1: some time afterwards I mentioned the subject to mister Enoch Stevens,
• 1:38:23
  Speaker 1: who had removed from Darlington to the Rondeau, he informed
• 1:38:28
  Speaker 1: me that he not only remembered them well in his
• 1:38:31
  Speaker 1: younger days in Darlington, but had occasionally seen them near
• 1:38:35
  Speaker 1: his place in the large woods at the Rondeau, and
• 1:38:39
  Speaker 1: promised when he returned to send me a couple of specimens,
• 1:38:43
  Speaker 1: which in time I duly received and found to be
• 1:38:47
  Speaker 1: Hylotomus pileatus or pelliated woodpecker. These woodpeckers were once quite
• 1:38:55
  Speaker 1: plentiful through the woods on the front townships, but have
• 1:38:59
  Speaker 1: long since retired to the inner recesses of the more
• 1:39:02
  Speaker 1: primeval forests. It is third in size to any that
• 1:39:06
  Speaker 1: is yet known. The largest of the species is the
• 1:39:09
  Speaker 1: mangrove woodpecker of California, the second the ivory billed woodpecker
• 1:39:15
  Speaker 1: found on the Mississippi River. The third the pileated woodpecker,
• 1:39:19
  Speaker 1: found in the most northern portions of Canada. When seen flying,
• 1:39:24
  Speaker 1: it is fully as large as a crow. It has
• 1:39:27
  Speaker 1: a white streak running down each side of the neck
• 1:39:30
  Speaker 1: and a red patch on the top of the head.
• 1:39:34
  Speaker 1: The grallatorial birds comprise the waders, and we find them
• 1:39:38
  Speaker 1: well represented in our locality. They inhabit the margin of
• 1:39:42
  Speaker 1: rivers and lakes, while some are found in the tall
• 1:39:45
  Speaker 1: grass and rushes that grow so abundantly in our marshes.
• 1:39:50
  Speaker 1: The blue heron is the largest of the waiders that
• 1:39:53
  Speaker 1: visit us. It is found frequently in the marshes and
• 1:39:57
  Speaker 1: nests in considerable numbers on Burr's Eye Land Scugog Lake.
• 1:40:02
  Speaker 1: Of the bittern we have two species, the American bittern
• 1:40:06
  Speaker 1: and the least bittern. The former is known also as
• 1:40:10
  Speaker 1: the Indian hen. Dunkadoo and steak pounder. It may be
• 1:40:15
  Speaker 1: heard during the summer months just before sunset, making a
• 1:40:19
  Speaker 1: loud and booming noise, which it repeats at regular intervals.
• 1:40:24
  Speaker 1: Its flesh is considered delicate and good. The plovers, sandpipers, curlews, coots,
• 1:40:31
  Speaker 1: and water rails also belong to this order. Of the
• 1:40:35
  Speaker 1: last group, we have three species, the Virginia rail, clapper rail,
• 1:40:40
  Speaker 1: and Sora rail, all of which in the Southern States
• 1:40:44
  Speaker 1: are highly esteemed on account of their delicate flavor. Here
• 1:40:48
  Speaker 1: they are not generally known, and as they possess the
• 1:40:51
  Speaker 1: habit of skulking through the grass and rushes and can
• 1:40:55
  Speaker 1: hardly be induced to take wing even when not more
• 1:40:58
  Speaker 1: than a few feet distant, they are not likely to
• 1:41:01
  Speaker 1: come under the frequent notice of a casual observer. The
• 1:41:06
  Speaker 1: rails migrate during the night. They lay from four to
• 1:41:09
  Speaker 1: five eggs of a white ground color speckled with light brown.
• 1:41:15
  Speaker 1: The nest is secreted in the thickest part of the
• 1:41:17
  Speaker 1: rushes and bog that cover our marshes. The coot and
• 1:41:23
  Speaker 1: gallinole are sometimes found in company with the rails. They
• 1:41:27
  Speaker 1: are known to hunters by the name of mud hens.
• 1:41:30
  Speaker 1: They breed in our marshes and are polygamous in their habits,
• 1:41:35
  Speaker 1: often three or four birds laying their eggs in the
• 1:41:37
  Speaker 1: same nest. These are generally in the most conspicuous places,
• 1:41:42
  Speaker 1: but are so disguised that an inexperienced person would suppose,
• 1:41:47
  Speaker 1: upon seeing one, that it never was intended for a nest,
• 1:41:51
  Speaker 1: but was merely a pile of dead rushes or rubbish
• 1:41:54
  Speaker 1: thrown promiscuously together by the action of the water. Upon
• 1:41:59
  Speaker 1: removing several layers of this material, the eggs are found
• 1:42:02
  Speaker 1: from six to seven inches below the surface. Of the
• 1:42:07
  Speaker 1: wild goose. We have only one.
• 1:42:10
  Speaker 2: Species that visits us.
• 1:42:12
  Speaker 1: This is known as the Canada goose, and passes regularly
• 1:42:16
  Speaker 1: every spring on its way to the north, and in
• 1:42:18
  Speaker 1: the autumn it is again seen returning to the south
• 1:42:22
  Speaker 1: to spend the winter. This bird was found to be
• 1:42:26
  Speaker 1: numerous in the early times in this part of Canada,
• 1:42:29
  Speaker 1: and it was then usual to see large numbers of
• 1:42:32
  Speaker 1: them feeding in the marshes and rivers. This, however, of
• 1:42:37
  Speaker 1: late years, has become a circumstance of very rare occurrence.
• 1:42:41
  Speaker 1: Occasionally flocks are seen and are immediately recognized by their
• 1:42:46
  Speaker 1: peculiar form of flight. As well as by the continual
• 1:42:49
  Speaker 1: hanking or clanking noise that they incessantly keep up. But
• 1:42:54
  Speaker 1: they are no longer seen in large numbers feeding about
• 1:42:57
  Speaker 1: our island, lakes and marshes. Nor is this the only
• 1:43:01
  Speaker 1: change that has taken place in reference to large aquatic birds.
• 1:43:05
  Speaker 1: The pelican and swan were once numerous and made their
• 1:43:09
  Speaker 1: regular visits each spring in autumn, enlivening the bays and
• 1:43:14
  Speaker 1: waters of this portion of Lake Ontario, but have long
• 1:43:17
  Speaker 1: since ceased to make their appearance. The duck family embrace
• 1:43:23
  Speaker 1: a large and varied class of very beautiful plumaged birds.
• 1:43:28
  Speaker 1: Some of these have, in addition to their elegant markings
• 1:43:31
  Speaker 1: and delicate tints, a showy crest that can be raised
• 1:43:35
  Speaker 1: or depressed at will. We have in all twenty two
• 1:43:39
  Speaker 1: different species of this family that visit this locality. The
• 1:43:44
  Speaker 1: whole of this class of birds are highly esteemed as
• 1:43:47
  Speaker 1: an article of food and are much sought after by gunners.
• 1:43:52
  Speaker 1: They however, differ very much in point of excellence, some
• 1:43:56
  Speaker 1: being so exceedingly delicious, juicy, and fine flavored as to
• 1:44:01
  Speaker 1: command a very high price in markets where they are
• 1:44:04
  Speaker 1: known and appreciated. As is the case with the canvas
• 1:44:08
  Speaker 1: back duck, which has allowed the precedence in point of
• 1:44:11
  Speaker 1: flavor by all epicures, and readily sells for five or
• 1:44:15
  Speaker 1: six dollars per pair in Baltimore or New York. While
• 1:44:20
  Speaker 1: others are lean, dry and tough, and of doubtful taste. Others, again,
• 1:44:25
  Speaker 1: are of a decided fishy flavor and can scarcely be eaten.
• 1:44:30
  Speaker 1: As a general rule, the wide build birds should be chosen,
• 1:44:34
  Speaker 1: and the narrow build especially the serrated or saw billed ones,
• 1:44:39
  Speaker 1: should be rejected, as the latter live principally upon fish.
• 1:44:44
  Speaker 1: Among the wild duck we find many gay and handsomely
• 1:44:48
  Speaker 1: plumaged birds, but without doubt the wood duck ike's sponsa
• 1:44:54
  Speaker 1: is by far the most beautiful of all this group
• 1:44:57
  Speaker 1: of birds. The changing luster of its plumage is not
• 1:45:02
  Speaker 1: surpassed by any duck in the world. Unlike most other ducks,
• 1:45:07
  Speaker 1: the wood duck builds its nest in a tree, from
• 1:45:10
  Speaker 1: which it carries its young as soon as they are hatched,
• 1:45:13
  Speaker 1: and places them in the water, which is usually close
• 1:45:16
  Speaker 1: at hand. The whole of the birds of North America
• 1:45:20
  Speaker 1: comprise seven hundred and thirty eight different species. Entomology, the
• 1:45:28
  Speaker 1: insects of this portion of Canada comprise a great many
• 1:45:31
  Speaker 1: that are injurious to vegetation. Some attack and destroy the
• 1:45:36
  Speaker 1: trees of the forest, while others are ravaging upon the
• 1:45:39
  Speaker 1: succulent plants and bulbous roots of the vegetable garden. Again,
• 1:45:44
  Speaker 1: some are feeding upon the cereals and fruits, and others
• 1:45:48
  Speaker 1: are destroying flowers and ornamental shrubs. Some of these pests
• 1:45:53
  Speaker 1: are natives, but many of them have been imported along
• 1:45:57
  Speaker 1: with foreign plants, or have migrated into the country, as
• 1:46:01
  Speaker 1: is the case with the Colorado beetle, which has proved
• 1:46:04
  Speaker 1: so destructive to the potato crop during the past few years.
• 1:46:09
  Speaker 1: To many who have never made a study of insect life,
• 1:46:13
  Speaker 1: it might at first appear very wonderful for those creatures
• 1:46:16
  Speaker 1: to appear in such great numbers, But on the contrary,
• 1:46:21
  Speaker 1: to those who have made it a special study, it
• 1:46:24
  Speaker 1: is but the fulfillment of a natural law. This insect
• 1:46:28
  Speaker 1: was known by entomologists to exist many years ago in
• 1:46:32
  Speaker 1: Colorado and on the Upper Missouri River when it fed
• 1:46:36
  Speaker 1: upon a species of wild potato Solanum rostratum, and in
• 1:46:41
  Speaker 1: all probability would still be confined to that region had
• 1:46:45
  Speaker 1: not civilization encroached upon its territory, introducing the cultivated potato
• 1:46:51
  Speaker 1: solanum to buosum, which this animal found to be an equal,
• 1:46:56
  Speaker 1: if not superior, article of food to the wild species.
• 1:47:00
  Speaker 1: Thus following back in the wake of civilization, and finding
• 1:47:04
  Speaker 1: an abundance of food on its onward march, it has
• 1:47:08
  Speaker 1: multiplied and spread until it has completely inundated the country.
• 1:47:15
  Speaker 1: End of section four Section five of History of the
• 1:47:24
  Speaker 1: Early Settlement of Bowmanville and Vicinity by John T.
• 1:47:28
  Speaker 2: Coleman.
• 1:47:29
  Speaker 1: This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Poem and
• 1:47:33
  Speaker 1: end note The New Country by an old settler over
• 1:47:39
  Speaker 1: seventy years of age in Darlington was my abode full
• 1:47:44
  Speaker 1: seventy years ago. And when good meat we wished to eat,
• 1:47:48
  Speaker 1: we killed the bac ordeaux for fish.
• 1:47:51
  Speaker 2: We used the.
• 1:47:52
  Speaker 1: Hook and line and pounded corn to make it fine
• 1:47:56
  Speaker 1: on johnny cake we used to dine in the New Country.
• 1:48:01
  Speaker 1: Our occupation was to make the lofty forest bow with
• 1:48:05
  Speaker 1: axes good. We chopped the wood for well. We all
• 1:48:09
  Speaker 1: knew how. We cleared the land for rye and wheat
• 1:48:13
  Speaker 1: for strangers and ourselves to eat. From maple trees, we
• 1:48:17
  Speaker 1: gathered sweet in the new country. Our roads were winding
• 1:48:22
  Speaker 1: through the woods were oft the savage trod. They were
• 1:48:26
  Speaker 1: not wide nor scarce a guide, But all the ones
• 1:48:30
  Speaker 1: we had. Our houses, too, were logs of wood, rolled
• 1:48:34
  Speaker 1: up in squares and corked with mud. If the bark
• 1:48:38
  Speaker 1: was tight, the roof was good. For a new country.
• 1:48:43
  Speaker 1: The Indians oft times made us fear that there was
• 1:48:46
  Speaker 1: danger nigh. The shaggy bear was oft times ware, the
• 1:48:50
  Speaker 1: pig was in his stye. The savage wolves our children
• 1:48:55
  Speaker 1: dread ofttimes. Our fearful mothers said, some beast of prey
• 1:49:00
  Speaker 1: will take my babe. In the new country, we lived
• 1:49:04
  Speaker 1: in social harmony and drank the pearling stream. No lawyer,
• 1:49:09
  Speaker 1: priest nor doctor there was scarcely to be seen. Our
• 1:49:13
  Speaker 1: health it needed not repair. No pious man forgot his prayer,
• 1:49:18
  Speaker 1: and who could feel a lawyer there in a new country.
• 1:49:22
  Speaker 1: Of deer skins, we made moccasins to wear upon our feet.
• 1:49:27
  Speaker 1: The checkered shirt was thought no hurt.
• 1:49:30
  Speaker 2: Good company to keep.
• 1:49:32
  Speaker 1: And when a visit was to pay on a winter's
• 1:49:35
  Speaker 1: night or winter's day, the oxen drew the lady's sleigh.
• 1:49:39
  Speaker 1: In the new country, and in bringing this pamphlet before
• 1:49:45
  Speaker 1: the public. I regret to say that it is not
• 1:49:48
  Speaker 1: so complete or perfect as I would desire it.
• 1:49:52
  Speaker 2: A great deal of.
• 1:49:53
  Speaker 1: The information being received and noted in a fragmentary manner.
• 1:49:58
  Speaker 1: Many of the old residents from whom I received information
• 1:50:02
  Speaker 1: were kind and obliging, but as most of the events
• 1:50:06
  Speaker 1: transpired in their younger days, when writing material was scarcely
• 1:50:10
  Speaker 1: ever used, they had to trust entirely to memory and
• 1:50:14
  Speaker 1: required time to consider and compare dates with their neighbors.
• 1:50:19
  Speaker 1: I find that since putting this in press, a great
• 1:50:23
  Speaker 1: many persons have wished to contribute valuable information, which I
• 1:50:27
  Speaker 1: am sorry to say is offered too late. I wish
• 1:50:32
  Speaker 1: to return my thanks to mister Timothy Soper, Richard and J. P. Lovekin,
• 1:50:37
  Speaker 1: Captain Troll, Hiram Borland, Alan Wilmot, and others for their
• 1:50:42
  Speaker 1: kindness in furnishing documents and other assistants.
• 1:50:46
  Speaker 2: John T.
• 1:50:47
  Speaker 1: Coleman, end of section five, end of History of the
• 1:50:53
  Speaker 1: Early Settlement of Bowmanville and Vicinity by John T. Coleman,
• 1:50:57
  Speaker 1: Recorded by Tricia G. Bowville, Ontario, March twenty twenty three,