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043 - Book 15 Part 1 · Metamorphoses

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  Speaker 1: Book fifteen, Part one of Avid's metamorphises. This is a
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  Speaker 1: LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
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  Speaker 1: For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
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  Speaker 1: Metamorphoses by Publius Ovidious Nasso, translated by Brooksmore, Book fifteen,
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  Speaker 1: Part one. While this was happening, they began to seek
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  Speaker 1: for one who could endure the weight of such a task,
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  Speaker 1: and could succeed a king so great and fame. The
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  Speaker 1: harbinger of truth destined illustrious Numa for the sovereign power.
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  Speaker 1: It did not satisfy his heart to know only the
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  Speaker 1: saving ceremonials, and he conceived in his expansive mind much
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  Speaker 1: greater views, examining the depth and cause of things his
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  Speaker 1: country and his cares forgotten. This desire led him to
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  Speaker 1: visit the city that once welcomed Hercules. Numa desired to
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  Speaker 1: know what founder built a Grecian city on Italian shores.
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  Speaker 1: One of the old inhabitants, who was well acquainted with
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  Speaker 1: past history, replied rich in Iberian herds, the son of
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  Speaker 1: Jove turned from the ocean, and with favoring wind, Tis
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  Speaker 1: said he landed on Licinian shores, and while the herds
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  Speaker 1: strayed in the tender grasses, he visited the house, the
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  Speaker 1: friendly home of far framed Croton. There he wrested from
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  Speaker 1: his arduous labors. At the time of his departure, he said,
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  Speaker 1: here in future days shall be a city of your
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  Speaker 1: numerous race. The passing years have proved the promise true.
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  Speaker 1: For mycellus, choosing that sight marked out a city's walls,
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  Speaker 1: Argive Alamon's son. Of all the men in his generation,
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  Speaker 1: he was most succeptable to the heavenly gods. Bending over him.
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  Speaker 1: Once at dawn, while he was overwhelmed with drowsiness of sleep,
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  Speaker 1: the huge club bearer Hercules addressed him, thus, come now,
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  Speaker 1: desert your native shores. Go quickly to the pebbly flowing
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  Speaker 1: stream of distant Aesar. And he threatened ill in fearful
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  Speaker 1: words unless he should obey sleep, and the god departed instantly.
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  Speaker 1: Alamond's son, arising from his couch, pondered his recent vision thoughtfully.
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  Speaker 1: With his conclusions at cross purposes, the god commanded him
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  Speaker 1: to quit the land. The laws forbade its departure, threatening
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  Speaker 1: death to all who sought to leave their native land.
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  Speaker 1: The brilliant sun had hidden in the sea his shining head,
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  Speaker 1: and darkest night had then put forth her starry face.
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  Speaker 1: And at that time it seemed as if the same god, Hercules,
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  Speaker 1: was present and repeating his commands, threatening still more and
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  Speaker 1: graver penalties if he should fail to obey. Now sore afraid,
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  Speaker 1: he set about to move his household gods to a
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  Speaker 1: new settlement. But rumors then followed him through the city,
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  Speaker 1: and he was accused of holding statutes in contempt. The
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  Speaker 1: accusation hardly had been made when his offense was evidently proved,
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  Speaker 1: even without a witness. Then he raised his face and
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  Speaker 1: hands up to the gods above, and suppliant in neglected garb,
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  Speaker 1: he exclaimed, O Mighty Hercules, for whom alone the twice
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  Speaker 1: six labors gave the privilege of heavenly residence, Give me
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  Speaker 1: your aid, for you were the true cause of my offense.
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  Speaker 1: It was an ancient custom of that land to vote
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  Speaker 1: with chosen petables, white and black. The white absolved, the
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  Speaker 1: black condemned the man, And so that day the fateful
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  Speaker 1: votes were given. All cast into the cruel urn were black.
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  Speaker 1: Soon as that urn inverted poured forth all the pebbles
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  Speaker 1: to be counted, every one was changed completely from its
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  Speaker 1: black to white, and so the vote adjudged him innocent.
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  Speaker 1: By that most fortunate aid of Hercules, he was exempted
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  Speaker 1: from the country's law. Mycellous breathing, thanks to Hercules, with
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  Speaker 1: favoring winds, sailed on the Ionian Sea, passed Salentine, Nearetum, Cyberus,
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  Speaker 1: Spartan Tarentum, and the Syrene Bay Cremysa. And on beyond
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  Speaker 1: the Aepygean fields, then skirting shores which faced these lands,
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  Speaker 1: he found the place foretold the rivers Esar's Mouth, and
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  Speaker 1: found not far away a burial mound which covered with
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  Speaker 1: its soil the hallowed bones of Crotone. There Upon the
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  Speaker 1: appointed land he built up walls, and he conferred the
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  Speaker 1: name of Croton, who was there entombed on his new city,
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  Speaker 1: which has ever since been called Crotona. By tradition, it
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  Speaker 1: is known such strange deeds caused that city to be
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  Speaker 1: built by men of Greece. Upon the Italian coast. Here
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  Speaker 1: lived a man by birth the Samian. He had fled
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  Speaker 1: from Samos and the ruling class of voluntary exile for
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  Speaker 1: his hate against all tyranny. He had the gift of
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  Speaker 1: holding mental converse with the gods who live far distant
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  Speaker 1: in the height of heaven, and all that nature has
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  Speaker 1: denied to man and human vision. He reviewed with eyes
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  Speaker 1: of his enlightened soul. And when he had examined all
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  Speaker 1: things in his careful mind, with watchful study, he released
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  Speaker 1: his thoughts to knowledge of the public. He would speak
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  Speaker 1: too crowds of people, silent and amazed, while he revealed
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  Speaker 1: to them the origin of this vast universe, The cause
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  Speaker 1: of things? What is nature? What a god? Whence came
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  Speaker 1: the snow? The cause of lightning? Was it Jupiter? Or
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  Speaker 1: did the winds that thundered when the cloud was rent
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  Speaker 1: asunder cause the lightning flash? What shook the earth? What
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  Speaker 1: laws controlled the stars as they were moved and heavy? Hidden? Thing?
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  Speaker 1: He was the first man to forbid the use of
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  Speaker 1: any animal's flesh as human food. He was the first
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  Speaker 1: to speak with learned lips, though not believed in this,
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  Speaker 1: exhorting them no mortals, he would say, do not permit
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  Speaker 1: pollution of your bodies with such food. For there are
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  Speaker 1: grain and good fruits which bear down the branches by
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  Speaker 1: their weight, and ripened grapes upon the vines and herbs,
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  Speaker 1: those sweet by nature, and those which will grow tender
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  Speaker 1: and mellow with a fire and flowing milk is not denied,
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  Speaker 1: nor honey redolent of blossoming time. The lavish earth yields
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  Speaker 1: rich and healthful food, affording dainties without slaughter, death and bloodshed.
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  Speaker 1: Dull beasts delight to satisfy their hunger with torn flesh.
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  Speaker 1: And yet not all horses and sheep and cattle live
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  Speaker 1: on grass, but all the savage animals, the fierce Armenian tigers,
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  Speaker 1: and ferocious lions and bears, together with the roving wolves,
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  Speaker 1: delight in viand's reeking with warm blood. Oh, ponder a
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  Speaker 1: moment such a monstrous crime vitals in vitals gorged one
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  Speaker 1: greedy body, fattening with plunder of another's flesh, a living
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  Speaker 1: being fed on another's life. In that abundance which are
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  Speaker 1: earth the best of mothers will afford. Have you no
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  Speaker 1: joy unless your savage teeth can gnaw the piteous flush
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  Speaker 1: of some flate animal to re enact the Cyclopean crime.
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  Speaker 1: And can ye not appease the hungry void that perverted
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  Speaker 1: craving of a stomach's greed unless you first destroy another
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  Speaker 1: life That age of old time which has given the
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  Speaker 1: name golden, was so blest in fruit of trees and
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  Speaker 1: in the good herbs which the earth produced, that it
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  Speaker 1: never would pollute the mouth with blood. The birds then
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  Speaker 1: safely moved their wings in air. The timid hares would
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  Speaker 1: wander in the fields with no fear, and their own
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  Speaker 1: credulity had not suspended fishes from the hook. All life
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  Speaker 1: was safe from treacherous wiles, fearing no injury. A peaceful
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  Speaker 1: world after that time, some of ill advice, it does
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  Speaker 1: not matter who it might have been, envied the ways
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  Speaker 1: of lions, and gulped into his greedy paunch, stuffed from
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  Speaker 1: a carcass vial, he opened the foul paths of wickedness.
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  Speaker 1: It may be that in killing beasts of prey, our
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  Speaker 1: steel was for the first time warmed with blood, and
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  Speaker 1: that could be defended, for I hold that predatory creatures
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  Speaker 1: which attempt destruction of mankind are put to death without
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  Speaker 1: evasion of the sacred laws. But though with justice they
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  Speaker 1: are put to death, they cannot be a cause for
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  Speaker 1: eating them. This wickedness went further, and the sow was
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  Speaker 1: thought to have deserved death as the first of victims,
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  Speaker 1: for with her long turned up snout, she spoiled the
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  Speaker 1: good hope of a harvest year. The ravenous goat that
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  Speaker 1: not a sprouting vine, was led for slaughter to the
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  Speaker 1: altar fires of angry Bacchus. It was their own fault
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  Speaker 1: that surely caused the ruin of those two. But why
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  Speaker 1: have a sheep deserved sad destiny? Harmless and useful for
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  Speaker 1: the good of man? With nectar and full utters, their
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  Speaker 1: soft wool affords the warmest coverings for our use. Their life,
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  Speaker 1: and not their death, would help us more? Why have
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  Speaker 1: the oxen of the field deserved a sad end Innocent
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  Speaker 1: without deceit, and harmless without guile, Born to endure hard
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  Speaker 1: labor without gratitude? Is he unworthy of the gift of
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  Speaker 1: harvest fields? Who, after he relieved his worker from weight
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  Speaker 1: of the curving plow, could butcher him, could sever with
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  Speaker 1: an axe that toil worn neck, by which, so often,
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  Speaker 1: with hard work, the ground had been turned up, so
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  Speaker 1: many harvests reared. For some, even crimes like these are
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  Speaker 1: not enough. They have imputed to the gods themselves abomination.
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  Speaker 1: They believe a god in heath above rejoices at the
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  Speaker 1: death of a laborious ox a victim free of Flemish
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  Speaker 1: and most beautiful in form perfection brings destruction, is adorned
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  Speaker 1: with garlands and with gilded horns before the altar. In
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  Speaker 1: his ignorance, he hears one praying, and he sees the
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  Speaker 1: very grain he labored to produce fixed on his head.
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  Speaker 1: Between the horns and fell. He stains the blood with
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  Speaker 1: blood the knife which just before he may have seen
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  Speaker 1: reflected in clear water. Instantly they snatch out entrails from
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  Speaker 1: his throbbing form and seek in them intentions of the gods. Then,
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  Speaker 1: in your lust for forbidden food, you will presume to
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  Speaker 1: batten on his flesh. O race of mortals, do not
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  Speaker 1: eat such food. Give your attention to my serious words.
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  Speaker 1: And when you next present the slaughtered flesh of Oxen
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  Speaker 1: to your palates, know and feel that you gnaw your
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  Speaker 1: fellow tillers of the soil. And since the God impels
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  Speaker 1: me to speak out, I will obey the God who
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  Speaker 1: urges me, and will disclose to you the heavens above,
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  Speaker 1: and I will even reveal the oar of the divine will.
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  Speaker 1: I will sing to you of things most wonderful, which
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  Speaker 1: never were investigated by the intellects of ancient times and
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  Speaker 1: things which have been long concealed from man in fancy.
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  Speaker 1: I delight to float among the stars, or take my
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  Speaker 1: stand on Mighty Atlas's shoulders, and to look afar down
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  Speaker 1: on men wandering here and there, afraid in life, yet
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  Speaker 1: dreading unknown death, and in these words exhort them and
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  Speaker 1: reveal the sequence of events ordained by fate. Oh, sad humanity,
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  Speaker 1: Why do you fear alarms of icy death? Afraid of sticks,
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  Speaker 1: fearful of moving shadows? And empty names of subjects? Harped
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  Speaker 1: on by the poet's tales the fabled perils of a
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  Speaker 1: fancied life. Whether the funeral pile consumes your flesh with
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  Speaker 1: hot flames, or old age dissolves it with a gradual
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  Speaker 1: wasting power, be well assured. The body cannot meet with
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  Speaker 1: further ill, and souls are all exempt from power of death.
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  Speaker 1: When they have left their first corporeal home, they always
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  Speaker 1: find and live in newer homes. I can declare, for
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  Speaker 1: I remember well that in the days of the Great
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  Speaker 1: Trojan War, I was Euphorbus, son of Panthous. In my
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  Speaker 1: opposing breast was planted. Then the heavy spear point of
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  Speaker 1: the younger son of Atreus. Not long past, I recognized
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  Speaker 1: the shield once burden of my left arm, where it
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  Speaker 1: hung in Juno's temple at ancient Argos, the realm of Abbas.
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  Speaker 1: Everything must change, but nothing perishes. The moving soul may wander,
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  Speaker 1: coming from that spot to this, from this to that,
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  Speaker 1: in changed possession, live in any limbs whatever it may pass,
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  Speaker 1: from beast to human body, and again to those of beasts.
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  Speaker 1: The soul will never die in the long lapse of time.
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  Speaker 1: As pliant wax is molded to new forms and does
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  Speaker 1: not stay as it has been, nor keep the self
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  Speaker 1: same form. Yet is the self same wax. Be well
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  Speaker 1: assured the soul is always the same spirit, though it
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  Speaker 1: passes into different forms. Therefore, that natural love may not
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  Speaker 1: be vanquished by unnatural craving of the appetite. I warn
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  Speaker 1: you stop expelling kindred souls by deeds abhorrent as cold murder.
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  Speaker 1: Let not blood be nourished with its kindred blood. Since
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  Speaker 1: I am launched into the open sea, and I have
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  Speaker 1: given my full sails to the wind, nothing in all
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  Speaker 1: the world remains unchanged. All things are in a state
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  Speaker 1: of flux. All shapes receive a changing nature. Time itself
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  Speaker 1: glides on with constant motion. Ever, as a flowing river,
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  Speaker 1: neither river nor the fleeting hour can stop its constant course.
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  Speaker 1: But as each wave drives on wave, as each is
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  Speaker 1: pressed by that which follows, and must press on that
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  Speaker 1: before it, so the moments fly and others follow, so
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  Speaker 1: they are renewed. The moment which moved on before is passed,
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  Speaker 1: and that which was not now exists in time, and
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  Speaker 1: everyone comes, goes and is replaced. You see how night
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  Speaker 1: glides by and then proceeds on to the dawn. Then
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  Speaker 1: brilliant light of day succeeds the dark night. There is
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  Speaker 1: not the same appearance in that heavens when all things
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  Speaker 1: for weariness are resting in vast night, as when bright
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  Speaker 1: Lucifer rides his white steed. And only think of that
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  Speaker 1: most glorious change when Love Dora Pallis's daughter comes before
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  Speaker 1: the day and tints the world almost delivered to bright Foybus.
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  Speaker 1: Even the disk of that God rising from beneath the earth,
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  Speaker 1: is of a ruddy color in the dawn, and ruddy
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  Speaker 1: when concealed beneath the world, when highest, it is a
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  Speaker 1: most brilliant white. For there the ether is quite purified
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  Speaker 1: and far away avoids infection from impurities of the earth.
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  Speaker 1: Diana's form at night remains not equal, nor the same
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  Speaker 1: tis less to day than it will be tomorrow. If
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  Speaker 1: she is waxing, greater if she wanes. Yes, do you
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  Speaker 1: not see how the year moves through four seasons, imitating
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  Speaker 1: human life. In early spring it has a nursling's ways
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  Speaker 1: resembling infancy, For at that time the blade is shooting
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  Speaker 1: and devoid of strength. Its flaccid substance swelling gives delight
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  Speaker 1: to every watching husbandman alive in expectation. Then all things
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  Speaker 1: are rich in blossom, and the genial meadow smiles with
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  Speaker 1: tints of blooming flowers. But not as yet is there
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  Speaker 1: a sign of vigor in the leaves. The year now
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  Speaker 1: waxing stronger. After spring, it passes into summer, and its
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  Speaker 1: youth becomes robust. Indeed, of all the year, the summer
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  Speaker 1: is most vigorous and most abounds with glowing and life
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  Speaker 1: giving warmth. Autumn then follows, and the vim of life removed.
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  Speaker 1: That ripe and mellow time succeeds between youth and old age,
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  Speaker 1: and a few white hairs are sprinkled here and there
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  Speaker 1: upon its brow. Then aged winter, with his tremulous step,
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  Speaker 1: follows repulsive stripped of graceful locks, or white with those
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  Speaker 1: he has retained so long. Our bodies also always change unceasingly.
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  Speaker 1: We are not what we were yesterday, or we shall
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  Speaker 1: be tomorrow. And there was a time when we were
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  Speaker 1: only seeds of men, mere hopes, that lived within a
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  Speaker 1: mother's womb. But nature changed us with her skillful touch,
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  Speaker 1: determined that that our bodies should not be held in
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  Speaker 1: such narrow room below the entrails in our distended parent,
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  Speaker 1: And in time she brought us forth into the vacant air,
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  Speaker 1: brought into light. The helpless infant lies, then on all fours,
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  Speaker 1: lifts his body up, feeling his way like any young
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  Speaker 1: wild beast, and then by slow degrees he stands upright,
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  Speaker 1: weakned and trembling, steadied by support of some convenient prop
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  Speaker 1: and soon more strong and swift. He passes through the
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  Speaker 1: hours of youth, and when the years of middle age
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  Speaker 1: are passed, slides down the steep path of declining age.
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  Speaker 1: This undermines him and destroys the strength of former years,
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  Speaker 1: and Mylon, now grown old, weeps when he sees his
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  Speaker 1: arms which once were firm, with muscles big as those
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  Speaker 1: of Hercules, hang flabby at his side, and Helen weeps
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  Speaker 1: when in the glass she sees her wrinkled face and
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  Speaker 1: wonders why two heroes fell in love and carried her away.
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  Speaker 1: O time, devourer of all things and envious age. Together
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  Speaker 1: you destroy all that exists, and, slowly gnawing bring on
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  Speaker 1: lingering death. Yes, even things which we call elements do
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  Speaker 1: not endure. Now listen well to me, and I will
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  Speaker 1: show the ways in which they change. The everlasting universe
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  Speaker 1: contains four elemental parts, and two of these are heavy
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  Speaker 1: Earth and water, and are borne downwards by weight. The
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  Speaker 1: other two, devoid of weight, are air and even lighter fire,
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  Speaker 1: And if these two are not constrained, they seek the
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  Speaker 1: higher regions. These four elements, though far apart in space,
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  Speaker 1: are all derived from one another. Earth dissolves as flowing water.
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  Speaker 1: Water thin still more departs as wind and air, and
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  Speaker 1: the light air, still losing weight, sparkles on high as fire.
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  Speaker 1: But they return along their former way. The fire, assuming weight,
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  Speaker 1: is changed to air and then more dense. That air
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  Speaker 1: is changed again to water, and that water, still more dense,
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  Speaker 1: compacts itself again as primal earth. Nothing retains the form
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  Speaker 1: that seems its own, and nature, the renewer of all things,
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  Speaker 1: continually changes every form into some other shape. Believe my word.
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  Speaker 1: In all this universe of vast extent, not one thing
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  Speaker 1: ever perished. All have changed appearance. Men say a certain
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  Speaker 1: thing is born if it takes a different form from
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  Speaker 1: what it had. And yet they say that certain thing
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  Speaker 1: has died if it no longer keeps the self same shape.
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  Speaker 1: Though distant things move near, and near things far, always
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  Speaker 1: the sum of all things is unchanged. For my part,
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  Speaker 1: I cannot believe a thing remains long under the same
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  Speaker 1: form unchanged. Look at the change of times from gold
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  Speaker 1: to iron. Look at the change in places. I have
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  Speaker 1: seen what had been solid earth becomes salt waves. And
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  Speaker 1: I have seen dry land made from the deep and
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  Speaker 1: far away from ocean, seashells strewn, and on the mountain
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  Speaker 1: tops old anchors. Found water has made that which was
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  Speaker 1: once a plain into a valley, and the mountain has
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  Speaker 1: been leveled by the floods down to a plain. A
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  Speaker 1: former marshland is now parched dry sand, and places which
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  Speaker 1: endured severest drought are wet with standing pools. Here nature
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  Speaker 1: has opened fresh springs, but there has shut them up.
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  Speaker 1: Rivers aroused by ancient earthquakes have rushed out or vanished
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  Speaker 1: as they lost their depth. So when the Lychus has
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  Speaker 1: been swallowed by a chasm in the earth, it rushes
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  Speaker 1: forth at a distance and is reborne a different stream.
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  Speaker 1: The Aricyinus, now flows down into a cave, now runs
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  Speaker 1: beneath the ground. A darkened courus then rises lordly in
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  Speaker 1: the Argolic fields. They say. The misis wearied of his
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  Speaker 1: spring and of his former banks, appears elsewhere and takes
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  Speaker 1: another name, the Caicus. The Amenanus in Sicilian sands, now
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  Speaker 1: smoothly rolling at another time, is quenched because its fountain
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  Speaker 1: springs are dry. The water of the Anaigros formerly was
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  Speaker 1: used for drinking, but it pours out now foul water,
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  Speaker 1: which you would decline to touch, because unless all credit
• 18:58
  Speaker 1: is denied to poets long ago. The centaurs, those strange mortals,
• 19:03
  Speaker 1: double limbed, bathed in the stream wounds which club bearing
• 19:07
  Speaker 1: Hercules had made with his strong bow. Yes, does not
• 19:11
  Speaker 1: high panas descending fresh from the mountains of Samartia become
• 19:14
  Speaker 1: embittered with the taste of salt. Antaysa Pharos and Phoenician
• 19:19
  Speaker 1: Tire were once surrounded by the wavy sea. They are
• 19:23
  Speaker 1: not islands now. Long years ago Lucas was mainland, if
• 19:28
  Speaker 1: we can believe what the old timers there will tell.
• 19:31
  Speaker 1: But now the waves sweep around it. Zankel was a
• 19:35
  Speaker 1: part of Italy until the sea cut off the neighboring land,
• 19:39
  Speaker 1: with strong waves in between. Should you seek Helikeay and Buris,
• 19:43
  Speaker 1: those two cities of Acaia, you will find them underneath
• 19:45
  Speaker 1: the waves where sailors point to sloping roofs and streets.
• 19:49
  Speaker 1: In the clear deep near Pythae and Troezen, a steep,
• 19:53
  Speaker 1: high hill, quite bare of trees, was once a level plain,
• 19:56
  Speaker 1: but now as a hill for dreadful even to tell
• 19:59
  Speaker 1: the raging power of winds long pent in deep dark
• 20:02
  Speaker 1: caverns tried to find a proper vent. Long struggling to
• 20:07
  Speaker 1: attain free sky, finding no opening from the prison caves
• 20:11
  Speaker 1: imperious to their force, they raised the earth exactly as
• 20:15
  Speaker 1: pent air breathed from the mouth, and placed a bladder
• 20:18
  Speaker 1: or the bottle hides stripped off the two horn goats.
• 20:22
  Speaker 1: The swollen earth remained in that spot and has ever since.
• 20:25
  Speaker 1: Appearance of a high hill hardened by the flight of time.
• 20:30
  Speaker 1: End of Book fifteen, Part one, recorded by Zoe